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Fischbach W, Bornschein J, Hoffmann JC, Koletzko S, Link A, Macke L, Malfertheiner P, Schütte K, Selgrad DM, Suerbaum S, Schulz C. Update S2k-Guideline Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal ulcer disease of the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:261-321. [PMID: 38364851 DOI: 10.1055/a-2181-2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Bornschein
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit John, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg C Hoffmann
- Medizinische Klinik I, St. Marien- und St. Annastiftskrankenhaus, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, LMU-Klinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alexander Link
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Lukas Macke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Campus Großhadern, Universitätsklinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Campus Großhadern, Universitätsklinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - Kerstin Schütte
- Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken Marienhospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Deutschland
| | - Dieter-Michael Selgrad
- Medizinische Klinik Gastroenterologie und Onkologie, Klinikum Fürstenfeldbruck, Fürstenfeldbruck, Deutschland
- Klinik für Innere Medizin 1, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Universität Munich, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Munich, Deutschland
- Nationales Referenzzentrum Helicobacter pylori, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Campus Großhadern, Universitätsklinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Munich, Munich, Deutschland
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Autoren, Collaborators:. Aktualisierte S2k-Leitlinie Helicobacter
pylori und gastroduodenale Ulkuskrankheit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) – Juli 2022 – AWMF-Registernummer: 021–001. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:544-606. [PMID: 37146633 DOI: 10.1055/a-1975-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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3
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Shome M, Gao W, Engelbrektson A, Song L, Williams S, Murugan V, Park JG, Chung Y, LaBaer J, Qiu J. Comparative Microbiomics Analysis of Antimicrobial Antibody Response between Patients with Lung Cancer and Control Subjects with Benign Pulmonary Nodules. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:496-504. [PMID: 36066883 PMCID: PMC10494706 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CT screening can detect lung cancer early but suffers a high false-positive rate. There is a need for molecular biomarkers that can distinguish malignant and benign indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) detected by CT scan. METHODS We profiled antibodies against 901 individual microbial antigens from 27 bacteria and 29 viruses in sera from 127 lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), 123 smoker controls (SMC), 170 benign nodule controls (BNC) individuals using protein microarrays to identify ADC and BNC specific antimicrobial antibodies. RESULTS Analyzing fourth quartile ORs, we found more antibodies with higher prevalence in the three BNC subgroups than in ADC or SMC. We demonstrated that significantly more anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies showed higher prevalence in ADC relative to SMC. We performed subgroup analysis and found that more antibodies with higher prevalence in light smokers (≤20 pack-years) compared with heavy smokers (>20 pack-years), in BNC with nodule size >1 cm than in those with ≤1 cm nodules, and in stage I ADC than in stage II and III ADC. We performed multivariate analysis and constructed antibody panels that can distinguish ADC versus SMC and ADC versus BNC with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.88 and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial antibodies have the potential to reduce the false positive rate of CT screening and provide interesting insight in lung cancer development. IMPACT Microbial infection plays an important role in lung cancer development and the formation of benign pulmonary nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasish Shome
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Weimin Gao
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | - Lusheng Song
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Stacy Williams
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Vel Murugan
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Jin G. Park
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Yunro Chung
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Ji Qiu
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Zhu W, Wang JZ, Liu Z, Wei JF. The bacteria inside human cancer cells: Mainly as cancer promoters. Front Oncol 2022; 12:897330. [PMID: 36033476 PMCID: PMC9411745 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.897330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the microbiome in human beings have become clearer with the development of next-generation sequencing techniques. Several pieces of evidence showed strong correlations between the microbiome and human health and disease, such as metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, digestive system diseases, and cancers. Among these diverse microbiomes, the role of bacteria in human cancers, especially in cancer cells, has received extensive attention. Latest studies found that bacteria widely existed in cancers, mainly in cancer cells and immune cells. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in understanding the role of bacteria in human cancer cells. We also discuss how bacteria are transported into cancer cells and their physiological significance in cancer progression. Finally, we present the prospect of bacterial therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Zi Wang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixian Liu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Shi X, Li N. Research Progress in Infectious Agents of Malignant Tumors. PROGRESS IN CHINA EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022:215-241. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-2199-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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6
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Singh SP, Ahuja V, Ghoshal UC, Makharia G, Dutta U, Zargar SA, Venkataraman J, Dutta AK, Mukhopadhyay AK, Singh A, Thapa BR, Vaiphei K, Sathiyasekaran M, Sahu MK, Rout N, Abraham P, Dalai PC, Rathi P, Sinha SK, Bhatia S, Patra S, Ghoshal U, Poddar U, Mouli VP, Kate V. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: The Bhubaneswar Consensus Report of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology. Indian J Gastroenterol 2021; 40:420-444. [PMID: 34219211 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-021-01186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) felt the need to organize a consensus on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and to update the current management of H. pylori infection; hence, ISG constituted the ISG's Task Force on Helicobacter pylori. The Task Force on H. pylori undertook an exercise to produce consensus statements on H. pylori infection. Twenty-five experts from different parts of India, including gastroenterologists, pathologists, surgeons, epidemiologists, pediatricians, and microbiologists participated in the meeting. The participants were allocated to one of following sections for the meeting: Epidemiology of H. pylori infection in India and H. pylori associated conditions; diagnosis; treatment and retreatment; H. pylori and gastric cancer, and H. pylori prevention/public health. Each group reviewed all published literature on H. pylori infection with special reference to the Indian scenario and prepared appropriate statements on different aspects for voting and consensus development. This consensus, which was produced through a modified Delphi process including two rounds of face-to-face meetings, reflects our current understanding and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of H. pylori infection. These consensus should serve as a reference for not only guiding treatment of H. pylori infection but also to guide future research on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaram Prasad Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, 753 007, India.
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Govind Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Showkat Ali Zargar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, 190 011, India
| | - Jayanthi Venkataraman
- Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, No. 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, 632 004, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Ayaskanta Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, IMS and Sum Hospital, Bhubaneswar, 756 001, India
| | - Babu Ram Thapa
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Superspeciality of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Kim Vaiphei
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Malathi Sathiyasekaran
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, 600 034, India
| | - Manoj K Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology, IMS and Sum Hospital, Bhubaneswar, 756 001, India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Department of Pathology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer, Manglabag, Cuttack, 753 007, India
| | - Philip Abraham
- P D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Cadel Road, Mahim, Mumbai, 400 016, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Dalai
- Gastro and Kidney Care Hospital, IRC Village, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751 015, India
| | - Pravin Rathi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Topiwala National Medical College and B Y L Nair Charitable Hospital, Dr Anandrao Laxman Nair Marg, Mumbai, 400 008, India
| | - Saroj K Sinha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Shobna Bhatia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Raja Rammohan Roy Road, Prarthana Samaj, Girgaon, Mumbai, 400 004, India
| | - Susama Patra
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patrapada, Bhubaneswar, 751 019, India
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Ujjal Poddar
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | | | - Vikram Kate
- Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605 006, India
