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Yang B, Dong H, Zhang S, Ming S, Yang R, Peng Y, Gao X. PSMA PET vs. mpMRI for Lymph Node Metastasis of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Head-to-Head Comparative Meta-analysis. Acad Radiol 2025; 32:2797-2814. [PMID: 39632217 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in prostate cancer. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified studies published up to August 24, 2024. Studies comparing PSMA PET and mpMRI accuracy in detecting LNM in prostate cancer were included. The quality of each study was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Performance Studies-2 tool. RESULTS This study included 23 articles with a total of 3041 patients. The pooled analysis showed PSMA PET had a sensitivity of 0.74 (95% CI:0.62-0.85) and specificity of 0.96 (95% CI:0.93-0.98) for detecting prostate cancer LNM, while mpMRI had a sensitivity of 0.45 (95% CI:0.32-0.57) and specificity at 0.92 (95% CI:0.86-0.97). PSMA PET shows notably higher sensitivity than mpMRI, (P < 0.01) with no significant difference in specificity (P = 0.18). For initial staging, PSMA PET shows significantly higher sensitivity than mpMRI (P < 0.01), with no significant specificity difference (P = 0.17). Subgroup analysis showed that both [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET and [18F]F-PSMA-1007 PET had higher sensitivity than mpMRI (P = 0.03, P < 0.01) without significant differences in specificity (P = 0.10, P = 0.73). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity (P = 0.20) and specificity (P = 0.43) of [18F]F-DCFPyL PET. CONCLUSION PSMA PET is more sensitive than mpMRI in detecting LNM in prostate cancer, especially for initial staging; however, there is no significant difference in specificity between the two. Due to the high heterogeneity, more subgroup-based studies are needed to standardize imaging practices and validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaoxing Ming
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yonghan Peng
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Akram MSH, Fukunaga M, Nishikido F, Takyu S, Obata T, Yamaya T. Feasibility Study for a Microstrip Transmission Line RF Coil Integrated with a PET Detector Module in a 7T Human MR Imaging System. Magn Reson Med Sci 2025; 24:155-165. [PMID: 38346767 PMCID: PMC11996246 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to do a feasibility study on a microstrip transmission line (MS) RF coil for a positron emission tomography (PET) insert in a 7 Tesla human MRI system. The proposed MS coil integrated the RF shield of the PET detector as the ground conductor of the coil. We called the integrated module "MS PET coil." METHODS A single-channel MS PET coil was developed with an integrated RF-shielded PET detector module. For comparison, we also studied a conventional MS coil with a single-layer ground conductor. A lutetium fine silicate (LFS) scintillation crystal block (14 × 14 × 4-layer) with a silicon photomultiplier (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan) and a front-end readout circuit board were mounted inside the shield cage of the MS PET coil. The MS PET coil was studied with and without PET detectors. All three coil configurations were studied with a homogeneous phantom in a 7T MRI system (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). PET data measurements were conducted using a Cesium-137 radiation point source. RESULTS The MR images were similar for the MS coil and the empty MS PET coil, as well as for the cases of MS PET coil with and without PET measurements. Compared to the empty MS PET coil (without PET detector and cable RF shield), decreases in SNR, increases in image noise and RF power, and a slight decrease in resonance frequency were seen for the case of the MS PET coil with the detector and cable shield. Differences in the PET energy histograms or in the crystal identification maps with and without MRI measurements were negligible. CONCLUSIONS Both the MRI and PET performances of the MS PET coil showed responses that matched the MS coil responses. The performance variations of MRI data with and without PET measurement and PET data with and without MR imaging were negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossain Akram
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Section of Brain Function Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishikido
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sodai Takyu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Obata
- Department of Applied MRI Research, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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Xu X, Su J, Zhu R, Li K, Zhao X, Fan J, Mao F. From morphology to single-cell molecules: high-resolution 3D histology in biomedicine. Mol Cancer 2025; 24:63. [PMID: 40033282 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-025-02240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) tissue analysis has emerged as a transformative innovation in the life sciences, providing detailed insights into the spatial organization and molecular composition of biological tissues. This review begins by tracing the historical milestones that have shaped the development of high-resolution 3D histology, highlighting key breakthroughs that have facilitated the advancement of current technologies. We then systematically categorize the various families of high-resolution 3D histology techniques, discussing their core principles, capabilities, and inherent limitations. These 3D histology techniques include microscopy imaging, tomographic approaches, single-cell and spatial omics, computational methods and 3D tissue reconstruction (e.g. 3D cultures and spheroids). Additionally, we explore a wide range of applications for single-cell 3D histology, demonstrating how single-cell and spatial technologies are being utilized in the fields such as oncology, cardiology, neuroscience, immunology, developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Despite the remarkable progress made in recent years, the field still faces significant challenges, including high barriers to entry, issues with data robustness, ambiguous best practices for experimental design, and a lack of standardization across methodologies. This review offers a thorough analysis of these challenges and presents recommendations to surmount them, with the overarching goal of nurturing ongoing innovation and broader integration of cellular 3D tissue analysis in both biology research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Xu
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing, Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jimeng Su
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongyi Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing, Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kailong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing, Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jibiao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fengbiao Mao
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Research in Gastrointestinal Oncology (BLGO), Beijing, China.
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Das KJ, Meena JK, Kumar D. Applicability and performance of 18F-FDG PET-based modalities for whole-body cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jpn J Radiol 2025; 43:266-281. [PMID: 39302525 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-024-01659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Screening tests are the cornerstone for early detection and optimal management of cancers. Most of the present cancer-screening tests are intrusive, time-consuming, and specifically target a particular anatomical site or cancer type. Only a few studies have reported the objective measures of 18F-FDG PET-based cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals. This review and meta-analysis is an attempt to assess the applicability and performance of 18F-FDG PET-based modalities for whole-body cancer screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were conducted using relevant MeSH terms and keywords, for articles published in the last 2 decades (2000-2022). Pooled estimates of diagnostic test accuracy-including sensitivity, specificity, positive-likelihood ratio, negative-likelihood ratio, and hierarchical summary ROC (HSROC) curve were generated using bivariate random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review and 13 studies were deemed eligible for meta-analysis. The mean estimates of pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive-likelihood ratio, negative-likelihood ratio, and Odds ratio using 18F-FDG PET with a 95% confidence interval were 0.47 (0.25-0.69), 0.97 (0.95-0.98), 18.8 (6.8-51.5), 0.45 (0.27-0.76), 41.0 (7.9-211.8) and for 18F-FDG PET/CT were 0.83 (0.75-0.88), 0.98 (0.97-0.99), 49.7 (29.2-84.5), 0.15 (0.8-0.28), 329.9 (125.0-870.8), respectively. Among screening modalities, 18F-FDG PET/CT had a higher accuracy i.e., the area under the HSROC curve (AUC): 0.91 (0.87-0.95) compared to 18F-FDG PET: 0.72 (0.61-0.82). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that currently 18F-FDG PET-based screening has limited applicability for population-based cancer-screening programs. However, it has a promising role as a combined screening strategy for at-risk individuals and allows for comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in high-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Das
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Institute (NCI-AIIMS), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - J K Meena
- Dept. of Preventive Oncology, National Cancer Institute (NCI-AIIMS), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| | - D Kumar
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Rafanan J, Ghani N, Kazemeini S, Nadeem-Tariq A, Shih R, Vida TA. Modernizing Neuro-Oncology: The Impact of Imaging, Liquid Biopsies, and AI on Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:917. [PMID: 39940686 PMCID: PMC11817476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26030917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Advances in neuro-oncology have transformed the diagnosis and management of brain tumors, which are among the most challenging malignancies due to their high mortality rates and complex neurological effects. Despite advancements in surgery and chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain metastases remains poor, underscoring the need for innovative diagnostic strategies. This review highlights recent advancements in imaging techniques, liquid biopsies, and artificial intelligence (AI) applications addressing current diagnostic challenges. Advanced imaging techniques, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), improve the differentiation of tumor progression from treatment-related changes. Additionally, novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers, such as 18F-fluoropivalate, 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine, and 18F-fluluciclovine, facilitate metabolic profiling of high-grade gliomas. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive technique, enables real-time monitoring of biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), enhancing diagnostic precision. AI-driven algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks, integrate diagnostic tools to improve accuracy, reduce interobserver variability, and accelerate clinical decision-making. These innovations advance personalized neuro-oncological care, offering new opportunities to improve outcomes for patients with central nervous system tumors. We advocate for future research integrating these tools into clinical workflows, addressing accessibility challenges, and standardizing methodologies to ensure broad applicability in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas A. Vida
- Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, 625 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (J.R.); (N.G.); (S.K.); (A.N.-T.); (R.S.)
