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Yang Y, Zhao Z, Wu S, Yao D. Structural or functional abnormality of sphincter of Oddi: an important factor for the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after endoscopic treatment. Ann Med 2025; 57:2440119. [PMID: 39673217 PMCID: PMC11648144 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2440119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A high recurrence rate is undesirable after treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones. A major risk factor identified for recurrence is that invasive techniques, including surgical or endoscopic treatments, will impair the biliary tract system either by direct incision of the CBD or by cutting or dilating the ampulla of Vater. During endoscopic treatment, two main assisted methods for lithotomy, sphincterotomy and papillary balloon dilation, can result in different degrees of damage to the structure and function of the sphincter of Oddi (SO), contributing to slowing of biliary excretion, cholestasis, biliary bacterial infection, and promotion of bile duct stone recurrence. In this review, the relationship between endoscopic lithotomy and structural impairment or functional abnormality of the SO will be summarized, and their relationship with the recurrence of CBD stones will also be analyzed. Further improvement of these endoscopic methods or exploration of some novel methods, such as endoscopic endoclip papilloplasty, temporary insertion of a self-expandable metal stent, and combined application of peroral cholangioscopy, may aid in providing more appropriate treatment for patients with choledocholithiasis, repair or protect the function and structure of SO, reduce or prevent the recurrence of bile duct stones, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zeying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuodong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dianbo Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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2
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Ishida Y, Hisa T, Matsumoto R, Nishiyama S, Kudo A, Yamada T, Osera S, Tomori A, Fukushima H. Utility and safety of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation with small-incision sphincterotomy for small bile duct stones: A randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2025; 32:160-167. [PMID: 39663138 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for bile duct stones (BDS) can cause basket impaction with stone, complicating the procedure. In this study, we evaluated the utility and safety of small incision ES combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (sES + EPBD) (balloon dilated up to the stone size), compared with ES alone for BDS <12 mm. METHODS The primary endpoint was the frequency of mechanical lithotripsy (ML), indicating the risk of basket impaction with stone; however, the secondary endpoints were procedure time, successful stone removal, and early adverse events. RESULTS A total of 100 patients were randomized into the ES and sES + EPBD groups (n = 50 for each). Significantly fewer cases required ML (20.0% vs. 4.0%, p = .028) in the sES + EPBD group. The maximum short-axis diameter of the stones in all patients requiring ML in the ES group ranged from 8 to 11 mm. The median procedure time was significantly shorter (18.5 min vs. 17 min, p = .047) in the sES + EPBD group. Both groups showed similar frequencies of successful stone removal in one session (88.0% vs. 98.0%, p = .112) and early adverse events (4.0% vs. 2.0%, p = .62). CONCLUSION In cases of small BDS, sES + EPBD exhibits a low frequency of ML, which shortens procedure time and prevents basket impaction with stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Matsumoto Kyoritsu Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Obihiro Kosei Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nishiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akiharu Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shozo Osera
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akihisa Tomori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hideki Fukushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
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3
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Wongkanong C, Ratanachu-Ek T, Patumanond J. Comparative Success Rate and Adverse Effects of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Versus Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilation in Large Common Bile Duct Stones Removal. A Propensity Scores Inverse Weighting Analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025; 40:510-519. [PMID: 39567773 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is a standard treatment for common bile duct (CBD) stones. Endoscopic sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EST-EPLBD) is an effective treatment for difficult CBD stones. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of EST-EPLBD and EST in treating large CBD stones. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 85 patients with large CBD stones who underwent either EST or EST-EPLBD, resulting in successful CBD stone extraction from January 2018 to June 2022. Propensity score inverse weighting was performed to reduce the possible bias in baseline characteristics between the two treatment groups. The success rate of complete stone removal in the first session, mechanical lithotripsy use, and adverse events were analyzed by multivariable risk regression analysis. RESULTS The rate of complete stone removal in one session of the EST-EPLBD group was higher than that of the EST group at 28.78% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.43, 50.1; p = 0.003). Mechanical lithotripsy use was decreased in the EST-EPLBD group by 25.81% (95% CI 42.33,9.28; p = 0.002). However, the incidence of adverse events is comparable. CONCLUSION EST-EPLBD may be utilized in the treatment of CBD stones that exceed a diameter of 10 mm. The EST-EPLBD increased the rate of complete stone removal in a single session and reduced the need for mechanical lithotripsy. Conversely, the incidence rate of adverse events is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thawee Ratanachu-Ek
- Surgical Endoscopy Unit, Department of Surgery Rajavithi Hospital, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Jayanton Patumanond
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Clinical Surgical Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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4
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Gao L, Yan H, Bu L, Zhang H. Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation Versus Small Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Non-Dilated Distal Bile Duct. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2025:00129689-990000000-00301. [PMID: 39895510 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD), small endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), and small EST plus EPBD are commonly used as rescue techniques to remove bile duct stones. However, we often encountered challenging cases with non-dilated distal bile ducts, especially in those undergoing EPBD. We aimed to explore the reasons by assessing whether patients without the dilated bile duct had a higher risk of early complications and whether it was impacted by the rescue techniques. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study by frequency matching design in patients diagnosed with stones in non-dilated distal bile duct who received rescue techniques from July 2016 to June 2022. Besides, patients with stones and without dilatation of the distal bile duct (DDBD) were divided into 3 subgroups according to the rescue technique received. Outcomes were compared between the subgroups. RESULTS The non-DDBD group was more likely to develop post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) and hyperamylasemia (HP) than the DDBD group (P < 0.05). Some cases had mild or moderate pancreatitis, but no one in either group developed severe pancreatitis. For subgroup analysis, each technique resulted in complete stone removal; the EPBD group had a higher HP rate than the other subgroups and reached statistical significance: the EPBD group versus the small EST group (P = 0.013) and the EPBD group versus the EPBD plus small EST group (P = 0.008). Although there was no statistical significance, PEP incidence in the EPBD group was 13.7% higher than in other subgroups (P > 0.05/3). CONCLUSION Non-DDBD patients have a higher risk for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related pancreatic inflammation. EPBD should be used cautiously due to the significant association with increased rates of PEP and HP. Conversely, small EST and combination therapy are suitable for non-dilated bile duct stones because of their high safety profile and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation
| | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
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5
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Kouchi K, Takenouchi A, Matsuoka A, Yabe K, Yoshizawa H, Nakata C, Fujishiro J, Sugiyama H. Case Series of Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation for Children with Common Bile Duct Stones and a Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2251. [PMID: 38673524 PMCID: PMC11050672 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) has been employed for the endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDSs) and has been reported to have a high success rate for stone removal. However, EST is associated with a risk of bleeding, perforation, and sphincter of Oddi function disruption. To avoid these risks, endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) is an option for CBDS. Sphincter of Oddi function preservation decreases long-term biliary infection and gallstone recurrence. EPBD may have advantages in children who require a long follow up. However, there have been few reports on pediatric cases, particularly in infants. Methods: From September 2017 to December 2023, we performed EPBD for four pediatric CBDSs. The patients were aged from 5 months to 8 years, including two infants aged 5 and 6 months. Furthermore, we reviewed the stone removal rate and complications of 545 ESTs performed at high-volume centers and 13 EPBD-reported cases in children with CBDSs. Results: CBDSs of all patients who underwent EPBD in our institution were successfully removed. No bleeding or perforation was noted; pancreatitis was observed in three patients. In an analysis of 545 ESTs in children, the stone removal rate was high, ranging from 83% to 100% (mean 96%). The incidence of pancreatitis was 0-9.6% (mean 4.4%), and the grade of pancreatitis was almost mild. The bleeding frequency was 1.3-5.4% (mean 2.7%). With regards to the grade of bleeding, seven cases were mild (64%) and four were moderate (36%). Compared with adults who underwent EST, the frequencies of pancreatitis and bleeding were almost equal in children; however, in children, once bleeding occurs, it has a higher risk of leading to blood transfusion. Stone removal via EPBD in children has a 100% success rate. Pancreatitis was responsible for all complications were related; its frequency was 46% (6/13 patients, including five mild cases and one moderate case), which is higher than that of EST and adult cases who underwent EPBD. In most children with pancreatitis, pancreatic enzyme levels returned to normal within 2-3 days following EPBD, and no severe cases caused by EPBD were reported. Conclusions: CBDS removal via EPBD in children has a high success rate with very low risk of bleeding and perforation. Although pancreatitis frequently occurs, most cases are mild. Sphincter of Oddi function preservation via EPBD is expected to prevent long-term stone recurrence and biliary tract infection, and EPBD is considered to be an effective method for CBDS removal in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Kouchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Ohwadashinden 477-96, Yachiyo 276-8524, Japan
| | - Ayako Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Ohwadashinden 477-96, Yachiyo 276-8524, Japan
| | - Aki Matsuoka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Ohwadashinden 477-96, Yachiyo 276-8524, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Yabe
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Ohwadashinden 477-96, Yachiyo 276-8524, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yoshizawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Ohwadashinden 477-96, Yachiyo 276-8524, Japan
| | - Chikako Nakata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Ohwadashinden 477-96, Yachiyo 276-8524, Japan
| | - Jun Fujishiro
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo University, Hongou 7-3-1, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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6
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Li YY, Miao YS, Wang CF, Yan J, Zhou XJ, Chen YX, Li GH, Zhu L. Optimal dilation duration of 10 mm diameter balloons after limited endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:971. [PMID: 38200057 PMCID: PMC10782008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) is widely used. However, the optimal duration of small balloon dilation in choledocholithiasis remains controversial. We aimed to determine the optimal duration for 10 mm diameter balloon dilation after limited EST in choledocholithiasis. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 320 patients were randomly assigned to receive small balloon dilation (10 mm in diameter) for 1 min (n = 160) or 3 min (n = 160) after deep bile duct cannulation. No significant difference in success rate of stone extraction between the two groups was observed. The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) was higher in the 1 min group (10.6%) than in the 3 min group (4.4%) (P = 0.034). The logistic regression analysis showed that guidewire into the pancreatic duct, cannulation time > 5 min and 1 min balloon dilation were independent risk factors for PEP. There were no significant differences in other post-ERCP adverse events such as acute cholangitis, bleeding, perforation, etc. between the two groups. In conclusion, 3 min in duration was determined to be the optimal dilation condition for the removal of common bile duct stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yin-Shui Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - You-Xiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guo-Hua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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7
