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Padhi S, Sarkar P, Sahoo D, Rai AK. Potential of fermented foods and their metabolites in improving gut microbiota function and lowering gastrointestinal inflammation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2025; 105:4058-4069. [PMID: 38299734 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Foods prepared using microbial conversion of major and minor food components, which are otherwise known as fermented foods continue to impact human health. The live microorganisms and transformed metabolites can also have a deep influence on the gut microbiota, the multifaceted population of microorganisms dwelling inside the gut play a key role in wellbeing of an individual. The probiotic strains delivered through the consumption of fermented food and other bioactive components such as polyphenolic metabolites, bioactive peptides, short-chain fatty acids and others including those produced via gut microbiota mediated transformations have been proposed to balance the gut microbiota diversity and activity, and also to regulate the inflammation in the gut. However, little is known about such effects and only a handful of fermented foods have been explored to date. We herein review the recent knowledge on the dysbiotic gut microbiota linking to major gut inflammatory diseases. Also, evidences that fermented food consumption modulates the gut microbiota, and its impact on the gut inflammation and inflammatory diseases have been discussed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srichandan Padhi
- Nutrition Biotechnlogy Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Puja Sarkar
- Nutrition Biotechnlogy Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Nutrition Biotechnlogy Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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Dong Z, Yu K, Xin Y, Gao X, Bu F, Zhao D, Ren D, Lu J, Wang D. Association between gut microbiota and peptic ulcer disease, particularly gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1277300. [PMID: 38274744 PMCID: PMC10808813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1277300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent an observational study has suggested a potential connection between gut microbiota (GM) and peptic ulcer diseases (PUDs), particularly gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU). However, the causal connection remains unsure. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) is carried out to explore the connection between the GM and DU or GU. Data on the GM comes from the MiBioGend database, and GU or DU data are based on the FinnGen database. One group of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P < 5 × 10-8) are served as instrumental variables (IVs). To obtain a more comprehensive conclusion, the other SNPs (P < 1 × 10-5) are selected as IVs. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) is used to determine the causal relationship. Results At the level of P < 1 × 10-5, the IVW analysis suggests that Clostridiaceae1, Butyriccoccus, and Peptcoccus have harmful effects on GU, while LachnospiraceaeUCG004 and MollicutesRF9 have beneficial effects on GU. Then, in the case of DU, the IVW analysis suggested that Lentisphaeria, Negativicutes, Clostridiaceae1, ClostridiumseMnsustricto1, ErysipelotrichaceaeUCG003, LachnospiraceaeNC2004group, Selenomonadale, Victivallales, and Lentisphaerae have harmful effects, while Catenibacterium, Escherichia.Shigella, LachnospiraceaeUCG008, and Sutterella have beneficial effects. When P < 5 × 10-8, IVW analysis suggests that GM has no significant influence on GU or DU. Conclusion This two-sample MR indicates a causal relationship between GM and GU or DU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Dong
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuchao Xin
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xulei Gao
- Second Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fan Bu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dingliang Zhao
- Department of Second Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Donghui Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ji Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daguang Wang
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
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Zhang W, Yang Z, Zheng J, Fu K, Wong JH, Ni Y, Ng TB, Cho CH, Chan MK, Lee MM. A Bioresponsive Genetically Encoded Antimicrobial Crystal for the Oral Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301724. [PMID: 37675807 PMCID: PMC10602570 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes infection in the stomach and is a major factor for gastric carcinogenesis. The application of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative treatment to traditional antibiotics is limited by their facile degradation in the stomach, their poor penetration of the gastric mucosa, and the cost of peptide production. Here, the design and characterization of a genetically encoded H. pylori-responsive microbicidal protein crystal Cry3Aa-MIIA-AMP-P17 is described. This designed crystal exhibits preferential binding to H. pylori, and when activated, promotes the targeted release of the AMP at the H. pylori infection site. Significantly, when the activated Cry3Aa-MIIA-AMP-P17 crystals are orally delivered to infected mice, the Cry3Aa crystal framework protects its cargo AMP against degradation, resulting in enhanced in vivo efficacy against H. pylori infection. Notably, in contrast to antibiotics, treatment with the activated crystals results in minimal perturbation of the mouse gut microbiota. These results demonstrate that engineered Cry3Aa crystals can serve as an effective platform for the oral delivery of therapeutic peptides to treat gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel BiomaterialsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Zaofeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel BiomaterialsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jiale Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel BiomaterialsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Kaili Fu
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Present address:
School of Health SciencesCaritas Institute of Higher EducationHong Kong999077China
| | - Yunbi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Present address:
School of PharmacyUniversity of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou646000China
| | - Michael K. Chan
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel BiomaterialsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Marianne M. Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel BiomaterialsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
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Sharma P, Phatak SM, Warikoo P, Mathur A, Mahant S, Das K, Das R. Crosstalk between Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota in various gastroduodenal diseases-A systematic review. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:303. [PMID: 37588796 PMCID: PMC10425313 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroduodenal diseases have prevailed for a long time and more so due to dominance of gut bacteria Helicobacter pylori in most of the cases. But habitation by other gut microbiota in gastroduodenal diseases and the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota in different gastroduodenal diseases is somewhat being unravelled in the current times. For this systematic review, we did a literature search of various gastroduodenal diseases and the effect on gut microbiota pertaining to it. A search of the online bibliographic databases PUBMED and PUBMED CENTRAL was carried out to identify articles published between 1977 and May 2022. The analysis of these selected studies highlighted the inhabitation of other gut microbiota such as Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Streptococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, and many others. Interplay between these microbiota and H. pylori have also been noted which suggested that gastroduodenal diseases and gut microbiota are intertwined by a symbiotic association regardless of the H. pylori status. The relationship between the gut microbiota and many gastroduodenal diseases, such as gastritis, gastric cancer, lymphomas, and ulcers, demonstrates the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in both the presence and absence of H. pylori. The evolving ways for eliminating H. pylori are provided along with inhibiting qualities of other species on H. pylori. Most significant member of our gut system is Helicobacter pylori which has been associated with numerous diseases like gastric cancer, gastritis, duodenal ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Sharma
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P. India
| | - Shravani M. Phatak
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P. India
| | - Prisha Warikoo
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P. India
| | - Akshita Mathur
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P. India
| | - Shweta Mahant
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P. India
| | - Kunal Das
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yashoda Super Speciality Hospital, Kaushambi, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rajashree Das
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P. India
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Zhou S, Li C, Liu L, Yuan Q, Miao J, Wang H, Ding C, Guan W. Gastric microbiota: an emerging player in gastric cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130001. [PMID: 37180252 PMCID: PMC10172576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Many microbial factors influence GC, of which the most widely accepted one is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. H. pylori causes inflammation, immune reactions and activation of multiple signaling pathways, leading to acid deficiency, epithelial atrophy, dysplasia and ultimately GC. It has been proved that complex microbial populations exist in the human stomach. H. pylori can affect the abundance and diversity of other bacteria. The interactions among gastric microbiota are collectively implicated in the onset of GC. Certain intervention strategies may regulate gastric homeostasis and mitigate gastric disorders. Probiotics, dietary fiber, and microbiota transplantation can potentially restore healthy microbiota. In this review, we elucidate the specific role of the gastric microbiota in GC and hope these data can facilitate the development of effective prevention and therapeutic approaches for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinggang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Heath V, Cloutman-Green E, Watkin S, Karlikowska M, Ready D, Hatcher J, Pearce-Smith N, Brown C, Demirjian A. Staphylococcus capitis: Review of Its Role in Infections and Outbreaks. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040669. [PMID: 37107031 PMCID: PMC10135222 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In June 2021, a national incident team was formed due to an increased detection of Staphylococcus capitis in samples from hospitalised infants. Staphylococcus capitis has been known to cause outbreaks in neonatal units across the globe, but the extent of the UK spread was unclear. A literature review was undertaken to support case identification, clinical management and environmental infection control. A literature search was undertaken on multiple databases from inception to 24 May 2021, using keywords such as “Staphylococcus capitis”, “NRCS-A”, “S. capitis”, “neonate”, “newborn” and “neonatal intensive care unit” (NICU). After screening, 223 articles of relevance were included. Results show incidences of S. capitis outbreaks have frequently been associated with the outbreak clone (NRCS-A) and environmental sources. The NRCS-A harbours a multidrug resistance profile that includes resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides, with several papers noting resistance or heteroresistance to vancomycin. The NRCS-A clone also harbours a novel SCCmec-SCCcad/ars/cop composite island and increased vancomycin resistance. The S. capitis NRCS-A clone has been detected for decades, but the reasons for the potentially increased frequency are unclear, as are the most effective interventions to manage outbreaks associated with this clone. This supports the need for improvements in environmental control and decontamination strategies to prevent transmission.
