Koutouratsas T, Philippou A, Kolios G, Koutsilieris M, Gazouli M. Role of exercise in preventing and restoring gut dysbiosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(30): 5037-5046 [PMID: 34497433 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.5037]
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05272475
Submitted on:
August 19, 2021, 10:27
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Reader Comments:
1. The importance of diet in regulating/altering the gut microbiome should be acknowledged in more detail in particular when referring to changes in the gut microbiome of elite athletes. Elite athletes have a significantly different dietary pattern to non-elite athletes and sedentary individuals which may be responsible for alterations in the gut microbiome independent of the effect of physical activity (1,2,3,4).
2. More prolonged exercise programmes are likely to yield higher benefits and more sustained alterations in gut microbiome with individuals adapting improved behavioural patterns overtime and are therefore more likely to maintain a routine of regular physical activity.
3. The extent of disease (mild vs moderate to severe) is important and mentioned as a topic for future research. A previous 8-week structured exercise programme in quiescent IBD patients showed favorable changes in body composition with moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise however, no clinically significant changes were observed in the gut microbiome. This may relate to the inactive disease state.
References
1.Clark A, Mach N. Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016 Nov 24;13:43. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0155-6. PMID: 27924137; PMCID: PMC5121944.
2.David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014;505(7484):559-563. doi:10.1038/nature12820.
3. Mohr AE, Jäger R, Carpenter KC, et al. The athletic gut microbiota. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2020;17(1):24. Published 2020 May 12. doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00353-w.
4. Barton W, Penney NC, Cronin O, et al. The microbiome of professional athletes differs from that of more sedentary subjects in composition and particularly at the functional metabolic level. Gut. 2018;67(4):625-633. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313627.
5. Cronin, O., Barton, W., Moran, C. et al. Moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise is safe and favorably influences body composition in patients with quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a randomized controlled cross-over trial. BMC Gastroenterol 19, 29 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-019-0952-x.
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