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Wang SF, Wu CH, Sung KF, Tsou YK, Lin CH, Lee CW, Lee MH, Liu NJ. The Impact of Metabolic Factors and Lipid-Lowering Drugs on Common Bile Duct Stone Recurrence after Endoscopic Sphincterotomy with Following Cholecystectomy. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1490. [PMID: 37888101 PMCID: PMC10608674 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent common bile duct stone after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is an undesirable problem, even when a following cholecystectomy is carried out. Important factors are the composition and properties of stones; the most significant etiology among these is the lipid level. While numerous studies have established the association between serum lipid levels and gallstones, no study has previously reported on recurrent common bile duct stones after endoscopic sphincterotomy with following cholecystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected 2016 patients underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017 in Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Finally, 303 patients whose serum lipid levels had been checked following a cholecystectomy after ERCP were included for analysis. We evaluated if metabolic factors including body weight, BMI, HbA1C, serum lipid profile, and lipid-lowering drugs may impact the rate of common bile duct stone recurrence. Furthermore, we tried to find if there is any factor that may impact time to recurrence. RESULTS A serum HDL level ≥ 40 (p = 0.000, OR = 0.207, 95% CI = 0.114-0.376) is a protective factor, and a total cholesterol level ≥ 200 (p = 0.004, OR = 4.558, 95% CI = 1.625-12.787) is a risk factor of recurrent common bile duct stones after endoscopic sphincterotomy with cholecystectomy. Lipid-lowering drugs, specifically statins, have been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence significantly (p = 0.003, OR = 0.297, 95% CI = 0.132-0.665). No factors were found to impact the time to recurrence in this study. CONCLUSIONS The serum lipid level could influence the recurrence of common bile duct stones after endoscopic sphincterotomy followed by cholecystectomy, and it appears that statins can reduce the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (K.-F.S.); (Y.-K.T.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-H.L.); (N.-J.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Huan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (K.-F.S.); (Y.-K.T.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-H.L.); (N.-J.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Feng Sung
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (K.-F.S.); (Y.-K.T.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-H.L.); (N.-J.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Kuan Tsou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (K.-F.S.); (Y.-K.T.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-H.L.); (N.-J.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (K.-F.S.); (Y.-K.T.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-H.L.); (N.-J.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Wei Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsien Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (K.-F.S.); (Y.-K.T.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-H.L.); (N.-J.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Nai-Jen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (K.-F.S.); (Y.-K.T.); (C.-H.L.); (M.-H.L.); (N.-J.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
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8
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Fujita N, Yasuda I, Endo I, Isayama H, Iwashita T, Ueki T, Uemura K, Umezawa A, Katanuma A, Katayose Y, Suzuki Y, Shoda J, Tsuyuguchi T, Wakai T, Inui K, Unno M, Takeyama Y, Itoi T, Koike K, Mochida S. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for cholelithiasis 2021. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:801-833. [PMID: 37452855 PMCID: PMC10423145 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology first published evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for cholelithiasis in 2010, followed by a revision in 2016. Currently, the revised third edition was published to reflect recent evidence on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cholelithiasis conforming to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Following this revision, the present English version of the guidelines was updated and published herein. The clinical questions (CQ) in the previous version were reviewed and rearranged into three newly divided categories: background questions (BQ) dealing with basic background knowledge, CQ, and future research questions (FRQ), which refer to issues that require further accumulation of evidence. Finally, 52 questions (29 BQs, 19 CQs, and 4 FRQs) were adopted to cover the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis. Based on a literature search using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi databases for the period between 1983 and August 2019, along with a manual search of new information reported over the past 5 years, the level of evidence was evaluated for each CQ. The strengths of recommendations were determined using the Delphi method by the committee members considering the body of evidence, including benefits and harms, patient preference, and cost-benefit balance. A comprehensive flowchart was prepared for the diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder stones, common bile duct stones, and intrahepatic stones, respectively. The current revised guidelines are expected to be of great assistance to gastroenterologists and general physicians in making decisions on contemporary clinical management for cholelithiasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Fujita
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan.
- Miyagi Medical Check-up Plaza, 1-6-9 Oroshi-machi, Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 984-0015, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwashita
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ueki
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Uemura
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akiko Umezawa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akio Katanuma
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yu Katayose
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Junichi Shoda
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsuyuguchi
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inui
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takeyama
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochida
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
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9
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Masuda S, Koizumi K, Shionoya K, Jinushi R, Makazu M, Nishino T, Kimura K, Sumida C, Kubota J, Ichita C, Sasaki A, Kobayashi M, Kako M, Haruki U. Comprehensive review on small common bile duct stones. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1955-1968. [PMID: 37155530 PMCID: PMC10122794 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i13.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Common bile duct stones are among the most common conditions encountered by endoscopists. Therefore, it is well researched; however, some items, such as indications for endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD), safety of EPBD and endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy or direct oral anticoagulant, selection strategy for retrieval balloons and baskets, lack adequate evidence. Therefore, the guidelines have been updated with new research, while others remain unchanged due to weak evidence. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the standard methods in guidelines and new findings from recent studies on papillary dilation, stone retrieval devices, difficult-to-treat cases, troubleshooting during the procedure, and complicated cases of cholangitis, cholecystolithiasis, or distal biliary stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakue Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Kazuya Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Kento Shionoya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Jinushi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Makomo Makazu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Karen Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Jun Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Ichita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Akiko Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Makoto Kako
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan
| | - Uojima Haruki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0375, Japan
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10
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Wongkanong C, Patumanond J, Ratanachu-ek T, Junrungsee S, Tantraworasin A. Development of clinical prediction rule for the requirement of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) on endoscopic CBD stone clearance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282899. [PMID: 36928213 PMCID: PMC10019717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To develop a simplified scoring system for clinical prediction of difficulty in CBD stone removal to assist endoscopists working in resource-limited settings in deciding whether to proceed with an intervention or refer patients to a center capable of performing additional procedures and interventions. METHODS This study included patients with CBD stones who underwent ERCP at Pattani Hospital between August 2017 and December 2021. Retrospective cohort data was collected and patients were categorized into two groups: bile duct stones successfully treated by endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy and extraction compared to the former method combined with EPLBD. We explored potential predictors using multivariable logistic regression. The chosen logistic coefficients were transformed into a scoring system based on risk with internal validation via bootstrapping procedure. RESULTS Among the 155 patients who had successful endoscopic therapy for bile duct stones, there were 79 (50.97%) cases of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, EPLBD and extraction versus 76 (49.03%) cases without EPLBD. The factors used to derive a scoring system included the size of CBD stones >15 mm, the difference between the stone and distal CBD diameter >2mm, distal CBD arm length <36 mm and stone shape. The score-based model's area under ROC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.93). For clinical use, the range of scores from 0 to 16, was divided into two subcategories based on CBD stone removal difficulty requiring EPLBD to derive the PPV. For scores <5 and ≥ 5, the PPV was 23.40 (p <0.001) and 93.44 (p <0.001) respectively. The Bootstrap sampling method indicated a prediction ability of 0.88 (AuROC, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94). CONCLUSION This scoring system has acceptable prediction performance in assisting endoscopists in their choice of stone removal procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayanton Patumanond
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thawee Ratanachu-ek
- Surgical Endoscopy Unit, Department of Surgery Rajavithi Hospital, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Mueang Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sunhawit Junrungsee
- Clinical Surgical Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apichat Tantraworasin
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Clinical Surgical Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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11
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Wongkanong C, Patumanond J, Ratanachu‐ek T, Junrungsee S, Tantraworasin A. Common bile duct stone-related parameters and their potential prognostic values for stone extraction requiring endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation. JGH Open 2022; 7:16-23. [PMID: 36660050 PMCID: PMC9840188 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim For difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones, endoscopic sphincterotomy accompanied by endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation (EPLBD) may be the preferred initial procedure according to the selection criteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between CBD stone-related parameters and their potential prognostic values for technically difficult CBD stone extraction requiring EPLBD. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 80 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, or the aforementioned procedures combined with EPLBD, resulting in successful CBD stone extraction in the first session from January 2018 and December 2021. The association between CBD stone-related parameters and stone extraction requiring EPLBD was analyzed by multivariable risk regression analysis. Results In multivariable analysis, the independent predictors of CBD stone extraction that required EPLBD were CBD stones larger than distal CBD diameter by >2 mm (risk ratio [RR] 2.34, 95% CI 1.30-4.19) and the presence of shaped stones (round shape RR 1.69 [95% CI 1.05-2.73]; square shape RR 2.34 [95% CI 1.24, 4.44] vs oval shape). Conclusion Endoscopic CBD stone removal is technically difficult in patients with stones larger than 2 mm in diameter in comparison to the distal CBD diameter or round or square-shaped stones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayanton Patumanond
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Statistics, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Thawee Ratanachu‐ek
- Surgical Endoscopy Unit, Department of SurgeryRajavithi HospitalBangkokThailand,Department of Medical ServicesMinistry of Public HealthBangkokThailand
| | - Sunhawit Junrungsee
- Clinical Surgical Research CenterChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Apichat Tantraworasin
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Statistics, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand,Clinical Surgical Research CenterChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand,Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
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12
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Predictors for stone recurrence after a successful common bile duct surgical exploration for choledocholithiasis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022; 407:1545-1552. [PMID: 35670858 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence after common bile duct stone (CBDS) clearance is the major long-term drawback of their management. Its prevalence is significant, and it occurs after all primary therapeutic alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors associated with stone recurrence after surgical common bile duct exploration (CBDE). METHODS A retrospective cohort study based on patients undergoing CBDE between 2000 and 2018 was conducted. Uni- and multivariate hierarchical regression analyses were performed to assess the independent predictive factors associated with recurrent CBDS in patients with initially successful surgery. RESULTS A total of 365 patients underwent successful surgical procedures. After a median follow-up of 43.2 (IQR 84) months, 31 (8.4%) patients were diagnosed with CBD stone recurrence. The median time to recurrence was 30.3 (IQR 38) months. The only variable associated with CBDS recurrence was preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (HR 2.436, 95% CI: 1.031-5.751, P = 0.042)). CONCLUSION Patients who undergo preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and then cholecystectomy with successful common bile duct clearance may be at increased risk for recurrent stone disease compared to those who go straight to surgery.
