• Dyspepsia/diagnosis
• Dyspepsia/therapy
• Dyspepsia/physiopathology
• Humans
• Germany
• Gastroenterology/standards
• Evidence-Based Medicine
• Brain-Gut Axis
• Neurology/standards

• Nausea
• ginger
• hyperemesis gravidarum
• malnutrition

• Constipation
• Food antibiotics
• Myoelectric motor complex
• Natural prokinetics
• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

• Humans
• Gastrointestinal Motility
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
• Diet/methods
• Blind Loop Syndrome
• Intestine, Small/microbiology
• Food

• Bunium persicum
• Complementary and alternative medicine
• Coriandrum sativum
• Functional dyspepsia
• Funktionelle Dyspepsie
• Herbal medicine
• Komplementär- und Alternativmedizin
• Pflanzliche Heilmittel
• Traditional medicine
• Traditionelle Arzneimittel

• Humans
• Double-Blind Method
• Dyspepsia/drug therapy
• Female
• Male
• Adult
• Coriandrum
• Middle Aged
• Quality of Life
• Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
• Iran
• Phytotherapy
• Treatment Outcome
• Young Adult

• aging
• healthspan
• intrinsic capacity
• nutrition
• phytonutrients
• vitality

• Humans
• Child
• Dietary Supplements
• Probiotics/therapeutic use
• Prebiotics
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy
• Complementary Therapies

• Abdominal pain
• Bloating
• Constipation
• Ginger
• Multiple sclerosis
• Nausea

• Humans
• Zingiber officinale
• Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Iran
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology
• Constipation/drug therapy
• Constipation/etiology
• Flatulence
• Abdominal Pain/drug therapy
• Abdominal Pain/etiology
• Nausea/drug therapy
• Nausea/etiology
• Dietary Supplements

• Complementary therapies
• Gastrointestinal
• Health behaviors
• Herb-drug interactions
• Phytomedicine
• Plant preparations

• Humans
• Saudi Arabia
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
• Herbal Medicine
• Plants, Medicinal
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy

• the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

• dyspepsia
• functional disorders
• ginger
• supplement
• zingiber officinale

• Humans
• Dyspepsia/drug therapy
• Quality of Life
• Plant Extracts
• Complementary Therapies

• diet
• dietary patterns
• eating behavior
• epigastric pain syndrome
• foods
• functional dyspepsia
• nutrition
• postprandial distress syndrome

• Harokopio University Research Committee /551 Chios Mastiha Research & Development Center

• functional dyspepsia
• gastroparesis
• medications
• nausea
• vomiting

• RJR2429
• cocaine
• enteric nervous system
• nicotinic stimulation
• serotonergic stimulation

• Abdominal pain
• dyspepsia
• functional dyspepsia
• neuromodulators
• virtual reality

• phytochemicals
• antioxidant
• gut-brain axis
• reactive oxygen species
• free radicals
• natural products

• abdominal pain

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes are commonly used in foods and employed for many ailments including gastrointestinal disorders. Our main objective was to evaluate the effect of Zingiber officinale aqueous extract (ZOAE) on gastrointestinal (GI) physiological motility and colonic dysmotility. Thereby, Wistar rats were given loperamide (LP, 3 mg/kg, b.w.) and ZOAE (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, b.w.) or yohimbine (YOH, 2 mg/kg, b.w.). ZOAE-action on intestinal secretion was assessed using Ussing chamber technique and intestinal motility with isometric transducer. GI-transit (GIT) and gastric emptying (GE) were evaluated with the charcoal meal test and the red phenol methods. ZOAE-bioactive components were analyzed by liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS). Constipation was induced with LP and the different indicators such as stool composition, GIT, oxidative stress biological parameters, and colonic mucosa histological alteration were performed. Anti-constipation effect of ZOAE was confirmed on stool composition, GIT (53.42% to 85.57%), GE (55.47% to 98.88%), and re-established oxidative balance. ZOAE induces an amplitude increase of spontaneous intestinal contraction with EC50 of 10.52 μg/mL. No effect of ZOAE was observed on electrogenic transport of intestinal fluid. These findings suggest that ZOAE-bioactive candidates might exert an anti-constipation action and spontaneous intestinal contraction modulation.