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Hoshi K, Kikuchi H, Narita K, Fukutoku Y, Asari T, Miyazawa K, Murai Y, Sawada Y, Tatsuta T, Hasui K, Hiraga H, Chinda D, Mikami T, Subsomwong P, Asano K, Nakane A, Fukuda S, Sakuraba H. Bacterial exposure risk to the endoscopist's face while performing endoscopy. DEN OPEN 2023; 3:e209. [PMID: 36714062 PMCID: PMC9873584 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Gastrointestinal endoscopy increases the risk of bacterial exposure to endoscopists. However, before 2019, most endoscopists did not pay attention to microorganism transmission from patients. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of bacterial exposure to endoscopists' faces during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures using the bacterial culture method. Methods This was a single-centered, retrospective study including endoscopists who performed various gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures at the Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital between August 31 and October 6, 2020. Endoscopists wore surgical masks and affixed pre-sterilized films over them. Following the gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures, attached microbes were collected from the endoscopists' surface films using sterilized swabs. Collected microorganisms were cultured on tryptic soy agar and 5% sheep blood agar, and the incidence of bacterial exposure was determined by bacterial culture positivity. Cultured bacteria were identified by gram staining and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Bacterial culture positivity was 12.6%, and it was significantly higher in therapeutic than in diagnostic endoscopy. Notably, therapeutic endoscopy increased bacterial culture positivity in colonoscopy, but not in esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Staphylococci, including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus capitis, were the most commonly found bacteria in samples identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Conclusions The risk of bacterial exposure to the endoscopist's face was increased in colonoscopy treatment procedures. Therefore, endoscopists should be aware of the significant risk of microbial infection from scattering fluid that comes from the endoscopy's working channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Hidezumi Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan,Department of Community MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Koji Narita
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan,Institute for Animal ExperimentationHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Yukari Fukutoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Taka Asari
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Kuniaki Miyazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Yohei Sawada
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Tetsuya Tatsuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Keisuke Hasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Hiroto Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Daisuke Chinda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Department of Preemptive MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Phawinee Subsomwong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Akio Nakane
- Department of Biopolymer and Health ScienceHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and HematologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
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Zi M, Zhang Y, Hu C, Zhang S, Chen J, Yuan L, Cheng X. A literature review on the potential clinical implications of streptococci in gastric cancer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1010465. [PMID: 36386672 PMCID: PMC9643750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1010465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus is widely found in nature and the human body, and most species are not pathogenic. In recent years, studies have found that Streptococcus is associated with gastric cancer. Streptococcus was found to be enriched in the oral cavity, stomach and intestine of gastric cancer patients and found to be increased in gastric cancer tissues, suggesting that Streptococcus may be the pathogenic bacteria underlying gastric cancer. This review discusses the discovery of Streptococcus, the relationship between Streptococcus and gastric cancer, and the possible carcinogenic mechanism of Streptococcus and summarizes the progress of the research on the role of Streptococcus in gastric cancer to provide new ideas for the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zi
- Department of Gastric surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiang Zhang
- Department of Gastric surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Gastric surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Gastric surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Department of Gastric surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Gastric surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Gastric surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Inflammation and Gastric Cancer. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030035. [PMID: 35892729 PMCID: PMC9326573 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a major killer globally, although its incidence has declined over the past century. It is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Gastric cancer is the outcome of a complex interaction between environmental, host genetic, and microbial factors. There is significant evidence supporting the association between chronic inflammation and the onset of cancer. This association is particularly robust for gastrointestinal cancers in which microbial pathogens are responsible for the chronic inflammation that can be a triggering factor for the onset of those cancers. Helicobacter pylori is the most prominent example since it is the most widespread infection, affecting nearly half of the world’s population. It is well-known to be responsible for inducing chronic gastric inflammation progressing to atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and eventually, gastric cancer. This review provides an overview of the association of the factors playing a role in chronic inflammation; the bacterial characteristics which are responsible for the colonization, persistence in the stomach, and triggering of inflammation; the microbiome involved in the chronic inflammation process; and the host factors that have a role in determining whether gastritis progresses to gastric cancer. Understanding these interconnections may improve our ability to prevent gastric cancer development and enhance our understanding of existing cases.
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Dey P, Ray Chaudhuri S. Cancer-Associated Microbiota: From Mechanisms of Disease Causation to Microbiota-Centric Anti-Cancer Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:757. [PMID: 35625485 PMCID: PMC9138768 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the only well-established bacterial cause of cancer. However, due to the integral role of tissue-resident commensals in maintaining tissue-specific immunometabolic homeostasis, accumulated evidence suggests that an imbalance of tissue-resident microbiota that are otherwise considered as commensals, can also promote various types of cancers. Therefore, the present review discusses compelling evidence linking tissue-resident microbiota (especially gut bacteria) with cancer initiation and progression. Experimental evidence supporting the cancer-causing role of gut commensal through the modulation of host-specific processes (e.g., bile acid metabolism, hormonal effects) or by direct DNA damage and toxicity has been discussed. The opportunistic role of commensal through pathoadaptive mutation and overcoming colonization resistance is discussed, and how chronic inflammation triggered by microbiota could be an intermediate in cancer-causing infections has been discussed. Finally, we discuss microbiota-centric strategies, including fecal microbiota transplantation, proven to be beneficial in preventing and treating cancers. Collectively, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of tissue-resident microbiota, their cancer-promoting potentials, and how beneficial bacteria can be used against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Saumya Ray Chaudhuri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India;
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Liatsos C, Papaefthymiou A, Kyriakos N, Galanopoulos M, Doulberis M, Giakoumis M, Petridou E, Mavrogiannis C, Rokkas T, Kountouras J. Helicobacter pylori, gastric microbiota and gastric cancer relationship: Unrolling the tangle. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:959-972. [PMID: 35646287 PMCID: PMC9124990 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i5.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp-I) represents a typical microbial agent intervening in the complex mechanisms of gastric homeostasis by disturbing the balance between the host gastric microbiota and mucosa-related factors, leading to inflammatory changes, dysbiosis and eventually gastric cancer. The normal gastric microbiota shows diversity, with Proteobacteria [Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) belongs to this family], Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides and Fusobacteria being the most abundant phyla. Most studies indicate that H. pylori has inhibitory effects on the colonization of other bacteria, harboring a lower diversity of them in the stomach. When comparing the healthy with the diseased stomach, there is a change in the composition of the gastric microbiome with increasing abundance of H. pylori (where present) in the gastritis stage, while as the gastric carcinogenesis cascade progresses to gastric cancer, the oral and intestinal-type pathogenic microbial strains predominate. Hp-I creates a premalignant environment of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and the subsequent alteration in gastric microbiota seems to play a crucial role in gastric tumorigenesis itself. Successful H. pylori eradication is suggested to restore gastric microbiota, at least in primary stages. It is more than clear that Hp-I, gastric microbiota and gastric cancer constitute a challenging tangle and the strong interaction between them makes it difficult to unroll. Future studies are considered of crucial importance to test the complex interaction on the modulation of the gastric microbiota by H. pylori as well as on the relationships between the gastric microbiota and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41336, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kyriakos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Michail Galanopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau 1234, Switzerland