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13
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Ji X, Yang Z, Ma SR, Jia W, Zhao Q, Xu L, Kan Y, Cao Y, Wang Y, Fan BJ. New common bile duct morphological subtypes: Risk predictors of common bile duct stone recurrence. World J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 14:236-246. [PMID: 35432763 PMCID: PMC8984516 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i3.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the primary treatment for removing common bile duct (CBD) stones. The risk factors for CBD stone recurrence after ERCP have been discussed for many years. However, the influence of CBD morphology has never been noticed.
AIM To evaluate CBD morphology and other predictors affecting CBD stone recurrence in average patients.
METHODS A retrospective analysis of 502 CBD stone patients who underwent successful therapeutic ERCP for stone extraction at our centre from February 2020 to January 2021 was conducted. CBD morphology and other predictors affecting CBD stone recurrence were examined by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS CBD morphology (P < 0.01), CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm [odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.08-4.46, P = 0.03], and endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy with balloon dilation (ESBD) (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.17-0.75, P < 0.01) are three independent risk factors for CBD stone recurrence. Furthermore, the recurrence rate of patients with the S type was 6.61-fold that of patients with the straight type (OR = 6.61, 95%CI: 2.61-16.77, P < 0.01). The recurrence rate of patients with the polyline type was 2.45-fold that of patients with the straight type (OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.14-5.26, P = 0.02). The recurrence rate of S type patients was 2.70-fold that of patients with the polyline type (OR = 2.70, 95%CI: 1.08-6.73, P = 0.03). Compared with no-ESBD, ESBD could decrease the risk of recurrence.
CONCLUSION CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm and CBD morphology, especially S type and polyline type, were associated with increased recurrence of CBD stones. In addition, ESBD was related to decreased recurrence. Patients with these risk factors should undergo periodic surveillance and standard prophylactic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shu-Ren Ma
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wen Jia
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Kan
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bao-Jun Fan
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
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14
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Williams EJ, Krishnan B, Lau SY. Difficult Biliary Cannulation and Sphincterotomy: What to Do. GASTROINTESTINAL AND PANCREATICO-BILIARY DISEASES: ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC ENDOSCOPY 2022:1121-1153. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56993-8_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
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15
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Ji X, Jia W, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Ma SR, Xu L, Kan Y, Cao Y, Fan BJ, Yang Z. Common bile duct morphology is associated with recurrence of common bile duct stones in Billroth II anatomy patients. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:7671-7681. [PMID: 34621818 PMCID: PMC8462226 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the primary choice for removing common bile duct (CBD) stones in Billroth II anatomy patients. The recurrence of CBD stones is still a challenging problem.
AIM To evaluate CBD morphology and other predictors affecting CBD stone recurrence.
METHODS A retrospective case-control analysis was performed on 138 CBD stones patients with a history of Billroth II gastrectomy, who underwent therapeutic ERCP for stone extraction at our center from January 2011 to October 2020. CBD morphology and other predictors affecting CBD stone recurrence were examined by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS CBD morphology (P < 0.01) and CBD diameter ≥ 1.5 cm (odds ratio [OR] = 6.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.87-20.24, P < 0.01) were the two independent risk factors. In multivariate analysis, the recurrence rate of patients with S type was 16.79 times that of patients with straight type (OR = 16.79, 95%CI: 4.26-66.09, P < 0.01), the recurrence rate of patients with polyline type was 4.97 times that of patients with straight type (OR = 4.97, 95%CI: 1.42-17.38, P = 0.01), and the recurrence rate of S type patients was 3.38 times that of patients with polyline type (OR = 3.38, 95%CI: 1.07-10.72, P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION CBD morphology, especially S type and polyline type, is associated with increased recurrence of CBD stones in Billroth II anatomy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wen Jia
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shu-Ren Ma
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Kan
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bao-Jun Fan
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
- Postgraduate College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
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16
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Kamada T, Ohdaira H, Takeuchi H, Takahashi J, Marukuchi R, Ito E, Suzuki N, Narihiro S, Hoshimoto S, Yoshida M, Yamanouchi E, Suzuki Y. One-stage fluoroscopy-guided laparoscopic transcystic papillary balloon dilation and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis who previously had undergone gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Asian J Endosc Surg 2021; 14:193-199. [PMID: 32790037 PMCID: PMC8048915 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with a history of gastrectomy have a higher incidence of cholecystocholedocholithiasis (CCL) and related morbidities than the general population. However, the management of common bile duct (CBD) stones with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is challenging in patients after Roux-en-Y or Billroth II reconstruction because of the altered gastrointestinal anatomy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of one-stage laparoscopic transcystic papillary balloon dilation and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LTPBD+LC) in patients with previous gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included five patients with CCL who had previously undergone gastrectomy. All five underwent LTPBD+LC between May 2015 and February 2020 at our institution. The primary end-point was complete clearance of the CBD stones. RESULTS Of the 311 patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric cancer from December 2009 to December 2018 at our institution, six (1.9%) were later diagnosed with CCL. Five of the six patients did not need emergency biliary drainage and underwent conservative therapy and subsequent elective LTPBD+LC. LTPBD+LC was successfully performed in all cases. None of the patients required conversion to open surgery. The rate of complete clearance of the CBD stones was 100%. The mean operative time of the entire procedure was 126 minutes (range, 102-144 minutes), and the mean blood loss was 12.4 mL (range, 1-50 mL). There were no major perioperative complications, and the mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 4.2 days (range, 3-7 days). CONCLUSION One-stage LTPBD+LC may be a feasible procedure for patients with CCL who have previously undergone gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Kamada
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Hironori Ohdaira
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Junji Takahashi
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Rui Marukuchi
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Eisaku Ito
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Norihiko Suzuki
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Satoshi Narihiro
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Sojun Hoshimoto
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Masashi Yoshida
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Eigoro Yamanouchi
- Department of RadiologyInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
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17
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Best Procedure for the Management of Common Bile Duct Stones via the Papilla: Literature Review and Analysis of Procedural Efficacy and Safety. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123808. [PMID: 33255554 PMCID: PMC7760048 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endoscopic management of common bile duct stones (CBDS) is standard; however, various techniques are performed via the papilla, and the best procedure in terms of both efficacy and safety has not been determined. Methods: Endoscopic procedures were classified into five categories according to endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and balloon dilation (BD): (1) EST, (2) endoscopic papillary BD (≤10 mm) (EPBD), (3) EST followed by BD (≤10 mm) (ESBD), (4) endoscopic papillary large BD (≥12 mm) (EPLBD), and (5) EST followed by large BD (≥12 mm) (ESLBD). We performed a literature review of prospective and retrospective studies to compare efficacy and adverse events (AEs). Each procedure was associated with different efficacy and AE profiles. Results: In total, 19 prospective and seven retrospective studies with a total of 3930 patients were included in this study. For EST, the complete stone removal rate at the first session, rate of mechanical lithotripsy (ML), and rate of overall AEs in EST were superior to EPBD, but a higher rate of bleeding was found for EST. Based on one retrospective study, complete stone removal rate at the first session, rate of ML, and rate of overall AEs were superior for ESBD vs. EST, and the rate of bleeding for the former was also lower. Complete stone removal rate at the first session and rate of ML for ESLBD were superior to those for EST, with no significant difference in rate of AEs. For EST vs. EPLBD, complete stone removal rate at the first session and rate of ML were superior for the latter. For EPLBD vs. ESLBD, the efficacy and safety were similar. Conclusions: ESBD is considered the best procedure for the management of small CBDS, but strong evidence is lacking. For large CBDS, both ESLBD and EPLBD are similar.