• Zingiber officinale
• antioxidant activity
• colonic dysmotility
• gastro-intestinal transit
• ginger rhizomes
• intestinal contraction
• rats
• spontaneous intestinal contraction

• Brain
• Diet
• Disaccharides/adverse effects
• Dyspepsia
• Fermentation
• Gastroparesis/chemically induced
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Monosaccharides/adverse effects
• Oligosaccharides/adverse effects

• 5-HT(3)
• Esophageal sphincter
• Ginger
• Gingerol
• cholinergic M(3)

• Animals
• Catechols
• Esophageal Sphincter, Lower
• Fatty Alcohols
• Zingiber officinale
• Ileum
• Mice
• Plant Extracts

• Kampo
• Persian medicine
• functional dyspepsia
• herbal medicine
• traditional Chinese medicine

• Adult
• Dyspepsia/drug therapy
• Humans
• Quality of Life
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Treatment Outcome

• Helichrysum psudoplicatum
• biochemical parameters
• fatigue
• pruritus intensity
• quality of life
• supp-lementation

• diet
• functional dyspepsia
• nutrition therapy
• traditional Persian medicine

• Dyspepsia
• Persian medicine
• diabetes
• herbal
• inflammatory disorders
• traditional Iranian medicine

• SNAQ
• anorexia
• artemisia
• hemodialysis
• supplementation

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) remain common and distressing complications following surgery. The routine use of opioid analgesics for perioperative pain management is a major contributing factor to both PONV and PDNV after surgery. PONV and PDNV can delay discharge from the hospital or surgicenter, delay the return to normal activities of daily living after discharge home, and increase medical costs. The high incidence of PONV and PDNV has persisted despite the introduction of many new antiemetic drugs (and more aggressive use of antiemetic prophylaxis) over the last two decades as a result of growth in minimally invasive ambulatory surgery and the increased emphasis on earlier mobilization and discharge after both minor and major surgical procedures (e.g. enhanced recovery protocols). Pharmacologic management of PONV should be tailored to the patient’s risk level using the validated PONV and PDNV risk-scoring systems to encourage cost-effective practices and minimize the potential for adverse side effects due to drug interactions in the perioperative period. A combination of prophylactic antiemetic drugs with different mechanisms of action should be administered to patients with moderate to high risk of developing PONV. In addition to utilizing prophylactic antiemetic drugs, the management of perioperative pain using opioid-sparing multimodal analgesic techniques is critically important for achieving an enhanced recovery after surgery. In conclusion, the utilization of strategies to reduce the baseline risk of PONV (e.g. adequate hydration and the use of nonpharmacologic antiemetic and opioid-sparing analgesic techniques) and implementing multimodal antiemetic and analgesic regimens will reduce the likelihood of patients developing PONV and PDNV after surgery.

• Antiemetic drugs
• Aromatherapy
• Multimodal antiemetic therapy
• Neiguan point (PC6).
• Non-pharmacologic antiemetic therapies
• Postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV)
• Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)
• Retching

Herbal drugs are widely used for the auxiliary treatment of diseases. The pharmacokinetics of a drug may be altered when it is coadministered with herbal drugs that can affect drug absorption. The effects of herbal drugs on absorption must be evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rumex acetosa (R. acetosa) extract on fexofenadine absorption. Fexofenadine was selected as a model drug that is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2). Emodine—the major component of R. acetosa extract—showed P-gp inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Uptake of fexofenadine via OATP1A2 was inhibited by R. acetosa extract in OATP1A2 transfected cells. A pharmacokinetic study showed that the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of fexofenadine was smaller in the R. acetosa extract coadministered group than in the control group. R. acetosa extract also decreased aqueous solubility of fexofenadine HCl. The results of this study suggest that R. acetosa extract could inhibit the absorption of certain drugs via intervention in the aqueous solubility and the drug transporters. Therefore, R. acetosa extract may cause drug interactions when coadministered with substrates of drug transporters and poorly water-soluble drugs, although further clinical studies are needed.

• P-glycoprotein (P-gp)
• Rumex acetosa
• drug interaction
• fexofenadine
• organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2)
• pharmacokinetics

• 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
• 6-shogaol
• Enteric dopaminergic neuron
• Ginger
• Intestinal barrier
• Parkinson’s disease

• Animals
• Catechols/administration & dosage
• Colitis/chemically induced
• Colitis/metabolism
• Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
• Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
• Zingiber officinale/chemistry
• Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
• Intestinal Mucosa/innervation
• Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
• MPTP Poisoning/metabolism
• Male
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
• Protective Agents/administration & dosage
• Signal Transduction/drug effects
• Tight Junctions/drug effects
• Tight Junctions/metabolism

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common digestive disease with limited therapeutic options. According to evidence-based clinical practice, acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) seems to be a promising therapy for patients with FD. However, there is still a lack of systematic reviews that have analyzed current clinical trials for a better understanding of mechanisms involved in the ameliorating effect of acupuncture and EA on FD.

To evaluate the results and qualities of existing clinical evidence for researching the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture/EA in treating FD.