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Lo HZ, Choy KT, Kong JCH. FDG-PET/MRI in colorectal cancer care: an updated systematic review. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2025; 50:49-63. [PMID: 39073608 PMCID: PMC11711575 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since its introduction in 2011, FDG-PET/MRI has been advocated as a useful adjunct in colorectal cancer care. However, gaps and limitations in current research remain. This systematic review aims to review the current literature to quantify the utility of FDG-PET/MRI in colorectal cancer care. METHODS An up-to-date review was performed on the available literature between 2000 and 2023 on PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, databases. All studies reporting on the use of FDG-PET/MRI in colorectal cancer care were analyzed. The main outcome measures were accuracy in initial staging, restaging, and detection of metastatic disease in both rectal as well as colon cancers. The secondary outcome was comparing the performance of FDG-PET/MRI versus Standard of Care Imaging (SCI). Finally, the clinical significance of FDG-PET/MRI was measured in the change in management resulting from imaging findings. RESULTS A total of 22 observational studies were included, accounting for 988 patients. When individually compared to current Standard of Care Imaging (SCI)-MRI pelvis for rectal cancer and thoraco-abdominal contrast CT, PET/MRI proved superior in terms of distant metastatic disease detection. This led to as much as 21.0% change in management. However, the technological limitations of PET/MRI were once again highlighted, suggesting SCI should retain its place as first-line imaging. CONCLUSION FDG-PET/MRI appears to be a promising adjunct in staging and restaging of colorectal cancer in carefully selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhen Lo
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kay Tai Choy
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Cherng Huei Kong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Natsuaki Y, Leynes A, Wangerin K, Hamdi M, Rajagopal A, Kinahan PE, Laforest R, Larson PEZ, Hope TA, James SS. Assessment of lesion insertion tool in pelvis PET/MR data with applications to attenuation correction method development. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2024; 25:e14507. [PMID: 39231184 PMCID: PMC11539964 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In modern positron emission tomography (PET) with multi-modality imaging (e.g., PET/CT and PET/MR), the attenuation correction (AC) is the single largest correction factor for image reconstruction. One way to assess AC methods and other reconstruction parameters is to utilize software-based simulation tools, such as a lesion insertion tool. Extensive validation of these simulation tools is required to ensure results of the study are clinically meaningful. PURPOSE To evaluate different PET AC methods using a synthetic lesion insertion tool that simulates lesions in a patient cohort that has both PET/MR and PET/CT images. To further demonstrate how lesion insertion tool may be used to extend knowledge of PET reconstruction parameters, including but not limited to AC. METHODS Lesion quantitation is compared using conventional Dixon-based MR-based AC (MRAC) to that of using CT-based AC (CTAC, a "ground truth"). First, the pre-existing lesions were simulated in a similar environment; a total of 71 lesions were identified in 18 pelvic PET/MR patient images acquired with a time-of-flight simultaneous PET/MR scanner, and matched lesions were inserted contralaterally on the same axial slice. Second, synthetic lesions were inserted into four anatomic target locations in a cohort of four patients who didn't have any observed clinical lesions in the pelvis. RESULTS The matched lesion insertions resulted in unity between the lesion error ratios (mean SUVs), demonstrating that the inserted lesions successfully simulated the original lesions. In the second study, the inserted lesions had distinct characteristics by target locations and demonstrated negative max-SUV%diff trends for bone-dominant sites across the patient cohort. CONCLUSIONS The current work demonstrates that the applied lesion insertion tool can simulate uptake in pelvic lesions and their expected SUV values, and that the lesion insertion tool can be extended to evaluate further PET reconstruction corrections and algorithms and their impact on quantitation accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Natsuaki
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Mahdjoub Hamdi
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | | | - Richard Laforest
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Thomas A. Hope
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Aung NH, Hlaing WY, Thwe H, Aung HA. The Importance of Advanced Imaging in Diagnosing and Differentiating Lung Carcinoid Tumors From Pulmonary TB and Upper Respiratory Infections. Cureus 2024; 16:e72158. [PMID: 39583419 PMCID: PMC11584204 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.72158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinoid tumors, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and upper respiratory infections (URIs) present with overlapping symptoms, making accurate diagnosis challenging. This case report illustrates the diagnostic difficulties and the critical role of advanced imaging in distinguishing these conditions. We describe a 58-year-old Southeast Asian non-smoker woman with a history of pulmonary TB who presented with intermittent hemoptysis over four months. Initial treatments for URIs and TB, including multiple courses of antibiotics and chest X-rays, did not alleviate her symptoms. Advanced imaging with a CT scan revealed a 3 × 3 cm nodule in the retrocardiac area of the left lower lobe, leading to a diagnosis of a lung carcinoid tumor following biopsy. The patient underwent a left lower lobe lobectomy, which resulted in significant clinical improvement. This case highlights the limitations of initial diagnostic approaches and underscores the importance of advanced imaging techniques such as CT and PET/CT in accurately identifying and characterizing lung tumors. These modalities are essential not only for diagnosing but also for guiding appropriate treatment and improving patient outcomes. Advanced imaging allows for precise differentiation between lung carcinoid tumors, TB, and URIs, ensuring that patients receive timely and effective management. The findings of this case reinforce the need for comprehensive imaging in the evaluation of persistent respiratory symptoms, advocating for the integration of advanced imaging into routine clinical practice to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah H Aung
- Internal Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, MMR
- Internal Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, Macomb, USA
- Public Health, Western Illinois University, Macomb, USA
- Sleep Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Wut Y Hlaing
- Internal Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation/Harlem, New York City, USA
| | - Hla Thwe
- Internal Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, MMR
| | - Htat A Aung
- Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA
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Dawod M, Rush E, Nagib PB, Aduwo J, Bodempudi P, Appiah-Kubi E. The Utility of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-11 PET in Detection and Management of Central Nervous System Neoplasms. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:e340-e345. [PMID: 38598534 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present a case series of 5 patients diagnosed with schwannoma and 1 patient diagnosed with astrocytoma who underwent PSMA PET imaging for tumor detection. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 4 male and 2 female patients (mean age, 53.2 ± 13.2) who underwent PSMA PET imaging between March and September 2023. PET interpretation showed increased Ga-PSMA-11 accumulation in all patients with a mean SUV max of 3.11 ± 1.8. This series underscores PSMA PET's potential for CNS neoplasm detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Dawod
- From the The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Evan Rush
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Paul B Nagib
- From the The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Jessica Aduwo
- From the The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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Madiraju A, Bhattaru A, Pham T, Pundyavana A, Rojulpote KV, Raynor WY, Werner TJ, Alavi A. Current uses and understanding of PET imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2024; 14:161-174. [PMID: 39027647 PMCID: PMC11253081 DOI: 10.62347/nanx3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with unclear etiology characterized by the accumulation of noncaseating, immune granulomas in affected tissues. In cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), white blood cells build up within the heart muscles, causing cardiac abnormalities. Accurate and early diagnosis of CS proves challenging. However, usage of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, namely 18F-FDG-PET, has proven successful in diagnosing inflammatory cardiomyopathy. This review seeks to examine the role of PET in managing ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis. PET, in conjunction with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is also endorsed as the premier method for diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with CS by The Heart Rhythm Society. After a CS diagnosis, risk stratification of ventricular arrhythmias is a necessity given the potential for sudden cardiac death. 18F-FDG-PET has been successful in monitoring disease advancement and treatment responses in CS patients. Early stages of CS are often treated with immunosuppression drugs if there are additional signs of VT. Currently, corticosteroid and anti-arrhythmia compounds: methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, infliximab, amiodarone, and azathioprine are used to suppress inflammation. 18F-FDG-PET has certainly proven to be an incredibly useful and accurate diagnostic tool of CS. While late gadolinium enhancement by CMR is efficient in detecting myocardial necrosis and/or advanced fibrosis scarring, 18F-FDG portrays the increased uptake level of glucose metabolism. In combination PET/MRI has proven to be more successful in improving the efficacy of both scans, addressing their drawbacks, and highlighting their advantages. Managing CS patients is highly involved in detecting inflammatory regions of the heart. Early recognition prevents cardiac abnormality, mainly VT and VF in CS patients, and extends lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekhya Madiraju
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhijit Bhattaru
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Truongan Pham
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anish Pundyavana
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Y Raynor
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Werner
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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Li Y, Li Y. PETformer network enables ultra-low-dose total-body PET imaging without structural prior. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:075030. [PMID: 38417180 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad2e6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Positron emission tomography (PET) is essential for non-invasive imaging of metabolic processes in healthcare applications. However, the use of radiolabeled tracers exposes patients to ionizing radiation, raising concerns about carcinogenic potential, and warranting efforts to minimize doses without sacrificing diagnostic quality.Approach.In this work, we present a novel neural network architecture, PETformer, designed for denoising ultra-low-dose PET images without requiring structural priors such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging. The architecture utilizes a U-net backbone, synergistically combining multi-headed transposed attention blocks with kernel-basis attention and channel attention mechanisms for both short- and long-range dependencies and enhanced feature extraction. PETformer is trained and validated on a dataset of 317 patients imaged on a total-body uEXPLORER PET/CT scanner.Main results.Quantitative evaluations using structural similarity index measure and liver signal-to-noise ratio showed PETformer's significant superiority over other established denoising algorithms across different dose-reduction factors.Significance.Its ability to identify and recover intrinsic anatomical details from background noise with dose reductions as low as 2% and its capacity in maintaining high target-to-background ratios while preserving the integrity of uptake values of small lesions enables PET-only fast and accurate disease diagnosis. Furthermore, PETformer exhibits computational efficiency with only 37 M trainable parameters, making it well-suited for commercial integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- United Imaging Healthcare America, Houston, TX, 77054, United States of America
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States of America
| | - Yusheng Li
- United Imaging Healthcare America, Houston, TX, 77054, United States of America