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18
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Ishii S, Fujisawa T, Ushio M, Takahashi S, Yamagata W, Takasaki Y, Suzuki A, Okawa Y, Ochiai K, Tomishima K, Kanazawa R, Saito H, Shiina S, Isayama H. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of minimal endoscopic sphincterotomy followed by papillary balloon dilation for the removal of common bile duct stones. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:290342. [PMID: 32719239 PMCID: PMC8019135 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_162_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A sufficiently open papilla is needed to remove common bile duct stones (CBDS) but endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) requires a high level of skill and is difficult with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD). The main adverse event of EST is bleeding and perforation and that of EPBD is post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. To reduce these adverse events we employed minimal EST followed by papillary dilation (ESBD), and retrospectively evaluated its efficacy and safety compared with EST. PATIENTS AND METHODS CBDS patients who underwent EST (n = 114) or ESBD (n = 321) at Juntendo University Hospital from January 2009 to December 2018 were consecutively enrolled, retrospectively. The exclusion criteria were large-balloon dilation (≥ 12 mm), large CBDS (>12 mm), and previous EST/EPBD. We compared the overall stone removal rate, incidence of adverse event, procedure time, number of ERCP procedures, and rate of mechanical lithotripsy (ML) between the two groups. RESULTS Complete stone removal was successful in both ESBD and EST group. However, the rate of multiple ERCP sessions was significantly lower (35.1% vs. 12.8%, P < 0.001), procedure time was shorter (31.6 vs. 25.8 min, P = 0.01), and rate of ML was lower (16.7% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.01) in ESBD group. Bleeding was significantly more frequent in the EST group (9.6% vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001), particularly acute bleeding (7.9% vs. 0.9%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ESBD is more efficient and safer in the management of CBD stones than EST. A prospective randomized study comparing ESBD with EST is needed to establish this combination technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mako Ushio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamagata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ochiai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Tomishima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kanazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Shiina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Maida M, Sferrazza S, Maida C, Morreale GC, Vitello A, Longo G, Garofalo V, Sinagra E. Management of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy in endoscopy: A review of literature. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:172-192. [PMID: 32843928 PMCID: PMC7415229 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i6.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic procedures hold a basal risk of bleeding that depends on the type of procedure and patients’ comorbidities. Moreover, they are often performed in patients taking antiplatelet and anticoagulants agents, increasing the potential risk of intraprocedural and delayed bleeding. Even if the interruption of antithrombotic therapies is undoubtful effective in reducing the risk of bleeding, the thromboembolic risk that follows their suspension should not be underestimated. Therefore, it is fundamental for each endoscopist to be aware of the bleeding risk for every procedure, in order to measure the risk-benefit ratio for each patient. Moreover, knowledge of the proper management of antithrombotic agents before endoscopy, as well as the adequate timing for their resumption is essential.
This review aims to analyze current evidence from literature assessing, for each procedure, the basal risk of bleeding and the risk of bleeding in patients taking antithrombotic therapy, as well as to review the recommendation of American society for gastrointestinal endoscopy, European society of gastrointestinal endoscopy, British society of gastroenterology, Asian pacific association of gastroenterology and Asian pacific society for digestive endoscopy guidelines for the management of antithrombotic agents in urgent and elective endoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maida
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Sandro Sferrazza
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Carlo Maida
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo 93100, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Vitello
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Cardiology Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Garofalo
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sinagra
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Istituto San Raffaele Giglio, Cefalù 90015, Italy
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20
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Shinoura S, Tokushige A, Chinen K, Mori H, Kato S, Ueda S. Association between contrast-induced nephrotoxicity and contrast enhanced computed tomography followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Eur J Radiol 2020; 129:109074. [PMID: 32473539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) performed within 72 h after contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) increases contrast-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) risk in patients with abdominal complaints. METHOD This single-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive adult patients with abdominal complaints who underwent CECT between October 1, 2016, and June 30, 2019 at an emergency department (ED). CIN was diagnosed based on serum creatinine (SCr) level >0.5 mg/dL within 72 h after CECT or that increased >25 % compared to pre-CECT level. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for CIN, including age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, medication, pre-CECT SCr level >1.5 mg/dL, and ERCP performed within 72 h after CECT. For persistent CIN, SCr level was obtained after 3 months at the earliest and compared to data obtained within 72 h after ERCP and CECT. RESULTS Of 1457 patients with CECT, 90 (6.2 %) underwent ERCP within 72 h after CECT and 93 (6.4 %) developed CIN. Multivariate analysis revealed that ERCP performed within 72 h after CECT (odds ratio, 3.31; 95 % confidence interval, 1.74, 6.29; p < 0.001) and pre-CECT SCr level >1.5 mg/dL (odds ratio, 9.86; 95 % confidence interval, 5.08, 19.2; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CIN. Of 93 patients with CIN, 10 (11 %) had persistent CIN. No specific factors were correlated with persistent CIN in the 3-month time frame. CONCLUSION ERCP performed within 72 h after CECT and pre-CECT SCr level >1.5 mg/dL are associated with CIN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Shinoura
- School of Psychology and Healthcare Management at Akasaka, Department of Healthcare Management, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Research and Quality Management, Center of Clinical Research and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Digestive Diseases, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Prevention and Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Chinen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shin Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Research and Quality Management, Center of Clinical Research and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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21
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Chou CK, Lee KC, Luo JC, Chen TS, Perng CL, Huang YH, Lin HC, Hou MC. Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation less than three minutes for biliary stone removal increases the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233388. [PMID: 32453738 PMCID: PMC7250446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The adequate duration for EPBD was unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of balloon dilatation duration of EPBD on the occurrence of PEP. Methods One hundred and ninety-eight patients with common bile duct (CBD) stone treated by EPBD were retrospectively recruited. The dilatation duration was determined according to adequate opening of the biliary orifice without bleeding. The clinical outcomes and complications of EPBD were recorded. Results We stratified the patients according to dilatation duration (Group A, <3 minutes; Group B, 3–5 minutes; Group C, ≥5 minutes). The group C patients had a higher proportion of large CBD stones (stones ≥10 mm) (33.3% vs. 26.8% vs. 53.5%, p = 0.01). Patients in group A had a significantly higher PEP rate than patients in group B (13.3 vs. 3.1, p = 0.032). There were no significant differences in perforation and bleeding rate among the three groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a dilatation duration of <3 minutes, CBD diameter < 10 mm and age ≤ 75 years were independent risk factors of PEP in post-EPBD patients. Conclusions In patients receiving EPBD, dilatation duration <3 minutes, lower CBD diameter, and younger age were independent risk factors of PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kai Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans’ General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans’ General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KCL); (JCL)
| | - Jiing-Chyuan Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans’ General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KCL); (JCL)
| | - Tseng-Shing Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans’ General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Perng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans’ General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans’ General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chien Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans’ General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans’ General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Li JS, Zou DW, Jin ZD, Chen J, Shi XG, Li ZS, Liu F. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in Billroth II gastrectomy patients: Outcomes and potential factors affecting technical failure. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:355-361. [PMID: 31187782 PMCID: PMC6941460 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_118_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Billroth II gastrectomy patients is technically demanding and factors affecting its technical difficulty have not yet been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of ERCP in Billroth II gastrectomy patients and identify potential factors affecting its technical failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS A large retrospective study of 308 consecutive patients (391 procedures) with Billroth II gastrectomy-who underwent ERCP from January 2002 to December 2016-was conducted. The outcomes of ERCP and potential factors affecting its technical failure were analyzed. RESULTS The success rate of duodenal ampullary access, selective duct cannulation and the accomplishment of expected procedures was 81.3% (318/391), 86.5% (275/318) and 97.3% (256/263), respectively, and the technical success rate was 70.3% (275/391). The overall ERCP-related complication rate was 15.3% (60/391). The multivariate analysis indicated that first-time ERCP attempt [odds ratio (OR) 4.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.34-7.85, P < 0.001], Braun anastomosis (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.38-9.64, P < 0.009), and no cap-assisted gastroscope (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.69-5.51, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with technical failure. CONCLUSIONS ERCP is safe, effective and feasible for Billroth II gastrectomy patients. Previous ERCP history, absence of Braun anastomosis and the use of a cap-assisted gastroscope are the predictive factors for its technical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Su Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo-Wu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Gang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Zhao-Shen Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail:
Dr. Feng Liu, Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Middle Yanchang Road No. 301, Shanghai 200072, China. E-mail:
| | - Feng Liu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Zhao-Shen Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail:
Dr. Feng Liu, Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Middle Yanchang Road No. 301, Shanghai 200072, China. E-mail:
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Sugimoto M, Takagi T, Suzuki R, Konno N, Asama H, Sato Y, Irie H, Watanabe K, Nakamura J, Kikuchi H, Takasumi M, Hashimoto M, Hikichi T, Ohira H. Prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis using pancreatic stents: A review of efficacy, diameter and length. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:259-268. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i6.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases, post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most frequent adverse event that can sometimes be fatal. However, prophylactic pancreatic stent (PS) insertion has been performed to prevent PEP in high-risk patients. In some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses, the efficacy of prophylactic PS insertion has been shown to prevent PEP. In addition, several types of stents have been used to decrease PEP. In this review, we introduce the details of these RCTs and meta-analyses and reveal the specifications for stent placement, for example, the stent diameter and length and the pancreatic region into which the stent should be inserted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Naoki Konno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Hiroki Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Ko Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601295, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601295, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601295, Japan
| | - Mika Takasumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
| | - Minami Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601295, Japan
| | - Takuto Hikichi
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima 9601295, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 9601247, Japan
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24