| | - Marios Giakoumis
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Evangelia Petridou
- Department of Microbiology, “Agia Sofia” Paediatric Hospital, Goudi, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christos Mavrogiannis
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Faculty of Nursing, Kifissia General and Oncology Hospital, Kaliftaki, N.Kifisia 14564, Greece
| | - Theodore Rokkas
- Gastroenterological Clinic, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 41336, Macedonia, Greece
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Gastric Non-Helicobacter pylori Urease-Positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus salivarius Isolated from Humans Have Contrasting Effects on H. pylori-Associated Gastric Pathology and Host Immune Responses in a Murine Model of Gastric Cancer. mSphere 2022; 7:e0077221. [PMID: 35138124 PMCID: PMC8826947 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00772-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In populations with similar prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, cancer risk can vary dramatically. Changes in composition or structure of bacterial communities in the stomach, either at the time of exposure or over the course of H. pylori infection, may contribute to gastric pathology. In this study, a population of 37 patients from the low-gastric-cancer-risk (LGCR) region of Tumaco, Colombia, and the high-gastric-cancer-risk (HGCR) region of Túquerres, Colombia, were recruited for gastric endoscopy. Antral biopsy specimens were processed for histology and bacterial isolation. Fifty-nine distinct species among 26 genera were isolated by aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerobic culture and confirmed by 16S rRNA analysis. Urease-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus salivarius were frequently isolated from gastric biopsy specimens. We asked whether coinfection of H. pylori with urease-positive S. salivarius and/or S. epidermidis had a demonstrable effect on H. pylori-induced gastritis in the germfree (GF) INS-GAS mouse model. Coinfections with S. salivarius and/or S. epidermidis did not affect gastric H. pylori colonization. At 5 months postinfection, GF INS-GAS mice coinfected with H. pylori and S. salivarius had statistically higher pathological scores in the stomachs than mice infected with H. pylori only or H. pylori with S. epidermidis (P < 0.05). S. epidermidis coinfection with H. pylori did not significantly change stomach pathology, but levels of the proinflammatory cytokine genes Il-1β, Il-17A , and Il-22 were significantly lower than in H. pylori-monoinfected mice. This study demonstrates that non-H. pylori urease-positive bacteria may play a role in the severity of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer in humans. IMPORTANCE Chronic infection with H. pylori is the main cause of gastric cancer, which is a global health problem. In two Colombian populations with high levels of H. pylori prevalence, the regional gastric cancer rates are considerably different. Host genetic background, H. pylori biotype, environmental toxins, and dietary choices are among the known risk factors for stomach cancer. The potential role of non-H. pylori gastric microbiota in gastric carcinogenesis is being increasingly recognized. In this study, we isolated 59 bacterial species from 37 stomach biopsy samples of Colombian patients from both low-gastric-cancer-risk and high-gastric-cancer-risk regions. Urease-positive S. epidermidis and S. salivarius commonly cultured from the stomachs, along with H. pylori, were inoculated into germfree INS-GAS mice. S. salivarius coinfection with H. pylori induced significantly higher gastric pathology than in H. pylori-monoinfected mice, whereas S. epidermidis coinfection caused significantly lower H. pylori-induced proinflammatory cytokine responses than in H. pylori-monoinfected mice. This study reinforces the argument that the non-H. pylori stomach microflora play a role in the severity of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Retnakumar R, Nath AN, Nair GB, Chattopadhyay S. Gastrointestinal microbiome in the context of Helicobacter pylori infection in stomach and gastroduodenal diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:53-95. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Impact of Environmental and Pharmacologic Changes on the Upper Gastrointestinal Microbiome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060617. [PMID: 34072493 PMCID: PMC8229529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract have become more prevalent over time. Mechanisms of disease formation are still only partially understood. Recent literature has shown that the surrounding microbiome affects the propensity for disease formation in various parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A review was performed of any literature to our best knowledge concerning the effects of pharmacologic agents, environmental changes, and surgical intervention on the microbiome of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Searches of the literature were performed using specific keywords related to drugs, surgical procedures, and environmental factors. Many prescription and nonprescription drugs that are commonly used have varying effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract. Proton pump inhibitors may affect the relative prevalence of some organisms in the lower esophagus and have less effect in the proximal esophagus. Changes in the esophageal microbiome correlate with some esophageal diseases. Drugs that induce weight loss have also been shown to affect the microbiomes of the esophagus and stomach. Common surgical procedures are associated with shifts in the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract. Environmental factors have been shown to affect the microbiome in the upper gastrointestinal tract, as geographic differences correlate with alterations in the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract. Understanding the association of environmental and pharmacologic changes on the microbiome of the upper gastrointestinal tract will facilitate treatment plans to reduce morbidity from disease.
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15
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Yang J, Zhou X, Liu X, Ling Z, Ji F. Role of the Gastric Microbiome in Gastric Cancer: From Carcinogenesis to Treatment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641322. [PMID: 33790881 PMCID: PMC8005548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of sequencing technology has expanded our knowledge of the human gastric microbiome, which is now known to play a critical role in the maintenance of homeostasis, while alterations in microbial community composition can promote the development of gastric diseases. Recently, carcinogenic effects of gastric microbiome have received increased attention. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with a high mortality rate. Helicobacter pylori is a well-recognized risk factor for GC. More than half of the global population is infected with H. pylori, which can modulate the acidity of the stomach to alter the gastric microbiome profile, leading to H. pylori-associated diseases. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that bacteria other than H. pylori and their metabolites also contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. Therefore, clarifying the contribution of the gastric microbiome to the development and progression of GC can lead to improvements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding changes in the microbial composition of the stomach caused by H. pylori infection, the carcinogenic effects of H. pylori and non-H. pylori bacteria in GC, as well as the potential therapeutic role of gastric microbiome in H. pylori infection and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Bakhti SZ, Latifi-Navid S. Oral microbiota and Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis: what do we know and where next? BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:71. [PMID: 33663382 PMCID: PMC7934379 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies causing death worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori is a powerful inducer of precancerous lesions and GC. The oral microbiota is a complex ecosystem and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis, modulating the immune system, and resisting pathogens. It has been proposed that the gastric microbiota of oral origin is involved in the development and progression of GC. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between oral microbiota and GC and the role of H. pylori in this relationship is still controversial. This study was set to review the investigations done on oral microbiota and analyze various lines of evidence regarding the role of oral microbiota in GC, to date. Also, we discussed the interaction and relationship between H. pylori and oral microbiota in GC and the current understanding with regard to the underlying mechanisms of oral microbiota in carcinogenesis. More importantly, detecting the patterns of interaction between the oral cavity microbiota and H. pylori may render new clues for the diagnosis or screening of cancer. Integration of oral microbiota and H. pylori might manifest a potential method for the assessment of GC risk. Hence it needs to be specified the patterns of bacterial transmission from the oral cavity to the stomach and their interaction. Further evidence on the mechanisms underlying the oral microbiota communities and how they trigger GC may contribute to the identification of new prevention methods for GC. We may then modulate the oral microbiota by intervening with oral-gastric bacterial transmission or controlling certain bacteria in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran.