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Xue K, Liu Y, Iversen KN, Mazidi M, Qu Z, Dong C, Jin T, Hallmans G, Åman P, Johansson A, He G, Landberg R. Impact of a Fermented High-Fiber Rye Diet on Helicobacter pylori and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial Among Helicobacter pylori-Positive Chinese Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 7:608623. [PMID: 33521037 PMCID: PMC7844128 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.608623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High dietary fiber intake has been associated with reduced risk of Helicobacter pylori infection and co-morbidities such as gastric cancer but also with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that fermented rye could affect Helicobacter pylori bacterial load and that high- fiber rye may be superior to wheat for improvement of several cardiometabolic risk factors, but few long-term interventions with high fiber rye foods have been conducted. Objective: To examine the effect of high-fiber wholegrain rye foods with added fermented rye bran vs. refined wheat on Helicobacter pylori infection and cardiometabolic risk markers in a Chinese population with a low habitual consumption of high fiber cereal foods. Design: A parallel dietary intervention was set up and 182 normal- or overweight men and women were randomized to consume wholegrain rye products containing fermented rye bran (FRB) or refined wheat (RW) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood sample collection and 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) were performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention as well as 12 weeks after the end of the intervention. Results: No difference between diets on Helicobacter pylori bacterial load measured by 13C-UBT breath test or in virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori in blood samples were found. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly lower in the FRB group, compared to the RW group after 12 weeks of intervention. The intervention diets did not affect markers of glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: While the results of the present study did not support any effect of FRB on Helicobacter pylori bacterial load, beneficial effects on LDL-C and hs-CRP were clearly shown. This suggest that consumption of high fiber rye foods instead of refined wheat could be one strategy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03103386.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kia Nøhr Iversen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zheng Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tayi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gengsheng He
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kim N. Reversal of the Methylation-Associated Regulation of miR-200a/b by Helicobacter pylori Eradication Contributes to the Chemoprevention of Gastric Carcinogenesis. Gut Liver 2020; 14:533-534. [PMID: 32921637 PMCID: PMC7492488 DOI: 10.5009/gnl20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Narayan J, Singh A, Mishra B, Rout N, Mallick RN, Mohanty A, Singh SP. Clinicopathological Study of Gastric Carcinoma with Special Reference to Helicobacter pylori. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 13:2021-2025. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Kim N. Chemoprevention of gastric cancer by Helicobacter pylori eradication and its underlying mechanism. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:1287-1295. [PMID: 30828872 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cascade of gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality, is multifactorial. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection plays a major role in gastric cancer (GC), and there has been an accumulation of data regarding the chemopreventive effect of HP eradication. However, it remains unclear how HP infection causes GC and how HP eradication prevents GC. To clarify this issue, the following approaches were performed in this review article. First, how HP-induced atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) provoke the development of GC is shown, followed by how long HP eradication takes to induce a reversible change in AG and IM. Second, epigenetic studies of PTPN6, MOS, DCC, CRK, and VAV1 were performed in noncancerous gastric specimens in terms of HP status. Among these genes, MOS was found to be a possible surrogate marker for GC development. HP eradication decreased aberrant DNA methylation in a gene-specific manner, and MOS played a role in metachronous gastric neoplasms. Third, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were investigated in gastric mucosa. HP infection triggered the TGF-β1-induced EMT pathway and caused the emergence of GC stem cells, such as CD44v8-10. When HP was eradicated, these two pathways were inhibited. Finally, a 2222 cohort study showed that HP eradication significantly decreased the risk of noncardiac GC. Taken together, HP eradication is effective as a primary GC prevention method, and its underlying mechanism includes reversibility of AG and IM, methylation, EMT, and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Singh A, Narayan J, Singh S. Helicobacter pylori Infection: Challenges in India. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 13:715-723. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Akl MF, Ibrahem MA, Khater A, El-Zahaf E, Farag K, Abdallah H. Etiologic and Clinicopathological Correlates of Gastric Carcinoma in the Egyptian Delta. Indian J Surg Oncol 2018; 9:472-476. [PMID: 30538374 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-018-0754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed at evaluation of the clinicoepidemiologic data of patients with gastric carcinoma in the Egyptian Delta as regards the etiologic factors, behavior, presenting symptoms, and tumor location, grade, and stage with highlighting of the treatment modalities, survival, and prognostic factors. Three hundred cases with gastric carcinoma were enrolled, diagnosed, and treated in a tertiary oncology center in the Egyptian Delta. Data were collected as regards the etiology, presenting symptoms, family history, comorbid conditions, treatment modalities, responses, recurrences, and survival outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to correlate the different clinicopathologic factors with the overall and disease-free survivals. Male to female ratio was 2:1. The median age was 43 years. The main tumor location was in the gastric body. Pain was the commonest presenting symptom (36%). Most of the cases were stage IV (42.0%). Only 49% of cases were operable. On multivariate analysis, age more than 60 years, performance status 3-4, high grade, diffuse type, T4 lesions, N2 and N3, and the presence of metastasis were independently associated with worse OS. We report a clinic-epidemiologic study of gastric carcinoma in the Egyptian delta; the age at presentation was a decade earlier than that recorded in the USA and Europe; most of the cases were sporadic, located mostly at the body. Most of the cases were presented at stage IV with poor response to neoadjuvant therapy with a poorer overall survival than that recorded in the USA and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farouk Akl
- 1Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Gomhoria Street, Mansoura City, 35511 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Awad Ibrahem
- 2Clinical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Khater
- 3Unit of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Eman El-Zahaf
- 1Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Gomhoria Street, Mansoura City, 35511 Egypt
| | - Kamel Farag
- 2Clinical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdallah
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Mit Ghamr Oncology Center, Dakahlia Governorate, Cairo, Egypt
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Jeyamani L, Jayarajan J, Leelakrishnan V, Swaminathan M. CagA and VacA genes of Helicobacter pylori and their clinical relevance. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2018; 61:66-69. [PMID: 29567886 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_234_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context : Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of a variety of gastroduodenal diseases which varies with ethnicity and the type of strains that infect the population. Aims This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori cagA and vacA genotypes in our region and to determine their relationship to the severity of the lesions that they cause. Settings and Design : This study was an observational cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods DNA was extracted from 165 gastric biopsies from patients evaluated for dyspepsia. PCR was used to detect cagA and vacA (s1, s2, m1, m2) genes of H. pylori. Statistical analysis of associations was performed between endoscopy findings and virulence genes. Statistical Analysis Used Pearson Chi-square test and Fischer's exact test. Results The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 37% and the dominant genotypes was vacA s1 cagA-positive strain (54.1%) in this study. The vacAs1 subtype was found in all patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The entire normal study group had VacA s2 variant only. This clearly shows that vacA s1 is a significant virulence marker and patients harboring s1 strains are more prone to develop ulcers (P = 0.007). There was a significant association of cagA with s1 strain rather than s2. Variation in VacA m genotype did not seem to have any association with disease status. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of cagA gene and PUD rather than the nonulcer dyspepsia (P = 0.027). Conclusion The predominant genotype in our population was cagA positive vacA s1, which was found to be significantly associated with patients with gastric diseases, especially PUD. VacA s1 can serve as a single best virulence marker of the disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Jeyamani
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Jayarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Gastroenterology, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatakrishnan Leelakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Gastroenterology, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukundan Swaminathan
- Department of Microbiology and Gastroenterology, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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In H, Langdon-Embry M, Gordon L, Schechter CB, Wylie-Rosett J, Castle PE, Margaret Kemeny M, Rapkin BD. Can a gastric cancer risk survey identify high-risk patients for endoscopic screening? A pilot study. J Surg Res 2018; 227:246-256. [PMID: 29622399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A questionnaire that distinguishes how variability in gastric cancer prevalence is associated with ethnicity/birth country/immigration/cultural diet along with known risk factors may improve targeting populations for gastric cancer screening in the United States. METHODS Existing literature was used to identify the item pool. Cluster analysis, focus groups, and cognitive interviewing were used to reduce collinear items and refine the questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which items distinguished gastric cancer cases from the primary care and community controls. RESULTS The results of analysis of data from 40 cases and 100 controls (primary care = 47; community = 53) were used to reduce the 227 item pool to 12 items. After ranking these variables using model bootstrapping, a logistic regression model using the highest ranked eight variables was chosen as the final model. Older age, foreign nativity, daily consumption of cultural food at ages 15-18, less than high-school education, and greater acculturation were significantly associated with being a gastric cancer case compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS An eight-item survey that addresses gastric cancer risk factors, ethnicity, cultural habits, and immigration patterns has potential to identify high-risk persons from multicultural areas within the US, who might benefit from endoscopic screening for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin In
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Bronx, New York; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, New York.