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Meng W, Leung JW, Zhang K, Zhou W, Wang Z, Zhang L, Sun H, Xue P, Liu W, Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang M, Shao Y, Cai K, Hou S, Li Q, Zhang L, Zhu K, Yue P, Wang H, Zhang M, Sun X, Yang Z, Tao J, Wen Z, Wang Q, Chen B, Shao Q, Zhao M, Zhang R, Jiang T, Liu K, Zhang L, Chen K, Zhu X, Zhang H, Miao L, Wang Z, Li J, Yan X, Wang F, Zhang L, Suzuki A, Tanaka K, Nur U, Weiderpass E, Li X. Optimal dilation time for combined small endoscopic sphincterotomy and balloon dilation for common bile duct stones: a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:425-434. [PMID: 31003961 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic sphincterotomy is the established treatment for common bile duct stones. Balloon dilation offers an alternative. Prolonged dilation (300 s) with a 10 mm diameter balloon decreases the occurrence of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We aimed to determine the optimal duration of dilation for combined endoscopic sphincterotomy and balloon dilation for the removal of common bile duct stones. METHODS We did a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial at 15 tertiary surgical centres in China. Eligible patients (≥18 years) with native papilla and common bile duct stones (≤1·5 cm in size and <2 cm in diameter) undergoing ERCP were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) to receive balloon dilation for 0, 30, 60, 180, or 300 s after deep bile duct cannulation. Randomisation was done by an independent statistician using a computer-generated randomisation list with a block size of ten, stratified by centre. Patients and outcome assessors, but not endoscopists and investigators, were masked to treatment allocation. Balloon dilation was done with controlled radial expansion balloons according to common bile duct stone size. Stones were removed using stone retrieval balloons or baskets. The primary endpoint was overall frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis. The primary efficacy analysis and safety analyses were done in the modified intention-to-treat population, which included all randomly assigned patients with successful cannulation, but excluded those who withdrew consent after randomisation. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02510495, and is complete. FINDINGS Between July 29, 2015, and Dec 1, 2017, 3721 consecutive patients with common bile duct stones were recruited, 1718 of whom were excluded. The remaining 2003 patients underwent a small (3-5 mm) endoscopic sphincterotomy. 83 patients withdrew consent after the ERCP procedure, thus 1920 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (0 s [n=371], 30 s [n=384], 60 s [n=388], 180 s [n=390], and 300 s [n=387]). Overall, post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 199 (10%) of 1920 patients (44 [12%] patients in the 0 s group, 28 [7%] in the 30 s group, 32 [8%] in the 60 s group, 36 [9%] in the 180 s group, and 59 [15%] in the 300 s group). Prolonged dilation (300 s) significantly increased the occurrence of post-ERCP pancreatitis compared with shorter balloon dilation (p=0·002). The frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis was significantly lower in the 30, 60, and 180 s groups than in the 300 s group (relative risk [RR] 0·48, 95% CI 0·31-0·73; p=0·0005 vs the 30 s group; 0·54, 0·36-0·81; p=0·003 vs the 60 s group; 0·61, 0·41-0·89; p=0·01 vs the 180 s group). The frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis was significantly higher in the 0 s group than the 30 s group (RR 1·62, 1·04-2·56; p=0·03). No difference in stone extraction (all ≥90%) was observed between groups. Following ERCP, 90 (5%) of 1920 patients had acute cholangitis, 14 (<1%) had acute cholecystitis, and five (<1%) had gastrointestinal bleeding, with no significant differences between groups. One (<1%) patient had Stapfer II perforation, which resolved spontaneously with conservative treatment. INTERPRETATION A balloon dilation time of 30 s for combined endoscopic sphincterotomy and balloon dilation reduced the frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis and was determined to be the optimum dilation time for the removal of common bile duct stones. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China, Gansu Competitive Foundation Projects for Technology Development and Innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Meng
- Department of Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, CHESS Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Joseph W Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis Medical Center and Sacramento Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Leida Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Minimal Invasive Surgery Centre, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Minimal Invasive Surgery Centre, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jijun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of TISCO), Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Centre, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Liver Surgery Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Senlin Hou
- Department of Biliopancreatic Endoscopic Surgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiyong Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Fifth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kexiang Zhu
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, CHESS Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Centre of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqing Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zilong Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunwei Wang
- Minimal Invasive Surgery Centre, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Bendong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Quan Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of TISCO), Taiyuan, China
| | - Mingning Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Hydatid, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Centre, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Liver Surgery Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Biliopancreatic Endoscopic Surgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kangjie Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhu
- Fifth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Miao
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fangzhao Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingen Zhang
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Azumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ula Nur
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Xun Li
- Fifth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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Sugimoto M, Takagi T, Suzuki R, Konno N, Asama H, Sato Y, Irie H, Watanabe K, Nakamura J, Kikuchi H, Takasumi M, Hashimoto M, Hikichi T, Ohira H. Pancreatic stents to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:249-258. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i5.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) plays a major role in the investigation and treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases. However, post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is a severe adverse effect. Prior meta-analyses have shown that prophylactic PS was useful for preventing PEP. However, abstract reports and patients who underwent endoscopic ampullectomy were included in the previous analyses. In addition, two meta-analyses involved non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The efficacy of PS for preventing severe PEP was different in each meta-analysis. Therefore, we performed the current meta-analysis, which included only full-text articles, and added new findings.
AIM To reveal the efficacy of prophylactic pancreatic stent (PS) placement for preventing PEP.
METHODS We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases for related RCTs. Among the reports retrieved, 11 studies were included in this meta-analysis. All full-text articles were published between 1993 and 2016. A total of 1475 patients were enrolled in the included studies; of these patients, 734 had a PS inserted, and 741 did not have a PS inserted. PEP and severe PEP occurrence were evaluated in this meta-analysis.
RESULTS PEP was observed in all studies and occurred in 39 (5.3%) patients who received a PS. On the other hand, PEP occurred in 141 (19%) patients who did not receive a PS. The occurrence of PEP was significantly lower in the patients who underwent PS placement than in the patients who did not receive a PS (OR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.23-0.45; P < 0.001). In addition, the occurrence of severe PEP was evaluated. Notably, the occurrence of severe PEP was not observed in the stent group; however, the occurrence of severe PEP was observed in 8 (1.3%) patients who did not have a PS inserted. Severe PEP occurred significantly less often in the stent group than in the no stent group (OR = 0.24; 95%CI: 0.06-0.94; P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION In conclusion, prophylactic PS placement is useful for preventing PEP and severe PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Naoki Konno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroki Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ko Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mika Takasumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Minami Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takuto Hikichi
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture 960-1295, Japan
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Dilation after small biliary sphincterotomy. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:414-415. [PMID: 31003962 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Haseeb A, Freeman ML. Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilation Versus Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for Treatment of Bile Duct Stones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 17:221-230. [PMID: 30945095 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-019-00234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the current literature focusing on the indications, efficacy, and safety of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) and endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) in the treatment of bile duct stones. • EPBD without EST is associated with a higher risk of post-procedural pancreatitis and lower rate of stone clearance than EST alone. • EPBD without EST should be at least 2 min in duration, and placement of a pancreatic stent and other measures to reduce pancreatitis risk should be considered. • EPBD without EST is most useful to reduce risk of bleeding in patients with coagulopathy. • EPLBD combined with EST can be used as an alternative or adjunct to mechanical lithotripsy in the removal of large or difficult bile duct stones. • EPLBD combined with EST results in fewer complications than EST alone for removal of bile duct stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 36, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Martin L Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 36, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Tsai MC, Wang CC, Wang YT, Yang TW, Chen HY, Tseng MH, Lin CC. Major bleeding risk of endoscopic sphincterotomy versus endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation in hemodialysis patients. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:106-112. [PMID: 30479319 PMCID: PMC6457181 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_246_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD) are used for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The postprocedure bleeding rate for EPBD is low in the normal population; however, this bleeding rate in a group of patients prone to bleeding, such as patients with end-stage renal disease, is not well-established. We therefore evaluated the post-EST and post-EPBD bleeding rate among hemodialysis (HD) patients based on data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). PATIENTS AND METHODS The NHIRD entries for a population of 2 million were screened for patients who had a catastrophic illness card for HD between 1st January 2004 and 31st December 2011 and these patients were enrolled as research subjects. The rates of major gastrointestinal tract bleeding events appearing within 14 days after EST or EPBD were compared between HD and non-HD patients. RESULTS A total of 3561 patients, over 18 years of age and without liver cirrhosis or hematologic diseases, underwent 3826 EST and 280 EPBD procedures during the 8 calendar years selected for our analysis. The total post-ERCP major bleeding rate was much higher in HD than in non-HD patients (8.64% vs. 2.16%, P < 0.0001). The rate of postprocedure major bleeding events was lower for non-HD patients who underwent EPBD than those who underwent EST (0.75% vs. 2.26%; P = 0.049), whereas the postprocedure major bleeding event rates were similar in HD patients who underwent either EPBD or EST (8.70% vs. 8.33%; P = 0.484). CONCLUSION Post-ERCP, post-EST, and post-EPBD major bleeding rates were all higher in HD patients in this study. EPBD resulted in lower postprocedure major bleeding events than EST in the non-HD population, but it failed to provide the reduction in bleeding events needed to perform endoscopic hemostasis in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tung Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yi Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hseng Tseng
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Information Technology Office, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Prof. Chun-Che Lin, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan. E-mail: Prof. Ming-Hseng Tseng, Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. E-mail:
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Prof. Chun-Che Lin, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan. E-mail: Prof. Ming-Hseng Tseng, Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. E-mail:
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Köksal AŞ, Eminler AT, Parlak E. Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy: Techniques and complications. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:1073-1086. [PMID: 30613665 PMCID: PMC6306628 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i16.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) refers to the cutting of the biliary sphincter and intraduodenal segment of the common bile duct following selective cannulation, using a high frequency current applied with a special knife, sphincterotome, inserted into the papilla. EST is either used solely for the treatment of diseases of the papilla of Vater, such as sphincter of Oddi dysfunction or to facilitate subsequent therapeutic biliary interventions, such as stone extraction, stenting, etc. It is a prerequisite for biliary interventions, thus every practitioner who performs endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography needs to know different techniques and the clinical and anatomic parameters related to the efficacy and safety of the procedure. In this manuscript, we will review the indications, contraindications and techniques of biliary EST and the management of its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Şeref Köksal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sakarya University, School of Medicine, Sakarya 54290, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Eminler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sakarya University, School of Medicine, Sakarya 54290, Turkey
| | - Erkan Parlak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara 41000, Turkey
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30
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Naitoh I, Hori Y. Post-ERCP Complications in Dialysis Patients: Cutting One's Losses or Expanding Possibilities? Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2826-2828. [PMID: 29934722 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Naitoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Yasuki Hori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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Aujla UI, Ladep N, Dwyer L, Hood S, Stern N, Sturgess R. Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation with sphincterotomy is safe and effective for biliary stone removal independent of timing and size of sphincterotomy. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8597-8604. [PMID: 29358868 PMCID: PMC5752720 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the efficacy and safety of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation (EPLBD) in the management of bile duct stones in a Western population.
