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Kertész G, Szkiba Z, Csordás K, Kassa C, Sinkó J, Kriván G, Kállay K. Rotavirus Hepatitis in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2025:00006454-990000000-01317. [PMID: 40359237 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children. In our study, we investigated whether changes in hepatic biomarkers measured during rotavirus infection were significantly different between stem cell transplant recipients and the normal population, before, during and after infection. METHODS Rotavirus-infected children who had previously undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation and rotavirus-infected otherwise healthy children were included. Data were collected retrospectively, including demographic, transplant and laboratory parameters as well as disease outcome measures. We analyzed the aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, albumin and immunoglobulin G serum levels in the TX group before, during and after the rotavirus infection. RESULTS In the TX versus ROTA group, we found a significantly higher value in the following parameters: ASAT, ALAT, total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin. Significantly lower albumin and globulin levels were observed in the TX group than in the ROTA group. Furthermore, a significantly longer disease duration was observed in the TX group. In the TX group, significant difference was found comparing the ASAT, GGT and ALP levels before, during and after rotavirus infection. CONCLUSIONS Based on our data, more pronounced liver involvement can be observed during rotavirus infection in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; therefore, a possible hepatotropic behavior of the virus may be postulated in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Kertész
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Zsófia Szkiba
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Katalin Csordás
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Csaba Kassa
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - János Sinkó
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kriván
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Krisztián Kállay
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation
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Yanai T, Yoshida S, Kawakami K. Gastroenteritis hospitalizations over 19 years before and after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Japan: A nationwide claims database. Vaccine 2025; 55:127027. [PMID: 40101324 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is a major cause of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide, leading to severe health outcomes. Rotavirus vaccines (RV) have introduced grobally, in Japan, introduced in 2010 as self-payment and in 2020 as public funding vaccine. This study evaluates the change of gastroenteritis hospitalization and intussusception. METHODS The descriptive study utilized JMDC claims database, focusing on 3 million children under 12 years from January 2005 to July 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of all-cause gastroenteritis and rotavirus enteritis hospitalizations per 1000 person-year, with secondary outcomes including intussusception. Data were extracted using ICD-10 codes, and hospitalization rates were categorized into three periods: pre-vaccine (before October 2011), post-vaccine introduction (November 2011 to September 2020), and post-public funding (from October 2020). Statistical analyses included descriptive epidemiology, and interrupted time series (ITS) design. RESULTS The study included 3,085,932 children (51 % male, 49 % female), with a mean age of 4.16 years. The gastroenteritis hospitalization per 1000 person-year under five year old age was 12.0 pre-vaccine period to 4.8 post-public funding period with a 60 % decrease (p < 0.001). Under the same conditions, hospitalization for rotavirus enteritis was 5.8 pre-vaccine period to 2.5 post-public funding period with a 58 % decrease (p < 0.01). ITS analysis showed a further -0.2 % monthly decrease in rotavirus enteritis hospitalizations post-vaccine introduction (p = 0.007). No significant changes were found for intussusception trends before and after RV. CONCLUSION In this study, gastroenteritis hospitalizations and rotavirus enteritis hospitalizations in children significant decreased. Intussusception rate were unchanged throughout the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yanai
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satomi Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Social Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
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Pan Y, Li Z, Miao Q, Shi H, Guo L, Feng L, Tian J. Phylogenitc analysis and immunogenicity comparison of porcine genotype G9 rotavirus in China from 2020-2023. Virol Sin 2025; 40:176-185. [PMID: 39988297 PMCID: PMC12131029 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2025.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025] Open
Abstract
As an emerging genotype, the G9 genotype rotaviruses (RVs) are widespread among humans and pigs, and have been reported in many countries and regions in the recent years. Moreover, porcine G9 strains could cross the interspecies barrier to infect human. To investigate the epidemic trends of porcine G9 strains as well as the cross-immunoreactivity among different isolates, an epidemiological investigation about porcine G9 genotype RVs (PoRVs) was performed during the period 2020-2023 in multiple provinces of China. A total of nine representative strains were identified. The phylogenetic analysis based on viral VP7 gene showed that these strains mainly clustered with lineages III and VI, which revealed the predominant G9 PoRVs in China. Moreover, a new lineage, lineage VII, was identified, and strains of this lineage were found to be circulating in Guangdong and Taiwan. Except lineages I and IV, some isolates from other lineages could co-circulate in pigs and humans. Three G9 strains, namely 923H, 923E, and 923X, which belonged to the largest sub-lineage III, were isolated. Then, the significant cross-reactivity was observed among strains of the same or different lineages. This study is the first to systematically investigate the genetic and immunogenetic characteristics of porcine G9 genotype rotavirus in China, as well as the potential cross-species transmission between pigs and humans, providing a valuable direction for the effective prevention of porcine rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zixin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Qian Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Longjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Jin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
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Mohan G, Choudhury A, Bhat J, Phartyal R, Lal R, Verma M. Human Riboviruses: A Comprehensive Study. J Mol Evol 2025; 93:11-37. [PMID: 39739017 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
The urgency to understand the complex interactions between viruses, their animal reservoirs, and human populations has been necessitated by the continuous spread of zoonotic viral diseases as evidenced in epidemics and pandemics throughout human history. Riboviruses are involved in some of the most prevalent human diseases, responsible for causing epidemics and pandemics. These viruses have an animal origin and have been known to cross the inter-species barrier time and time again, eventually infecting human beings. Their evolution has been a long road to harbour important adaptations for increasing fitness, mutability and virulence; a result of natural selection and mutation pressure, making these viruses highly infectious and difficult to counter. Accumulating favourable mutations in the course, they imitate the GC content and codon usage patterns of the host for maximising the chances of infection. A myriad of viral and host factors determine the fate of specific viral infections, which may include virus protein and host receptor compatibility, host restriction factors and others. Thus, understanding the biology, transmission and molecular mechanisms of Riboviruses is essential for the development of effective antiviral treatments, vaccine development and strategies to prevent and control viral infections. Keeping these aspects in mind, this review aims to provide a holistic approach towards understanding Riboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravya Mohan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Akangkha Choudhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Jeevika Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajendra Phartyal
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rup Lal
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Mansi Verma
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Mahatma Hansraj Marg, Malkaganj, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Li Z, Pan Y, Zhou Y, Cui J, Ge H, Zhao W, Feng L, Tian J. Pathogenicity comparison between porcine G9P[23] and G5P[23] RVA in piglets. Vet Microbiol 2025; 301:110359. [PMID: 39742552 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
Rotavirus Group A (RVA) is a primary pathogen that causes viral diarrhea in humans and animals. Porcine rotaviruses (PoRVs) are widely epidemic in pig farms in China, causing great economic losses to the swine industry. In the past 30 years, the G5 RVA had been the main epidemic genotype in pig farms worldwide. However, G9 RVA is an emerging genotype that is gradually becoming prevalent in humans and animals. To explore its potential mechanism, we isolated G9P[23] and G5P[23] rotaviruses, named 923 H and NG523 respectively, from diarrheal samples and compared the growth curves and virulence of two strains. In vitro experiments revealed that pig small intestine epithelial cells were more susceptible to 923 H strain. In vivo experiments showed that 923 H strain was more virulent than NG523 strain, causing more severe damage to piglets. The viral load of G9 infection groups in intestinal and extra-intestinal tissues was higher than that of G5 infection group. Histopathological examination showed cell degeneration, necrosis and nuclear condensation in the jejunum of G9 RVA infection group as well as more inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue destruction in the lung of G9 RVA infection group. Our results indicate that 923 H strain is more pathogenic than NG523 strain, which provides new insights into the widespread epidemic of G9 RVA in pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yudi Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yanxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jianshuang Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hailiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Jin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China.