| | - Marisa Langdon-Embry
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Bronx, New York
| | - Lauren Gordon
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Bronx, New York
| | - Clyde B Schechter
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, New York; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Family and Social Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, New York
| | - Philip E Castle
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Bruce D Rapkin
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, New York
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15
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Best LMJ, Takwoingi Y, Siddique S, Selladurai A, Gandhi A, Low B, Yaghoobi M, Gurusamy KS, Cochrane Upper GI and Pancreatic Diseases Group. Non-invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 3:CD012080. [PMID: 29543326 PMCID: PMC6513531 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012080.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection has been implicated in a number of malignancies and non-malignant conditions including peptic ulcers, non-ulcer dyspepsia, recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding, unexplained iron deficiency anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopaenia purpura, and colorectal adenomas. The confirmatory diagnosis of H pylori is by endoscopic biopsy, followed by histopathological examination using haemotoxylin and eosin (H & E) stain or special stains such as Giemsa stain and Warthin-Starry stain. Special stains are more accurate than H & E stain. There is significant uncertainty about the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for diagnosis of H pylori. OBJECTIVES To compare the diagnostic accuracy of urea breath test, serology, and stool antigen test, used alone or in combination, for diagnosis of H pylori infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic people, so that eradication therapy for H pylori can be started. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Science Citation Index and the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Database on 4 March 2016. We screened references in the included studies to identify additional studies. We also conducted citation searches of relevant studies, most recently on 4 December 2016. We did not restrict studies by language or publication status, or whether data were collected prospectively or retrospectively. SELECTION CRITERIA We included diagnostic accuracy studies that evaluated at least one of the index tests (urea breath test using isotopes such as 13C or 14C, serology and stool antigen test) against the reference standard (histopathological examination using H & E stain, special stains or immunohistochemical stain) in people suspected of having H pylori infection. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the references to identify relevant studies and independently extracted data. We assessed the methodological quality of studies using the QUADAS-2 tool. We performed meta-analysis by using the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model to estimate and compare SROC curves. Where appropriate, we used bivariate or univariate logistic regression models to estimate summary sensitivities and specificities. MAIN RESULTS We included 101 studies involving 11,003 participants, of which 5839 participants (53.1%) had H pylori infection. The prevalence of H pylori infection in the studies ranged from 15.2% to 94.7%, with a median prevalence of 53.7% (interquartile range 42.0% to 66.5%). Most of the studies (57%) included participants with dyspepsia and 53 studies excluded participants who recently had proton pump inhibitors or antibiotics.There was at least an unclear risk of bias or unclear applicability concern for each study.Of the 101 studies, 15 compared the accuracy of two index tests and two studies compared the accuracy of three index tests. Thirty-four studies (4242 participants) evaluated serology; 29 studies (2988 participants) evaluated stool antigen test; 34 studies (3139 participants) evaluated urea breath test-13C; 21 studies (1810 participants) evaluated urea breath test-14C; and two studies (127 participants) evaluated urea breath test but did not report the isotope used. The thresholds used to define test positivity and the staining techniques used for histopathological examination (reference standard) varied between studies. Due to sparse data for each threshold reported, it was not possible to identify the best threshold for each test.Using data from 99 studies in an indirect test comparison, there was statistical evidence of a difference in diagnostic accuracy between urea breath test-13C, urea breath test-14C, serology and stool antigen test (P = 0.024). The diagnostic odds ratios for urea breath test-13C, urea breath test-14C, serology, and stool antigen test were 153 (95% confidence interval (CI) 73.7 to 316), 105 (95% CI 74.0 to 150), 47.4 (95% CI 25.5 to 88.1) and 45.1 (95% CI 24.2 to 84.1). The sensitivity (95% CI) estimated at a fixed specificity of 0.90 (median from studies across the four tests), was 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.97) for urea breath test-13C, 0.92 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.94) for urea breath test-14C, 0.84 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.91) for serology, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.90) for stool antigen test. This implies that on average, given a specificity of 0.90 and prevalence of 53.7% (median specificity and prevalence in the studies), out of 1000 people tested for H pylori infection, there will be 46 false positives (people without H pylori infection who will be diagnosed as having H pylori infection). In this hypothetical cohort, urea breath test-13C, urea breath test-14C, serology, and stool antigen test will give 30 (95% CI 15 to 58), 42 (95% CI 30 to 58), 86 (95% CI 50 to 140), and 89 (95% CI 52 to 146) false negatives respectively (people with H pylori infection for whom the diagnosis of H pylori will be missed).Direct comparisons were based on few head-to-head studies. The ratios of diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) were 0.68 (95% CI 0.12 to 3.70; P = 0.56) for urea breath test-13C versus serology (seven studies), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.14 to 5.56; P = 0.84) for urea breath test-13C versus stool antigen test (seven studies). The 95% CIs of these estimates overlap with those of the ratios of DORs from the indirect comparison. Data were limited or unavailable for meta-analysis of other direct comparisons. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In people without a history of gastrectomy and those who have not recently had antibiotics or proton ,pump inhibitors, urea breath tests had high diagnostic accuracy while serology and stool antigen tests were less accurate for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.This is based on an indirect test comparison (with potential for bias due to confounding), as evidence from direct comparisons was limited or unavailable. The thresholds used for these tests were highly variable and we were unable to identify specific thresholds that might be useful in clinical practice.We need further comparative studies of high methodological quality to obtain more reliable evidence of relative accuracy between the tests. Such studies should be conducted prospectively in a representative spectrum of participants and clearly reported to ensure low risk of bias. Most importantly, studies should prespecify and clearly report thresholds used, and should avoid inappropriate exclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence MJ Best
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical SchoolDepartment of SurgeryRowland Hill StreetLondonUKNW32PF
| | - Yemisi Takwoingi
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbastonBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad Yaghoobi
- McMaster University and McMaster University Health Sciences CentreDivision of Gastroenterology1200 Main Street WestHamiltonONCanada
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16
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Dai YK, Zhang YZ, Li DY, Ye JT, Zeng LF, Wang Q, Hu L. The efficacy of Jianpi Yiqi therapy for chronic atrophic gastritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181906. [PMID: 28738092 PMCID: PMC5524332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jianpi Yiqi therapy (JYT) is a classical therapy in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), but the clinical effects of it are still contentious. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JYT for CAG. Seven electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Springer Link, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (Chinese Scientific Journals Database), Wan-fang database, and CBM (Chinese Biomedicine Database) were searched from their inception to November 1, 2016. 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1119 participants were identified for analysis. Meta-analyses demonstrated that both JYT (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.27, 1.57; P < 0.00001) and JYT + western medicine (RR 1.27; 95% CI 1.17, 1.38; P < 0.00001) were more efficacious than only western medicine. Furthermore, JYT had potential improvement on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms scores such as stomachache, stomach distention, belching, fatigue, et al. In addition, no serious adverse events were reported in the selected trials. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool was evaluated for the weaknesses of methodological quality, while the quality level of Grades of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence classification indicated "Very low". This meta-analysis indicates that JYT may have potential effects on the treatment of patients with CAG. However, due to limitations of methodological quality and small sample size of the included studies, further standardized research of rigorous design should be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-kai Dai
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-zhan Zhang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan-yan Li
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-tong Ye
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling-feng Zeng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Jiang J, Chen Y, Shi J, Song C, Zhang J, Wang K. Population attributable burden of Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke in China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:199-212. [PMID: 27771779 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a risk factor of cancer and chronic diseases, remains highly prevalent in China. This review aims to systematically evaluate the H. pylori-attributable burden for gastric cancer (GC), coronary heart disease (CHD), and ischemic stroke (IS) in the Chinese population. Helicobacter pylori prevalence was updated by pooling the results reported in studies across China. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated based on the H. pylori prevalence 10 years ago and relative risks of specific disease by reviewing the prospective studies published from 2000 through 2015. In China, the nationwide average prevalence of H. pylori was estimated to be 42.06 % in the general population during 2009-2013. The fixed effects pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.89 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.57-2.26] was obtained for gastric cancer and H. pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori infection was responsible for around 37.38 % of noncardia GC, corresponding to about 105,536 cases in 2012. As for extra-gastric disorders, H. pylori infections had higher risk of CHD (RR = 1.55, 95 % CI: 1.37-1.76) and IS (RR = 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.42-1.66). About 23.15 % of CHD and 22.29 % of IS were attributable to H. pylori infection. The estimates of H. pylori-attributable burden reveal a great potential of reducing H. pylori-related chronic disease burden by H. pylori eradication. Large prospective studies are warranted to identify which H. pylori strains, which subtypes of the disease, and which subgroups of the population have the greatest risk of relevant diseases and the effect of H. pylori eradication on the prevention of H. pylori-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - C Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China.