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MALDI-TOF MS and 16S RNA Identification of Culturable Gastric Microbiota: Variability Associated with the Presence of Helicobacter pylori. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111763. [PMID: 33182527 PMCID: PMC7697671 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the main bacteria associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Recent studies have reported that gastric microbiota might be modified by the H. pylori colonization, favoring gastric lesions′ development. In Chile, the region of La Araucanía concentrates a high risk of gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori colonization, rurality, poverty, and Mapuche ethnicity. Hence, we aimed to identify the culturable gastric microbiota and characterize its variability at different stages of epithelial injury, based on its H. pylori colonization in dyspeptic patients from this Chilean region. Microaerophilic bacteria strains were isolated from antrum biopsies of 155 dyspeptic patients′ biopsies and identified using MALDI-TOF MS or 16sRNA gene sequencing for non-pylori species identification, and UreC gene amplification for H. pylori confirmation. We found 48 species from 18 families, mainly belonging to Neisseriaceae (21.3%), Streptococcaceae (20.0%), Actynomicetaceae (9.0%), Enterobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae (4.5%); however, Streptococcaceae and Actinomycetaceae families showed a significant reduction in samples infected with H. pylori, along with a considerably lower diversity of species. Our results revealed a microbiota modification due to H. pylori colonization associated with the gastric epithelial state, suggesting a potential microbiota role for developing and progressing gastric diseases.
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Lian YZ, Lin IH, Yang YC, Chao JCJ. Gastroprotective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and C-phycocyanin in rats with ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1519-1528. [PMID: 33058973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the gastroprotective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) and C-phycocyanin (C-PC) in rats with ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. Rats were divided into 5 groups: normal, ulcer, ulcer treated with 100 mg/kg bw LBP, ulcer treated with 50 mg/kg bw C-PC, and ulcer treated with 50 mg/kg bw LBP and 25 mg/kg bw C-PC. Pretreatment with LBP and/or C-PC was given a week before ulcer induction. Ulcer induction was produced by 50% ethanol administration orally every other day for 4 weeks. After 5-week treatment, the histopathological observation showed that LBP or C-PC attenuated the severity of gastric mucosal damage. LBP decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and gastric interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. C-PC decreased serum MDA levels and gastric tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1 levels, and MPO activity. Combined LBP and C-PC decreased serum MDA levels and gastric TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1 levels. LBP and/or C-PC increased gastric heat shock protein 70 and non-protein sulfhydryl compounds. Rats with ulcer and treatment had enriched with the family Bacillaceae. Therefore, pretreatment with LBP and/or C-PC attenuated ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats via suppressing oxidation and inflammation and increasing gastroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhi Lian
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Jane C-J Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Master Program in Global Health and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Lipopolysaccharides From Non-Helicobacter pylori Gastric Bacteria Potently Stimulate Interleukin-8 Production in Gastric Epithelial Cells. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 10:e00024. [PMID: 30913125 PMCID: PMC6445647 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion is compromised in chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection allowing overgrowth of non-H. pylori gastric bacteria (NHGB) in the stomach.
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20
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Kachuei V, Talebi Bezmin Abadi A, Rahimi F, Forootan M. Colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus of Antral Biopsy Specimens from Gastritis Patients Uninfected with Helicobacter Pylori. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1411-1417. [PMID: 32494172 PMCID: PMC7231751 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s254967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Roles and incidence of some microorganisms that transiently or permanently colonize the human stomach are still unknown despite advances in gastroenterology. We aimed to examine the incidence of four microorganisms, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, in the antral biopsy specimens of patients with gastroduodenal conditions. Patients and Methods Patients (67 females, 33 males; mean age = 49.5 years) were initially examined and diagnosed by a gastroenterologist at the Mehrad Hospital, Tehran, Iran. We enrolled those who underwent the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy because of gastroduodenal conditions. Two antral biopsy samples were taken by endoscopy; the first sample was used for the “rapid urease test” to confirm H. pylori. The second was used for DNA extraction and PCR analyses with specific, corresponding primer sets to establish the presence of the four microorganisms. Our study was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. Results Based on pathology and endoscopy findings, we divided the patients into three groups: 62 presented with gastritis, 18 with duodenal ulcer, and 20 gastric ulcer. The number of patients with P. aeruginosa but without H. pylori significantly differed from the number of those co-infected with both microorganisms (P = 0.03). Additionally, a similar significance was found between the incidence of S. aureus in patients without H. pylori and those with both infections (P = 0.04). Our results indicated that a significant number of patients with gastritis were colonized with P. aeruginosa or S. aureus without being co-infected with H. pylori (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the incidence of colonization by P. aeruginosa of patients without H. pylori (45/49, 91.8%) was higher than that by S. aureus (28/49, 57%). Conclusion The number of patients without H. pylori but with P. aeruginosa or with S. aureus infection significantly differed from that with both infections, respectively. Our study thus shows that patients without H. pylori infection are prone to be colonized by P. aeruginosa or S. aureus, indicating that targeted antibiotic regimens are necessary for clinically treating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Kachuei
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Rahimi
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mojgan Forootan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Miao R, Wan C, Wang Z. The relationship of gastric microbiota and Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatrics population. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12676. [PMID: 31762120 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the impact of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) on the gut microbiota has attracted more attention; however, the relationship in pediatric population rarely was reported. METHODS Endoscopic gastric mucosal biopsy specimens from 55 children with gastrointestinal symptoms were collected, 37 of them were H pylori-positive (23 nonpeptic ulcer and 14 peptic ulcer) and 18 were H pylori-negative. In addition, 11 specimens were collected from H pylori-positive children who performed second endoscopy in 4 weeks after therapy. Microbial abundance and compositions were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA amplification and microbial functions were predicted using the software PICRUSt. RESULTS The gastric microbiota of H pylori-positive children were mainly dominated by Helicobacter in genus (95.43%). The microbiota richness and diversity of H pylori-positive children were lower than that of H pylori-negative children. No difference was found in microbiota structure between H pylori-positive children with or without peptic ulcer. The richness and compositions after therapy were closer to the characteristics of H pylori-negative children. For predicted functions, higher abundance in pathways of infection diseases, cancer and lower abundance in the pathways of amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism were found in H pylori-positive group than H pylori-negative group. CONCLUSION The characteristics of gastric microbiota were affected by H pylori infection rather than disease states, and the richness and diversity of gastric species were inverse correlation with H pylori infection in children. Eradication therapy was helpful to restore shifted gastric microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaomin Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiling Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Owing to its strong acid production, the stomach was known to be a bacteria-free organ for many years. On the other hand, the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and other acid-resistant microbiota that are to persist in the stomach challenged this. It is now recognized that the existence of H. pylori and non-H. pylori species have been linked to the improvement of gastric disease; despite this, there is little published data on the interaction of gastric bacterial flora and the resultant effect on gastric health. The stomach has a unique microbiota including five major phyla, such as Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes. These phyla are identified in both H. pylori-infected and uninfected persons. The resident gastric microflora may mediate the role of H. pylori in the gastric diseases. This article aims to review previous studies that examine the impact of H. pylori infection and the effect of resident gastric microbiota on gut health and disease conditions. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Ozbey G, Sproston E, Hanafiah A. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Microbiota. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1):36-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokben Ozbey
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Emma Sproston
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Gastric environment has long been considered sterile, but the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) changed such concept in 1982. Over the past few decades, modern techniques have provided insight into microbial communities in the stomach and the interactions between communities, ranging from methods that rely on bacterial culture to the application of macrogenomics and high-throughput sequencing techniques. H. pylori is an important risk factor for gastric disease, but there may be other bacteria involved in the occurrence of gastric disease. This review summarizes the current progress in the understanding of the relationship between gastric microflora and gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Enviroesnment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tian Liang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Enviroesnment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Enviroesnment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Su Bai