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Akram MSH, Levin CS, Nishikido F, Takyu S, Obata T, Yamaya T. Study on the radiofrequency transparency of partial-ring oval-shaped prototype PET inserts in a 3 T clinical MRI system. Radiol Phys Technol 2024; 17:60-70. [PMID: 37874462 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-023-00747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the RF field responses of partial-ring RF-shielded oval-shaped positron emission tomography (PET) inserts that are used in combination with an MRI body RF coil. Partial-ring PET insert is particularly suitable for interventional investigation (e.g., trimodal PET/MRI/ultrasound imaging) and intraoperative (e.g., robotic surgery) PET/MRI studies. In this study, we used electrically floating Faraday RF shield cages to construct different partial-ring configurations of oval and cylindrical PET inserts and performed experiments on the RF field, spin echo and gradient echo images for a homogeneous phantom in a 3 T clinical MRI system. For each geometry, partial-ring configurations were studied by removing an opposing pair or a single shield cage from different positions of the PET ring. Compared to the MRI-only case, reduction in mean RF homogeneity, flip angle, and SNR for the detector opening in the first and third quadrants was approximately 13%, 15%, and 43%, respectively, whereas the values were 8%, 23%, and 48%, respectively, for the detector openings in the second and fourth quadrants. The RF field distribution also varied for different partial-ring configurations. It can be concluded that the field penetration was high for the detector openings in the first and third quadrants of both the inserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossain Akram
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Craig S Levin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5128, USA
| | - Fumihiko Nishikido
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sodai Takyu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Obata
- Department of Applied MRI Research, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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13
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Scheepers MHMC, Al-Difaie Z, Brandts L, Peeters A, Winkens B, Al-Taher M, Engelen SME, Lubbers T, Havekes B, Bouvy ND, Postma AA. Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Parathyroid Localization of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 38201335 PMCID: PMC10802165 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate preoperative localization is crucial for successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Preoperative localization can be challenging in patients with recurrent and/or multigland disease (MGD). This has led clinicians to investigate multiple imaging techniques, most of which are associated with radiation exposure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers ionizing radiation-free and accurate imaging, making it an attractive alternative imaging modality. The objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the diagnostic performance of MRI in the localization of PHPT. PubMed and Embase libraries were searched from 1 January 2000 to 31 March 2023. Studies were included that investigated MRI techniques for the localization of PHPT. The exclusion criteria were (1) secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism, (2) studies that provided no diagnostic performance values, (3) studies published before 2000, and (4) studies using 0.5 Tesla MRI scanners. Twenty-four articles were included in the systematic review, with a total of 1127 patients with PHPT. In 14 studies investigating conventional MRI for PHPT localization, sensitivities varied between 39.1% and 94.3%. When employing more advanced MRI protocols like 4D MRI for PHPT localization in 11 studies, sensitivities ranged from 55.6% to 100%. The combination of MR imaging with functional techniques such as 18F-FCH-PET/MRI yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivities ranging from 84.2% to 100% in five studies. Despite the limitations of the available evidence, the results of this review indicate that the combination of MR imaging with functional imaging techniques such as 18F-FCH-PET/MRI yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy. Further research on emerging MR imaging modalities, such as 4D MRI and PET/MRI, is warranted, as MRI exposes patients to minimal or no ionizing radiation compared to other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max H. M. C. Scheepers
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Zaid Al-Difaie
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lloyd Brandts
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Peeters
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Mahdi Al-Taher
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.M.E.E.)
| | - Sanne M. E. Engelen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.M.E.E.)
| | - Tim Lubbers
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.M.E.E.)
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole D. Bouvy
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.M.E.E.)
| | - Alida A. Postma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School for Mental Health and Sciences (MHENS), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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14
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Heydarheydari S, Birgani MJT, Rezaeijo SM. Auto-segmentation of head and neck tumors in positron emission tomography images using non-local means and morphological frameworks. Pol J Radiol 2023; 88:e365-e370. [PMID: 37701174 PMCID: PMC10493858 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2023.130815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accurately segmenting head and neck cancer (HNC) tumors in medical images is crucial for effective treatment planning. However, current methods for HNC segmentation are limited in their accuracy and efficiency. The present study aimed to design a model for segmenting HNC tumors in three-dimensional (3D) positron emission tomography (PET) images using Non-Local Means (NLM) and morphological operations. Material and Methods The proposed model was tested using data from the HECKTOR challenge public dataset, which included 408 patient images with HNC tumors. NLM was utilized for image noise reduction and preservation of critical image information. Following pre-processing, morphological operations were used to assess the similarity of intensity and edge information within the images. The Dice score, Intersection Over Union (IoU), and accuracy were used to evaluate the manual and predicted segmentation results. Results The proposed model achieved an average Dice score of 81.47 ± 3.15, IoU of 80 ± 4.5, and accuracy of 94.03 ± 4.44, demonstrating its effectiveness in segmenting HNC tumors in PET images. Conclusions The proposed algorithm provides the capability to produce patient-specific tumor segmentation without manual interaction, addressing the limitations of current methods for HNC segmentation. The model has the potential to improve treatment planning and aid in the development of personalized medicine. Additionally, this model can be extended to effectively segment other organs from limited annotated medical images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Heydarheydari
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Masoud Rezaeijo
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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15
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Argalia G, Fogante M, Schicchi N, Fringuelli FM, Esposto Pirani P, Cottignoli C, Romagnolo C, Palucci A, Biscontini G, Balardi L, Argalia G, Burroni L. Hybrid PET/MRI imaging in non-ischemic cardiovascular disease. Clin Transl Imaging 2023; 12:69-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-023-00586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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16
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Perera Molligoda Arachchige AS. Neuroimaging with PET/MR: moving beyond 3 T in preclinical systems, when for clinical practice? Clin Transl Imaging 2023; 11:315-319. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-023-00572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
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17
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Cohen O, Kaufman AE, Choi H, Khan S, Robson PM, Suárez-Fariñas M, Mani V, Shah NA. Pharyngeal Inflammation on Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Before and After Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:574-583. [PMID: 36476449 PMCID: PMC10112411 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202207-594oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: There is upper airway inflammation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which reduces with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Objectives: Validate the use of positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify metabolic activity within the pharyngeal mucosa of patients with OSA against nasal lavage proteomics and assess the impact of CPAP therapy. Methods: Adults with OSA underwent [18F]-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET/MRI of the neck before and 3 months after initiating CPAP. Nasal lavage samples were collected. Inflammatory protein expression from samples was analyzed using the Olink platform. Upper airway imaging segmentation was performed. Target-to-background ratio (TBRmax) was calculated from target pharyngeal maximum standard uptake values (SUV) and personalized background mean SUV. Most-diseased segment TBRmax was identified per participant at locations with the highest PET avidity. Correlation analysis was performed between baseline TBRmax and nasal lavage proteomics. TBRmax was compared before and after CPAP using linear mixed-effect models. Results: Among 38 participants, the baseline mean age was 46.3 years (standard deviation [SD], 12.5), 21% were female, the mean body mass index was 30.9 kg/m2 (SD, 4.6), and the mean respiratory disturbance index measured by peripheral arterial tonometry was 31 events/h (SD, 16.4). There was a significant positive correlation between pharyngeal mucosa most-diseased segment TBRmax and nasal lavage proteomic inflammation (r = 0.41 [P < 0.001, false discovery rate = 0.002]). Primary analysis revealed a reduction in the most-diseased segment TBRmax after a median of 2.91 months of CPAP therapy (-0.86 [standard error (SE) ± 0.30; P = 0.007]). Stratified analysis by smoking status revealed a significantly decreased most-diseased segment TBRmax after CPAP therapy among never-smokers but not among ever-smokers (-1.01 [SE ± 0.39; P = 0.015] vs. -0.64 [SE ± 0.49; P = 0.201]). Conclusions: CPAP therapy reduces metabolic activity measured by PET/MRI within the upper airway of adults with OSA. Furthermore, PET/MRI measures of upper airway metabolic activity correlate with a noninvasive marker of inflammation (i.e., nasal lavage inflammatory protein expression).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Cohen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | | | - Hyewon Choi
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Samira Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | | | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Neomi A. Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
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18
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Chiu FY, Yen Y. Imaging biomarkers for clinical applications in neuro-oncology: current status and future perspectives. Biomark Res 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36991494 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarker discovery and development are popular for detecting the subtle diseases. However, biomarkers are needed to be validated and approved, and even fewer are ever used clinically. Imaging biomarkers have a crucial role in the treatment of cancer patients because they provide objective information on tumor biology, the tumor's habitat, and the tumor's signature in the environment. Tumor changes in response to an intervention complement molecular and genomic translational diagnosis as well as quantitative information. Neuro-oncology has become more prominent in diagnostics and targeted therapies. The classification of tumors has been actively updated, and drug discovery, and delivery in nanoimmunotherapies are advancing in the field of target therapy research. It is important that biomarkers and diagnostic implements be developed and used to assess the prognosis or late effects of long-term survivors. An improved realization of cancer biology has transformed its management with an increasing emphasis on a personalized approach in precision medicine. In the first part, we discuss the biomarker categories in relation to the courses of a disease and specific clinical contexts, including that patients and specimens should both directly reflect the target population and intended use. In the second part, we present the CT perfusion approach that provides quantitative and qualitative data that has been successfully applied to the clinical diagnosis, treatment and application. Furthermore, the novel and promising multiparametric MR imageing approach will provide deeper insights regarding the tumor microenvironment in the immune response. Additionally, we briefly remark new tactics based on MRI and PET for converging on imaging biomarkers combined with applications of bioinformatics in artificial intelligence. In the third part, we briefly address new approaches based on theranostics in precision medicine. These sophisticated techniques merge achievable standardizations into an applicatory apparatus for primarily a diagnostic implementation and tracking radioactive drugs to identify and to deliver therapies in an individualized medicine paradigm. In this article, we describe the critical principles for imaging biomarker characterization and discuss the current status of CT, MRI and PET in finiding imaging biomarkers of early disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ying Chiu
- Center for Cancer Translational Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
- Center for Brain and Neurobiology Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
- Teaching and Research Headquarters for Sustainable Development Goals, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
| | - Yun Yen
- Center for Cancer Translational Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110301, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110301, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, Taipei City, 116081, Taiwan.