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Burke RM, Ramani S, Lynch J, Cooper LV, Cho H, Bandyopadhyay AS, Kirkwood CD, Steele AD, Kang G. Geographic disparities impacting oral vaccine performance: Observations and future directions. Clin Exp Immunol 2025; 219:uxae124. [PMID: 39774633 PMCID: PMC11773816 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Oral vaccines have several advantages compared with parenteral administration: they can be relatively cheap to produce in high quantities, easier to administer, and induce intestinal mucosal immunity that can protect against infection. These characteristics have led to successful use of oral vaccines against rotavirus, polio, and cholera. Unfortunately, oral vaccines for all three diseases have demonstrated lower performance in the highest-burden settings where they are most needed. Rotavirus vaccines are estimated to have >85% effectiveness against hospitalization in children <12 months in countries with low child mortality, but only ~65% effectiveness in countries with high child mortality. Similarly, oral polio vaccines have lower immunogenicity in developing country settings compared with high-resource settings. Data are more limited for oral cholera vaccines, but suggest lower titers among children compared with adults, and, for some vaccines, lower efficacy in endemic settings compared with non-endemic settings. These disparities are likely multifactorial, and available evidence suggests a role for maternal factors (e.g. transplacental antibodies, breastmilk), host factors (e.g. genetic polymorphisms-with the best evidence for rotavirus-or previous infection), and environmental factors (e.g. gut microbiome, co-infections). Overall, these data highlight the rather ambiguous and often contradictory nature of evidence on factors affecting oral vaccine response, cautioning against broad extrapolation of outcomes based on one population or one vaccine type. Meaningful impact on performance of oral vaccines will likely only be possible with a suite of interventions, given the complex and multifactorial nature of the problem, and the degree to which contributing factors are intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Burke
- Global Development Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julia Lynch
- Office of the Director General, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura V Cooper
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Haeun Cho
- Department of Data Science and Innovation, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Carl D Kirkwood
- Global Health Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Duncan Steele
- Global Health Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Global Health Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
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Gurung S, Chatterjee A, Yonzan R, Majumdar A, Chhophel TP, Tewari E, Sharma DK, Banu H, Sarkar MC, Dutta S. Epidemiology and Genotyping of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children <5 Years in Sikkim, North East India. J Glob Infect Dis 2025; 17:24-28. [PMID: 40290198 PMCID: PMC12021347 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_91_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rotavirus is a frequent cause of gastroenteritis in young children. It is seasonal in many countries but occurs year-round in India.Since the launch of the Rotavirus Vaccine (RVV) morbidity and mortality in children have greatly decreased. This study was carried out prior to the inclusion of RVV in the state vaccination schedule in 2019. The objective of the study was to estimate the burden of Rota Virus Gastroeneteritis in kids under 5 years of age, attending a government tertiary care hospital in the state and to identify the common circulating genotypes of Rotavirus. Methods Stool samples from children with more than three episodes of loose stool that were negative for bacterial enteric pathogens were tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Rotavirus antigen. Positive stool samples were transported to the Regional Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory at National Institute for Cholera and Enteric Diseases for genotyping. Results 200 stool samples were screened and 40 samples (20%) were positive for Rotavirus antigen by ELISA. G3P [8] - 33% (9/27), followed by G1P[8] -15%(4/27) and G2P4 - 11%( 3/27) were the most common genotypes. Conclusion Rotavirus is a significant cause of gastroenteritis in children under five years of age in the Indian state of Sikkim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijana Gurung
- Department of Virology, Sir Thutob Namgyal Memorial Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Ananya Chatterjee
- Regional Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ruth Yonzan
- Department of Paediatrics, Sir Thutob Namgyal Memorial Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Agniva Majumdar
- Regional Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tashi Pegey Chhophel
- Department of Virology, Sir Thutob Namgyal Memorial Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Ekta Tewari
- Department of Virology, Sir Thutob Namgyal Memorial Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Dhruva Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Hasina Banu
- Department of Microbiology, IPGMER-SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamta Chawla Sarkar
- Regional Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Regional Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Oluwaseun S, Yang C, Si Tu SJ, Yin J, Song Y, Sun Q, Kanibir N, Hartwig S, Carias C. Health impact of rotavirus vaccination in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2386750. [PMID: 39269780 PMCID: PMC11404606 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2386750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) vaccines have demonstrated substantial effectiveness in reducing the healthcare burden caused by gastroenteritis (RVGE) worldwide. This study aims to understand the differential impact of RV vaccination in reducing RVGE burden in children under 7 years old in China. A Markov Model was used to investigate the health impact of introducing two different RV vaccines into the Chinese population. The analysis was conducted for RV5, a live pentavalent human-bovine reassortant vaccine, and Lanzhou Lamb RV (LLR), a live-attenuated monovalent RV vaccine, separately, by comparing the strategy of each vaccine to no vaccination within a Chinese birth cohort, including 100,000 children modeled until 7 years of age. The vaccination scenario assumed a vaccination coverage of 2.5%, 2.5%, 90% and 5% for doses one, two, three and no vaccine, respectively, for both vaccines. Strategies with RV5, LLR, and no vaccination were associated with 9,895, 49,069, and 64,746 symptomatic RV infections, respectively. RV5 and LLR were associated with an 85% and 24% reduction in the total symptomatic RV infections, respectively, suggesting that the health benefits of RV5 are at least three-fold greater than those associated with the LLR. Further, strategies with RV5 and LLR resulted in an estimated 206 and 59-year increase in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively. Sensitivity and scenario analyses supported the robustness of the base-case findings. Use of RV vaccine is expected to improve RV-associated health outcomes and its adoption will help alleviate the burden of RVGE in China. RV5 use will result in significantly better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia Yin
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Song
- HEOR, Epidemiology & Market Access, Analysis Group, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nabi Kanibir
- Global Medical and Scientific Affairs, MSD International GmBH, Luzern, Switzerland
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Wang K, Wang Y, Yang L, Li J, Li P, Yang C, Jia L, Qiu S, Song H, Li P. Genomic analysis of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by rotavirus C in Hebei, China. Virol J 2024; 21:242. [PMID: 39358760 PMCID: PMC11448206 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus group C is an important cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis worldwide. Whole-Genome sequences of human rotavirus C (RVC) in public databases are limited. We performed genome sequencing to analyze a RVC outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in China. Samples from 22 patients were screened for pathogens using RT-PCR, and six samples were positive for rotavirus. Whole-Genome sequencing analysis showed that the outbreak strain SJZ217 belongs to the G4-P[2]-I2-R2-C2-M3-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 genotype and shares almost identical genomic sequences with Chungnam isolated in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis revealed strain SJZ217 also fell into a cluster with rotavirus C strains from Japan and Europe. Reassortment in the VP4 fragment was observed. These results helped to understand the genetic diversity and possible spread of RVC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Wang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Tianjin Binhai New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Peihan Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Leili Jia
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Hongbin Song
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Ozogul F, Rathod N, Köse S, Alak G, Kızılyıldırım S, Bilgin Ş, Emir Çoban Ö, İnanlı AG, Ünal-Şengör GF, İzci L, Ozogul Y, Tokur B, Ucak İ, Ceylan Z, Kulawik P. Biochemical and microbial food safety hazards in seafood: A Mediterranean perspective (Part 2). ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 114:209-271. [PMID: 40155085 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
The marine environment is teeming with a diverse array of algae, dinoflagellates and phytoplankton. These organisms possess the remarkable capacity to produce toxic compounds that can be passed to humans through the ingestion of seafood, resulting in potential health risks. Similarly, seafood can be susceptible to contamination from various microorganisms, viruses and parasites, thereby, potentially compromising food safety. Consuming seafood that contains toxins or pathogenic microorganisms may have serious health consequences, including the potential for severe illness or even fatality. This chapter delves into the various hazards that arise from biochemical and microbiological factors, with particular emphasis on the Mediterranean region. In addition, it provides a succinct analysis regarding the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the safety of seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye; Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye.
