Peroral cholangioscopy in the new millennium

Figure 1 Cholangioscopic view of normal intrahepatic biliary mucosa (image by a prototype video cholangioscope, CHF type Y0002, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).

Figure 2 Cholangioscopic views of a bile duct stone prior to (A) and after (B) electrohydraulic lithotripsy. The lithotripsy probe is visible in the left lower corner of (B).

Figure 3 Cholangioscopic view of a small stone surrounded by contrast in an intrahepatic duct. The stone was missed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (image by Spyglass Direct Visualization System, Boston Scientific, Natick, USA).