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18
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Hellström PM, Hendolin P, Kaihovaara P, Kronberg L, Meierjohann A, Millerhovf A, Paloheimo L, Sundelin H, Syrjänen K, Webb DL, Salaspuro M. Slow-release L-cysteine capsule prevents gastric mucosa exposure to carcinogenic acetaldehyde: results of a randomised single-blinded, cross-over study of Helicobacter-associated atrophic gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:230-237. [PMID: 27806647 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1249403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter-induced atrophic gastritis with a hypochlorhydric milieu is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Microbes colonising acid-free stomach oxidise ethanol to acetaldehyde, a recognised group 1 carcinogen. OBJECTIVE To assess gastric production of acetaldehyde and its inert condensation product, non-toxic 2-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (MTCA), after alcohol intake under treatment with slow-release L-cysteine or placebo. METHODS Seven patients with biopsy-confirmed atrophic gastritis, low serum pepsinogen and high gastrin-17 were studied in a cross-over single-blinded design. On separate days, patients randomly received 200 mg slow-release L-cysteine or placebo with intragastric instillation of 15% (0.3 g/kg) ethanol. After intake, gastric concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, L-cysteine and MTCA were analysed. RESULTS Administration of L-cysteine increased MTCA (p < .0004) and decreased gastric acetaldehyde concentrations by 68% (p < .0001). The peak L-cysteine level was 7552 ± 2687 μmol/L at 40 min and peak MTCA level 196 ± 98 μmol/L at 80 min after intake. Gastric L-cysteine and MTCA concentrations were maintained for 3 h. The AUC for MTCA was 11-fold higher than acetaldehyde, indicating gastric first-pass metabolism of ethanol. With placebo, acetaldehyde remained elevated also at low ethanol concentrations representing 'non-alcoholic' beverages and food items. CONCLUSIONS After gastric ethanol instillation, slow-release L-cysteine eliminates acetaldehyde to form inactive MTCA, which remains in gastric juice for up to 3 h. High acetaldehyde levels indicate a marked gastric first-pass metabolism of ethanol resulting in gastric accumulation of carcinogenic acetaldehyde. Local exposure of the gastric mucosa to acetaldehyde can be mitigated by slow-release L-cysteine capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per M Hellström
- a Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit , Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Panu Hendolin
- b Clinical Sciences , Biohit Oyj , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Pertti Kaihovaara
- b Clinical Sciences , Biohit Oyj , Helsinki , Finland.,c Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Leif Kronberg
- d Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University , Turku , Finland
| | - Axel Meierjohann
- d Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University , Turku , Finland
| | - Anders Millerhovf
- e Clinical Trial Consultants , Uppsala University Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Lea Paloheimo
- b Clinical Sciences , Biohit Oyj , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Heidi Sundelin
- d Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University , Turku , Finland
| | - Kari Syrjänen
- b Clinical Sciences , Biohit Oyj , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Dominic-Luc Webb
- a Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit , Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Mikko Salaspuro
- c Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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de Souza Giusti ACB, de Oliveira Salvador PTC, dos Santos J, Meira KC, Camacho AR, Guimarães RM, Souza DLB. Trends and predictions for gastric cancer mortality in Brazil. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6527-6538. [PMID: 27605887 PMCID: PMC4968132 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the effect of age-period and birth cohort on gastric cancer mortality, in Brazil and across its five geographic regions, by sex, in the population over 20 years of age, as well as make projections for the period 2010-2029.
METHODS: An ecological study is presented herein, which distributed gastric cancer-related deaths in Brazil and its geographic regions. The effects of age-period and birth cohort were calculated by the Poisson regression model and projections were made with the age-period-cohort model in the statistical program R.
RESULTS: Progressive reduction of mortality rates was observed in the 1980’s, and then higher and lower mortality rates were verified in the 2000’s, for both sexes, in Brazil and for the South, Southeast and Midwest regions. A progressive decrease in mortality rates was observed for the Northeast (both sexes) and North (men only) regions within the period 1995-1999, followed by rising rates.
CONCLUSION: Regional differences were demonstrated in the mortality rates for gastric cancer in Brazil, and the least developed regions of the country will present increases in projected mortality rates.
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20
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Gurusamy KS, Yaghoobi M, Davidson BR. Non-invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical School; Department of Surgery; Royal Free Hospital Rowland Hill Street London UK NW3 2PF
| | - Mohammad Yaghoobi
- McMaster University Health Sciences Centre; Division of Gastroenterology; 1200 Main Street West Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical School; Department of Surgery; Royal Free Hospital Rowland Hill Street London UK NW3 2PF
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. To reduce the socioeconomic burden related to gastric cancer, it is very important to identify and manage high risk group for gastric cancer. In this review, we describe the general risk factors for gastric cancer and define high risk group for gastric cancer. We discuss strategies for the effective management of patients for the prevention and early detection of gastric cancer. Atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are the most significant risk factors for gastric cancer. Therefore, the accurate selection of individuals with AG and IM may be a key strategy for the prevention and/or early detection of gastric cancer. Although endoscopic evaluation using enhanced technologies such as narrow band imaging-magnification, the serum pepsinogen test, Helicobacter pylori serology, and trefoil factor 3 have been evaluated, a gold standard method to accurately select individuals with AG and IM has not emerged. In terms of managing patients at high risk of gastric cancer, it remains uncertain whether H. pylori eradication reverses and/or prevents the progression of AG and IM. Although endoscopic surveillance in high risk patients is expected to be beneficial, further prospective studies in large populations are needed to determine the optimal surveillance interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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22
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Vannarath S, Vilaichone RK, Rasachak B, Mairiang P, Yamaoka Y, Shiota S, Binh TT, Mahachai V. Virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori in gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer in Laos. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9027-31. [PMID: 25374247 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.9027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is an established cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to identify H. pylori genotypes and to examine their associations with geographical regions and gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer in Laos. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 329 Lao dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos during December 2010--March 2012 were enrolled. Two biopsy specimens (one each from the antrum and corpus) were obtained for CLO testing and only CLO test-positive gastric tissue were used to extract DNA. PCR and sequencing were identified for variants of the cagA and vacA genotypes. RESULTS Some 119 Laos patients (36.2%) were found to be infected with H. pylori including 83 with gastritis, 13 with gastric ulcers (GU), 20 with duodenal ulcers (DU) and 3 with gastric cancer. cagA was detected in 99.2%. East-Asian-type cagA (62%) and vacA s1c (64.7%) were predominant genotypes in Laos. vacA s1c-m1b was significantly higher in GU than gastritis (53.8% vs. 24.1%; P-value=0.04) whereas vacA s1a-m2 was significantly higher in DU than gastritis (40.0% vs. 16.9%; P-value=0.03). East-Asian-type cagA and vacA s1c were significantly higher in highland than lowland Lao (100% vs. 55.8%; P-value=0.001 and 88.2% vs. 61.5%, P-value=0.03 respectively). CONCLUSIONS H. pylori is a common infection in Laos, as in other countries in Southeast Asia. The cagA gene was demonstrated in nearly all Laos patients, cagA and vacA genotypes being possible important factors in explaining H. pylori infection and disease outcomes in Laos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengdao Vannarath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos E-mail :
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Khamechian T, Movahedian AH, Ebrahimi Eskandari G, Heidarzadeh Arani M, Mohammadi A. Evaluation of the Correlation Between Childhood Asthma and Helicobacter pylori in Kashan. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e17842. [PMID: 26310565 PMCID: PMC4545572 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(6)2015.17842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory air-way disease with increasing prevalence rate during the recent years. There are studies about the relationship between asthma and infectious diseases, including the association between asthma and Helicobacter pylori. According to the latest studies, there is an epidemiological correlation between asthma prevalence and prevalence of H. pylori. Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the correlation between H. pylori and asthma by biopsy in five to eighteen year-old children who had undergone endoscopy at Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Patients and Methods: Three hundred children (5 to 18 years old) undergoing endoscopy owing to gastro-intestinal problems at Shahid Beheshti Hospital were observed for childhood asthma using the Gina 2010 questionnaire which included 24 questions with “yes” and “no” answers to identify asthmatic patients with five positive answers. Next, the patients were referred to an allergy and asthma specialist for clinical examinations, spirometry and post bronchodilator test (Post BD). Results: Among 138 H. pylori positive patients, eight cases (5.8 %) were asthmatic while of the 162 H. pylori negative patients 28 (17.3%) were asthmatic. This difference was statistically significant (P Value = 0.002). The correlation between H. pylori and asthma was studied after controlling the confounding variables including, gender, age and family history. The results obtained for the above-mentioned variables were significant (P Values of 0.004, 0.005 and 0.002, and Odd-Ratio Mantel Haenszel (ORMH) of 3.38, 3.24 and 4.06, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings showed that there is an inverse correlation between H. pylori and asthma. Performing more studies with larger sample sizes is necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Khamechian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Movahedian
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Marzieh Heidarzadeh Arani
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Marzieh Heidarzadeh Arani, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9122146635, Fax: +98-3615558900, E-mail:
| | - Abouzar Mohammadi
- Surgical Technology Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Evaluation of the Correlation Between Childhood Asthma and Helicobacter pylori in Kashan. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(5)2015.17842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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25