A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify randomized controlled trials in which research on the mechanism of acupuncture or EA was conducted in FD patients. Databases searched included PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Data extraction and quality assessment were completed by two investigators independently and the results of quality evaluation were exported through Review Manager V5.3.

Eight studies were included in this review with a total of 17 items for detecting techniques for mechanistic research. Positive effects of acupuncture and EA were observed in regulating gastric motility, gastric accommodation, mental status, gastrointestinal hormones, and central and autonomic functions while improving dyspeptic symptoms and quality of life.

The key findings of this systematic review support the potential of acupuncture and EA in altering the heterogeneous pathophysiology in patients with FD. However, high-quality studies with well-planned designs are necessary to provide more credible evidence.

• Acupuncture
• Electroacupuncture
• Functional dyspepsia
• Gastrointestinal motility
• Systematic review

• Acupuncture Therapy/methods
• Dyspepsia/physiopathology
• Dyspepsia/psychology
• Dyspepsia/therapy
• Electroacupuncture/methods
• Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology
• Humans
• Quality of Life
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Stomach/physiopathology
• Treatment Outcome

Hypervigilance and symptoms anticipation, visceral hypersensitivity and gastroduodenal sensorimotor abnormalities account for the varied clinical presentation of functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. Many patients recognize meals as the main triggering factor; thus, dietary manipulations often represent the first-line management strategy in this cohort of patients. Nonetheless, scarce quality evidence has been produced regarding the relationship between specific foods and/or macronutrients and the onset of FD symptoms, resulting in non-standardized nutritional approaches. Most dietary advises are indeed empirical and often lead to exclusion diets, reinforcing in patients the perception of “being intolerant” to food and self-perpetuating some of the very mechanisms underlying dyspepsia physiopathology (i.e., hypervigilance and symptom anticipation). Clinicians are often uncertain regarding the contribution of specific foods to dyspepsia physiopathology and dedicated professionals (i.e., dietitians) are only available in tertiary referral settings. This in turn, can result in nutritionally unbalanced diets and could even encourage restrictive eating behaviors in severe dyspepsia. In this review, we aim at evaluating the relationship between dietary habits, macronutrients and specific foods in determining FD symptoms. We will provide an overview of the evidence-based nutritional approach that should be pursued in these patients, providing clinicians with a valuable tool in standardizing nutritional advises and discouraging patients from engaging into indiscriminate food exclusions.

• Functional dyspepsia
• Dietary habits
• Food intolerances
• Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols
• Gluten-sensitivity
• Diet

• Dyspepsia/diagnosis
• Dyspepsia/diet therapy
• Dyspepsia/etiology
• Dyspepsia/physiopathology
• Feeding Behavior/physiology
• Humans
• Nutrients/adverse effects

Background: Weight management and obesity prevention is a basic aim of health organizations in order to decrease the prevalence of various metabolic disorders. The aim of the present review article was the evaluation of the possible role of functional foods and their bioactive compounds as alternative way to promote weight management and prevent obesity and its metabolic consequences. Methods: Approximately 100 articles were selected from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, by using relative key words, and based mainly on recent animal, clinical or epidemiological studies. Results: The literature review highlighted the possible effect of specific functional foods such as coffee, green tea, berries, nuts, olive oil, pomegranate, avocado, and ginger. Specific bioactive compounds of those foods—such as caffeine, catechins, gallic acid, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, oleuropein, capsaicin, and quercetin—may contribute to weight management, obesity prevention, and obesity’s metabolic consequences. The possible mechanisms include effect on satiety, lipid absorption, fatty acids beta oxidation, stimulation of thermogenesis, etc. Conclusions: Functional foods, as part of a balanced diet, could be useful in the direction of weight management and decrease of obesity’s’ metabolic consequences. However, the scientific evidence is unclear and in most cases controversial and more clinical and epidemiological studies are needed in order to further investigate the mechanisms of their possible effect.

• bioactive compounds
• functional foods
• metabolic consequences
• obesity
• weight management

• dried ginger juice
• fresh ginger boiled juice
• fresh ginger juice
• gastrointestinal effects
• gingerol

Over the past decades, thousands of published studies have amassed supporting recommendations to consume fruits and vegetables for physiological and psychological health. Newer research has emerged to suggest that these plant-based foods contain a plethora of not only vitamins and minerals, but perhaps, most importantly, phytonutrients. These phytonutrients have known pleiotropic effects on cellular structure and function, ultimately resulting in the modulation of protein kinases and subsequent epigenetic modification in a manner that leads to improved outcomes. Even though eating fruits and vegetables is a well-known feature of a healthy dietary pattern, population intakes continue to be below federal recommendations. To encourage consumers to include fruits and vegetables into their diet, an “eat by color” approach is proposed in this review. Although each individual food may have numerous effects based on its constituents, the goal of this simplified approach was to identify general patterns of benefits based on the preponderance of scientific data and known mechanisms of food-based constituents. It is suggested that such a consumer-oriented categorization of these plant-based foods may lead to greater recognition of their importance in the daily diet throughout the lifespan. Other adjunctive strategies to heighten awareness of fruits and vegetables are discussed.

