Ethanol inhibits the motility of rabbit sphincter of Oddi in vitro

Figure 1 Basal SO motility inhibited by ETOH. Sphincter of Oddi (SO) was exposed to increasing doses of ethanol (ETOH; 2 mL/L, 4 mL/L, 6 mL/L and 8 mL/L). Each concentration of ETOH was administered for 10 min. A: Effect of ETOH on the baseline amplitude. Representative experiments of the control and the ETOH-treated groups are shown. B: Summary of the effect of ETOH on the baseline amplitude. Mean ± SE, n = 5, ^aP < 0.05 vs the control; o: no contractile activity. C: Effect of ETOH on the contractile frequency. Representative experiments of the control and the ETOH-treated groups are shown. D: Summary of the effect of ETOH on the contractile frequency. Mean ± SE, n = 5, ^aP < 0.05 vs the control; o: no contractile activity.

Figure 2 Effect of ETOH on carbachol, erythromycin, CCK stimulated SO motility. All of the SOs were stimulated by 0.1 μmol/L carbachol for 40 min. Different concentrations of ETOH were administered as described in Figure 1. A: Effect of ETOH on the carbachol-stimulated baseline amplitude. Representative experiments of the control (carbachol-treated) and the ETOH-carbachol-treated groups are shown. B: Summary of the effect of ETOH on the carbachol-stimulated baseline amplitude. Mean ± SE, n = 5, ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^cP < 0.05 vs the carbachol-stimulated group, o: no contractile activity. C: Effect of ETOH on the contractile frequency. Representative experiments of the (carbachol-treated) and the ETOH-carbachol-treated groups are shown. D: Summary of the effect of ETOH on the carbachol-stimulated contractile frequency. Mean ± SE, n = 5, ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^cP < 0.05 vs the carbachol-stimulated group, o: no contractile activity. E: Effect of ETOH on the erythromycin-stimulated baseline amplitude. Representative experiments of the control (erythromycin-treated) and the ETOH-erythromycin-treated groups are shown. F: Summary of the effect of ETOH on the erythromycin-stimulated baseline amplitude. Mean ± SE, n = 5, ^aP < 0.05 vs the control, ^cP < 0.05 vs the erythro-mycin-stimulated group, o: no contractile activity. G: Effect of ETOH on the contractile frequency. Representative experiments of the control (erythromycin-treated) and the ETOH-erythromycin-treated groups are shown. H: Summary of the effect of ETOH on the erythromycin-stimulated contractile frequency. Mean ± SE, n = 5, ^aP < 0.05 vs the control, ^cP < 0.05 vs the erythromycin-stimulated group, o: no contractile activity. I: Effect of ETOH on the carbachol-stimulated baseline amplitude. Representative experiments of the control (CCK-treated) and the ETOH-CCK-treated groups are shown. J: Summary of the effect of ETOH on the CCK-stimulated baseline amplitude. Mean ± SE, n = 5, ^aP < 0.05 vs the control; o: no contractile activity. In the 0.1 μmol/L CCK-treated group, the first column represents the peak amplitude of contractile frequencies. The second column represents the constant amplitudes after the peak. ^aP < 0.05 vs the constant amplitude of the CCK-treated group. K: Effect of ETOH on the contractile frequency. Representative experiments of the (CCK-treated) and ETOH-CCK-treated groups are shown. L: Summary of the effect of ETOH on the CCK-stimulated contractile frequency. Mean ± SE, n = 5, ^aP < 0.05 vs the control; o: no contractile activity. In the 0.1 μmol/L CCK-treated group, the first column represents the peak of frequencies. The second column represents the constant frequencies after the peak. ^cP < 0.05 vs the constant frequency of the CCK-treated group.