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Tibet University for Nationalities, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Long-Li Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Enviroesnment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi Province, China
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Pero R, Brancaccio M, Laneri S, Biasi MGD, Lombardo B, Scudiero O. A Novel View of Human Helicobacter pylori Infections: Interplay between Microbiota and Beta-Defensins. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060237. [PMID: 31216758 PMCID: PMC6627275 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is significantly involved in the preservation of the immune system of the host, protecting it against the pathogenic bacteria of the stomach. The correlation between gut microbiota and the host response supports human gastric homeostasis. Gut microbes may be shifted in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-infected individuals to advance gastric inflammation and distinguished diseases. Particularly interesting is the establishment of cooperation between gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the host in the gastrointestinal tract. AMPs have great importance in the innate immune reactions to Hp and participate in conservative co-evolution with an intricate microbiome. β-Defensins, a class of short, cationic, arginine-rich proteins belonging to the AMP group, are produced by epithelial and immunological cells. Their expression is enhanced during Hp infection. In this review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiome on the host response, with particular regard to β-defensins in Hp-associated infections. In microbial infections, mostly in precancerous lesions induced by Hp infection, these modifications could lead to different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Pero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Task Force sugli Studi del Microbioma, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Barbara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Task Force sugli Studi del Microbioma, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
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25
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Bishai WR, Timmins GS. Potential for breath test diagnosis of urease positive pathogens in lung infections. J Breath Res 2019; 13:032002. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang S, Shi D, Li M, Li Y, Wang X, Li W. The relationship between gastric microbiota and gastric disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:391-396. [PMID: 30945954 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1591499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the stomach was believed to be a sterile organ unsuitable for microbiota growth. However, the discovery of H. pylori subverted this conception. With the development of molecular techniques, an abundance of microbiota of great diversity was found in the stomach. In addition, various lines of evidence suggest that the gastric microbiota plays a critical role in the development and progression of the gastric disease.The gastrointestinal microbiome plays an important role in various physiologic and pathologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhang
- a Endoscopy Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin , China
| | - Dan Shi
- b Tianjin Medical University Graduate School , Tianjin , China
| | - Muran Li
- c Department of gastroenterology , Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin , China
| | - Yanru Li
- a Endoscopy Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin , China
| | - Ximo Wang
- d Tianjin Clinical Medicine Research Centre for ITCWM Acute abdomen Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Wen Li
- a Endoscopy Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin , China.,b Tianjin Medical University Graduate School , Tianjin , China
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27
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He QD, Huang MS, Zhang LB, Shen JC, Lian LY, Zhang Y, Chen BH, Liu CC, Qian LC, Liu M, Yang ZB. Effect of Moxibustion on Intestinal Microbiome in Acute Gastric Ulcer Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6184205. [PMID: 31949469 PMCID: PMC6948313 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6184205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), moxibustion had been used for thousands of years. Many clinical case reports and scientific studies had proved that moxibustion had a good effect in treating acute gastric ulcer (AGU). Some studies had shown that the relative content and species of bacteria in the intestinal would be changed when gastric mucosal injury happened. However, there was little research on the effect of intestinal microbiome with AGU rats that were treating by moxibustion. This study is aimed at analyzing the effect of fecal microbiome in rats with AGU by the 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Male SD rats were established by orally feeding once with 70% ethanol at 4 ml/kg except the control group, then treated by moxibustion in the stomach meridian group ("Liangmen," "Zusanli") and the gallbladder meridian group ("Riyue," "Yanglingquan") for 5 days. The 16S rDNA sequencing technology analysis of feces combined with histopathological methods and molecular biological detection methods was used to evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of moxibustion on AGU. AGU brought cause changes in the number and species of intestinal bacteria. Moxibustion on stomach meridian group could reduce the area of gastric mucosal injury and regulate the relative content of GAS and EGF. Moreover, moxibustion on the stomach meridian group could increase the relative content and species of beneficial bacteria in the intestine of rats with AGU. The relative abundance of intestinal probiotics was significantly upregulated in Alphaproteobacteria, Actinomycetales, and Bacillales. In addition, moxibustion might promote the repair of gastric mucosal injury by increasing the number and species of beneficial bacteria in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-da He
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- 2College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Miao-sen Huang
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- 2College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Long-bin Zhang
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-cheng Shen
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin-yu Lian
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- 2College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- 3College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Bao-hua Chen
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cai-chun Liu
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin-chao Qian
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mi Liu
- 3College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zong-bao Yang
- 1Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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28
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Guo C, Liu F, Zhu L, Wu F, Cui G, Xiong Y, Wang Q, Yin L, Wang C, Wang H, Wu X, Zhang Z, Chen Z. Analysis of culturable microbiota present in the stomach of children with gastric symptoms. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:107-115. [PMID: 30637659 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on the gastric microbiota, including Helicobacter pylori and non-H. pylori, the bacterial composition in children remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the culturable gastric bacteria in stomach biopsies from 346 children aged 1-15 years affected by gastric diseases. H. pylori and non-H. pylori were identified by specific PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibilities of H. pylori and non-H. pylori were tested by the E-test and disk diffusion methods, respectively. Rapid diagnosis was also performed by H. pylori-specific PCR. Twenty-two H. pylori strains were obtained from culture, and 92 biopsies were positive by H. pylori-specific PCR. The positive rate was higher in boys (40.3%) than in girls (23.3%) (P = 0.001). Resistance rates of 22 H. pylori strains were as follows: metronidazole, 86.4%; tetracycline, 22.7%; amoxicillin, 22.7%; levofloxacin, 31.8%; clarithromycin, 36.4%. Ten isolates were multidrug-resistant. Additionally, among 366 non-H. pylori strains, 204 exhibited urease activity. Non-H. pylori resistance rates were as follows: metronidazole, 94.8%; tetracycline, 26.2%; amoxicillin, 42.6%; levofloxacin, 15.3%; clarithromycin, 46.7%. Our results showed that children with gastric disorders harbor stomach bacteria with urease activity or nitrate reductase activity. Further studies will determine the effects of non-H. pylori bacteria in gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Clinical Medical School of Maternal and Child Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, No.63 South Ruijin Road, Guiyang, 550003, Guizhou, China
| | - Fangcao Wu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guzhen Cui
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Clinical Medical School of Maternal and Child Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, No.63 South Ruijin Road, Guiyang, 550003, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lin Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical microbiology and parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, No.1 South Dongqing Road, Guiyang, 550025, China. .,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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29
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Chen X, Xia C, Li Q, Jin L, Zheng L, Wu Z. Comparisons Between Bacterial Communities in Mucosa in Patients With Gastric Antrum Ulcer and a Duodenal Ulcer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:126. [PMID: 29868487 PMCID: PMC5952031 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify and compare the bacterial community profile of mucosal tissues from a gastric antrum ulcer and a duodenal ulcer in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) positive dyspeptic patients. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the mucosal tissues obtained from 18 patients diagnosed with gastric antrum or duodenal ulcers. A library was constructed using 16S rRNA gene amplification, and Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyse the amplified products. Bioinformatics methods, including operational taxonomic units (OTUs), hierarchical clustering, and a diversity analysis, were performed to investigate and characterize the community composition. Results: The proportion of Helicobacter in the mucosa of patients with a gastric antrum ulcer was significantly higher than that of patients with a duodenal ulcer. However, the diversity of the bacterial community in the gastric antrum ulcer mucosa was significantly lower compared with the mucosa of the duodenal ulcer. There were significant differences in microbial community structure between the gastric antrum ulcer and the duodenal ulcer. Notably, Helicobacter, Prevotella, Neisseria, and Streptococcus were also predominant genera in the bacterial community of the duodenal ulcer mucosa, and they outnumbered those species in gastric antrum ulcer mucosa. Conclusion: The bacterial community composition and the corresponding abundance differ between the mucosal tissues of Hp positive gastric antrum ulcer and duodenal ulcer patients. Additionally, the bacterial community diversity in the mucosal tissues from gastric duodenal ulcer patients is higher than that from gastric antrum ulcer patients, and Helicobacter is not the absolutely predominant genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Chenmei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Linxiao Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Department of Research Service, Zhiyuan Inspection Medical Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