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19
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Krumm P, Greulich S, la Fougère C, Nikolaou K. Hybrid-PET/MRT bei inflammatorischer Kardiomyopathie. DIE RADIOLOGIE 2022; 62:954-959. [PMID: 36056155 PMCID: PMC9613732 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-022-01064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Myokarditis und die inflammatorische Kardiomyopathie sind aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Auslöser, Phänotypen und Stadien diagnostisch häufig schwer zu diagnostizieren.
Methodische Innovationen und Probleme
Die kardiale Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie/Magnetresonanztomographie (PET/MRT) zeichnet sich neben der myokardialen Gewebecharakterisierung mittels MRT durch den möglichen Nachweis einer aktiven myokardialen Entzündung (Inflammation) mittels PET aus. Die Kombination von MRT und PET ist somit eher synergistisch als rein summativ: Die möglicherweise in der MRT vorhandenen kardialen Veränderungen lassen sich durch die PET in aktive inflammatorische (und somit noch potenziell reversible) Prozesse oder ältere chronische (irreversible) Narben unterscheiden. Die kardiale Sarkoidose mit einem potenziellen Nebeneinander von aktiven und chronischen Veränderungen bietet sich an, um die Stärken einer hybriden PET/MRT zur Geltung bringen zu lassen. Wichtig für eine aussagekräftige kardiale PET ist eine gute Vorbereitung mit Low-Carb-Diät, um eine suffiziente Suppression der myokardialen Glukoseaufnahme zu gewährleisten.
Empfehlungen
Die Diagnostik einer inflammatorischen Herzerkrankung sowie deren Charakterisierung in akut vs. chronische Prozesse gelingt mit der kardialen Hybrid-PET/MRT, wie am Beispiel der kardialen Sarkoidose gezeigt werden konnte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Krumm
- Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
| | - Simon Greulich
- Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuklearmedizin und Klinische Molekulare Bildgebung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
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20
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PET/MR imaging in gynecologic cancer: tips for differentiating normal gynecologic anatomy and benign pathology versus cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:3189-3204. [PMID: 34687323 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) is used in the pre-treatment and surveillance settings to evaluate women with gynecologic malignancies, including uterine, cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers. PET/MR combines the excellent spatial and contrast resolution of MR imaging for gynecologic tissues, with the functional metabolic information of PET, to aid in a more accurate assessment of local disease extent and distant metastatic disease. In this review, the optimal protocol and utility of whole-body PET/MR imaging in patients with gynecologic malignancies will be discussed, with an emphasis on the advantages of PET/MR over PET/CT and how to differentiate normal or benign gynecologic tissues from cancer in the pelvis.
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21
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Crafa F, Vanella S, Catalano OA, Pomykala KL, Baiamonte M. Role of one-step nucleic acid amplification in colorectal cancer lymph node metastases detection. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4019-4043. [PMID: 36157105 PMCID: PMC9403438 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i30.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current histopathological staging procedures in colorectal cancer (CRC) depend on midline division of the lymph nodes (LNs) with one section of hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cancer cells outside this transection line may be missed, which could lead to understaging of Union for International Cancer Control Stage II high-risk patients. The one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay has emerged as a rapid molecular diagnostic tool for LN metastases detection. It is a molecular technique that can analyze the entire LN tissue using a reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction to detect tumor-specific cytokeratin 19 mRNA. Our findings suggest that the OSNA assay has a high diagnostic accuracy in detecting metastatic LNs in CRC and a high negative predictive value. OSNA is a standardized, observer-independent technique, which may lead to more accurate staging. It has been suggested that in stage II CRC, the upstaging can reach 25% and these patients can access postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, intraoperative OSNA sentinel node evaluation may allow early CRC to be treated with organ-preserving surgery, while in more advanced-stage disease, a tailored lymphadenectomy can be performed considering the presence of aberrant lymphatic drainage and skip metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crafa
- Division of General and Surgical Oncology, St. Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Center of National Excellence and High Specialty, Avellino 83100, Italy
| | - Serafino Vanella
- Division of General and Surgical Oncology, St. Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Center of National Excellence and High Specialty, Avellino 83100, Italy
| | - Onofrio A Catalano
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Kelsey L Pomykala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Mario Baiamonte
- Division of General and Surgical Oncology, St. Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Center of National Excellence and High Specialty, Avellino 83100, Italy
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22
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Agarwal A, Kanekar S. Headache Attributed to Disorder of the Cranium and Base of the Skull. Neurol Clin 2022; 40:563-589. [PMID: 35871785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The article describes the approach to imaging that clinicians should adopt in cases of headaches suspected to be secondary to cranial vault or skull-base disorder. As a rule, computed tomography (CT) is superior to MRI for most of the osseous lesions, and lesions of the middle and external ear. MRI provides a complimentary role to CT and is the modality of choice in a few conditions such as extraosseous neoplasms of the skull base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Sangam Kanekar
- Radiology Research, Division of Neuroradiology, Penn State Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Mail Code H066 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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23
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Solnik M, Paduszyńska N, Czarnecka AM, Synoradzki KJ, Yousef YA, Chorągiewicz T, Rejdak R, Toro MD, Zweifel S, Dyndor K, Fiedorowicz M. Imaging of Uveal Melanoma—Current Standard and Methods in Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133147. [PMID: 35804919 PMCID: PMC9265106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma is the most prevalent intraocular tumor in adults, derived from melanocytes; the liver is the most common site of its metastases. Due to troublesome tumor localization, different imaging techniques are utilized in diagnostics, i.e., fundus imaging (FI), ultrasonography (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), or fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Specialists eagerly use these techniques, but sometimes the precision and quality of the obtained images are imperfect, raising diagnostic doubts and prompting the search for new ones. In addition to analyzing the currently utilized methods, this review also introduces experimental techniques that may be adapted to clinical practice in the future. Moreover, we raise the topic and present a perspective for personalized medicine in uveal melanoma treatment. Abstract Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by an insidious onset and poor prognosis strongly associated with tumor size and the presence of distant metastases, most commonly in the liver. Contrary to most tumor identification, a biopsy followed by a pathological exam is used only in certain cases. Therefore, an early and noninvasive diagnosis is essential to enhance patients’ chances for early treatment. We reviewed imaging modalities currently used in the diagnostics of uveal melanoma, including fundus imaging, ultrasonography (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), as well as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The principle of imaging techniques is briefly explained, along with their role in the diagnostic process and a summary of their advantages and limitations. Further, the experimental data and the advancements in imaging modalities are explained. We describe UM imaging innovations, show their current usage and development, and explain the possibilities of utilizing such modalities to diagnose uveal melanoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Solnik
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (N.P.)
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Natalia Paduszyńska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (N.P.)