| | - Nikheel Rathod
- Department of Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post Harvest Technology and Management (Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth), Raigad, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sevim Köse
- Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Çamburnu, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Suna Kızılyıldırım
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Şengül Bilgin
- Eğirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Özlem Emir Çoban
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Gürel İnanlı
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Gülgün F Ünal-Şengör
- Division of Food Safety, Department of Fisheries and Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Levent İzci
- Eğirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye.
| | - Bahar Tokur
- Fatsa Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - İlknur Ucak
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Türkiye
| | - Zafer Ceylan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics/Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkiye
| | - Piotr Kulawik
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Kraków, Poland.
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Gleason A, Kumar CK, Klein E, Laxminarayan R, Nandi A. Effect of rotavirus vaccination on the burden of rotavirus disease and associated antibiotic use in India: A dynamic agent-based simulation analysis. Vaccine 2024; 42:126211. [PMID: 39137492 PMCID: PMC11385704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is a leading cause of diarrhea in infants and young children in many low- and middle-income countries. India launched a childhood immunization program for rotavirus in 2016, starting with four states and expanding it to cover all states by 2019. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of the rotavirus vaccination program in India on disease burden and antibiotic misuse. METHODS We built a dynamic agent-based model of rotavirus progression in children under five within each district in India. Simulations were run for various scenarios of vaccination coverage in the context of India's Universal Immunization Programme. Population data were obtained from the National Family Household Surveys and used to calibrate the models. Disease parameters were obtained from published studies. We estimated past and projected future reduction of disease burden and antibiotic misuse due to full vaccination nationwide, by state, and by wealth quintile. RESULTS We estimate that rotavirus vaccination in India has reduced the prevalence of rotavirus cases by 33.7% (prediction interval: 30.7-36.0%), total antibiotic misuse due to rotavirus by 21.8% (18.6-25.1%), and total deaths due to rotavirus by 38.3% (31.3-44.4%) for children under five. We estimate total antibiotic misuse due to rotavirus infection to be 7.6% (7.5-7.9%) of total antibiotic consumption in this demographic versus 9.6% (9.4-9.9%) in the absence of vaccination. We project rotaviral prevalence to drop to below one case for every 100,000 individuals in those below five if vaccination coverage is increased by 50.3% (45.2-58.5%) to 68.1% (63.1-76.4) nationwide. CONCLUSION Universal coverage of childhood rotavirus vaccination can substantially reduce inappropriate antibiotic use in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Gleason
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Eili Klein
- One Health Trust, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramanan Laxminarayan
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; One Health Trust, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arindam Nandi
- One Health Trust, Washington, DC, USA; Population Council, 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017, United States.
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Imaz-Iglesia I, Carmona M, García-Carpintero EE, Pedrosa-Pérez L, Martínez-Portillo A, Alcalde-Cabero E, Linertová R, García-Pérez L. Updating and Refining of Economic Evaluation of Rotavirus Vaccination in Spain: A Cost-Utility and Budget Impact Analysis. Viruses 2024; 16:1194. [PMID: 39205168 PMCID: PMC11360725 DOI: 10.3390/v16081194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Two vaccines against rotavirus diseases, Rotarix® and RotaTeq®, are being marketed in Spain; but rotavirus is not presently among the diseases covered by universal vaccination in Spain. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of extending Spain's current targeted rotavirus vaccination strategy including only preterm babies, to a policy of universal vaccination. A de novo cohort-based Markov model was built to evaluate the efficiency of three compared rotavirus vaccination strategies in Spain: targeted, universal, and no vaccination. Using Rotarix® or RotaTeq®, we compared the cost-utility of these strategies from both a societal perspective and Spanish National Health System (SNHS) perspective. The model represents the most important clinical events conceivably linked to rotavirus infection. Efficacy, effectiveness, safety, costs, and utilities were identified by systematic reviews. Incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) is EUR 23,638/QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Year) for targeted vaccination with Rotarix® compared with no vaccination. The ICUR for the rest of the strategies evaluated are above EUR 30,000/QALY. The sensitivity analysis shows price as the only parameter that could make the universal vaccination strategy efficient. Considering a threshold of EUR 25,000/QALY, only targeted vaccination with Rotarix® would be efficient from societal perspective. Price drops of 36.9% for Rotarix® and 44.6% for RotaTeq® would make universal vaccination efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Imaz-Iglesia
- National Health School, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.I.-I.)
- Chronicity, Primary Healthcare and Health Promotion Research Network (Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud/RICAPPS), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.E.G.-C.); (R.L.); (L.G.-P.)
| | - Montserrat Carmona
- Chronicity, Primary Healthcare and Health Promotion Research Network (Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud/RICAPPS), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.E.G.-C.); (R.L.); (L.G.-P.)
- Health Technology Assessment Agency, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Esther E. García-Carpintero
- Chronicity, Primary Healthcare and Health Promotion Research Network (Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud/RICAPPS), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.E.G.-C.); (R.L.); (L.G.-P.)
- Health Technology Assessment Agency, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lucía Pedrosa-Pérez
- Health Technology Assessment Agency, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Portillo
- National Health School, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.I.-I.)
| | - Enrique Alcalde-Cabero
- National Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Renata Linertová
- Chronicity, Primary Healthcare and Health Promotion Research Network (Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud/RICAPPS), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.E.G.-C.); (R.L.); (L.G.-P.)