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30
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Liu J, Xue Y, Zhou L. Detection of gastritis-associated pathogens by culturing of gastric juice and mucosa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2214-2220. [PMID: 31938333 PMCID: PMC6958204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is not the only indigenous bacterium in the stomach, as numerous studies have revealed that the gastric microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of gastric disease. However, the correlation between the gastric bacterial flora and gastritis is unclear. By comparing differences in viable gastric bacteria between a gastritis group and a healthy group, we examined the potential species related to chronic gastritis. We collected juice and mucosa samples from 103 consecutive patients and identified 81 species by culturing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The positive rates of Streptococcus and Neisseria were markedly higher in the gastritis group than those in the normal group, suggesting that certain bacterial species may play vital roles in the development of gastritis rather than acting as transient microbes. This finding can be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastritis as evidence supporting non-Helicobacter pylori infection-related gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital Haidian District, Beijing, China
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31
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Pereira V, Abraham P, Nallapeta S, Shetty A. Gastric bacterial Flora in patients Harbouring Helicobacter pylori with or without chronic dyspepsia: analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:20. [PMID: 29373960 PMCID: PMC5787260 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastric microbiota has recently been implicated in the causation of organic/structural gastroduodenal diseases (gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer) in patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. We aimed to ascertain, in patients harbouring H. pylori, the role of the gastric microbiota in the causation of symptoms (chronic dyspepsia) in the absence of organic disease. METHODS Seventy-four gastric biopsy samples obtained at endoscopy from patients with (n = 21) or without (n = 53) chronic dyspepsia, and that tested positive by the bedside rapid urease test for H. pylori infection, were cultured for detection of H. pylori and non-H. pylori organisms. The cultured organisms were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS). RESULTS A total of 106 non-H. pylori isolates were obtained from 74 patients' samples. This included 33 isolates (median 2, range 1-2 per patient) from dyspeptic and 73 (median 2, range 1-2 per patient) from non-dyspeptic patients. These were identified from the Bruker Biotyper 2 database as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp. and Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus were identified significantly more commonly in dyspeptics and Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in non-dyspeptics. All identified organisms belonged to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. CONCLUSIONS There is a qualitative difference in the gastric microbial spectrum between patients harbouring H. pylori with and without chronic dyspepsia. Whether these organisms have an independent role in the development or prevention of dyspepsia or act in concurrence with H. pylori needs study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verima Pereira
- Division of Gastroenterology, P D Hinduja Hospital, V S Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, 400016 India
| | - Philip Abraham
- Division of Gastroenterology, P D Hinduja Hospital, V S Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, 400016 India
| | | | - Anjali Shetty
- Division of Microbiology, P D Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India
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32
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Lam SY, Yu J, Wong SH, Peppelenbosch MP, Fuhler GM. The gastrointestinal microbiota and its role in oncogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:607-618. [PMID: 29566903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in research techniques have made it possible to map the microbial communities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where the majority of bacteria in the human body reside. Disturbances in these communities are referred to as dysbiosis and have been associated with GI cancers. Although dysbiosis is observed in several GI malignancies, the specific role of these changes has not been understood to the extent of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in gastric cancer (GC). This review will address the bacterial communities along the GI tract, from the oral cavity to the anal canal, particularly focusing on bacterial dysbiosis and carcinogenesis. Just as non-HP bacteria in the stomach may interact with HP in gastric carcinogenesis, the same may hold true for other GI tract malignancies, where an interplay between microbes in carcinogenesis seems conceivable, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the last part of this review we will discuss the potential mechanisms of bacterial dysbiosis in GI carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - S H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - M P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - G M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Microorganisms in humans form complex communities with important functions and differences in each part of the body. The stomach was considered to be a sterile organ until the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, but nowadays, it is possible to demonstrate that other microorganisms beyond H. pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa and that the diverse microbiota ecosystem of the stomach is different from the mouth and the esophagus, and also from the small intestine and large intestine. H. pylori seems to be the most important member of the gastric microbiota with the highest relative abundance when present, but when it is absent, the stomach has a diverse microbiota. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria are the most abundant phyla in both H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients. The gastric commensal flora may play some role in the H. pylori-associated carcinogenicity, and differences in the gastric microbiota composition of patients with gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia, and chronic gastritis are described. The gastric microbiota changed gradually from non-atrophic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia, and to gastric cancer (type intestinal).
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34
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Zhang C, Powell SE, Betel D, Shah MA. The Gastric Microbiome and Its Influence on Gastric Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Ongoing Research. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:389-408. [PMID: 28501083 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric malignancies are a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. At least 2 microbial species are currently linked to carcinogenesis and the development of cancer within the human stomach. These include the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and the Epstein-Barr virus. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that within the human gastrointestinal tract it is not only pathogenic microbes that impact human health but also the corresponding autochthonous microbial communities. This article reviews the gastrointestinal microbiome as it relates primarily to mechanisms of disease and carcinogenesis within the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sarah Ellen Powell
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Manish A Shah
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Center for Advanced Digestive Care, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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35
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Nardone G, Compare D, Rocco A. A microbiota-centric view of diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2:298-312. [PMID: 28404159 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The distinctive anatomy and physiology of the upper gastrointestinal tract and the difficulty of obtaining samples led to the theory that it was bacteria free. However, multiomics studies are indicating otherwise. Although influenced by both oral and gastric bacteria, the resident microbial ecosystem in the oesophagus is dominated by Streptococcus. A shift from Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria occurs in oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus, and this shift might be involved in the pathogenesis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The gastric microenvironment is populated by microbial communities mainly of the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria phyla and species of the Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Propionibacterium genera. The composition of gastric microbiota is highly dynamic, and is influenced by acid suppression, gastric inflammation, and Helicobacter pylori. Duodenal microbes are also implicated in the onset and outcome of coeliac disease. Bacteria of the genera Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Staphylococcus dominate the duodenal flora in active coeliac disease whereas lactobacilli and bifidobacteria decrease. Although knowledge of the composition of the microbiota of the upper gastrointestinal tract has advanced substantially, this information is far from being translated to the clinical setting. In this Review, we assess the data related to the potential contribution of microbes to the susceptibility for and pathogenesis of upper gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Nardone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Compare
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Rocco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
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36