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil J. Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yacoub A. Yousef
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman 11941, Jordan;
| | - Tomasz Chorągiewicz
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, Federico II University, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandrine Zweifel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Katarzyna Dyndor
- Department of Radiography, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Yu H, Gu Y, Fan W, Gao Y, Wang M, Zhu X, Wu Z, Liu J, Li B, Wu H, Cheng Z, Wang S, Zhang Y, Xu B, Li S, Shi H. Expert consensus on oncological [ 18F]FDG total-body PET/CT imaging (version 1). Eur Radiol 2022; 33:615-626. [PMID: 35751696 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND [18F]FDG imaging on total-body PET/CT (TB PET/CT) scanners, with improved sensitivity, offers new potentials for cancer diagnosis, staging, and radiation treatment planning. This consensus provides the protocols for clinical practices with a goal of paving the way for future studies with the total-body scanners in oncological [18F]FDG TB PET/CT imaging. METHODS The consensus was summarized based on the published guidelines and peer-reviewed articles of TB PET/CT in the literature, along with the opinions of the experts from major research institutions with a total of 40,000 cases performed on the TB PET/CT scanners. RESULTS This consensus describes the protocols for routine and dynamic [18F]FDG TB PET/CT scanning focusing on the reduction of imaging acquisition time and FDG injected activity, which may serve as a reference for research and clinic oncological PET/CT studies. CONCLUSION This expert consensus focuses on the reduction of acquisition time and FDG injected activity with a TB PET/CT scanner, which may improve the patient throughput or reduce the radiation exposure in daily clinical oncologic imaging. KEY POINTS • [18F]FDG-imaging protocols for oncological total-body PET/CT with reduced acquisition time or with different FDG activity levels have been summarized from multicenter studies. • Total-body PET/CT provides better image quality and improved diagnostic insights. • Clinical workflow and patient management have been improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yushen Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651 Dongfendong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yongju Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Noval Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Noval Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging Precision Medicine, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hubing Wu
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhaoping Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Baixuan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging Precision Medicine, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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25
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Impact of CT-Based and MRI-Based Attenuation Correction Methods on 18 F-FDG PET Quantification Using PET Phantoms. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Rasul S, Beitzke D, Wollenweber T, Rausch I, Lassen ML, Stelzmüller ME, Mitterhauser M, Pichler V, Beyer T, Loewe C, Hacker M. Assessment of left and right ventricular functional parameters using dynamic dual-tracer [ 13N]NH3 and [ 18F]FDG PET/MRI. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:1003-1017. [PMID: 33094471 PMCID: PMC9163002 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) can assess various cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we intra-individually compared right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) parameters obtained from dual-tracer PET/MRI scan. METHODS In 22 patients with coronary heart disease (69 ± 9 years) dynamic [13N]NH3 (NH3) and [18F]FDG (FDG) PET scans were acquired. The first 2 minutes were used to calculate LV and RV first-pass ejection fraction (FPEF). Additionally, LV end-systolic (LVESV) and end-diastolic (LVEDV) volume and ejection fraction (LVEF) were calculated from the early (EP) and late-myocardial phases (LP). MRI served as a reference. RESULTS RVFPEF and LVFPEF from FDG and NH3 as well as RVEF and LVEF from MRI were (28 ± 11%, 32 ± 15%), (32 ± 11%, 41 ± 14%) and (42 ± 16%, 45 ± 19%), respectively. LVESV, LVEDV and LVEF from EP FDG and NH3 in 8 and 16 gates were [71 (15 to 213 mL), 98 (16 to 241 mL), 32 ± 17%] and [50 (17 to 206 mL), 93 (13 to 219 mL), 36 ± 17%] as well as [60 (19 to 360 mL), 109 (56 to 384 mL), 41 ± 22%] and [54 (16 to 371 mL), 116 (57 to 431 mL), 46 ± 24%], respectively. Moreover, LVESV, LVEDV and LVEF acquired from LP FDG and NH3 were (85 ± 63 mL, 138 ± 63 mL, 47 ± 19%) and (79 ± 56 mL, 137 ± 63 mL, 47 ± 20%), respectively. The LVESV, LVEDV from MRI were 93 ± 66 mL and 153 ± 71 mL, respectively. Significant correlations were observed for RVFPEF and LVFPEF between FDG and MRI (R = .51, P = .01; R = .64, P = .001), respectively. LVESV, LVEDV, and LVEF revealed moderate to strong correlations to MRI when they acquired from EP FDG and NH3 in 16 gates (all R > .7, P = .000). Similarly, all LV parameters from LP FDG and NH3 correlated good to strongly positive with MRI (all R > .7, and P < .001), except EDV from NH3 weakly correlated to EDV of MRI (R = .54, P < .05). Generally, Bland-Altman plots showed good agreements between PET and MRI. CONCLUSIONS Deriving LV and RV functional values from various phases of dynamic NH3 and FDG PET is feasible. These results could open a new perspective for further clinical applications of the PET examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazan Rasul
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Floor 5L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietrich Beitzke
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Wollenweber
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Floor 5L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- QIMP Team, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Lyngby Lassen
- QIMP Team, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Floor 5L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Floor 5L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Beyer
- QIMP Team, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Loewe
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Floor 5L, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Yitbarek D, Dagnaw GG. Application of Advanced Imaging Modalities in Veterinary Medicine: A Review. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 13:117-130. [PMID: 35669942 PMCID: PMC9166686 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s367040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary anatomy has traditionally relied on detailed dissections to produce anatomical illustrations, but modern imaging modalities, now represent an enormous resource that allows for fast non-invasive visualizations in living animals for clinical and research purposes. In this review, advanced anatomical imaging modalities and their applications, safety issues, challenges, and future prospects of the techniques commonly employed for animal imaging would be highlighted. The quality of diagnostic imaging equipment in veterinary practice has greatly improved. Recent advances made in veterinary advanced imaging specifically about cross-sectional modalities (CT and MRI), nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT), and dual imaging modalities (PET/CT, PET/MR, and SPECT/CT) have become widely available, leading to greater demands and expectations from veterinary clients. These modalities allow for the creation of three-dimensional representations that can be of considerable value in the dissemination of clinical diagnosis and anatomical studies. Despite, the modern imaging modalities well established in developed countries across the globe, it is yet to remain in its infancy stage in veterinary practice in developing countries due to heavy initial investment and maintenance costs, lack of expert interpretation, a requirement of specialized technical staff and need of adjustable machines to accommodate the different range of animal sizes. Therefore, veterinarians should take advantage of these imaging techniques in designing future experiments by considering the availability of these varied imaging modalities and the creation of three-dimensional graphical representations of internal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gashaw Getaneh Dagnaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Gashaw Getaneh Dagnaw, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, Email
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Akram MSH, Obata T, Nishikido F, Yamaya T. Study on the RF transparency of electrically floating and ground PET inserts in a 3T clinical MRI system. Med Phys 2022; 49:2965-2978. [PMID: 35271749 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The positron emission tomography (PET) insert for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system that implements the radiofrequency (RF) built-in body coil of the MRI system as a transmitter is designed to be RF-transparent, as the coil resides outside the RF-shielded PET ring. This approach reduces the design complexities (e.g., large PET ring diameter) related to implementing a transmit coil inside the PET ring. However, achieving the required field transmission into the imaging region of interest (ROI) becomes challenging because of the RF shield of the PET insert. In this study, a modularly RF-shielded PET insert is used to investigate the RF transparency considering two electrical configurations of the RF shield, namely the electrical floating and ground configurations. The purpose is to find the differences, advantages and disadvantages of these two configurations. METHODS Eight copper-shielded PET detector modules (intermodular gap: 3 mm) were oriented cylindrically with an inner-diameter of 234 mm. Each PET module included four-layer LYSO scintillation crystal blocks and front-end readout electronics. RF-shielded twisted-pair cables were used to connect the front-end electronics with the power sources and PET data acquisition systems located outside the MRI room. In the ground configuration, both the detector and cable shields were connected to the RF ground of the MRI system. In the floating configuration, only the RF shields of the PET modules were isolated from the RF ground. Experiments were conducted using two cylindrical homogeneous phantoms in a 3T clinical MRI system, in which the built-in body RF coil (a cylindrical volume coil of diameter 700 mm and length 540 mm) was implemented as a transceiver. RESULTS For both PET configurations, the RF and MR imaging performances were lower than those for the MRI-only case, and the MRI-system provided SAR values that were almost double. The RF homogeneity and field strength, and the SNR of the MR images were mostly higher for the floating PET configuration than they were for the ground PET configuration. However, for a shorter axial FOV of 125 mm, both configurations offered almost the same performance with high RF homogeneities (e.g., 76 ± 10%). Moreover, for both PET configurations, 56 ± 6% larger RF pulse amplitudes were required for MR imaging purposes. The increased power is mostly absorbed in the conductive shields in the form of shielding RF eddy currents; as a result, the SAR values only in the phantoms were estimated to be close to the MRI-only values. CONCLUSIONS The floating PET configuration showed higher RF transparency under all experimental setups. For a relatively short axial FOV of 125 mm, the ground configuration also performed well which indicated that an RF-penetrable PET insert with the conventional design (e.g., the ground configuration) might also become possible. However, some design modifications (e.g., a wider intermodular gap and using the RF receiver coil inside the PET insert) should improve the RF performance to the level of the MRI-only case. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossain Akram
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science in the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 263-8555 Chiba, Inage, Anagawa 4-9-1, Japan
| | - Takayuki Obata
- Department of Applied MRI Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences in the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (NIRS-QST), 263-8555 Chiba, Inage, Anagawa 4-9-1, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishikido
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science in the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 263-8555 Chiba, Inage, Anagawa 4-9-1, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical Science in the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 263-8555 Chiba, Inage, Anagawa 4-9-1, Japan
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Disselhorst JA, Newport DF, Schmid AM, Schmidt FP, Parl C, Liu CC, Pichler BJ, Mannheim JG. NEMA NU 4-2008 performance evaluation and MR compatibility tests of an APD-based small animal PET-insert for simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An avalanche photodiode (APD)-based small animal positron emission tomography (PET)-insert was fully evaluated for its PET performance, as well as potential influences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance. This PET-insert has an extended axial field of view (FOV) compared with the previous design to increase system sensitivity, as well as an updated cooling and temperature regulation to enable stable and reproducible PET acquisitions. The PET performance was evaluated according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU4-2008 protocol. The energy and timing resolution’s full width at half maximum were 16.1% and 4.7 ns, respectively. The reconstructed radial spatial resolution of the PET-insert was 1.8 mm full width at half maximum at the center FOV using filtered back projection for reconstruction and sensitivity was 3.68%. The peak noise equivalent count rates were 70 kcps for a rat-like and 350 kcps for a mouse-like phantom, respectively. Image quality phantom values and contrast recovery were comparable to state-of-the art PET-inserts and standalone systems. Regarding MR compatibility, changes in the mean signal-to-noise ratio for turbo spin echo and echo-planar imaging sequences were below 8.6%, for gradient echo sequences below 1%. Degradation of the mean homogeneity was below 2.3% for all tested sequences. The influence of the PET-insert on the B
0 maps was negligible and no influence on functional MRI sequences was detected. A mouse and rat imaging study demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo simultaneous PET/MRI.