- Assessment Service of the Canary Islands Health Service (Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de Salud/SESCS), 38109 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lidia García-Pérez
- Chronicity, Primary Healthcare and Health Promotion Research Network (Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud/RICAPPS), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.E.G.-C.); (R.L.); (L.G.-P.)
- Assessment Service of the Canary Islands Health Service (Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de Salud/SESCS), 38109 Tenerife, Spain
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13
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Yonas B, Sisay T, Gizeyatu A, Feleke A, Daba C, Gebrehiwot M. To do's after war: Priorities for acute diarrheal diseases intervention among under-five children in conflict settings of Raya Kobo district, Northeastern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28394. [PMID: 38633653 PMCID: PMC11021898 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diarrheal diseases are significant causes of under-five children mortality and morbidity in developing countries. This is particularly alarming among the community living in conflict zones where less attention is given for basic services including water, food, and health. However, there are no detailed investigations on acute diarrhea among under-five children in conflict-affected areas, which impedes intervention approaches. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence of acute diarrhea and associated factors among under-five children in conflict-affected setting of Raya Kobo, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 463 under-five children in Raya Kobo district, from February to March 2021. The study participants were selected from ten rural kebeles. Pre-tested questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect the data. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of acute diarrhea. Results The prevalence of acute diarrhea among under-five children was 21% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.50-23.91%). Unimproved drinking water source (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.38-6.06), disposal of garbage in open field (AOR = 3.33; 95%CI:1.66-6.67), having low monthly income (AOR = 5.73; 95%CI: 3.07-10.59), absence of latrine facility (AOR = 3.18; 95%CI: 1.09-8.78), poor hand washing practice at critical times (AOR = 2.52; 95%CI:1.28-4.05), not regularly cleaning food utensil before child feeding (AOR = 2.54; 95%CI:1.31-4.94), and not received Rota vaccine (AOR = 4.28; 95%CI: 1.82-10.11) were the determinant factors. Conclusions To reduce the burden of acute diarrheal diseases, post-war intervention approaches should emphasize on advocating for Rota virus vaccination, regularly cleaning food utensils before feeding, improving hand washing practice at critical times, provision of improved drinking water source, and use of proper solid and domestic sewage discharge/disposal methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadesse Sisay
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Adinew Gizeyatu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Alelgne Feleke
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Chala Daba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Manzemu DG, Opara JPA, Kasai ET, Mumbere M, Kampunzu VM, Likele BB, Uvoya NA, Vanzwa HM, Bukaka GM, Dady FS, Dauly NN, Belec L, Tonen-Wolyec S. Rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis after introducing the Rotasiil® vaccine in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297219. [PMID: 38346035 PMCID: PMC10861064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rotavirus vaccination has reduced the global burden of the virus, morbidity and mortality from rotavirus infection remain high in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children under five years with acute gastroenteritis and to identify factors associated with rotavirus infection after the introduction of the Rotasiil® vaccine in 2019 in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). METHODS This study consisted of a cross-sectional hospital-based survey conducted from May 2022 to April 2023 in four health facilities in Kisangani, using a fecal-based test (rapid antigenic immuno-chromatographic diagnostic test, BYOSYNEX adenovirus/rotavirus BSS, Biosynex SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France) of rotavirus and adenovirus infections among children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis. RESULTS A total of 320 children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis were included. The prevalence of rotavirus infection was 34.4%, that of adenovirus was 6.3%, and that of both rotavirus and adenovirus coinfection was 1.3%. The prevalence of rotavirus was significantly higher in unvaccinated children than in vaccinated children (55.4% versus 23.1%; P < 0.001). This difference was observed only in children who received all three vaccine doses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that the rate of rotavirus infection was significantly reduced in vaccinated children (adjusted OR: 0.31 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.19-0.56]; P < 0.001) and those whose mothers had an average (adjusted OR: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.25-0.91]; P = 0.018) or high level (adjusted OR: 0.34 [95% CI: 0.20-0.64]; P < 0.001) of knowledge about the rotavirus vaccine. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of rotavirus infection remains high in Kisangani despite vaccination. However, the prevalence of adenovirus infections was low in our series. Complete vaccination with three doses and mothers' average and high level of knowledge about the rotavirus vaccine significantly reduces the rate of rotavirus infection. It is, therefore, essential to strengthen the mothers' health education, continue with the Rotasiil® vaccine, and ensure epidemiological surveillance of rotavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Gbebangi Manzemu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Pierre Alworong'a Opara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel Tebandite Kasai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mupenzi Mumbere
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Véronique Muyobela Kampunzu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bibi Batoko Likele
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Naura Apio Uvoya
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hortense Malikidogo Vanzwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gaspard Mande Bukaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Falay Sadiki Dady
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nestor Ngbonda Dauly
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Laurent Belec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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15
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Carossino M, Vissani MA, Barrandeguy ME, Balasuriya UBR, Parreño V. Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health. Viruses 2024; 16:130. [PMID: 38257830 PMCID: PMC10819593 DOI: 10.3390/v16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are a well-known cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children, as well as in many mammalian species and birds, affecting them at a young age. This group of viruses has a double-stranded, segmented RNA genome with high genetic diversity linked to point mutations, recombination, and, importantly, reassortment. While initial molecular investigations undertaken in the 1900s suggested host range restriction among group A rotaviruses based on the fact that different gene segments were distributed among different animal species, recent molecular surveillance and genome constellation genotyping studies conducted by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) have shown that animal rotaviruses serve as a source of diversification of human rotavirus A, highlighting their zoonotic potential. Rotaviruses occurring in various animal species have been linked with contributing genetic material to human rotaviruses, including horses, with the most recent identification of equine-like G3 rotavirus A infecting children. The goal of this article is to review relevant information related to rotavirus structure/genomic organization, epidemiology (with a focus on human and equine rotavirus A), evolution, inter-species transmission, and the potential zoonotic role of equine and other animal rotaviruses. Diagnostics, surveillance and the current status of human and livestock vaccines against RVA are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maria Aldana Vissani
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Maria E. Barrandeguy
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