• Dyspepsia
• Gastric motility
• Ginger
• Helicobacter pylori
• Zingiber officinale

• GRADE
• cardiovascular surgery
• gynecologic surgery
• herbal, laparoscopy
• obstetrical surgery
• systematic review

• Anxiety/prevention & control
• Depression/prevention & control
• Humans
• Pain/prevention & control
• Phytotherapy
• Plant Preparations/therapeutic use
• Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control
• Preoperative Care/methods
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

• Zerumbone
• Zingiber
• dyspepsia
• fatty liver
• gastrointestinal cancer
• gastrointestinal mucosa
• gastroprotective
• ginger
• gingerol
• irritable bowel syndrome
• nausea
• shogaol
• swallowing
• vomiting gastric emptying

More than fifty percent of all new patient visits to pediatric gastroenterology clinics consult for functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs). In 2005, a technical report of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the North American Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition society (NASPGHAN) found limited or inconclusive evidence for most therapeutic interventions for this group of disorders. The report did not include studies on herbs and spices. Since then, there has been an increasing interest in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the treatment of chronic pain disorders in children. About 40% of parents of pediatric gastroenterology patients have utilized CAM. This review evaluated the published literature on the effectiveness of CAM, specifically the use of herbs and spices, for the treatment of FAPDs. We found little evidence for most of the commonly used herbs and spices. Despite its common use, research on the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosage remains limited. There is evidence to suggest the benefit of peppermint oil and STW 5 for the treatment of FAPDs in children. The paucity of data on most therapies underscores the need for large clinical trials to assess their efficacy.

• STW 5
• abdominal pain
• aloe vera
• cannabis
• ginger
• herbs
• irritable bowel syndrome
• peppermint
• review
• spices
• turmeric

• Abdominal Pain/drug therapy
• Dyspepsia/drug therapy
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy
• Magnoliopsida
• Mentha piperita
• Migraine Disorders/drug therapy
• Oils, Volatile
• Outcome Assessment, Health Care
• Phytotherapy
• Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
• Spices

This study aims to investigate the effect of oral administration and the direct action of ginger extract or [6]-gingerol on small intestinal contractility. The direct effect of 10 minutes preincubation of ginger ethanolic extract (10, 100 and 300 μg/mL) or [6]-gingerol (1, 30, and 100 μM) on 0.01 to 30 μM ACh-induced contractions of all parts of the small intestine isolated from normal rats was investigated using the organ bath technique. For in vivo study, the rats were orally administered with extract (10, 20, and 100 mg/kg/d) or [6]-gingerol (2 mg/kg/d) for 7 days, followed by determining the contractile responses to ACh of rat isolated duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and their histology were assessed. Direct application of the extract or [6]-gingerol attenuated ACh-induced contractions in each small intestinal segment, E_max was reduced by 40% to 80%, while EC₅₀ increased 3- to 8-fold from control. Similarly, in the in vivo study ACh-induced contractions were reduced in all parts of the small intestine isolated from rats orally treated with ginger extract (20 and 100 mg/kg/d) or [6]-gingerol (2 mg/kg/d). E_max decreased 15% to 30%, while EC₅₀ increased 1- to 3-fold compared to control. No discernable changes in the histology of intestinal segments were detectable. Thus, the results support the clinical application of ginger for disorders of gastrointestinal motility.

• [6]-gingerol
• contraction
• ginger
• small intestine

• Adult
• Cesarean Section/adverse effects
• Chi-Square Distribution
• Defecation
• Double-Blind Method
• Female
• Gastrointestinal Motility
• Zingiber officinale/chemistry
• Humans
• Ileus/prevention & control
• Incidence
• Phytotherapy/adverse effects
• Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
• Postoperative Complications/epidemiology
• Postoperative Complications/prevention & control
• Pregnancy
• Quality of Life
• Severity of Illness Index
• Statistics, Nonparametric
• Treatment Outcome

• Dyspepsia
• Functional Dyspepsia
• GERD
• Gastroparesis
• Helicobacter pylori
• IBS
• Prokinetic
• Proton Pump Inhibitor