Title: “ Associations between dietary polyphenols and risks of gastric precancerous lesions and cancer”. This large cross-sectional study, based on a natural population cohort from Wuwei—an area in China with a high incidence of gastric cancer demonstrated that several subclasses of dietary polyphenols, including stilbenes, lignans, and phenolic acids, are associated with a lower risk of gastric precancerous lesions, such as chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and low-grade dysplasia. These findings underscore the potential role of diet in reducing the burden of gastric cancer and suggest that promoting polyphenol-rich dietary patterns may contribute to prevention strategies in high-risk populations.