Hepatic venous outflow obstruction: Three similar syndromes

Figure 1 Site of venous obstruction in veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome, and congestive hepatopathy.

Figure 2 Histological examination demonstrates partial central vein occlusion in a patient with veno-occlusive disease.

Figure 3 Histological examination shows sinusoidal dilatation and congestion.

Figure 4 Abdominal ultrasonography reveals thick and obliterated middle hepatic veins.

Figure 5 Computed tomography showing central contrast enhancement in the liver.

Figure 6 Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver with contrasting agent shows that inferior vena cava is compressed by hypertrophy of caudate lobe and gross lobulation of the liver.

Figure 7 Almost completely obstructed IVC and shows collateral drainage through azygous system.

Figure 8 Ultrasound of the liver shows gross dilatation in the inferior vena cava and hepatic V.