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Maejima R, Iijima K, Kaihovaara P, Hatta W, Koike T, Imatani A, Shimosegawa T, Salaspuro M. Effects of ALDH2 genotype, PPI treatment and L-cysteine on carcinogenic acetaldehyde in gastric juice and saliva after intragastric alcohol administration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120397. [PMID: 25831092 PMCID: PMC4382225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (ACH) associated with alcoholic beverages is Group 1 carcinogen to humans (IARC/WHO). Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), a major ACH eliminating enzyme, is genetically deficient in 30-50% of Eastern Asians. In alcohol drinkers, ALDH2-deficiency is a well-known risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract cancers, i.e., head and neck cancer and esophageal cancer. However, there is only a limited evidence for stomach cancer. In this study we demonstrated for the first time that ALDH2 deficiency results in markedly increased exposure of the gastric mucosa to acetaldehyde after intragastric administration of alcohol. Our finding provides concrete evidence for a causal relationship between acetaldehyde and gastric carcinogenesis. A plausible explanation is the gastric first pass metabolism of ethanol. The gastric mucosa expresses alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, especially at the high ethanol concentrations prevailing in the stomach after the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The gastric mucosa also possesses the acetaldehyde-eliminating ALDH2 enzyme. Due to decreased mucosal ALDH2 activity, the elimination of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde is decreased, which results in its accumulation in the gastric juice. We also demonstrate that ALDH2 deficiency, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, and L-cysteine cause independent changes in gastric juice and salivary acetaldehyde levels, indicating that intragastric acetaldehyde is locally regulated by gastric mucosal ADH and ALDH2 enzymes, and by oral microbes colonizing an achlorhydric stomach. Markedly elevated acetaldehyde levels were also found at low intragastric ethanol concentrations corresponding to the ethanol levels of many foodstuffs, beverages, and dairy products produced by fermentation. A capsule that slowly releases L-cysteine effectively eliminated acetaldehyde from the gastric juice of PPI-treated ALDH2-active and ALDH2-deficient subjects. These results provide entirely novel perspectives for the prevention of gastric cancer, especially in established risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Maejima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Pertti Kaihovaara
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikko Salaspuro
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Wang F, Liu J, Zhang Y, Lei P. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis: a meta-analysis of 16 studies. Infect Dis (Lond) 2015; 47:597-603. [PMID: 25797276 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.989539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis (CB) are common respiratory diseases globally. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the risk of these two diseases being associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS A literature search was performed to identify studies published before 5 June 2014 for relevant risk estimates. Fixed and random effect meta-analytical techniques were conducted for COPD and CB. RESULTS Sixteen observational studies involving 1390 patients with COPD, 734 with CB and more than 13 000 controls were included. Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of COPD and CB [odds ratio (OR) 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.81-2.36, p for heterogeneity = 0.05; and OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.33-1.86, p for heterogeneity = 0.08]. We discovered a significant association between CagA-positive strains and risk for COPD (OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.29-5.25, p for heterogeneity = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggested a potential relationship between H. pylori infection and the development of COPD and CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- From the Department of Gerontology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , PR China
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Wu Z, Zhang L, Li N, Sha L, Zhang K. An immunohistochemical study of thioredoxin domain-containing 5 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:1154-1158. [PMID: 25663872 PMCID: PMC4315038 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) is overexpressed in a number of human carcinomas. However, the involvement of TXNDC5 in gastric adenocarcinoma remains unclear. In the present study, the immunohistochemical expression and clinicopathological significance of TXNDC5 in gastric adenocarcinoma was investigated. The immunohistochemical expression of TXNDC5 was detected in 54 gastric adenocarcinoma specimens, and the correlation between TXNDC5 and the clinicopathological features was investigated. Of the 54 gastric adenocarcinoma specimens, 30 samples (55.6%) exhibited high TXNDC5 expression. In the adenocarcinoma specimens exhibiting high TXNDC5 expression, the proportion of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that in specimens exhibiting low TXNDC5 expression (P<0.05). Lymph node metastasis and the depth of tumor invasion in the specimens exhibiting high TXNDC5 expression were significantly higher than that in specimens exhibiting low TXNDC5 expression (P<0.05). The results of a survival analysis revealed that the prognosis of patients exhibiting high TXNDC5 expression was significantly poorer than that of patients exhibiting low TXNDC5 expression (P<0.05). Therefore, the expression of TXNDC5 may correlate with the differentiation, invasion and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Thus, TXNDC5 may be a tumor-enhancing gene that is involved in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The 309 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China ; Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 073000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The 309 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The 309 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lina Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The 309 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The 309 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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Samareh Fekri M, Hashemi Bajgani SM, Rasti A, Yazdani R, Mollaie HR. Detection of helicobacter pylori in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by real time polymerase chain reaction. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 8:e14551. [PMID: 25789128 PMCID: PMC4350048 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most important causes of disability and mortality in the world. Although cigarette smoking and environmental pollutants have been recognized as the major causes of COPD, the role of infection in the pathogenesis and progression of COPD has also been reported. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to find the relationship between Helicobacter Pylori infection and COPD through anti H. pylori IgG serology, real time PCR of bronchoalveolar lavage and trans bronchial biopsy urease tests. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 adults with COPD. After obtaining the patient’s history, physical examination, spirometry and confirmation of COPD diagnosis by pulmonologist, subjects were selected through convenience sampling. In order to determine the severity and prognosis of disease, the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria and BODE index were used. Subjects underwent bronchoscopy for obtaining bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and biopsy was performed. Biopsy and BAL samples were investigated respectively by urease test and real time PCR. Moreover, patients’ serum samples were serologically studied for detection of anti H. pylori IgG. Results: Mean age of the participants was 60.65 ± 9.15 years, and 25% were female and 75% were male. The prevalence rate of H. pylori in COPD patients was 10% according to real time PCR, 88.3% according to the serology test and 0% based on the urease test. According to the results of PCR and considering the severity of disease based on the GOLD criteria, from those with a positive PCR, one patient (16.6%) had very severe obstruction, three (50%) had severe obstruction and two patients (33.3%) had moderate obstruction. The relationship between H. pylori presence (based on PCR) and disease severity and prognosis was not statistically significant. Conclusions: These findings can justify the hypothesis of direct injury and chronic inflammation via inhalation and aspiration resulting in H. pylori colonization. In fact, it is thought that H. Pylori infection, beside the host genetic vulnerability and other environmental risk factors might make the patient susceptible to COPD or lead to COPD worsening. Although we found H. pylori infection in some patients with COPD, the results of this study, could not explain the pathogenic mechanisms of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Samareh Fekri
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | | | - Atefe Rasti
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Atefe Rasti, Physiology Research Center (PRC), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9177108194, Fax: +98-3432264097, E-mail:
| | - Rostam Yazdani
- Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mollaie
- Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
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Terasawa T, Nishida H, Kato K, Miyashiro I, Yoshikawa T, Takaku R, Hamashima C. Prediction of gastric cancer development by serum pepsinogen test and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in Eastern Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109783. [PMID: 25314140 PMCID: PMC4196955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify high-risk groups for gastric cancer in presumptively healthy populations, several studies have investigated the predictive ability of the pepsinogen test, H. Pylori antibodies, and a risk-prediction model based on these two tests. To investigate whether these tests accurately predict gastric cancer development, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed and other electronic databases were searched for cohort studies published in English or Japanese from January 1985 through December 2013. Six reviewers identified eligible studies, and at least two investigators extracted data on population and study-design characteristics, quality items, and outcomes of interest. Meta-analyses were performed on non-overlapping studies. RESULTS Nine prospective cohorts from Eastern Asia reported in 12 publications, including 33,741 asymptomatic middle-aged participants of gastric cancer screening, were eligible. For discriminating between asymptomatic adults at high and low risk of gastric cancer, the pepsinogen test (summary hazard ratio [HR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-4.7; I2 = 0%) and H. pylori antibodies (summary HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.0-5.2; I2 = 0%) were statistically significant predictors as standalone tests. Although the risk-prediction model was in general moderately accurate in separating asymptomatic adults into four risk groups (summary c-statistic, 0.71; 95% CI: 0.68-0.73; I2 = 7%), calibration seemed to be poor. The study validity was generally limited. CONCLUSIONS The serum pepsinogen test, H. pylori antibodies, and the four-risk-group model for predicting gastric cancer development seem to have the potential to stratify middle-aged presumptively healthy adults. Future research needs to focus on comparative studies to evaluate the impact of screening programs adopting these tests. Also, validation, preferably with model updating, is necessary to see whether the current model performance is transferable to different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Terasawa
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Nishida
- Department of Health Information and Statistics, Panasonic Health Care Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Kato
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Isao Miyashiro
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Reo Takaku
- Institute for Health Economics and Policy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamashima
- Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Santos Júnior ADF, Barbosa IS, Santos VLD, Silva RL, Caetite Junior E. Test of dissolution and comparison of in vitro dissolution profiles of coated ranitidine tablets marketed in Bahia, Brazil. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502011000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranitidine is an antisecretory drug with H2 antagonist action useful in treating gastric and duodenal disorders. The dissolution test is used to obtain and compare dissolution profiles and establish similarities of pharmaceutical forms. The aim of this study was to compare the dissolution profiles of 150-mg coated ranitidine tablets of a reference drug (product A) and a generic (product B) and a similar (product C) drug marketed in Bahia, Brazil using a simple, fast and inexpensive ultraviolet method. Dissolution was determined using a USP type 2 apparatus at 50 rpm with 900 mL of distilled water at 37.0 ± 0.5 oC for 1h. The dissolution test was performed in compliance with the American Pharmacopoeia (USP-32). Dissolution efficiency and difference (f1) and similarity (f2) factors were calculated and evaluated. The proposed quantification methodology for drug dissolution test was validated, presenting accuracy, linearity and precision within the acceptance criteria. Products A, B and C showed dissolution efficiency values of 59.29, 73.59 and 66.67%, respectively. Factors f1 and f2 were calculated and showed that the profiles of products A, B and C were dissimilar. However, all the products released ranitidine satisfactorily, with at least 80% of the drug dissolved within 30 min.