METHODS Data was collected from the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and Radiology electronic database along with a review of case notes over a period of six years from 1st August 2009 to 31st July 2015 and incorporated into Microsoft excel. Statistical analyses were performed using MedCalc for Windows, version 12.5 (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium). Simple statistical applications were applied in order to determine whether significant differences exist in comparison groups. We initially used simple proportions to describe the study populations. Furthermore, we used chi-square test to compare proportions and categorical variables. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was applied in order to compare continuous variables. All comparisons were deemed to be statistically significant if P values were less than 0.05.
RESULTS EPLBD was performed in 229 patients (46 females) with mean age of 68 ± 14.3 years. 115/229 (50%) patients had failed duct clearance at previous ERCP referred from elsewhere with standard techniques. Duct clearance at the Index* ERCP (1st ERCP at our centre) was 72.5%. Final duct clearance rate was 98%. EPLBD after fresh sphincterotomy was performed in 81 (35.4%). Median balloon size was 13.5 mm (10 - 18). In addition to EPLBD, per-oral cholangioscopy (POC) and electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) was performed in 35 (15%) patients at index* ERCP. 63 (27.5%) required repeat ERCP for stone clearance. 28 (44.5%) required POC and EHL and 11 (17.4%) had repeat EPLBD for complete duct clearance. Larger stone size (12.4 mm vs 17.4 mm, P < 0.000001), multiple stones (2, range (1-13) vs 3, range (1-12), P < 0.006) and dilated common bile duct (CBD) (12.4 mm vs 18.3 mm, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of failed duct clearance at index ERCP. 47 patients (20%) had ampullary or peri-ampullary diverticula. Procedure related adverse events included 2 cases of bleeding and pancreatitis (0.87%) each.
CONCLUSION EPLBD is a safe and effective technique for CBDS removal. There is no difference in outcomes whether it is performed at the time of sphincterotomy or at a later procedure or whether there is a full or limited sphincterotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Iqbal Aujla
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Nimzing Ladep
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Dwyer
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Hood
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Stern
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Sturgess
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
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Alberca de Las Parras F, Egea Valenzuela J, Carballo Álvarez F. Bleeding risk in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Impact of the use of antithrombotic drugs. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2017; 109:202-210. [PMID: 28112960 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2017.4358/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze the risk factors for hemorrhage during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and the impact of antithrombotic drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data sources: papers indexed in PubMed have been reviewed, as well as those found during the analysis of the bibliography of meta-analysis and reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA the references have been firstly evaluated by review of the abstract. After selecting the most significant articles (mainly randomized trials and well-designed case series) these have been deeply analyzed. Evaluation of the studies and synthesis: criteria by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine have been used for the analysis of the references and elaboration of evidence levels. RESULTS Seven hundred and sixty-five references were found, 753 in PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Twelve studies were selected during the analysis of other published articles (systematic reviews, meta-analysis and clinical practice guidelines). After analyzing the title or the abstract, 655 studies were excluded. Finally, 83 high quality trials or descriptive studies have been included in the analysis. CONCLUSION Seven conclusions regarding the risk factors for bleeding and the impact of antithrombotic drugs have been defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Egea Valenzuela
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca
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Kuo YT, Wang HP, Chang CY, Leung JW, Chen JH, Tsai MC, Liao WC. Comparable Long-term Outcomes of 1-Minute vs 5-Minute Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation for Bile Duct Stones. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:1768-1775. [PMID: 28603054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) is an alternative to endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis. Unlike endoscopic sphincterotomy, EPBD preserves biliary sphincter function, reducing long-term risk of recurrent choledocholithiasis by 50%. Guidelines recommend that duration of EPBD exceeds 2 minutes, to adequately loosen the sphincter and reduce risks of failed stone extraction and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. However, it is unclear whether this long duration of EPBD impairs sphincter function and negates the long-term benefit of EPBD. We performed a randomized controlled trial to determine whether long-duration (>1 minute) EPBD increases the risk of subsequent choledocholithiasis and hepatobiliary complications compared with short-duration EPBD (<1 minute). METHODS We performed a prospective study of 170 adult patients who underwent ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis from April 2007 through October 2008 at 2 centers in Taiwan. Patients were randomly assigned to groups that underwent 1-minute (n = 86) or 5-minute (n = 84) EPBD for choledocholithiasis; patients were followed through June 2015. One month after the initial ERCP, patients were examined and liver function tests and abdominal sonographies were performed. Patients were then examined every 3-6 months over a median follow-up period of approximately 7 years. The primary outcome was recurrent choledocholithiasis or acute cholangitis and the secondary outcome was overall hepatobiliary complications. We assessed the effects of EPBD duration by Cox regression. RESULTS Thirteen patients (15.1%) developed recurrent choledocholithiasis or acute cholangitis after 1-minute EPBD, and 10 patients (11.9%) developed recurrent choledocholithiasis or acute cholangitis after 5-minute EPBD (P = .352). There was no significant difference between groups in number of hepatobiliary complications (P = .154). Compared with 1-minute EPBD, 5-minute EPBD did not increase risk of the primary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.82) or the secondary outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-1.40). Mechanical lithotripsy, performed for failed stone extraction with EPBD at initial ERCP, was a risk factor for primary and secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In a randomized controlled trial, we found that the risk of recurrent choledocholithiasis and hepatobiliary complications did not increase with long-duration EPBD (>1 minute), but was increased with mechanical lithotripsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Po Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joseph W Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology, UC Davis Medical Center and Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Cho E, Park CH, Jun CH, Kim HS, Choi SK, Rew JS. Self-expandable metal stents for the extraction of common bile duct stones in patients receiving dual antiplatelet agents: a pilot study. Surg Endosc 2017; 32:1077-1081. [PMID: 28733742 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic sphincterotomy or endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are associated with a high risk of bleeding in patients receiving dual antiplatelet agents (APAs). However, the discontinuation of antiplatelet agents increases the risk of thromboembolic events in these patients. To date, the placement of self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) in patients receiving dual APAs has not been well investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of SEMS placement for the removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients in whom APAs were not discontinued. METHODS Ten consecutive patients who were suspected of having CBD stones and who were receiving dual APAs were prospectively enrolled and underwent temporary SEMS placement, followed by stone extraction and SEMS removal. The patients continued taking dual APAs at the time of undergoing the procedure. RESULTS SEMS placement was successful in all ten patients. Complete duct clearance with the SEMSs was achieved in a single session in all patients with CBD stones (9/9, 100%). One patient had cholangitis, but ERCP did not reveal biliary stones. There were no cases of bleeding during or after the procedure, even though all patients continued to take dual APAs. There were no new thromboembolic events. CONCLUSIONS SEMSs can be used for the extraction of CBD stones in patients on dual APAs, and does not lead to hemorrhagic or thromboembolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunae Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebong-ro, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebong-ro, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Chung Hwan Jun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebong-ro, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebong-ro, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebong-ro, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea
| | - Jong Sun Rew
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebong-ro, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea
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Omar MA, Abdelshafy M, Ahmed MY, Rezk AG, Taha AM, Hussein HM. Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilation Versus Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for Retrieval of Large Choledocholithiasis: A Prospective Randomized Trial. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2017; 27:704-709. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2016.0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Omar
- Department of General Surgery, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelshafy
- Department of General Surgery, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yousef Ahmed
- Department of General Surgery, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Gaber Rezk
- Department of General Surgery, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M. Taha
- Department of General Surgery, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hamdy M. Hussein
- Department of General Surgery, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Management of patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy undergoing endoscopy presents a balance of risks between haemorrhage due to the procedure, and thrombosis due to discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy. Haemorrhage is usually controllable endoscopically, but thrombosis could, on occasion, result in myocardial infarction or stroke, with permanent disability or death. For elective procedures, there is adequate time to plan best management of antithrombotic therapy. International guidelines have been published, but recommendations are based on limited evidence and consultation with appropriate medical specialists, and the patient is important. Patients on dual antiplatelet therapy for coronary stents are at particularly high risk of thrombosis if therapy is interrupted. Direct oral anticoagulants have been a great advance in the management of anticoagulation but can present an increased risk of spontaneous gastrointestinal haemorrhage, as well as a difficult management situation in haemorrhage following endoscopic therapy. For elective endoscopic procedures, there may be a suitable alternative investigation, and some patients can have therapy deferred if high-risk antithrombotic therapy is temporary. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage on antithrombotic therapy can present a life-threatening situation from potential thrombosis as well as haemorrhage. Management is particularly challenging on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), but a reversal agent is available for dabigatran, and others are in development. The safest time to restart antithrombotic therapy after therapeutic procedures or haemorrhage has been little studied, and the relevant risk factors are discussed together with advice on management. Although guidelines have been produced, there remains much uncertainty in the management of antithrombotic therapy for endoscopy, particularly for newer agents, and further research is required.
