Arg-gly-asp-mannose-6-phosphate inhibits activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro

Figure 1 Small and round HSCs in the presence of vitamin-A droplets in cytoplasm (A) and spindle-like or asteroid membranous processes in HSCs (B).

Figure 2 Immunocytochemical analysis of HSCs after cultured for 5 d (A), after treatment with TGF β1 (B) and M6P (C), weak positivity of α-SMA RGD (D) and RGD-M6P (E), and elevated expression of α-SMA (F) in HSCs. aP < 0.05 vs control groups; cP < 0.05 vs TGF β1.

Figure 3 Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle. PI histogram shows the details of cell cycle, in which the gates of D, F and G represent the G0/G1, S and G2/M phases, respectively, shown in corresponding figure.A: Proliferation of primary cultured HSCs; B: Increased proliferation of primary cultured HSCs in the presence of TGFβ1; C: Increased proliferation of primary cultured HSCs in the presence of M6P; D and E: Enlarged fraction of G2/M phase cells after treatment with RGD and RGD-M6P; F: Distribution of cell cycle phases was calculated using Multicycle I.O. bP < 0.01 vs control, RGD and RGD-M6P groups; cP < 0.05 vs control.