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Liu D, Zhang L, Shen Z, Tan F, Hu Y, Yu J, Li G. Increased levels of SLP-2 correlate with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2013; 16:498-504. [PMID: 23371255 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-013-0232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2) is a member of the highly conserved stomatin protein family whose homologues span from Archaea to humans and include stomatin, SLP-1, and SLP-3. Several studies have indicated that overexpression of SLP-2 is strongly associated with adhesion and migration in several human cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate SLP-2 expression at the mRNA and protein level in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and to examine the relationships between SLP-2 expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. METHODS We investigated SLP-2 expression in primary GC and paired normal gastric tissue by real-time PCR (RT-PCR; n = 16) and Western blot analysis (n = 32). Additionally, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 113 paraffin-embedded GC specimens, 30 matched normal specimens, and 30 paired metastatic lymph node samples. RESULTS SLP-2 is overexpressed in GC compared with the adjacent normal gastric epithelium (p < 0.001), and high-level SLP-2 expression is significantly correlated with the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. Furthermore, elevated SLP-2 expression is an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of SLP-2 may contribute to the progression and poor prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongning Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, The North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China,
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Malakar M, Devi KR, Phukan RK, Kaur T, Deka M, Puia L, Barua D, Mahanta J, Narain K. Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1, tobacco habits and risk of stomach cancer in Mizoram, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4725-32. [PMID: 23167410 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The incidence of stomach cancer in Mizoram is highest in India. We have conducted a population based matched case-control study to identify environmental and genetic risk factors in this geographical area. METHODS A total of 102 histologically confirmed stomach cancer cases and 204 matched healthy population controls were recruited. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined by PCR and H. pylori infections were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Tobacco-smoking was found to be an important risk factor for high incidence of stomach cancer in Mizoram. Meiziol (local cigarette) smoking was a more important risk factor than other tobacco related habits. Cigarette, tuibur (tobacco smoke infused water) and betel nut consumption synergistically increased the risk of stomach cancer. Polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were not found to be directly associated with stomach cancer in Mizoram. However, they appeared to be effect modifiers. Persons habituated with tobacco smoking and/or tuibur habit had increased risk of stomach cancer if they carried the GSTM1 null genotype and GSTT1 non-null genotype. CONCLUSION Tobacco smoking, especially meiziol is the important risk factor for stomach cancer in Mizoram. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes modify the effect of tobacco habits. This study is a first step in understanding the epidemiology of stomach cancer in Mizoram, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Malakar
- Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region (Indian Council of Medical Research), Assam, India
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Wang G, Gao F, Zhang W, Chen J, Wang T, Zhang G, Shen L. Involvement of Aquaporin 3 in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric diseases. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49104. [PMID: 23152856 PMCID: PMC3494660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is one of the most common and lethal malignant cancers worldwide, and numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays a key role in the development of gastric carcinomas. Our previous studies showed that aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is overexpressed in gastric carcinoma and promotes the migration and proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells, suggesting that AQP3 may be a potentially important determinant of gastric carcinoma. However, the role of AQP3 in H. pylori carcinogenesis is unknown. Methods The AQP3 protein and H. pylori were detected in human gastric tissues by immunohistochemistry and modified Giemsa staining respectively. AQP3 knockdown was obtained by small interfering (si) RNA. Western blot assays and RT-PCR were used to evaluate the change of AQP3 in the human gastric cancer AGS and SGC7901 cell lines after co-culture with H. pylori. Sprague Dawley rats were orally inoculated with H. pylori to establish a rat model colonized by H. pylori. Results The present study found that AQP3 expression correlated with H. pylori infection status in gastric cancer tissues and corresponding normal mucosa, and H. pylori co-culture upregulated AQP3 expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. H. pylori infection also increased AQP3 expression in gastric mucosa colonized by H. pylori in a Sprague Dawley rat model. Conclusions These findings provide further information to understand the mechanism of H. pylori carcinogenesis and a potential strategy for the treatment of H. pylori-associated gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lizong Shen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Li L, Ying XJ, Sun TT, Yi K, Tian HL, Sun R, Tian JH, Yang KH. Overview of methodological quality of systematic reviews about gastric cancer risk and protective factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:2069-2079. [PMID: 22901173 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A comprehensive overall review of gastric cancer (GC) risk and protective factors is a high priority, so we conducted the present study. METHODS Systematic searches in common medical electronic databases along with reference tracking were conducted to include all kinds of systematic reviews (SRs) about GC risk and protective factors. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological qualities and the quality of evidence using R-AMSTAR and GRADE approaches. RESULTS Beta- carotene below 20 mg/day, fruit, vegetables, non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, and dairy product were GC protective factors, while beta-carotene 20 mg/day or above, pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, processed meat 30 g/d or above, or salty foods, exposure to alcohol or smoking, occupational exposure to Pb, overweight and obesity, helicobacter pylori infection were GC risk factors. So we suggested screening and treating H. pylori infection, limiting the amount of food containing risk factors (processed meat consumption, beta-carotene, pickled vegetables, fermented soy-foods, salty foods, alcohol), stopping smoking, avoiding excessive weight gain, avoidance of Pb, and increasing the quantity of food containing protective components (fresh fruit and vegetables, non-fermented soy-foods, whole-grain, dairy products). CONCLUSIONS The conclusions and recommendations of our study were limited by including SRs with poor methodological bases and low quality of evidence, so that more research applying checklists about assessing the methodological qualities and reporting are needed for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Lin Y, Ueda J, Kikuchi S, Totsuka Y, Wei WQ, Qiao YL, Inoue M. Comparative epidemiology of gastric cancer between Japan and China. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4421-8. [PMID: 22110269 PMCID: PMC3218157 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i39.4421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To clarify the similarities and differences in gastric cancer epidemiology between Japan and China. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed database was performed. The relevant literature published in China was also been cited. Data on incidence and mortality rates in 2008 were obtained from the Cancer Mondial database, published by International Agency for Research on Cancer at http://www-dep.iarc.fr/. RESULTS Gastric cancer remains a significant public health burden in both Japan and China. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization is high in the adult populations of both countries. Accumulating evidence from intervention studies in both countries has shown the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication in reducing gastric cancer incidence. There are differences, however, in many aspects of gastric cancer, including patterns of incidence and mortality, trends in the prevalence of H. pylori infection, H. pylori strains, the magnitude of risk of gastric cancer related to H. pylori infection, and associations with dietary habits. Compared with China, Japan has seen a more rapid decline in H. pylori infection among adolescents. While Japanese cohort studies have dominated the literature concerning the associations between gastric cancer and dietary habits, numerous case-control studies in China suggest a positive association between a high intake of preserved fish and vegetables and gastric cancer risk. There is a need for a multidisciplinary research approach to understand the interactions between various strains of H. pylori, host factors, and other lifestyle and environmental factors in gastric carcinogenesis in both countries. CONCLUSION The shared high incidence of gastric cancer and high prevalence of H. pylori, as well as differences in many aspects of gastric cancer, provide an excellent opportunity to establish Sino-Japanese collaborations.