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30
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Queiroz MA, Ortega CD, Ferreira FR, Capareli FC, Nahas SC, Cerri GG, Buchpiguel CA. Value of Primary Rectal Tumor PET/MRI in the Prediction of Synchronic Metastatic Disease. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:453-463. [PMID: 34755248 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the associations between positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features for primary rectal tumors and metastases. PROCEDURES Between November 2016 and April 2018, 101 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were included in this prospective study (NCT02537340) for whole-body PET/MRI for baseline staging. Two readers analyzed the PET/MRI; they assessed the semiquantitative PET features of the primary tumor and the N- and M-stages. Another reader analyzed the MRI features for locoregional staging. The reference standard for confirming metastatic disease was biopsy or imaging follow-up. Non-parametric tests were used to compare the PET/MRI features of the participants with or without metastatic disease. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between the primary tumor PET/MRI features and metastatic disease. RESULTS A total of 101 consecutive participants (median age 62 years; range: 33-87 years) were included. Metastases were detected in 35.6% (36 of 101) of the participants. Among the PET/MRI features, higher tumor lesion glycolysis (352.95 vs 242.70; P = .46) and metabolic tumor volume (36.15 vs 26.20; P = .03) were more frequent in patients with than in those without metastases. Additionally, patients with metastases had a higher incidence of PET-positive (64% vs 32%; P = .009) and MRI-positive (56% vs 32%; P = .03) mesorectal lymph nodes, extramural vascular invasion (86% vs 49%; P > .001), and involvement of mesorectal fascia (64% vs 42%; P = .04); there were also differences between the mrT stages of these two groups (P = .008). No differences in the maximum standardized uptake values for the primary tumors in patients with and without metastases were observed (18.9 vs 19.1; P = .56). Multivariable logistic regression showed that extramural vascular invasion on MRI was the only significant predictor (adjusted odds ratio, 3.8 [95% CI: 1.1, 13.9]; P = .001). CONCLUSION PET/MRI facilitated the identification of participants with a high risk of metastatic disease, though these findings were based mainly on MRI features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Queiroz
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua Doutor Ovidio Pires de Campos, 872, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia D Ortega
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Ferreira
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Capareli
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio C Nahas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanni G Cerri
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Buchpiguel
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua Doutor Ovidio Pires de Campos, 872, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil
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Watanabe M, Kawai-Miyake K, Fushimi Y, Ishimori T, Nakajima A, Yoshimura M, Kikuchi M, Ohno K, Nakamoto Y. Application of a Flexible PET Scanner Combined with 3 T MRI Using Non-local Means Reconstruction: Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison with Whole-Body PET/CT. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:167-176. [PMID: 34642900 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Flexible positron emission tomography (fxPET) employing a non-local means reconstruction algorithm was designed to fit existing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. We aimed to compare the qualitative and quantitative performance of fxPET among fxPET with MR-based attenuation correction (MRAC), fxPET with CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC) using CT as a part of WB PET/CT, and whole-body (WB) PET/CT. PROCEDURES Sixteen patients with suspected head and neck cancer underwent 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose WB PET/CT scans, followed by fxPET and 3 T MRI scans. Phantom data were compared among the three datasets. For registration accuracy, we measured the distance between the center of the tumor determined by fxPET and that in MRI. We compared image quality, detection rates, and quantitative values including maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and tumor-to-muscle ratio (TMR) among the three datasets. RESULTS The phantom data in fxPET, except the percent contrast recoveries of 17-mm and 22-mm hot spheres, were inferior to those in WB PET/CT. The mean registration accuracy was 4.4 mm between fxPET using MRAC and MRI. The image quality was comparable between two fxPET datasets, but significantly inferior to WB PET/CT (p < 0.0001). In contrast, detection rates were comparable among the three datasets. SUVmax was significantly higher, and MTV and TLG were significantly lower in the two fxPET datasets compared with the WB PET/CT dataset (p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in SUVmax, MTV, and TLG between the two fxPET datasets or in TMR among the three datasets. All quantitative values had significantly positive correlations. CONCLUSIONS Compared with WB PET/CT, the phantom data and image quality were inferior in fxPET. However, the results of the detection rates and quantitative values suggested the clinical feasibility of fxPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Watanabe
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kanae Kawai-Miyake
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ishimori
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Aya Nakajima
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michio Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kikuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ohno
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kyoto College of Medical Science, 1-3 Imakita, Oyamahigashi-cho, Sonobe-cho, Nantan, Kyoto, 622-0041, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Klain M, Maurea S, Gaudieri V, Zampella E, Volpe F, Manganelli M, Piscopo L, De Risi M, Cuocolo A. The diagnostic role of total-body 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with multiple tumors: a report of the association of thyroid cancer with lung or renal tumors. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:4211-4215. [PMID: 34476200 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Klain
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Maurea
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Gaudieri
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Zampella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Volpe
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Leandra Piscopo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina De Risi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Cohen O, John MM, Kaufman AE, Kundel V, Burschtin O, Khan S, Fayad Z, Mani V, Shah NA. Novel non-invasive assessment of upper airway inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea using positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:1087-1096. [PMID: 34448065 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel non-invasive technique to quantify upper airway inflammation using positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS Patients with treatment naïve moderate-to-severe OSA underwent [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET/MRI. Three readers independently performed tracings of the pharyngeal soft tissue on MRI. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were generated from region of interest (ROI) tracings on corresponding PET images. Background SUV was measured from the sternocleidomastoid muscle. SUV and target-to-background (TBR) were compared across readers using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses. SUV from individual image slices were compared between each reader using Bland-Altman plots and Pearson correlation coefficients. All tracings were repeated by one reader for assessment of intra-reader reliability. RESULTS Five participants completed our imaging protocol and analysis. Median age, body mass index, and apnea-hypopnea index were 41 years (IQR 40.5-68.5), 32.7 kg/m2 (IQR 28.1-38.1), and 30.7 event per hour (IQR 19.5-48.1), respectively. The highest metabolic activity regions were consistently localized to palatine or lingual tonsil adjacent mucosa. Twenty-five ICC met criteria for excellent agreement. The remaining three were TBR measurements which met criteria for good agreement. Head-to-head comparisons revealed strong correlation between each reader. CONCLUSIONS Our novel imaging technique demonstrated reliable quantification of upper airway FDG avidity. This technology has implications for future work exploring local airway inflammation in individuals with OSA and exposure to pollutants. It may also serve as an assessment tool for response to OSA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Cohen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mira M John
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Audrey E Kaufman
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Kundel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar Burschtin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samira Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahi Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neomi A Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Brancato V, Borrelli P, Alfano V, Picardi M, Mascalchi M, Nicolai E, Salvatore M, Aiello M. The impact of MR-based attenuation correction in spinal cord FDG-PET/MR imaging for neurological studies. Med Phys 2021; 48:5924-5934. [PMID: 34369590 PMCID: PMC9293017 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Positron emission tomography (PET) attenuation correction (AC) in positron emission tomography‐magnetic resonance (PET/MR) scanners constitutes a critical and barely explored issue in spinal cord investigation, mainly due to the limitations in accounting for highly attenuating bone structures which surround the spinal canal. Our study aims at evaluating the clinical suitability of MR‐driven AC (MRAC) for 18‐fluorodeoxy‐glucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET) in spinal cord. Methods Thirty‐six patients, undergoing positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET/CT) and PET/MR in the same session for oncological examination, were retrospectively analyzed. For each patient, raw PET data from PET/MR scanner were reconstructed with 4‐ and 5‐class MRAC maps, generated by hybrid PET/MR system (PET_MRAC4 and PET_MRAC5, respectively, where PET_MRAC is PET images reconstructed using MR‐based attenuation correction map), and an AC map derived from CT data after a custom co‐registration pipeline (PET_rCTAC, where PET_rCTAC is PET images reconstructed using CT‐based attenuation correction map), which served as reference. Mean PET standardized uptake values (SUVm) were extracted from the three reconstructed PET images by regions of interest (ROIs) identified on T2‐weighted MRI, in the spinal cord, lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and vertebral marrow at five levels (C2, C5, T6, T12, and L3). SUVm values from PET_MRAC4 and PET_MRAC5 were compared with each other and with the reference by means of paired t‐test, and correlated using Pearson's correlation (r) to assess their consistency. Cohen's d was calculated to assess the magnitude of differences between PET images. Results SUVmvalues from PET_MRAC4 were lower than those from PET_MRAC5 in almost all analyzed ROIs, with a mean difference ranging from 0.03 to 0.26 (statistically significant in the vertebral marrow at C2 and C5, spinal cord at T6 and T2, and CSF at L3). This was also confirmed by the effect size, with highest values at low spinal levels (d = 0.45 at T12 in spinal cord, d = 0.95 at L3 in CSF). SUVm values from PET_MRAC4 and PET_MRAC5 showed a very good correlation (0.81 < r < 0.97, p < 0.05) in all spinal ROIs. Underestimation of SUVm between PET_MRAC4 and PET_rCTAC was observed at each level, with a mean difference ranging from 0.02 to 0.32 (statistically significant in the vertebral marrow at C2 and T6, and CSF at L3). Although PET_MRAC5 underestimates PET_rCTAC (mean difference ranging from 0.02 to 0.3), an overall decrease in effect size could be observed for PET_MRAC5, mainly at lower spinal levels (T12, L3). SUVm from both PET_MRAC4 and PET_MRAC5 methods showed r value from good to very good with respect to PET_rCTAC (0.67 < r < 0.9 and 0.73 < r < 0.94, p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions Our results showed that neglecting bones in AC can underestimate the FDG uptake measurement of the spinal cord. The inclusion of bones in MRAC is far from negligible and improves the AC in spinal cord, mainly at low spinal levels. Therefore, care must be taken in the spinal canal region, and the use of AC map reconstruction methods accounting for bone structures could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Picardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Mascalchi
