Endogenous leptin fluctuates in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury and represents a potential therapeutic target

Figure 1 Serum levels of leptin (A), glucose (B), total anti-oxidation capacity (C), myeloperoxidase (D), alanine transaminase (E) and diamine oxidase (F) in the rats after injury. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs sham; ^cP < 0.05 vs I60’R60’; ^dP < 0.01, ^eP < 0.05 vs I60'R150'; ^gP < 0.05 vs I60’R240’. Sham: Sham-operation; I60’R60’, I60’R150’, I60’R240’ and I60’R360’: Hepatic ischemia for 60 min/reperfusion for 60, 150, 240 and 360 min; TAC: Total anti-oxidation capacity; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; DAO: Diamine oxidase.

Figure 2 Histological alterations in lung (A), liver (B) and duodenum (C) of the rats after injury using hematoxylin-eosin staining (× 200). Sham: Sham-operation; I60’R60’, I60’R150’, I60’R240’ and I60’R360’: Hepatic ischemia for 60 min/reperfusion for 60, 150, 240 and 360 min; ^bP < 0.01 vs sham; ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01 vs I60'R60'; ^eP < 0.05, ^fP < 0.01 vs I60'R150'; ^gP < 0.05, ^hP < 0.01 vs I60'R240'.

Figure 3 Protein levels of leptin in lung (A), liver (B) and duodenum (C) of the rats after injury detected by immunohistochemistry (× 200). Sham: Sham-operation; I60’R60’, I60’R150’, I60’R240’ and I60’R360’: hepatic ischemia for 60 min/reperfusion for 60, 150, 240 and 360 min; ^bP < 0.01 vs sham; ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01 vs I60'R60'; ^fP < 0.01 vs I60’R150’; ^hP < 0.01 vs I60’R240’.

Figure 4 Endogenous network involving leptin that modulates the internal disorders during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. →: Induction; →||: Inhibition; →●: Possible induction; →|: Possible inhibition; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; TAC: Total anti-oxidation capacity; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; DAO: Diamine oxidase.