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Bouazizi A, Ben Hadj Fredj M, Bennour H, Jerbi A, Ouafa kallala, Fodha I, Trabelsi A. Molecular analysis of adenovirus strains responsible for gastroenteritis in children, under five, in Tunisia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22969. [PMID: 38163238 PMCID: PMC10754908 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose of work Enteric Adenovirus (EAdV) is recognized as one of the most commonly identified agents responsible for severe acute gastroenteritis (AGEs) in the stools of infants.We sought to determine the rate of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections, and the genotypic characterization of circulating strains of HAdV in children under 5 years of age with AGEs in university and regional hospitals, located in the Center-East of Tunisia, from January 2014 to December 2016. Methods A classic PCR was performed on 582 stool samples taken within 5 days of the onset of symptoms. Chosen positive samples were sequenced, and some of the results were confirmed by the Next Generation Sequencing technique (NGS). Partial nucleotide sequences of the Hexon gene obtained in this study were compared with the NCBI GenBank database using BLAST. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using MEGA6 software. The phylogenetic tree was generated using the maximum-likelihood method and bootstrap analysis was performed with 1000 replications. Results Out of 582 samples, 52 (8.93 %) cases were positive for HAdV, with a male predominance (57.4 %). Phylogenetic analyses showed that Tunisian HAdV strains clustered into five HAdV lineages corresponding to serotypes F41 (14/28), C2 (9/28), C5 (3/28), E4 (1/28), and A18 (1/28). HAdV was more frequent in children aged up to 12 months, as compared to the other age groups. The HAdV activity was noted in almost all the months of the year with a peak in autumn, in 2014 and 2015, and in winter in 2016. Conclusion This study showed that infections with HAdV species were frequent in children suffering from AGE with the predominance of HAdV F41 and C2. This result underlines the importance of regular monitoring of circulating genotypes, and it could be useful for future epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bouazizi
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Hadj Fredj
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Kairouan, Kairouan, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Bennour
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amira Jerbi
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ouafa kallala
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imene Fodha
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhalim Trabelsi
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Fu XL, Ma Y, Li Z, Qi YY, Wang SJ, Fu LJ, Wang SM, von Seidlein L, Wang XY. Cost-of-illness of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus in Chinese children less than 5 years. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2276619. [PMID: 38013426 PMCID: PMC10760361 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2276619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) caused by rotavirus (RV) remains a public health issue in China. To accelerate the mass rotavirus vaccination, it is important to inform the policy maker, and the public of the economic burden caused by rotavirus infection. A meta-analysis was conducted applying standardized algorithms. Articles published before January 1, 2023, in English and Chinese were searched through PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang Data. Studies with cost analysis of RV AGE were included. A random-effects model was applied to synthesize the total cost of RV AGE from the societal perspective. A prospective survey aimed to measure the cost of RV AGE was conducted in 2021 and 2022 in Shaoxing city, Zhejiang province, that can represent the developed region. The cost data was applied as deviation indicator, in comparison with the pooled estimate generated from meta-analysis. Totally 286 articles were identified, and eventually 12 studies were included. The pooled total social cost of RV AGE was US$282.1 (95%CI: US$213.4-350.7). The pooled private cost of RV AGE was US$206.4 (95%CI: US$155.2-257.5). RV AGE hospitalized and RV AGE incurred in developed regions caused remarkable higher burden (US$631.2 [95%CI: US$512.6-749.8], and US$333.6 [95%CI: US$234.1-433.2] respectively), compared to RV AGE treated at outpatient, and incurred in less developed regions. Our study demonstrates that RV AGE causes a significant economic burden in China. Given the promising effectiveness and highly cost-effective, introduction of rotavirus vaccines in national immunization programs could substantially reduce the economic burden in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Yang Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, China
| | - Song-Mei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Training Center of Medical Experiments, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lorenz von Seidlein
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xuan-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Michael F, Mirambo MM, Lyimo D, Salehe A, Kyesi F, Msanga DR, Mahamba D, Nyawale H, Kwiyolecha E, Okamo B, Mwanyika PJ, Maghina V, Bendera E, Salehe M, Hokororo A, Mwipopo E, Khamis AC, Nyaki H, Magodi R, Mujuni D, Konje ET, Katembo B, Wilillo R, Mshana SE. Rotavirus genotype diversity in Tanzania during Rotavirus vaccine implementation between 2013 and 2018. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21795. [PMID: 38066194 PMCID: PMC10709589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to determine Rotavirus genotypes between 2013 and 2018 during implementation of ROTARIX vaccine in Tanzania. The analysis of surveillance data obtained between 2013 and 2018 was done to determine circulating genotypes after introduction of Rotarix vaccine. From 2013 to 2018, a total of 10,557 samples were collected and screened for Rotavirus using an enzyme immunoassay. A significant decrease in Rotavirus positivity (29.3% to 17.8%) from 2013 to 2018 (OR 0.830, 95% CI 0.803-0.857, P < 0.001) was observed. A total of 766 randomly selected Rotavirus positive samples were genotyped. Between 2013 and 2018, a total of 18 Rotavirus genotypes were detected with G1P [8] being the most prevalent. The G1P [8] strain was found to decrease from 72.3% in 2015 to 13.5% in 2018 while the G9P [4] strain increased from 1 to 67.7% in the same years. G2P [4] was found to decrease from 59.7% in 2013 to 6.8% in 2018 while G3P [6] decreased from 11.2% in 2014 to 4.1% in 2018. The data has clearly demonstrated that ROTARIX vaccine has provided protection to varieties of the wild-type Rotavirus strains. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the circulation of Rotavirus strains during this era of vaccine implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausta Michael
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mariam M Mirambo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Dafrossa Lyimo
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Abdul Salehe
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Furaha Kyesi
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Delfina R Msanga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Dina Mahamba
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Helmut Nyawale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth Kwiyolecha
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Bernard Okamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Paul J Mwanyika
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 419, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Victoria Maghina
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 419, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Elice Bendera
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muheza Designated District Hospital, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed Salehe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Bombo Regional Referral Hospital, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Adolfine Hokororo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Ernestina Mwipopo
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Asha C Khamis
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Temeke Regional Referral Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Honest Nyaki
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Richard Magodi
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Delphius Mujuni
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Eveline T Konje
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Betina Katembo
- National Public Health Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ritha Wilillo
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Liu Z, Li N, Liu G, Xu L, Dong Y, Meng R, Yang Y, Zhan S. No increased risk of intussusception after pentavalent rotavirus vaccination in China: a retrospective birth cohort using electronic health records of Ningbo city. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2270062. [PMID: 37815175 PMCID: PMC10606783 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2270062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Some post-licensure studies have shown a potential increased risk of intussusception following vaccination with rotavirus vaccines. This is the first study that aimed to assess the incidence and risk of intussusception within 90 days after vaccination with RotaTeq in Chinese infants. A population-based birth cohort from 27th November 2018 to 30th June 2021 included all newborns in Ningbo city. The records of intussusception were identified through the ICD-10 code K56.1 or Chinese keywords "Chang Tao" from all hospital discharge records. Each episode was confirmed in line with the Brighton criteria, and only Brighton level 1 cases were included. The association of RotaTeq vaccination and intussusception was evaluated using the Poisson regression. A total of 108,405 eligible subjects from birth cohort were eligible, with 52.30% males. Among them, 26, 847 (24.77%) infants received at least one dose of RotaTeq, and 95.52% of them were fully vaccinated, with 76, 934 doses in total. After adjudication, none of the cases occurred post first, or second dose, the cumulative number of cases that occurred 1-7, 1-14, 1-21, 1-42, and 1-90 days post third dose was 0, 1, 1, 3, and 7, respectively. Adjusting for age, sex, birth year, birth season and location, the incidence rate ratio of intussusception after RotaTeq vaccination was 0.90 (90% two-sided CI: 0.46, 1.75). Increasing age and male gender were associated with higher risk of intussusception. In summary, no increased risk of IS was observed following 3 months of RotaTeq vaccination in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Dong