- «Mario Serio» Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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Kong W, Jang H, Carenini G, Field TS. Exploring neural models for predicting dementia from language. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2020.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zampella E, Klain M, Pace L, Cuocolo A. PET/CT in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Diagn Interv Imaging 2021; 102:515-523. [PMID: 33926848 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The standard treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) consists of surgery followed by iodine-131 (131I) administration. Although the majority of DTC has a very good prognosis, more aggressive histologic subtypes convey a worse prognosis. Follow-up consists of periodically measurements of serum thyroglobulin, thyroglobulin antibodies and neck ultrasound and 123I/131I whole-body scan. However, undifferentiated thyroid tumors have a lower avidity for radioiodine and the ability of DTC to concentrate 131I may be lost in metastatic disease. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been introduced in the evaluation of patients with thyroid tumors and the 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyd-glucose (18F-FDG) has been largely validated as marker of cell's metabolism. According to the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines, 18F-FDG PET/CT is recommended in the follow-up of high-risk patients with elevated serum thyroglobulin and negative 131I imaging, in the assessment of metastatic patients, for lesion detection and risk stratification and in predicting the response to therapy. It should be considered that well-differentiated iodine avid lesions could not concentrate 18F-FDG, and a reciprocal pattern of iodine and 18F-FDG uptake has been observed. Beyond 18F-FDG, other tracers are available for PET imaging of thyroid tumors, such as Iodine-124 (124I), 18F-tetrafluoroborate and Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen. Moreover, the recent introduction of PET/MRI, offers now several opportunities in the field of patients with DTC. This review summarizes the evidences on the role of PET/CT in management of patients with DTC, focusing on potential applications and on elucidating some still debating points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Zampella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele Klain
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pace
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Bentourkia M. Quantitative Analysis in PET Imaging. BASIC SCIENCES OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021:551-571. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65245-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Saadat M, Manshadi MKD, Mohammadi M, Zare MJ, Zarei M, Kamali R, Sanati-Nezhad A. Magnetic particle targeting for diagnosis and therapy of lung cancers. J Control Release 2020; 328:776-791. [PMID: 32920079 PMCID: PMC7484624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the growing interest in targeted lung cancer therapy has guided researchers toward the cutting edge of controlled drug delivery, particularly magnetic particle targeting. Targeting of tissues by magnetic particles has tackled several limitations of traditional drug delivery methods for both cancer detection (e.g., using magnetic resonance imaging) and therapy. Delivery of magnetic particles offers the key advantage of high efficiency in the local deposition of drugs in the target tissue with the least harmful effect on other healthy tissues. This review first overviews clinical aspects of lung morphology and pathogenesis as well as clinical features of lung cancer. It is followed by reviewing the advances in using magnetic particles for diagnosis and therapy of lung cancers: (i) a combination of magnetic particle targeting with MRI imaging for diagnosis and screening of lung cancers, (ii) magnetic drug targeting (MDT) through either intravenous injection and pulmonary delivery for lung cancer therapy, and (iii) computational simulations that models new and effective approaches for magnetic particle drug delivery to the lung, all supporting improved lung cancer treatment. The review further discusses future opportunities to improve the clinical performance of MDT for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer and highlights clinical therapy application of the MDT as a new horizon to cure with minimal side effects a wide variety of lung diseases and possibly other acute respiratory syndromes (COVID-19, MERS, and SARS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Saadat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad K D Manshadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Zarei
- Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reza Kamali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, 71345 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Öztürk H. PET/MRI: The future of cancer restaging. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 25:100250. [PMID: 33276287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The re-staging of cancer is one of the main oncological problems faced in the present day. Restaging can lead to the emergence of surgical therapy alternatives for a down-staged cancer, or to the consideration of secondary or tertiary chemotherapies for an up-staged cancer. That said, with the application of one of the surgical, radiotheraphy(RT) or chemotherapy(CT) protocols, complications may occur, and restaging becomes difficult. Another difficulty may be encountered in explaining to the patient that additional therapy protocols may be needed after an accurate restaging. After surgery, RT or CT, renal, hepatic and bone marrow reserves may severely be decreased, and since the primary therapy protocol may reduce significantly the patient's performance status, "accurate restaging" is the most important problem to be resolved when planning further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Öztürk
- Department of Urology, Medicalpark Izmir Hospital, Yeni Girne Boulevard 1825 St. No: 12, 35350, Karsiyaka-Izmir, Turkey.
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Khalaf S, Al-Mallah MH. Fluorodeoxyglucose Applications in Cardiac PET: Viability, Inflammation, Infection, and Beyond. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2020; 16:122-129. [PMID: 32670472 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-16-2-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With its high temporal and spatial resolution and relatively low radiation exposure, positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly being used in the management of cardiac patients, particularly those with inflammatory cardiomyopathies such as sarcoidosis. This review discusses the role of PET imaging in assessing myocardial viability, inflammatory cardiomyopathies, and endocarditis; describes the different protocols needed to acquire images for specific imaging tests; and examines imaging interpretation for each image dataset-including identification of the mismatch defect in viability imaging, which is associated with significant improvement in LV function after revascularization. We also review the role of fluorodeoxyglucose PET in cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosis, the complementary role of magnetic resonance imaging in inflammatory cardiomyopathy, and the emerging use of cardiac PET in prosthetic valve endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaden Khalaf
- HOUSTON METHODIST DEBAKEY HEART & VASCULAR CENTER, HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- HOUSTON METHODIST DEBAKEY HEART & VASCULAR CENTER, HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS
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Abstract
Cardiac PET/MR imaging is an integrated imaging approach that requires less radiation than PET/computed tomography and combines the high spatial resolution and morphologic data from MR imaging with the physiologic information from PET. This hybrid approach has the potential to improve the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of several cardiovascular conditions, such as ischemic heart disease, infiltrative diseases such as sarcoidosis, acute and chronic myocarditis, and cardiac masses. Herein, the authors discuss the strengths of PET and MR imaging in several cardiovascular conditions; the challenges and potential; and the current data on the application of this powerful hybrid imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhanderson Cardoso
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 547, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thorsten M Leucker
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 547, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Wang Z, Mascarenhas C, Jia X. Positron Emission Tomography After Ischemic Brain Injury: Current Challenges and Future Developments. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:628-642. [PMID: 31939060 PMCID: PMC7347441 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in clinical and animal studies, along with the development of diverse tracers. The biochemical characteristics of PET tracers may help uncover the pathophysiological consequences of cardiac arrest (CA) and ischemic stroke, which include cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, depletion of oxygen and glucose, and neuroinflammation. PubMed was searched for studies of the application of PET for "cardiac arrest," "ischemic stroke," and "targeted temperature management." Available studies were included and classified according to the biochemical properties involved and metabolic processes of PET tracers, and were summarized. The mechanisms of ischemic brain injuries were investigated by PET with various tracers to elucidate the pathological process from the initial decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the subsequent abnormalities in energy and oxygen metabolism, to the monitoring of inflammation. In general, the trends of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism after ischemic attack are not unidirectional but closely related to the time point of injury and recovery. Glucose metabolism after injury showed significant differences in different brain regions whereas global cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) declined. PET monitoring of neuroinflammation shows comparable efficacy to immunostaining. The technology of PET targeting in brain metabolism and the development of tracers provide new tools to track and evaluate the brain's pathological changes after ischemic brain injury. Despite no existing evidence for an available PET-based prediction method, discoveries of new tracers are expected to provide more possibilities for the whole field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 43007, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Conrad Mascarenhas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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The impact of atlas-based MR attenuation correction on the diagnosis of FDG-PET/MR for Alzheimer's diseases- A simulation study combining multi-center data and ADNI-data. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233886. [PMID: 32492074 PMCID: PMC7269241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of vendor-provided atlas-based MRAC on FDG PET/MR for the evaluation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by using simulated images. Methods We recruited 47 patients, from two institutions, who underwent PET/CT and PET/MR (GE SIGNA) examination for oncological staging. From the PET raw data acquired on PET/MR, two FDG-PET series were generated, using vendor-provided MRAC (atlas-based) and CTAC. The following simulation steps were performed in MNI space: After spatial normalization and smoothing of the PET datasets, we calculated the error map for each patient, PETMRAC/PETCTAC. We multiplied each of these 47 error maps with each of the 203 Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cases after the identical normalization and smoothing. This resulted in 203*47 = 9541 datasets. To evaluate the probability of AD in each resulting image, a cumulative t-value was calculated automatically using commercially-available software (PMOD PALZ) which has been used in multiple large cohort studies. The diagnostic accuracy for the discrimination of AD and predicting progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD were evaluated in simulated images compared with ADNI original images. Results The accuracy and specificity for the discrimination of AD-patients from normal controls were not substantially impaired, but sensitivity was slightly impaired in 5 out of 47 datasets (original vs. error; 83.2% [CI 75.0%-89.0%], 83.3% [CI 74.2%-89.8%] and 83.1% [CI 75.6%-88.3%] vs. 82.7% [range 80.4–85.0%], 78.5% [range 72.9–83.3%,] and 86.1% [range 81.4–89.8%]). The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for predicting progression from MCI to AD during 2-year follow-up was not impaired (original vs. error; 62.5% [CI 53.3%-69.3%], 78.8% [CI 65.4%-88.6%] and 54.0% [CI 47.0%-69.1%] vs. 64.8% [range 61.5–66.7%], 75.7% [range 66.7–81.8%,] and 59.0% [range 50.8–63.5%]). The worst 3 error maps show a tendency towards underestimation of PET scores. Conclusion FDG-PET/MR based on atlas-based MR attenuation correction showed similar diagnostic accuracy to the CT-based method for the diagnosis of AD and the prediction of progression of MCI to AD using commercially-available software, although with a minor reduction in sensitivity.