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He C, Yang Z, Lu N. Imbalance of Gastrointestinal Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-Associated Diseases. Helicobacter 2016; 21:337-48. [PMID: 26876927 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of new nucleotide sequencing techniques and advanced bioinformatics tools has opened the field for studying the diversity and complexity of the gastrointestinal microbiome independent of traditional cultural methods. Owing largely to the gastric acid barrier, the human stomach was long thought to be sterile. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori, the gram-negative bacterium that infects upwards of 50% of the global population, has started a major paradigm shift in our understanding of the stomach as an ecologic niche for bacteria. Recent sequencing analysis of gastric microbiota showed that H. pylori was not alone and the interaction of H. pylori with those microorganisms might play a part in H. pylori-associated diseases such as gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the available literature about the changes of gastrointestinal microbiota after H. pylori infection in humans and animal models, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms including the alterations of the gastric environment, the secretion of hormones and the degree of inflammatory response. In general, information regarding the composition and function of gastrointestinal microbiome is still in its infancy, future studies are needed to elucidate whether and to what extent H. pylori infection perturbs the established microbiota. It is assumed that clarifying the role of gastrointestinal communities in H. pylori-associated diseases will provide an opportunity for translational application as a biomarker for the risk of serious H. pylori diseases and perhaps identify specific organisms for therapeutic eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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37
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Dias-Jácome E, Libânio D, Borges-Canha M, Galaghar A, Pimentel-Nunes P. Gastric microbiota and carcinogenesis: the role of non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria - A systematic review. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2016; 108:530-540. [PMID: 27604361 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2016.4261/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. However, recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have revealed a complex microbial community in the stomach that could also contribute to the development of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to present recent scientific evidence regarding the role of non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS A systematic review of original articles published in PubMed in the last ten years related to gastric microbiota and gastric cancer in humans was performed. RESULTS Thirteen original articles were included. The constitution of gastric microbiota appears to be significantly affected by gastric cancer and premalignant lesions. In fact, differences in gastric microbiota have been documented, depending on Helicobacter pylori status and gastric conditions, such as non-atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and cancer. Gastric carcinogenesis can be associated with an increase in many bacteria (such as Lactobacillus coleohominis, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Acinetobacter baumannii) as well as decrease in others (such as Porphyromonas spp, Neisseria spp, Prevotella pallens or Streptococcus sinensis). However, there is no conclusive data that confirms if these changes in microbiota are a cause or consequence of the process of carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Even though there is limited evidence in humans, microbiota differences between normal individuals, pre-malignant lesions and gastric cancer could suggest a progressive shift in the constitution of gastric microbiota in carcinogenesis, possibly resulting from a complex cross-talk between gastric microbiota and Helicobacter pylori. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the specific role (if any) of different microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Libânio
- Gastroenterology Department, Oncology Portuguese Institute of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Borges-Canha
- Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Galaghar
- Pathology Department, Oncology Portuguese Institute of Porto, Portugal
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Different gastric microbiota compositions in two human populations with high and low gastric cancer risk in Colombia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18594. [PMID: 26729566 PMCID: PMC4700446 DOI: 10.1038/srep18594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhabitants of Túquerres in the Colombian Andes have a 25-fold higher risk of gastric cancer than inhabitants of the coastal town Tumaco, despite similar H. pylori prevalences. The gastric microbiota was recently shown in animal models to accelerate the development of H. pylori-induced precancerous lesions. 20 individuals from each town, matched for age and sex, were selected, and gastric microbiota analyses were performed by deep sequencing of amplified 16S rDNA. In parallel, analyses of H. pylori status, carriage of the cag pathogenicity island and assignment of H. pylori to phylogeographic groups were performed to test for correlations between H. pylori strain properties and microbiota composition. The gastric microbiota composition was highly variable between individuals, but showed a significant correlation with the town of origin. Multiple OTUs were detected exclusively in either Tumaco or Túquerres. Two operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Leptotrichia wadei and a Veillonella sp., were significantly more abundant in Túquerres, and 16 OTUs, including a Staphylococcus sp. were significantly more abundant in Tumaco. There was no significant correlation of H. pylori phylogeographic population or carriage of the cagPAI with microbiota composition. From these data, testable hypotheses can be generated and examined in suitable animal models and prospective clinical trials.
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Beasley DE, Koltz AM, Lambert JE, Fierer N, Dunn RR. The Evolution of Stomach Acidity and Its Relevance to the Human Microbiome. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222383 PMCID: PMC4519257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric acidity is likely a key factor shaping the diversity and composition of microbial communities found in the vertebrate gut. We conducted a systematic review to test the hypothesis that a key role of the vertebrate stomach is to maintain the gut microbial community by filtering out novel microbial taxa before they pass into the intestines. We propose that species feeding either on carrion or on organisms that are close phylogenetic relatives should require the most restrictive filter (measured as high stomach acidity) as protection from foreign microbes. Conversely, species feeding on a lower trophic level or on food that is distantly related to them (e.g. herbivores) should require the least restrictive filter, as the risk of pathogen exposure is lower. Comparisons of stomach acidity across trophic groups in mammal and bird taxa show that scavengers and carnivores have significantly higher stomach acidities compared to herbivores or carnivores feeding on phylogenetically distant prey such as insects or fish. In addition, we find when stomach acidity varies within species either naturally (with age) or in treatments such as bariatric surgery, the effects on gut bacterial pathogens and communities are in line with our hypothesis that the stomach acts as an ecological filter. Together these results highlight the importance of including measurements of gastric pH when investigating gut microbial dynamics within and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAnna E. Beasley
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amanda M. Koltz
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joanna E. Lambert
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado United States of America
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rob R. Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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Nardone G, Compare D. The human gastric microbiota: Is it time to rethink the pathogenesis of stomach diseases? United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 3:255-60. [PMID: 26137299 DOI: 10.1177/2050640614566846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although long thought to be a sterile organ, due to its acid production, the human stomach holds a core microbiome. AIM To provide an update of findings related to gastric microbiota and its link with gastric diseases. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS The development of culture-independent methods facilitated the identification of many bacteria. Five major phyla have been detected in the stomach: Firmicutes, Bacteroidites, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria. At the genera level, the healthy human stomach is dominated by Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Rothia and Haemophilus; however, the composition of the gastric microbiota is dynamic and affected by such factors as diet, drugs and diseases. The interaction between the pre-existing gastric microbiota and Helicobacter pylori infection might influence an individual's risk of gastric disease, including gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS The maintenance of bacterial homeostasis could be essential for the stomach's health and highlights the chance for therapeutic interventions targeting the gastric microbiota, even if gastric pH, peristalsis and the mucus layer may prevent bacteria colonization; and the definition of gastric microbiota of the healthy stomach is still an ongoing challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Nardone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Compare
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Schulz C, Koch N, Schütte K, Pieper DH, Malfertheiner P. H. pylori and its modulation of gastrointestinal microbiota. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:109-17. [PMID: 25624012 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) changed the dogma of the stomach as a sterile organ. H. pylori is an obligate pathogen in the human stomach and recognized as a definite carcinogen. Extensive research on the interaction of this bacterium with the gastric mucosa has been performed over the past three decades. The development of new nucleotide sequencing techniques and new biocomputational tools has opened the field for studying the diversity and complexity of the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract independently of cultural methods. These techniques allow to better characterize further gastric bacteria. However, the differentiation of alive resident and transient microbes requires an analysis beyond the pure detection of bacterial genomic material applying a combination with metabolomic analyses. Currently, the interaction of gastric microbiota with each other, with H. pylori and with the host is addressed by extensive research. This review gives a concise overview on current knowledge on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Microbial Interactions and Processes (MINP) Research Group, Braunschweig, Germany