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Han JS, Jang JS, Choi SR, Kwon HC, Kim MC, Jeong JS, Kim SJ, Sohn YJ, Lee EJ. A study of metachronous cancer after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:1099-104. [PMID: 21668406 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2011.591427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoscopic resection is commonly used for early gastric cancer (EGC) in Korea and Japan. There are only a few reports of metachronous cancer after endoscopic resection. The aim of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection. METHODS A total of 176 patients with EGC who had underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were periodically followed-up with endoscopic examinations from January 2004 to December 2007. The incidence and variable factors of metachronous gastric cancer were investigated in a retrospective study. RESULTS The median interval between the diagnosis of primary cancer and the diagnosis of the first metachronous cancer was 30 months (range 18-42 months). Metachronous gastric cancer had developed in nine patients (5.1%) during follow-up period and seven patients (4.0%) had synchronous gastric cancer lesions within 1 year of the initial endoscopic treatment. Annual incidence rate of metachronous cancer was approximately 3.3%. Antrum atrophy and old age were significantly associated with the incidence of metachronous cancer. The status of Helicobacter pylori, size, location and gross finding of lesion had no significant relationship with metachronous occurrence. CONCLUSIONS We should examine more carefully older patients who have atrophic gastritis because secondary cancer including metachronous cancer might occur in remnant stomach after initial successful endoscopic resection. And prospective study will be needed for the optimal endoscopic surveillance interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Gastrointestinal tract specific gene GDDR inhibits the progression of gastric cancer in a TFF1 dependent manner. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 359:369-74. [PMID: 21870107 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yadav D, Chandra R, Saxena R, Agarwal D, Agarwal M, Ghosh T, Agrawal D. Glutathione-S-transferase M1 and T1 genes and gastric cancer: a case control study in North Indian population. Gene 2011; 487:166-9. [PMID: 21839153 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difference in the capacity of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes might be an important factor in genetic susceptibility to cancer. METHODS A case control study involving forty one gastric cancer patients and one hundred and thirty controls was carried out to determine the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes. The frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype was observed by carrying out multiplex PCR. RESULTS There was no difference in the frequencies of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null and the combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype between patients and control. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GSTM1 and GSTT1 status may not influence the risk of developing gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Yadav
- Cardiovascular Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow
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Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene polymorphisms associating with enhanced acetaldehyde exposure and markedly increased cancer risk in alcohol drinkers provide undisputable evidence for acetaldehyde being a local carcinogen not only in esophageal but also in gastric cancer. Accordingly, acetaldehyde associated with alcoholic beverages has recently been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen to humans. Microbes are responsible for the bulk of acetaldehyde production from ethanol both in saliva and Helicobacter pylori-infected and achlorhydric stomach. Acetaldehyde is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke and it readily dissolves into saliva during smoking. Many foodstuffs and 'non-alcoholic' beverages are important but unrecognized sources of local acetaldehyde exposure. The cumulative cancer risk associated with increasing acetaldehyde exposure suggests the need for worldwide screening of the acetaldehyde levels of alcoholic beverages and as well of the ethanol and acetaldehyde of food produced by fermentation. The generally regarded as safe status of acetaldehyde should be re-evaluated. The as low as reasonably achievable principle should be applied to the acetaldehyde of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages and food. Risk groups with ADH-and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms, H. pylori infection or achlorhydric atrophic gastritis, or both, should be screened and educated in this health issue. L-cysteine formulations binding carcinogenic acetaldehyde locally in the stomach provide new means for intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Salaspuro
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Tsai PJ, Perng CH. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of 13 leading malignant neoplasms in Taiwan: a comparison between the 1995-1998 and 2005-2008 periods. Health (London) 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2011.312120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang L, Hou Y, Li N, Wu K, Zhai J. The influence of TXNDC5 gene on gastric cancer cell. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1497-505. [PMID: 20157732 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TXNDC5 (thioredoxin domain containing 5) is over-expressed in tumors of the cervix, uterus, stomach and lung. However, not much is known about the functional roles of TXNDC5 gene in gastric adenocarcinoma. In the present study, we intend to investigate the effects of TXNDC5 on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and cell cycle of the gastric cancer cell line MKN45 and normal gastric cell line HFE145. METHODS TXNDC5 cDNA was inserted into a constitutive vector pcDNA3.1 followed by transfection into normal gastric cell line HFE145 using liposome. Then, stable transfectants were selected and appraised. Specific silencing of TXNDC5 gene was achieved using a vector-based short interference RNAs (siRNA) system in gastric cancer cell line MKN45. The growth and proliferation were analyzed by cell growth curves and colony-forming assay, respectively. The apoptosis and cell cycles of these clones were analyzed using flow cytometry. The invasion of these cells was analyzed by cell migration assay. The TXNDC5 stable expression cell lines (HFE-TXNDC5) and TXNDC5 RNAi cell lines (MKN-SR1,2) were detected and compared with their control groups, respectively. RESULTS HFE-TXNDC5 grew faster than HFE145 and HFE-PC(HFE145 transfected with pcDNA3.1 vector). MKN-SR1 grew slower than MKN45 and MKN-SS1,2 (MKN45 transfected with scrambled control duplexes). The cell counts of HFE-TXNDC5 in the fifth, sixth and seventh days were significantly higher than those of control groups (P < 0.05). The cell counts of MKN-SR1 in the fifth, sixth and seventh days were significantly lower than those of control groups (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that there were significant differences in proportions of G0-G1 and G2-M phase between HFE-TXNDC5, MKN-SR1 cells and their control groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of HFE-TXNDC5 was significantly lower than that of control groups (P < 0.05). The results of colony-forming assay showed that the colony formation rate of HFE-TXNDC5 was higher than those of control groups, otherwise the rate of MKN-SR1 were lower than those of their control groups (P < 0.05). The results of cell migration assay showed that the migration rate of HFE-TXNDC5 were significantly higher than that of its control group. Conversely, the migration rate of MKN-SR1 was significantly lower than that of its control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION TXNDC5 can promote the growth and proliferation of gastric cells. Silencing of TXNDC5 can restrain the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer cells. The gene can enhance the capability of invasion of gastric cancer cells. In some respects, TXNDC5 could be thought as a tumor-enhancing gene in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China.
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Kato M, Asaka M. Recent knowledge of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer and recent progress of gastroendoscopic diagnosis and treatment for gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40:828-37. [PMID: 20736219 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyq119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a multi-step process and multi-factorial disease. However, Helicobacter pylori plays the most important role in gastric carcinogenesis because most gastric cancers including both intestinal type and diffuse type arise from mucosa infected by H. pylori. The relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer has been proved in epidemiological studies, animal experiments with Mongolian gerbils, and clinical prospective studies. Significant preventive effect of H. pylori eradication was reported in Japanese randomized study for secondary gastric cancer after endoscopic resection of primary gastric cancer and meta-analysis of randomized studies. The Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research has published a guideline recommending that H. pylori infection should be treated by eradication therapy to suppress the incidence of gastric cancer. The development of endoscopic technology has advanced the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. In the diagnosis of gastric cancer, image enhancement endoscopy including magnifying observation with narrow-band imaging system and microscopic magnifying observation opens the possibility of optical biopsy. Endoscopic resection for early stage of gastric cancer has been established as proper treatment of early gastric cancer. Recently endoscopic submucosal dissection had made en bloc resection possible for mucosal cancers >2 cm in diameter. Because of endoscopic submucosal dissection, endoscopic resection is indicated in a greater number of cases. Although the use of endoscopic treatment for gastric cancer has been increasing steadily, long-term outcome data is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Kato
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital North 14, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8468, Japan.