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruogu Meng
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Peking University Third Hospital, Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Neira V, Melgarejo C, Urzúa-Encina C, Berrios F, Valdes V, Mor S, Brito-Rodriguez B, Ramirez-Toloza GA. Identification and characterization of porcine Rotavirus A in Chilean swine population. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1240346. [PMID: 38026647 PMCID: PMC10652281 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1240346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a common cause of diarrhea in newborn pigs, leading to significant economic losses. RVA is considered a major public health concern due to genetic evolution, high prevalence, and pathogenicity in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize RVA in swine farms in Chile. A total of 154 samples (86 oral fluids and 68 fecal samples) were collected, from 22 swine farms. 58 (38%) samples belonging to 14 farms were found positive for RVA by real-time RT-PCR. The samples with low Ct values (21) and the two isolates were selected for whole genome sequencing. Nearly complete genomes were assembled from both isolates and partial genomes were assembled from five clinical samples. BLAST analysis confirmed that these sequences are related to human and swine-origin RVA. The genomic constellation was G5/G3-P[7]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VP4, VP1, VP2, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, and NSP5 sequences were grouped in monophyletic clusters, suggesting a single introduction. The phylogenies for VP7, VP6, VP3, and NSP1 indicated two different origins of the Chilean sequences. The phylogenetic trees showed that most of the Chilean RVA sequences are closely related to human and swine-origin RVA detected across the world. The results highlight the potential zoonotic nature of RVA circulating in Chilean swine farms. Therefore, it is important to continue RVA whole genome sequencing globally to fully understand its complex epidemiology and early detection and characterization of zoonotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Melgarejo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Urzúa-Encina
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Berrios
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Valdes
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sunil Mor
- Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | | | - Galia Andrea Ramirez-Toloza
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Charoenwat B, Suwannaying K, Paibool W, Laoaroon N, Sutra S, Thepsuthammarat K, Sirirattanakul S. The impact of rotavirus vaccination on acute diarrhea in Thai children under 5 years of age in the first year of universal implementation of rotavirus vaccines in the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Thailand: a 6-year analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2109. [PMID: 37891542 PMCID: PMC10604840 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two types of rotavirus vaccines (RVs), Rotarix (RV1) and RotaTeq (RV5), were licensed as optional vaccines in 2012 and became part of the National Immunization Program (NIP) in the fiscal year 2020 in Thailand. The main objective was to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccines on the burden of acute diarrheal severity ranging from outpatient visits, diarrheal-related admission or deaths in the pre-NIP period (fiscal year 2015-2019) and in the fiscal year 2020. The minor objectives were assessed on the monthly admission rate, rotavirus vaccine coverage rate and rotavirus vaccine completed dose (RotaC). METHODS Data regarding OPD, admission, and death cases under the Thailand National Health Coverage (NHC) from fiscal year 2015-2020, which were recorded as International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problem 10th (ICD-10), were analyzed. RESULTS The burden of diarrheal-related disease diminished after the rotavirus vaccine was introduced in the fiscal year 2020 when compared to the previous 5 fiscal years. The OPD visit rate decreased from 10.1 to 8.3 visits per 100 person-years (P < 0.001), or a 17.8% reduction (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81 to 0.82). The admission rate significantly declined from 31.4 to 30.5 cases per 1,000 person-years, (P < 0.001), or a 2.9% reduction (IRR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.98). The diarrheal-related mortality rate also subsided from 10.2 to 8.1 cases per 100,000 person-years (P 0.3), or a 20.0% reduction (IRR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.22). The major population in both admissions and deaths was infants under 1 year of age (P < 0.001). Seasonality was seen as a constant bimodal pattern, with a significant decrease in monthly admissions after 6 months of rotavirus vaccine introduction to NIP (P < 0.001). RotaC was 37.4% in the first year of NIP. CONCLUSIONS The rotavirus vaccine had a potential benefit for reducing the diarrheal disease burden, especially in infants under one year of age. Seasonality outbreaks of acute diarrhea subsided after the rotavirus vaccine was introduced. The RotaC was fairly low in the first year of the NIP. The quality of the rotavirus vaccine should be warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION Number TCTR20220120003 , date of registration: 20/01/2022, site: Thai Clinical Trials Registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busara Charoenwat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrapap Road, Muang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Kunanya Suwannaying
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrapap Road, Muang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Watuhatai Paibool
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrapap Road, Muang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Napat Laoaroon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrapap Road, Muang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sumitr Sutra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrapap Road, Muang Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kaewjai Thepsuthammarat
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suphasarang Sirirattanakul
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Saguti F, Kjellberg I, Churqui MP, Wang H, Tunovic T, Ottoson J, Bergstedt O, Norder H, Nyström K. The Virucidal Effect of the Chlorination of Water at the Initial Phase of Disinfection May Be Underestimated If Contact Time Calculations Are Used. Pathogens 2023; 12:1216. [PMID: 37887732 PMCID: PMC10609707 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For the microbiological safety of drinking water, disinfection methods are used to remove or inactivate microorganisms. Chlorine and chlorine dioxide are often used as disinfectants in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). We investigated the effectiveness of these chemicals in inactivate echovirus 30 (E30), simian 11 rotavirus (RV SA11), and human adenovirus type 2 (HAdV2) in purified water from a DWTP. Within two minutes of contact, chlorine dioxide inactivated E30 by 4-log10, RV SA11 by 3-log10, and HAdV2 could not be detected, while chlorine reduced E30 by 3-log10, RV SA11 by 2-3log10, and HAdV2 by 3-4log10. However, viral genomes could be detected for up to 2 h using qPCR. The CT method, based on a combination of disinfectant concentration and contact time, during such a short initial phase, is problematic. The high concentrations of disinfectant needed to neutralize organic matter may have a strong immediate effect on virus viability. This may lead to the underestimation of disinfection and overdosing of disinfectants in water with organic contamination. These results are useful for the selection of disinfection systems for reuse of treated wastewater and in the risk assessment of water treatment processes using chlorine and chlorine dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Saguti
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Kjellberg
- Göteborgs Stad Kretslopp och Vatten, 424 23 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianela Patzi Churqui
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timur Tunovic
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Ottoson
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, 75126 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Bergstedt
- Göteborgs Stad Kretslopp och Vatten, 424 23 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helene Norder
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nyström