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Williams E, Beckingham I, El Sayed G, Gurusamy K, Sturgess R, Webster G, Young T. Updated guideline on the management of common bile duct stones (CBDS). Gut 2017; 66:765-782. [PMID: 28122906 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Common bile duct stones (CBDS) are estimated to be present in 10-20% of individuals with symptomatic gallstones. They can result in a number of health problems, including pain, jaundice, infection and acute pancreatitis. A variety of imaging modalities can be employed to identify the condition, while management of confirmed cases of CBDS may involve endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, surgery and radiological methods of stone extraction. Clinicians are therefore confronted with a number of potentially valid options to diagnose and treat individuals with suspected CBDS. The British Society of Gastroenterology first published a guideline on the management of CBDS in 2008. Since then a number of developments in management have occurred along with further systematic reviews of the available evidence. The following recommendations reflect these changes and provide updated guidance to healthcare professionals who are involved in the care of adult patients with suspected or proven CBDS. It is not a protocol and the recommendations contained within should not replace individual clinical judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl Williams
- Bournemouth Digestive Diseases Centre, Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch NHS Hospital Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Ian Beckingham
- HPB Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ghassan El Sayed
- Bournemouth Digestive Diseases Centre, Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch NHS Hospital Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Kurinchi Gurusamy
- Department of Surgery, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Richard Sturgess
- Aintree Digestive Diseases Unit, Aintree University Hospital Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - George Webster
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tudor Young
- Department of Radiology, The Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, UK
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Mok SRS, Arif M, Diehl DL, Khara HS, Ho HC, Elfant AB. Safety and efficacy of minimal biliary sphincterotomy with papillary balloon dilation (m-EBS+EPBD) in patients using clopidogrel or anticoagulation. Endosc Int Open 2017; 5:E157-E164. [PMID: 28337485 PMCID: PMC5361880 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (EBS) or endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) are common techniques of biliary decompression. Potential risks include gastrointestinal hemorrhage, which can be increased by antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants (AC) and/or novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) (ie. apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban). The study aim is to evaluate the safety/efficacy of an alternative technique, minimal-EBS plus EPBD (m-EBS + EPBD), in individuals for whom clopidogrel, AC, and/or NOACs cannot be interrupted due to high cardiovascular or thromboembolic risk. Patients and methods Patients undergoing m-EBS + EPBD while taking clopidogrel and/or AC were retrospectively evaluated at two United States tertiary care centers for efficacy, GIB and procedure-related, cardiovascular and thromboembolic adverse events (AE). Results Ninety-five patients were identified [55 = clopidogrel and 45 = AC (31.1 % NOACs)]. The main indication for ERCP was choledocholithiasis (34 %). 100 % clinical improvement and 97.9 % endoscopic success were found. The incidence of AE was 5.3 %. There was a 4.2 % incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage (2 cases requiring endoscopic intervention). Both severe gastrointestinal hemorrhages also experienced the cases of post-ERCP pancreatitis, and 2 /3 of cholangitis (all aspirin + AC). There was 1cardiovascular event (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction), and no thromboembolic events. Conclusions Minimal-EBS + EPBD is an effective and safe therapy with an incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage of 4.2 %, (2.1 % requiring endoscopic intervention), for patients on clopidogrel and/or AC, with a high risk for cardiovascular/thromboembolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaffer R. S. Mok
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, 501 Fellowship Rd, Suite 101, Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054,Corresponding author Shaffer R. S. Mok, MD, MBS Cooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityMD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper501 Fellowship Rd, Suite 101Mt. Laurel, NJ USA 08054 (856) 642-2134
| | - Murtaza Arif
- Geisinger Health Systems, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 100 N Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822
| | - David L Diehl
- Geisinger Health Systems, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 100 N Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822
| | - Harshit S Khara
- Geisinger Health Systems, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 100 N Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822
| | - Henry C Ho
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, 501 Fellowship Rd, Suite 101, Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054
| | - Adam B Elfant
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, 501 Fellowship Rd, Suite 101, Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054
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Liu D, Cao F, Liu J, Xu D, Wang Y, Li F. Risk factors for bile leakage after primary closure following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Surg 2017; 17:1. [PMID: 28056934 PMCID: PMC5217550 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-016-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary closure following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) has been widely adopted because of the efficacy and safety in treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, the risk factors for bile leakage, the most common complication after primary closure, has not been clarified yet. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent LCBDE with primary closure after choledochotomy between Feb. 2012 and Jun. 2016 was performed. Risk factors for bile leakage were identified by logistic regression inculding demographic factors, preoperative condition and surgical details. Results Between Feb. 2012 and Jun. 2016, a total of 265 LCBDE procedures were applied in our hospital and 141 patients with primary closure were included in this study. Bile leakage occurred in 11.3% (16/141) of these patients, and happened more frequently in patients with slender CBD (<1 vs ≥1 cm, 31.6% vs 7.0%, p = 0.04) and those managed by inexperienced surgeons (initial 70 cases vs later cases, 17.1% vs 5.6%, p = 0.04). After multivariable regression, the diameter of CBD [OR 95% CI, 3.799 (1.081–13.349), p = 0.04] and experience of surgeons [OR 95% CI, 4.228 (1.330–13.438), p = 0.03] were significantly related to bile leakage. Conclusion Slender CBD and inexperienced surgeons were the high risk factors for bile leakage after primary closure following LCBDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahua Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Approximately 10-15% of bile duct stones cannot be treated using conventional stone removal techniques. For difficult common bile duct stones (CBDS), various endoscopic techniques have been developed. This review covers technical tips and endoscopic treatments including Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), particularly under Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance. Areas covered: Literatures about endoscopic treatment for bile duct stone were searched in Pub Med. As novel methods, EUS-guided approaches have also been reported, although long-term results and prospective evaluation are not yet sufficient. Large stones may need fragmentation prior to removal, to prevent stone impaction. To perform fragmentation, mechanical lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or laser lithotripsy techniques are available. Expert commentary: Despite the fact that most bile duct stones can be treated using endoscopic techniques, endoscopists should remind to be able to select the temporary biliary stenting or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage as an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ogura
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- a 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Osaka , Japan
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41
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Park SM. Recent Advanced Endoscopic Management of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Related Duodenal Perforations. Clin Endosc 2016; 49:376-82. [PMID: 27484814 PMCID: PMC4977750 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2016.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The management strategy for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related duodenal perforation can be determined based on the site and extent of injury, the patient’s condition, and time to diagnosis. Most cases of perivaterian or bile duct perforation can be managed with a biliary stent or nasobiliary drainage. Duodenal wall perforations had been treated with immediate surgical repair. However, with the development of endoscopic devices and techniques, endoscopic closure has been reported to be a safe and effective treatment that uses through-the-scope clips, ligation band, fibrin glue, endoclips and endoloops, an over-the-scope clipping device, suturing devices, covering luminal stents, and open-pore film drainage. Endoscopic therapy could be instituted in selected patients in whom perforation was identified early or during the procedure. Early diagnosis, proper conservative management, and effective endoscopic closure are required for favorable outcomes of non-surgical management. If endoscopic treatment fails, or in the cases of clinical deterioration, prompt surgical management should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Mee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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42
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Fujisawa T, Kagawa K, Hisatomi K, Kubota K, Nakajima A, Matsuhashi N. Is endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation really a risk factor for post-ERCP pancreatitis? World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5909-5916. [PMID: 27468185 PMCID: PMC4948272 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD) is useful for decreasing early complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP), including bleeding, biliary infection, and perforation, but it is generally avoided in Western countries because of a relatively high reported incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). However, as the efficacy of endoscopic papillary large-balloon dilatation (EPLBD) becomes widely recognized, EPBD is attracting attention. Here we investigate whether EPBD is truly a risk factor for PEP, and seek safer and more effective EPBD procedures by reviewing past studies. We reviewed thirteen randomised control trials comparing EPBD and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and ten studies comparing direct EPLBD and EST. Three randomized controlled trials of EPBD showed significantly higher incidence of PEP than EST, but no study of EPLBD did. Careful analysis of these studies suggested that longer and higher-pressure inflation of balloons might decrease PEP incidence. The paradoxical result that EPBD with small-calibre balloons increases PEP incidence while EPLBD does not may be due to insufficient papillary dilatation in the former. Insufficient dilatation could cause the high incidence of PEP through the use of mechanical lithotripsy and stress on the papilla at the time of stone removal. Sufficient dilation of the papilla may be useful in preventing PEP.