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Zhang L, Hou Y, Ashktorab H, Gao L, Xu Y, Wu K, Zhai J, Zhang L. The impact of C-MYC gene expression on gastric cancer cell. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 344:125-35. [PMID: 20737197 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The upregulation or mutation of C-MYC has been observed in gastric, colon, breast, and lung tumors and in Burkitt's lymphoma. However, little is known about the role C-MYC plays in gastric adenocarcinoma. In the present study, we intended to investigate the influence of C-MYC on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and cell cycle of the gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and the gastric cell line HFE145. C-MYC cDNA was subcloned into a constitutive vector PCDNA3.1 followed by transfection in normal gastric cell line HFE145 by using liposome. Then stable transfectants were selected and appraised. Specific inhibition of C-MYC was achieved using a vector-based siRNA system which was transfected in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. The apoptosis and cell cycles of these clones were analyzed by using flow cytometric assay. The growth and proliferation were analyzed by cell growth curves and colony-forming assay, respectively. The invasion of these clones was analyzed by using cell migration assay. The C-MYC stable expression clones (HFE-Myc) and C-MYC RNAi cells (SGC-MR) were detected and compared with their control groups, respectively. HFE-Myc grew faster than HFE145 and HFE-PC (HFE145 transfected with PCDNA3.1 vector). SGC-MR1, 2 grew slower than SGC7901 and SGC-MS1, 2 (SGC7901 transfected with scrambled control duplexes). The cell counts of HFE-Myc in the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh days were significantly more than those of control groups (P < 0.05). Those of SGC-MR1, 2 in the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh days were significantly fewer than those of control groups (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that proportions of HFE-Myc and SGC-MR cells in G0-G1 and G2-M were different significantly with their control groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of HFE-Myc was significantly higher than those of control groups (P < 0.05). Results of colony-forming assay showed that the colony formation rate of HFE-Myc was higher than those of control groups; otherwise, the rate of SGC-MR was lower than those of their control groups (P < 0.05). The results of cell migration assay showed that there were no significant differences between experimental groups and control groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, C-MYC can promote the growth and proliferation of normal gastric cells, and knockdown of C-MYC can restrain the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer cells. It can induce cell apoptosis and help tumor cell maintain malignant phenotype. But it can have not a detectable influence on the ability of invasion of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Peleteiro B, Lunet N, Barros R, La Vecchia C, Barros H. Factors contributing to the underestimation of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer risk in a high-prevalence population. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:1257-64. [PMID: 20373011 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify sources of underestimation of the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and non-cardia gastric cancer, in a high-risk European population. METHODS Non-cardia gastric cancer patients (n = 420) recruited in two major hospitals in North of Portugal and population controls (n = 1,389) were evaluated. Whole-cell IgG antibodies against H. pylori were quantified by ELISA and Western Blot testing was conducted in a subsample (272 cases and 186 controls) allowing for the detection of current infection marker and CagA. Sex- and age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed. RESULTS When assessing infection by ELISA, the OR for its association with gastric cancer decreases and reverts as IgG titers increased, from 1.96 (95% CI: 1.09-3.54) for borderline positive results (16.0-21.9 RU/ml) to 0.52 (95% CI: 0.36-0.74) for the highest IgG levels (> or = 102.0 RU/ml). The same pattern was observed across strata of age and blood collection timing with stronger associations among younger subjects and those providing blood samples earlier after diagnosis. The presence of CagA (Western Blot) was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 11.32; 95% CI: 5.64-22.73). CONCLUSION The use of methods with low sensitivity to detect past infection leads to a substantial underestimation of gastric cancer risk in high-prevalence settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Peleteiro
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
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Salaspuro M. Acetaldehyde as a common denominator and cumulative carcinogen in digestive tract cancers. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 44:912-25. [PMID: 19396661 DOI: 10.1080/00365520902912563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The key issue in cancer prevention is the identification of specific aetiologic factors. Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol oxidation, is carcinogenic in animals. ADH and ALDH2 gene mutations provide an exceptional human model to estimate the long-term effects of acetaldehyde exposure in man. These models provide strong evidence for the local carcinogenic potential of acetaldehyde also in humans. Ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde by both mucosal and microbial enzymes. Many microbes produce acetaldehyde from ethanol, but their capacity to eliminate acetaldehyde is low, which leads to the accumulation of acetaldehyde in saliva during an alcohol challenge. Acetaldehyde is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke, and it readily dissolves into saliva during smoking. Fermented food and many alcoholic beverages can also contain significant amounts of acetaldehyde. Thus acetaldehyde, derived from mucosal or microbial oxidation of ethanol, tobacco smoke, and/or diet, appears to act as a cumulative carcinogen in the upper digestive tract of humans. The evidence strongly suggests the importance of world-wide screening of acetaldehyde and ethanol levels in many beverages and foodstuffs, as well as an urgent need for regulatory measures and consumer guidance. Screening of the risk groups with enhanced acetaldehyde exposure, e.g. people with ADH and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms and hypochlorhydric atrophic gastritis, should also be seriously considered. Most importantly, the GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status of acetaldehyde, which allows it to be used as a food additive, should be re-evaluated, and the classification of acetaldehyde as a carcinogen should be upgraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Salaspuro
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abdullah M, Ohtsuka H, Rani AA, Sato T, Syam AF, Fujino MA. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastropathy: A comparison between Indonesian and Japanese patients. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:4928-31. [PMID: 19842224 PMCID: PMC2764971 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare the effects of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection on gastropathy between Indonesian and Japanese patients.
METHODS: Biopsy specimens were obtained during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 167 subjects (125 Indonesians and 42 Japanese) with uninvestigated symptoms of dyspepsia. The specimens were analyzed for the presence of H pylori using urease analysis, histopathology, and cell culture. The grade and activity of gastritis was assessed using the updated Sydney system.
RESULTS: The percentages of Indonesian and Japanese patients who were H pylori-positive at the antrum or body of the stomach were similar (68% and 59.5%, respectively; P = 0.316). Of those who were H pylori-positive, more Japanese patients than Indonesian patients had high levels of polymorphonuclear cells (P = 0.001), mononuclear cells (P = 0.013), glandular atrophy (P = 0.000), and intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.011) in both the antrum and body of the stomach.
CONCLUSION: The grade of gastritis and prevalence of mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were higher in Japanese patients. The difference between Indonesian and Japanese patients was significant.
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Pourfarzi F, Whelan A, Kaldor J, Malekzadeh R. The role of diet and other environmental factors in the causation of gastric cancer in Iran--a population based study. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1953-1960. [PMID: 19569234 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a declining trend in the incidence of gastric cancer (GC), it is still a major global public health concern of the 21st century. The rates of GC reported from Ardabil Province, Iran, are among the highest in the world. To investigate risk factors for GC in Ardabil, we undertook a population-based case-control study. The study aimed to recruit all Ardabil residents newly diagnosed with GC in the time period of 2004-2005, and 2 controls per case. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Ten milliliters of blood was collected for blood grouping and investigating the presence of IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori. During the study period, 217 people with GC and 394 controls were recruited. In multivariate analysis, diet and Helicobacter pylori infection (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.35-4.32) were found to be the factors that were most strongly related to GC. High intake of Allium vegetables (OR = 0.35) and fruit, especially citrus fruit (OR = 0.31) and consumption of fresh fish (OR = 0.37) were significantly protective. On the other hand, consumption of red meat (OR = 3.40) and dairy products (OR = 2.28) were positively associated with the risk of GC. People who had a preference for higher salt intake (OR = 3.10) and drinking strong and hot tea (OR = 2.64 and 2.85, respectively) were at higher risk. In conclusion, Helicobacter pylori infection as measured by serum IgG as well as the consumption of red meat and dairy products increases the risk of GC in Ardabil, while the intake of fresh fruit and fresh fish decrease the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Pourfarzi
- Division of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran.
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Huang ZG, Duan GC, Fan QT, Zhang WD, Song CH, Huang XY, Zhang RG. Mutation of cytotoxin-associated gene A affects expressions of antioxidant proteins of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:599-606. [PMID: 19195063 PMCID: PMC2653352 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine if disruption of the cagA gene of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) has an effect on the expression of other proteins at proteome level.
METHODS: Construction of a cagA knock out mutant Hp27_ΔcagA (cagA-) via homologous recombination with the wild-type strain Hp27 (cagA+) as a recipient was performed. The method of sonication-urea-CHAPS-DTT was employed to extract bacterial proteins from both strains. Soluble proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Images of 2-DE gels were digitalized and analyzed. Only spots that had a statistical significance in differential expression were selected and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Biological information was used to search protein database and identify the biological function of proteins.
RESULTS: The proteome expressions between wild-type strain and isogenic mutant with the cagA gene knocked-out were compared. Five protein spots with high abundance in bacteria proteins of wild-type strains, down-regulated or absently expressed in bacteria proteins of mutants, were identified and analyzed. From a quantitative point of view, the identified proteins are related to the cagA gene and important antioxidant proteins of H pylori, including alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (Ahp), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and modulator of drug activity (Mda66), respectively, suggesting that cagA is important to maintain the normal activity of antioxidative stress and ensure H pylori persistent colonization in the host.
CONCLUSION: cagA gene is relevant to the expressions of antioxidant proteins of H pylori, which may be a novel mechanism involved in H pylori cagA pathogenesis.
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Wu MS, Chow LP, Lin JT, Chiou SH. Proteomic identification of biomarkers related to Helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal disease: challenges and opportunities. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23:1657-61. [PMID: 19120858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonize the stomach of over half the world's population. While 80-90% H. pylori-infected individuals have clinically asymptomatic gastritis, 10-15% develop peptic ulcer, and 1-2% gastric malignancies. These variable clinical outcomes have led to an interest in prognostic indicators. The current disease paradigm suggests that host genetics and bacterial virulence both play important roles in modulating the final outcome of H. pylori infection. Elucidation of the interaction between host and bacterium is essential to clarify pathogenesis and to develop new strategies for prevention and treatment. Proteomic technology is a powerful tool for simultaneously monitoring proteins and protein variation on a large scale in biological samples. It has provided an unprecedented opportunity to survey a cell's translational landscape comprehensively, and the results may allow in-depth analyses of host and pathogen interactions. Using this high-throughput platform and taking advantage of complete sequences for both the H. pylori and the human genome in available databases, we have identified several crucial proteins that have pathogenic and prognostic potential. Among them, antibodies to AhpC and GroEs of H. pylori could be utilized for identification of patients who are at high risk of disease complications after H. pylori infection. Evolving proteomic technologies, together with appropriate clinical phenotyping and genotype information should enhance understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to more precise prediction of variable disease outcomes. It will also facilitate development of biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shiang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lee YC, Lin JT, Chen THH, Wu MS. Is Eradication of Helicobacter pylori the Feasible Way to Prevent Gastric Cancer? New Evidence and Progress, but Still a Long Way to Go. J Formos Med Assoc 2008; 107:591-9. [PMID: 18678542 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(08)60176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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