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Amodio E, D'Anna A, Verso MG, Leonforte F, Genovese D, Vitale F. Rotavirus vaccination as a public health strategy to reduce the burden of hospitalization: The field experience of Italy (2008-2018). J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29000. [PMID: 37515481 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) infection is a leading cause of severe diarrhea among children younger than 5 years old and a considerable cause of RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) hospitalization. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of vaccination in Italy in the reduction of the burden of RV-related disease, estimating the relation between vaccination coverage and hospitalization rates. RVGE-related hospitalizations that occurred in Italy from 2008 to 2018 among children aged 0-35 months were assessed by consulting the Hospital Discharge Record database and including records whose ICD-9-CM diagnosis code was 008.61 in the first or in any diagnosis position. In the 2008-2018 period, a total of 17 535 791 at-risk person-years were considered and 74 211 (423.2 cases × 100 000 per year) RVGE hospitalizations were observed. Higher hospitalization rates occurred in males (456.6 vs. 387.9 × 100 000 per year) and in children aged 1 year (507.8 × 100 000 per year). Poisson regression analysis showed a decrease of -1.25% in hospitalization rates (-1.19% to -1.31%, p < 0.001) per unit increase in vaccination coverage. This is the first study that correlates hospitalization rate reduction with a percentage increase in vaccination coverage. Our findings strongly support RV vaccination as an effective public health strategy for reducing RVGE-related hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Amodio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Anna
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria G Verso
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Leonforte
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Genovese
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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24
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Wang G, Zhang K, Zhang R, Kong X, Guo C. Impact of vaccination with different types of rotavirus vaccines on the incidence of intussusception: a randomized controlled meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1239423. [PMID: 37583623 PMCID: PMC10424850 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1239423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intussusception is a prevalent pediatric issue causing acute abdominal pain, with potential links to rotavirus vaccines. The variety of these vaccines has grown in recent years. This meta-analysis study aims to evaluate the impact of various rotavirus vaccines on intussusception incidence. Methods We executed a thorough search across databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, leading to the selection of 15 credible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that encompass various types of rotavirus vaccines. From each study, we extracted essential details such as vaccine types and intussusception occurrences. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool, conducted statistical analysis with R (version 4.2.3), determined relative risk (RR) using a random effects model, and performed a subgroup analysis for vaccines of differing brands and types. Results We included 15 randomized controlled studies from various countries. While intussusception incidence differed between vaccinated and control groups, this difference was not statistically significant. The overall risk ratio (RR), calculated using a random effects model, was 0.81, with a 95% confidence interval of [0.53, 1.23]. This crossing 1 shows that vaccination didn't notably change disease risk. Additionally, the 0% group heterogeneity suggests consistency across studies, strengthening our conclusions. Subgroup analysis for different vaccine brands and types (RV1 (Rotarix, Rotavac, RV3-BB), RV3 (LLR3), RV5 (RotasiiL, RotaTeq), and RV6) showed no significant variation in intussusception incidence. Despite variations in RR among subgroups, these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions Our study indicates that rotavirus vaccination does not significantly increase the incidence of intussusception. Despite varying impacts across different vaccine brands and types, these variations are insignificant. Given the substantial benefits outweighing the risks, promoting the use of newly developed rotavirus vaccines remains highly valuable. Systematic Review Registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, Identifier CRD42023425279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics,Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaijun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics,Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rensen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangru Kong
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics,Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics,Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
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25
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Han S, Hyun SW, Son JW, Song MS, Lim DJ, Choi C, Park SH, Ha SD. Innovative nonthermal technologies for inactivation of emerging foodborne viruses. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3395-3421. [PMID: 37288815 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Various foodborne viruses have been associated with human health during the last decade, causing gastroenteritis and a huge economic burden worldwide. Furthermore, the emergence of new variants of infectious viruses is growing continuously. Inactivation of foodborne viruses in the food industry is a formidable task because although viruses cannot grow in foods, they can survive in the food matrix during food processing and storage environments. Conventional inactivation methods pose various drawbacks, necessitating more effective and environmentally friendly techniques for controlling foodborne viruses during food production and processing. Various inactivation approaches for controlling foodborne viruses have been attempted in the food industry. However, some traditionally used techniques, such as disinfectant-based or heat treatment, are not always efficient. Nonthermal techniques are considered a new platform for effective and safe treatment to inactivate foodborne viruses. This review focuses on foodborne viruses commonly associated with human gastroenteritis, including newly emerged viruses, such as sapovirus and Aichi virus. It also investigates the use of chemical and nonthermal physical treatments as effective technologies to inactivate foodborne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangha Han
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Hyun
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Son
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Song
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jae Lim
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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26
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Hensley C, Nyblade C, Zhou P, Parreño V, Ramesh A, Frazier A, Frazier M, Garrison S, Fantasia-Davis A, Cai R, Huang PW, Xia M, Tan M, Yuan L. Combined Live Oral Priming and Intramuscular Boosting Regimen with Rotarix ® and a Nanoparticle-Based Trivalent Rotavirus Vaccine Evaluated in Gnotobiotic Pig Models of G4P[6] and G1P[8] Human Rotavirus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:927. [PMID: 37243031 PMCID: PMC10223133 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) is the causative agent of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children under the age of five, resulting in up to 215,000 deaths each year. These deaths almost exclusively occur in low- and middle-income countries where vaccine efficacy is the lowest due to chronic malnutrition, gut dysbiosis, and concurrent enteric viral infection. Parenteral vaccines for HRV are particularly attractive as they avoid many of the concerns associated with currently used live oral vaccines. In this study, a two-dose intramuscular (IM) regimen of the trivalent, nanoparticle-based, nonreplicating HRV vaccine (trivalent S60-VP8*), utilizing the shell (S) domain of the capsid of norovirus as an HRV VP8* antigen display platform, was evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against P[6] and P[8] HRV using gnotobiotic pig models. A prime-boost strategy using one dose of the oral Rotarix® vaccine, followed by one dose of the IM trivalent nanoparticle vaccine was also evaluated. Both regimens were highly immunogenic in inducing serum virus neutralizing, IgG, and IgA antibodies. The two vaccine regimens failed to confer significant protection against diarrhea; however, the prime-boost regimen significantly shortened the duration of virus shedding in pigs challenged orally with the virulent Wa (G1P[8]) HRV and significantly shortened the mean duration of virus shedding, mean peak titer, and area under the curve of virus shedding after challenge with Arg (G4P[6]) HRV. Prime-boost-vaccinated pigs challenged with P[8] HRV had significantly higher P[8]-specific IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the spleen post-challenge. Prime-boost-vaccinated pigs challenged with P[6] HRV had significantly higher numbers of P[6]- and P[8]-specific IgG ASCs in the ileum, as well as significantly higher numbers of P[8]-specific IgA ASCs in the spleen post-challenge. These results suggest the promise of and warrant further investigation into the oral priming and parenteral boosting strategy for future HRV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Charlotte Nyblade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- INCUINTA, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1033AAE, Argentina