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43
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Veitch AM, Vanbiervliet G, Gershlick AH, Boustiere C, Baglin TP, Smith LA, Radaelli F, Knight E, Gralnek IM, Hassan C, Dumonceau JM. Endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, including direct oral anticoagulants: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines. Gut 2016; 65:374-89. [PMID: 26873868 PMCID: PMC4789831 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The risk of endoscopy in patients on antithrombotics depends on the risks of procedural haemorrhage versus thrombosis due to discontinuation of therapy. P2Y12 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS CLOPIDOGREL, PRASUGREL, TICAGRELOR: For low-risk endoscopic procedures we recommend continuing P2Y12 receptor antagonists as single or dual antiplatelet therapy (low quality evidence, strong recommendation); For high-risk endoscopic procedures in patients at low thrombotic risk, we recommend discontinuing P2Y12 receptor antagonists five days before the procedure (moderate quality evidence, strong recommendation). In patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, we suggest continuing aspirin (low quality evidence, weak recommendation). For high-risk endoscopic procedures in patients at high thrombotic risk, we recommend continuing aspirin and liaising with a cardiologist about the risk/benefit of discontinuation of P2Y12 receptor antagonists (high quality evidence, strong recommendation). WARFARIN The advice for warfarin is fundamentally unchanged from British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) 2008 guidance. DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS DOAC For low-risk endoscopic procedures we suggest omitting the morning dose of DOAC on the day of the procedure (very low quality evidence, weak recommendation); For high-risk endoscopic procedures, we recommend that the last dose of DOAC be taken ≥48 h before the procedure (very low quality evidence, strong recommendation). For patients on dabigatran with CrCl (or estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR) of 30-50 mL/min we recommend that the last dose of DOAC be taken 72 h before the procedure (very low quality evidence, strong recommendation). In any patient with rapidly deteriorating renal function a haematologist should be consulted (low quality evidence, strong recommendation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Veitch
- Department of Gastroenterology, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Geoffroy Vanbiervliet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Universitaire L'Archet 2, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Anthony H Gershlick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospitals of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Trevor P Baglin
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley-Ann Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Franco Radaelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Gastroenterologia, Servizio di Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy
| | | | - Ian M Gralnek
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Cesare Hassan
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Zou YX, Yu DC. Diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis: A review based on meta-analyses. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:879-885. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i6.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is common disease whose diagnosis and treatment are important for doctors. Nowadays, main diagnostic methods include X-ray, ultrasonography, CT and MRI. Major treatments are surgical and endoscopic approaches. With evidence based medicine developing, more and more meta-analyses, which provide much best evidence, are reported. By means of summarizing these meta-analyses, we provide the best evidence for clinicians to update their knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis.
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45
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Small endoscopic sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large-balloon dilation in the treatment of patients with large bile duct stones. Eur Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-016-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Kim TH, Kim JH, Seo DW, Lee DK, Reddy ND, Rerknimitr R, Ratanachu-Ek T, Khor CJL, Itoi T, Yasuda I, Isayama H, Lau JYW, Wang HP, Chan HH, Hu B, Kozarek RA, Baron TH. International consensus guidelines for endoscopic papillary large-balloon dilation. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83:37-47. [PMID: 26232360 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wan Seo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nageshwar D Reddy
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Christopher J L Khor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James Y W Lau
- Department of Surgery, Endoscopic Center, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiu-Po Wang
- Endoscopic Division, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hoi-Hung Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Endoscopy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard A Kozarek
- Digestive Disease Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Todd H Baron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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47
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Easler JJ, Sherman S. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for the Management of Common Bile Duct Stones and Gallstone Pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2015; 25:657-75. [PMID: 26431596 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biliary disease is a common cause of acute pancreatitis. Risk stratification for persistent pancreatobiliary obstruction is important for selecting a treatment approach. Most common bile duct stones are extracted with standard endoscopic techniques. However, prior foregut surgery, stones with extreme morphologic attributes, and at difficult positions within the biliary system are technically challenging and predict a need for advanced biliary endoscopic techniques. Surgical common bile duct exploration at the time of cholecystectomy is appropriate in centers with experience. We outline the options and approach for the clinician to successfully identify and manage patients with symptomatic choledocholithiasis with or without biliary pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Easler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Stuart Sherman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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48
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Jang JS, Lee S, Lee HS, Yeon MH, Han JH, Yoon SM, Chae HB, Youn SJ, Park SM. Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation Using Cap-Fitted Forward-Viewing Endoscope in Patients Who Underwent Billroth II Gastrectomy. Clin Endosc 2015; 48:421-7. [PMID: 26473126 PMCID: PMC4604281 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2015.48.5.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopic exploration of the common bile duct (CBD) is difficult and dangerous in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy (B-II). Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) via a cap-fitted forward-viewing endoscope has been reported to be an effective and safe procedure. We analyzed the technical success and complications of EPBD in patients who underwent B-II. METHODS Thirty-six consecutive patients with B-II were enrolled from among 2,378 patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a single institute in the last 4 years. The EPBD procedure was carried out using a cap-fitted forward-viewing endoscope with 8-mm balloon catheters for 60 seconds. We analyzed the rates of CBD exploration, technical success, and complications. RESULTS Afferent loop intubation was performed in all patients and selective cannulation of the bile duct was performed in 32 patients (88.9%). Complications such as transient hypoxia were observed in two patients (5.6%) and perforation, in three patients (9.7%). The perforation sites were ductal injury in two patients and one patient showed retroperitoneal air alone without symptoms. Three patients manifested different clinical courses of severe acute pancreatitis and peritonitis, transient abdominal pain, and retroperitoneal air alone. The condition of one patient improved with surgery and that of the other two patients, with conservative management. CONCLUSIONS Patients with perforation during EPBD in B-II showed different clinical courses. Tailored treatment strategies are necessary for improving the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee Seung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Yeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Soon Man Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee Bok Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sei Jin Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seon Mee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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49
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Guo SB, Meng H, Duan ZJ, Li CY. Small sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation vs sphincterotomy alone for removal of common bile duct stones. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17962-17969. [PMID: 25548495 PMCID: PMC4273147 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic papillary large diameter balloon dilation (EPLBD) following limited endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and EST alone for removal of large common bile duct (CBD) stones.
METHODS: We retrospectively compared EST + EPLBD (group A, n = 64) with EST alone (group B, n = 89) for the treatment of large or multiple bile duct stones. The success rate of stone clearance, procedure-related complications and incidents, frequency of mechanical lithotripsy use, and recurrent stones were recorded.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding periampullary diverticula (35.9% vs 34.8%, P > 0.05), pre-cut sphincterotomy (6.3% vs 6.7%, P > 0.05), size (12.1 ± 2.0 mm vs 12.9 ± 2.6 mm, P > 0.05) and number (2.2 ± 1.9 vs 2.4 ± 2.1, P > 0.05) of stones or the diameters of CBD (15.1 ± 3.3 mm vs 15.4 ± 3.6 mm, P > 0.05). The rates of overall stone removal and stone removal in the first session were not significantly different between the two groups [62/64 (96.9%) vs 84/89 (94.4%), P > 0.05; and 58/64 (90.6%) vs 79/89 (88.8%), P > 0.05, respectively]. The rates of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia were not significantly different between the two groups [3/64 (4.7%) vs 4/89 (4.5%), P > 0.05; 7/64 (10.9%) vs 9/89 (10.1%), P > 0.05, respectively]. There were no cases of perforation, acute cholangitis, or cholecystitis in the two groups. The rate of bleeding and the recurrence of CBD stones were significantly lower in group A than in group B [1/64 (1.6%) vs 5/89 (5.6%), P < 0.05; 1/64 (1.6%) vs 6/89 (6.7%), P < 0.05, respectively].
CONCLUSION: EST + EPLBD is an effective and safe endoscopic approach for removing large or multiple CBD stones.
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Jang SI, Yun GW, Lee DK. Balloon dilation itself may not be a major determinant of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16913-16924. [PMID: 25493004 PMCID: PMC4258560 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.16913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the essential first modality for common bile duct (CBD) stone therapy. The conventional endoscopic treatment for CBD stones is stone removal after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). Stone removal after papillary stretching using balloon dilation instead of the conventional method has been widely adopted. There are many reports regarding endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) utilizing a small balloon (< 10 mm) instead of EST for the removal of small CBD stones. In contrast, two cases of mortality due to post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) were reported after an EPBD clinical trial in the Western world, and the psychological barrier caused by these incidences hinders the use of this technique in Western countries. Endoscopic papillar large balloon dilation (EPLBD), which is used to treat large CBD stones, was not widely adopted when first introduced due to concerns about perforation and severe pancreatitis from the use of a large balloon (12-20 mm). However, as experience with this procedure accumulates, the occurrence of PEP with EPLBD is confirmed to be much lower than with EPBD. This report reviews whether EPBD and EPLBD, two procedures that use balloon dilation but differ in terms of indications and concept, contribute to the occurrence of PEP.
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