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Adliene D, Griciene B, Skovorodko K, Laurikaitiene J, Puiso J. Occupational radiation exposure of health professionals and cancer risk assessment for Lithuanian nuclear medicine workers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109144. [PMID: 32028181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstruction and analysis of low doses received by the occupationally exposed medical radiation workers, especially nuclear medicine staff dealing with radioisotopes may significantly contribute to the understanding of radiation impact on individuals, assess and predict radiation related risks for the development of cancer or other specific diseases. METHODS A pool of 2059 annual effective doses corresponding to 272 job's positions occupied by nuclear medicine and radiology workers for a certain time period over 26 years in five Lithuanian hospitals was investigated in order to analyze the occupational exposure tendencies to medical staff. Requested data, measured in terms of whole body dose, personal dose equivalent Hp(10), was obtained from the National Register of Sources of Ionizing Radiation and Occupational Exposure. Considering that nuclear medicine staff is dealing with open sources/radioisotopes, doses to extremities, Hp(0.07), were measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) of LiF:Mg, Ti type. Lifetime risk estimations for the development of specific cancer (thyroid cancer and leukemia) for exposed radiation workers were performed using risk models included in BEIR VII report (BEIR VII, 2006). The conservative assessment of the thyroid exposure was performed using RadRAT 4.1.1 tool. RESULTS Doses to radiology technologists and radiology nurses were found to be highest over the years. However, their annual doses never exceeded dose limit of 20 mSv and were following the same decreasing tendency as the doses of other personnel. There was no increase of doses to nuclear medicine staff observed after installation of two new PET/CT machines, indicating increased radiation protection culture and application of relevant technical and protective measures by the staff. Measured fingertip doses were 2-3 times higher than the hand doses measured with TLD ring and were dependent on the type and frequency of the nuclear medicine examination procedure and on the type and activity of isotopes used for examination. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, retrospective dose evaluation for the cohort of medical radiation workers was performed in the country. It enabled estimation of lifetime attributable risk for the development of two cancer types: thyroid and leukemia cancer among occupationally exposed medical radiation staff. Projected risk was low, ~10-5, however it was found that the risk of thyroid cancer for female staff was 5.7 times higher than for the males. Obtained results will be used for the predictive assessment of possible radiation induced health effects to occupationally exposed medical radiation workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adliene
- Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - B Griciene
- Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - K Skovorodko
- Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute the Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - J Puiso
- Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Application of Image Fusion in Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10031171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the accelerated development of medical imaging equipment and techniques, image fusion technology has been effectively applied for diagnosis, biopsy and radiofrequency ablation, especially for liver tumor. Tumor treatment relying on a single medical imaging modality might face challenges, due to the deep positioning of the lesions, operation history and the specific background conditions of the liver disease. Image fusion technology has been employed to address these challenges. Using the image fusion technology, one could obtain real-time anatomical imaging superimposed by functional images showing the same plane to facilitate the diagnosis and treatments of liver tumors. This paper presents a review of the key principles of image fusion technology, its application in tumor treatments, particularly in liver tumors, and concludes with a discussion of the limitations and prospects of the image fusion technology.
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Mada MO, Hindmarch P, Stirling J, Davies J, Brian D, Barnes A, Hammers A, Gulliver N, Herholz K, O’Brien J, Taylor JP. Competencies and training of radiographers and technologists for PET/MR imaging - a study from the UK MR-PET network. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2020; 4:1. [PMID: 32025619 PMCID: PMC6976550 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-019-0070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the success of PET/CT as a clinical diagnostic tool, the introduction of PET/MRI is a natural development aimed at further improving combined diagnostic imaging and reduced ionising radiation dose for half-body imaging. As with PET and CT, the combination of PET and MRI presents a series of issues that need to be addressed regarding workforce training and education. At present, there is a lack of agreement over the competencies, training requirements and educational pathways needed for PET/MRI operation. In the UK, following the establishment of the MR-PET imaging network, a task force was created to investigate the status of the workforce training, identify gaps and make recommendations regarding staff training. To do this, we ran a national survey on the status of the workforce training and the local practices across the UK's seven PET/MRI sites, reviewed the literature, and convened a panel of experts, to assess all the evidence and make recommendations regarding PET/MRI competencies and training of nuclear medicine technologists and radiographers. RESULTS There is limited literature available specifically on competencies and training for technologists and radiographers. The recommendations on the topic needed revisiting and adapting to the UK MR-PET network. The online survey confirmed the need for developing PET/MRI competencies and training pathways. Local organisational structures and practices were shared across the seven sites, based on models derived from experience outside the UK. The panel of experts agreed on the need for PET/MRI competencies and training strategies. Professional organisations started collaborative discussions with partners from both Nuclear Medicine and Radiography to set training priorities. Multidisciplinary collaboration and partnership were suggested as a key to a successful implementation of competencies and training. CONCLUSIONS The report identified the need for establishing competencies for the PET/MRI workforce, particularly for technologists and radiographers. It also helped defining these competencies as well as identifying the demand for bespoke training and the development of local and national courses to be implemented to fulfil this new training need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ovidiu Mada
- University of Cambridge, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Box 65, Adrian Way, Cambridge, CB20QQ UK
| | - Paula Hindmarch
- Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Newcastle University, Building 15, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6BE UK
| | - James Stirling
- King’s College London, PET Centre, 1st Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - James Davies
- Invicro, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - David Brian
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Anna Barnes
- UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU UK
| | - Alexander Hammers
- King’s College London, PET Centre, 1st Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Nick Gulliver
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-CT, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Karl Herholz
- University of Manchester, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centr, 27 Palantine Road, Manchester, M20 3LJ UK
| | - John O’Brien
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 189, Adrian Way, Cambridge, CB20QQ UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Newcastle University, Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL UK
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Radiolabeled PET/MRI Nanoparticles for Tumor Imaging. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010089. [PMID: 31905769 PMCID: PMC7019574 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners opened a new scenario for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Multimodal imaging combines functional and morphological information from different modalities, which, singularly, cannot provide a comprehensive pathophysiological overview. Molecular imaging exploits multimodal imaging in order to obtain information at a biological and cellular level; in this way, it is possible to track biological pathways and discover many typical tumoral features. In this context, nanoparticle-based contrast agents (CAs) can improve probe biocompatibility and biodistribution, prolonging blood half-life to achieve specific target accumulation and non-toxicity. In addition, CAs can be simultaneously delivered with drugs or, in general, therapeutic agents gathering a dual diagnostic and therapeutic effect in order to perform cancer diagnosis and treatment simultaneous. The way for personalized medicine is not so far. Herein, we report principles, characteristics, applications, and concerns of nanoparticle (NP)-based PET/MRI CAs.
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Dell’Aversana S, Coppola M, Romeo V, Ugga L, Piccin L, Sirignano C, D’Amico A, Soscia E, Matano E, D’Armiento FP, Del Basso De Caro M, Camera L, Maurea S. Germ cell tumors in male patients without gonadal involvement: computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings and diagnostic workflow. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:2000-2007. [PMID: 31929974 PMCID: PMC6942972 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dell’Aversana
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Milena Coppola
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Romeo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ugga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Piccin
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cesare Sirignano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Soscia
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Elide Matano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo D’Armiento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Camera
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Maurea
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Farag A, Thompson RT, Thiessen JD, Butler J, Prato FS, Théberge J. Assessment of a novel 32-channel phased array for cardiovascular hybrid PET/MRI imaging: MRI performance. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2019; 3:13. [PMID: 33283144 PMCID: PMC7717874 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-019-0061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular imaging using hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires a radio frequency phased array resonator capable of high acceleration factors in order to achieve the shortest breath-holds while maintaining optimal MRI signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimum PET photon attenuation. To our knowledge, the only two arrays used today for hybrid PET/MRI cardiovascular imaging are either incapable of achieving high acceleration or affect the PET photon count greatly. PURPOSE This study is focused on the evaluation of the MRI performance of a novel third-party prototype 32-channel phased array designed for simultaneous PET/MRI cardiovascular imaging. The study compares the quality parameters of MRI parallel imaging, such as g-factor, noise correlation coefficients, and SNR, to the conventional arrays (mMR 12-channel and MRI-only 32-channel) currently used with hybrid PET/MRI systems. The quality parameters of parallel imaging were estimated for multiple acceleration factors on a phantom and three healthy volunteers. Using a Germanium-68 (Ge-68) phantom, preliminary measurements of PET photon attenuation caused by the novel array were briefly compared to the photon counts produced from no-array measurements. RESULTS The global mean of the g-factor and SNRg produced by the novel 32-channel PET/MRI array were better than those produced by the MRI-only 32-channel array by 5% or more. The novel array has resulted in MRI SNR improvements of > 30% at all acceleration factors, in comparison to the mMR12-channel array. Preliminary evaluation of PET transparency showed less than 5% photon attenuation caused by both anterior and posterior parts of the novel array. CONCLUSIONS The MRI performance of the novel PET/MRI 32-channel array qualifies it to be a viable alternative to the conventional arrays for cardiovascular hybrid PET/MRI. A detailed evaluation of the novel array's PET performance remains to be conducted, but cursory assessment promises significantly reduced attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Farag
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Division, 268 Grosvenor St., Rm E5-118, PO Box 5777, STN B, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - R. Terry Thompson
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Division, 268 Grosvenor St., Rm E5-118, PO Box 5777, STN B, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Thiessen
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Division, 268 Grosvenor St., Rm E5-118, PO Box 5777, STN B, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - John Butler
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Division, 268 Grosvenor St., Rm E5-118, PO Box 5777, STN B, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
| | - Frank S. Prato
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Division, 268 Grosvenor St., Rm E5-118, PO Box 5777, STN B, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON Canada
- St. Joseph’s Health Care, Diagnostic Imaging, London, ON Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Division, 268 Grosvenor St., Rm E5-118, PO Box 5777, STN B, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON Canada
- St. Joseph’s Health Care, Diagnostic Imaging, London, ON Canada
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