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Khosravi Y, Dieye Y, Loke MF, Goh KL, Vadivelu J. Streptococcus mitis induces conversion of Helicobacter pylori to coccoid cells during co-culture in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112214. [PMID: 25386948 PMCID: PMC4227722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major gastric pathogen that has been associated with humans for more than 60,000 years. H. pylori causes different gastric diseases including dyspepsia, ulcers and gastric cancers. Disease development depends on several factors including the infecting H. pylori strain, environmental and host factors. Another factor that might influence H. pylori colonization and diseases is the gastric microbiota that was overlooked for long because of the belief that human stomach was a hostile environment that cannot support microbial life. Once established, H. pylori mainly resides in the gastric mucosa and interacts with the resident bacteria. How these interactions impact on H. pylori-caused diseases has been poorly studied in human. In this study, we analyzed the interactions between H. pylori and two bacteria, Streptococcus mitis and Lactobacillus fermentum that are present in the stomach of both healthy and gastric disease human patients. We have found that S. mitis produced and released one or more diffusible factors that induce growth inhibition and coccoid conversion of H. pylori cells. In contrast, both H. pylori and L. fermentum secreted factors that promote survival of S. mitis during the stationary phase of growth. Using a metabolomics approach, we identified compounds that might be responsible for the conversion of H. pylori from spiral to coccoid cells. This study provide evidences that gastric bacteria influences H. pylori physiology and therefore possibly the diseases this bacterium causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Khosravi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yakhya Dieye
- Vice-chancellor's Office, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khean Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Russo F, Linsalata M, Orlando A. Probiotics against neoplastic transformation of gastric mucosa: Effects on cell proliferation and polyamine metabolism. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13258-13272. [PMID: 25309063 PMCID: PMC4188884 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for about 10% of newly diagnosed neoplasms. In the last decades, an emerging role has been attributed to the relations between the intestinal microbiota and the onset of both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal neoplasms. Thus, exogenous microbial administration of peculiar bacterial strains (probiotics) has been suggested as having a profound influence on multiple processes associated with a change in cancer risk. The internationally accepted definition of probiotics is live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. The possible effects on the gastrointestinal tract following probiotic administration have been investigated in vitro and in animal models, as well as in healthy volunteers and in patients suffering from different human gastrointestinal diseases. Although several evidences are available on the use of probiotics against the carcinogen Helicobacter pylori, little is still known about the potential cross-interactions among probiotics, the composition and quality of intestinal flora and the neoplastic transformation of gastric mucosa. In this connection, a significant role in cell proliferation is played by polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine). These small amines are required in both pre-neoplastic and neoplastic tissue to sustain the cell growth and the evidences here provided suggest that probiotics may act as antineoplastic agents in the stomach by affecting also the polyamine content and functions. This review will summarize data on the most widely recognized effects of probiotics against neoplastic transformation of gastric mucosa and in particular on their ability in modulating cell proliferation, paying attention to the polyamine metabolism.
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Culturable bacterial microbiota of the stomach of Helicobacter pylori positive and negative gastric disease patients. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:610421. [PMID: 25105162 PMCID: PMC4106172 DOI: 10.1155/2014/610421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human stomach is the only known natural habitat of Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a major bacterial pathogen that causes different gastroduodenal diseases. Despite this, the impact of Hp on the diversity and the composition of the gastric microbiota has been poorly studied. In this study, we have analyzed the culturable gastric microbiota of 215 Malaysian patients, including 131 Hp positive and 84 Hp negative individuals that were affected by different gastric diseases. Non-Hp bacteria isolated from biopsy samples were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry based biotyping and 16SrRNA sequencing. The presence of Hp did not significantly modify the diversity of the gastric microbiota. However, correlation was observed between the isolation of Streptococci and peptic ulcer disease. In addition, as a first report, Burkholderia pseudomallei was also isolated from the gastric samples of the local population. This study suggested that there may be geographical variations in the diversity of the human gastric microbiome. Geographically linked diversity in the gastric microbiome and possible interactions between Hp and other bacterial species from stomach microbiota in pathogenesis are proposed for further investigations.
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Seo I, Jha BK, Suh SI, Suh MH, Baek WK. Microbial Profile of the Stomach: Comparison between Normal Mucosa and Cancer Tissue in the Same Patient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2014.44.2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Incheol Seo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong-Il Suh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Suh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Kim EJ, Baik GH. Review on Gastric Mucosal Microbiota Profiling Differences in Patients with Chronic Gastritis, Intestinal Metaplasia, and Gastric Cancer. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 64:390-3. [DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2014.64.6.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Gwang Ho Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori overturned the conventional dogma that the stomach was a sterile organ and that pH values<4 were capable of sterilizing the stomach. H. pylori are an etiological agent associated with gastritis, hypochlorhydria, duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. It is now appreciated that the human stomach supports a bacterial community with possibly 100s of bacterial species that influence stomach homeostasis. Other bacteria colonizing the stomach may also influence H. pylori-associated gastric pathogenesis by creating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modulating inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarize the available literature concerning the gastric microbiota in humans, mice, and Mongolian gerbils. We also discuss the gastric perturbations, many involving H. pylori, that facilitate the colonization by bacteria from other compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, and identify risk factors known to affect gastric homeostasis that contribute to changes in the microbiota.
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Nuding S, Gersemann M, Hosaka Y, Konietzny S, Schaefer C, Beisner J, Schroeder BO, Ostaff MJ, Saigenji K, Ott G, Schaller M, Stange EF, Wehkamp J. Gastric antimicrobial peptides fail to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection due to selective induction and resistance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73867. [PMID: 24040100 PMCID: PMC3770654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although antimicrobial peptides protect mucus and mucosa from bacteria, Helicobacter pylori is able to colonize the gastric mucus. To clarify in which extend Helicobacter escapes the antimicrobial defense, we systematically assessed susceptibility and expression levels of different antimicrobial host factors in gastric mucosa with and without H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods We investigated the expression levels of HBD1 (gene name DEFB1), HBD2 (DEFB4A), HBD3 (DEFB103A), HBD4 (DEFB104A), LL37 (CAMP) and elafin (PI3) by real time PCR in gastric biopsy samples in a total of 20 controls versus 12 patients colonized with H. pylori. Immunostaining was performed for HBD2 and HBD3. We assessed antimicrobial susceptibility by flow cytometry, growth on blood agar, radial diffusion assay and electron microscopy. Results H. pylori infection was associated with increased gastric levels of the inducible defensin HBD2 and of the antiprotease elafin, whereas the expression levels of the constitutive defensin HBD1, inducible HBD3 and LL37 remained unchanged. HBD4 was not expressed in significant levels in gastric mucosa. H. pylori strains were resistant to the defensins HBD1 as well as to elafin, and strain specific minimally susceptible to HBD2, whereas HBD3 and LL37 killed all H. pylori strains effectively. We demonstrated the binding of HBD2 and LL37 on the surface of H. pylori cells. Comparing the antibacterial activity of extracts from H. pylori negative and positive biopsies, we found only a minimal killing against H. pylori that was not increased by the induction of HBD2 in H. pylori positive samples. Conclusion These data support the hypothesis that gastric H. pylori evades the host defense shield to allow colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Nuding
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Gersemann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yoshio Hosaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isuzu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sabrina Konietzny
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Beisner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bjoern O. Schroeder
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maureen J. Ostaff
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katunori Saigenji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduard F. Stange
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
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Yang I, Nell S, Suerbaum S. Survival in hostile territory: the microbiota of the stomach. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:736-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common clinical functional gastrointestinal disorders. As a chronic, relapsing and remitting disorder, FD not only significantly affects the quality of life of patients but also causes very high medical expenses. However, the specific pathogenesis of FD has always been a big problem for gastroenterologists. Recently, motility abnormalities, visceral hypersensitivity, psychosocial factors, Helicobacter pylori, genetic factors, excessive gastric acid secretion, environment, diet, and lifestyle have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of FD, of which the brain-gut axis, autonomic nervous system , gastrointestinal hormones may play an important role. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the pathogenesis of FD.
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