| | - Ashwin Ramesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Annie Frazier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Maggie Frazier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Sarah Garrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Ariana Fantasia-Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Ruiqing Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Peng-Wei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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Costantino C, Conforto A, Bonaccorso N, Cimino L, Sciortino M, Palermo M, Maiolo K, Tina LG, Betta PM, Caracciolo M, Loretta CM, Arco A, Gitto E, Vitaliti SM, Mancuso D, Vitaliti G, Rosella V, Pinello G, Corsello G, Serra G, Gabriele B, Tramuto F, Restivo V, Amodio E, Vitale F. Safety of Rotavirus Vaccination in Preterm Infants Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Sicily, Italy: A Multicenter Observational Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040718. [PMID: 37112630 PMCID: PMC10145326 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is among the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in children under five years of age. Despite the severity of rotavirus pathology in early childhood, rotavirus vaccination for children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), who are often born preterm and with various previous illnesses, is not performed. This multicenter, 3-year project aims to evaluate the safety of RV vaccine administration within the six main neonatal intensive care units of the Sicilian Region to preterm infants. Methods: Monovalent live attenuated anti-RV vaccination (RV1) was administered from April 2018 to December 2019 to preterm infants with gestational age ≥ 28 weeks. Vaccine administrations were performed in both inpatient and outpatient hospital settings as a post-discharge follow-up (NICU setting) starting at 6 weeks of age according to the official immunization schedule. Any adverse events (expected, unexpected, and serious) were monitored from vaccine administration up to 14 days (first assessment) and 28 days (second assessment) after each of the two scheduled vaccine doses. Results: At the end of December 2019, 449 preterm infants were vaccinated with both doses of rotavirus vaccine within the six participating Sicilian NICUs. Mean gestational age in weeks was 33.1 (±3.8 SD) and the first dose of RV vaccine was administered at 55 days (±12.9 SD) on average. The mean weight at the first dose was 3388 (SD ± 903) grams. Only 0.6% and 0.2% of infants reported abdominal colic and fever above 38.5 °C in the 14 days after the first dose, respectively. Overall, 1.9% EAEs were observed at 14 days and 0.4% at 28 days after the first/second dose administration. Conclusions: Data obtained from this study confirm the safety of the monovalent rotavirus vaccine even in preterm infants with gestational age ≥ 28 weeks, presenting an opportunity to improve the vaccination offer both in Sicily and in Italy by protecting the most fragile infants who are more at risk of contracting severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and nosocomial RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Arianna Conforto
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicole Bonaccorso
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Livia Cimino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Sciortino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Palermo
- Regional Health Authority of Sicily, Via Vaccaro 5, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Kim Maiolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Pasqua Maria Betta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Catania (G. Rodolico), 90123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Caracciolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Catania (G. Rodolico), 90123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmine Mattia Loretta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Catania (G. Rodolico), 90123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arco
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Domenica Mancuso
- Neonatology Unit, NICU and Creche, ARNAS Civico, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Vitaliti
- Neonatology Unit, NICU and Creche, ARNAS Civico, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rosella
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Department, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Pinello
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Department, Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Palermo (P. Giaccone), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gregorio Serra
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Palermo (P. Giaccone), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruna Gabriele
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Palermo (P. Giaccone), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Tramuto
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Restivo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amodio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Murphy A, Kirby A, De Blasio F. The economic impact of the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus gastroenteritis related hospitalisations in children in Ireland. Vaccine 2023; 41:2656-2663. [PMID: 36948981 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE), a vaccine preventable disease, remains a common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children globally. Ireland introduced the universal rotavirus vaccination to the national immunisation programme in 2016. In this paper the economic impact on RVGE related hospitalisations amongst children under 5 years is examined. METHODS Using national data from all Irish public hospitals, an Interrupted Times Series Analysis (ITSA) compares RVGE hospitalisations amongst children under 5 years, pre- and post-vaccine introduction. Costs are estimated and ITSA results are compared to the counterfactual to estimate the economic impact of the vaccine. A probit model examines patient characteristics pre- and post-vaccine introduction. RESULTS Vaccine introduction coincided with lowered RVGE related hospitalisations. While this effect was delayed (1 year) there is evidence of a sustained impact. RVGE patients' post-vaccine introduction were likely to be over 2 years (p = 0.001) and length of stay was lower on average (p = 0.095). The counterfactual analysis revealed 492 RVGE hospitalisations were avoided on average annually since the introduction of the vaccine. This has an estimated economic value of €0.92 million per annum. CONCLUSIONS Following the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in Ireland, hospitalisations for RVGE decreased significantly and those hospitalised were older and with a reduced length of stay on average. This has the potential for significant cost savings for the Irish healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Ann Kirby
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Federica De Blasio
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Ireland
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Harb N, Sarhan AG, El Dougdoug KA, Gomaa HHA. Ammi-visnaga extract; a novel phyto-antiviral agent against bovine rotavirus. Virusdisease 2023; 34:76-87. [PMID: 37009254 PMCID: PMC10050252 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of bovine rotavirus has a great impact on animal productivity, milk products, and human public health. Thus, this study aimed to develop a novel, effective and accessible Phyto-antiviral treatment made from methanolic Ammi-visnaga seed extract against rotavirus infection. Rotaviruses were isolated from raw milk and cottage cheese samples randomly collected from Cairo and Qalubia governorates. They were all identified serologically, however, only three of them were both biologically and molecularly confirmed. The methanolic extract derived from Khella seeds (MKSE) was chemically analyzed with mass chromatography. The cellular toxicity of MKSE was tested on Caco-2 cells and its antiviral activity against one of the isolated bovine rotaviruses (BRVM1) was tested by both the cytopathic inhibition assay and the plaque reduction assay. Our results showed that 17.3% of the total collected 150 dairy samples were bovine rotavirus antigen positive. Three representatives of them were phylogenetically identified to be included in group A based on a 379 bp coat protein gene. Visnagin, Benzopyran, Khellin, and Benzenepropanoic acid were the major active components found in the MKSE. The maximum non-toxic concentration of MKSE was 5 µg/mL and the CC50 value was 417 µg/mL. The MKSE exhibited in-vitro antiviral activity against BRVM1 indicated by inhibition of the viral cytopathic effect (SI = 204.5, IP = 98%), causing a 1.5 log decrease in BVRM1 TCID50 and reducing the viral plaques count by the percentage of 93.14% at MNTC (5 ug/ml). In conclusion, our study showed that bovine rotavirus represents a severe health problem that needs attention in Egypt, and it supports using MKSE as a potential natural anti-rotavirus agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Harb
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amira G. Sarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Khalid A. El Dougdoug
- Department of Agric. Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanna H. A. Gomaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Amin AB, Tate JE, Waller LA, Lash TL, Lopman BA. Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Against Different Rotavirus Genotypes: A Pooled Analysis of Phase II and III Trial Data. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e1150-e1156. [PMID: 36031386 PMCID: PMC10169401 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus vaccine performance appears worse in countries with high rotavirus genotype diversity. Evidence suggests diminished vaccine efficacy (VE) against G2P[4], which is heterotypic with existing monovalent rotavirus vaccine formulations. Most studies assessing genotype-specific VE have been underpowered and inconclusive. METHODS We pooled individual-level data from 10 Phase II and III clinical trials of rotavirus vaccine containing G1 and P[8] antigens (RV1) conducted between 2000 and 2012. We estimated VE against both any-severity and severe (Vesikari score ≥11) rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) using binomial and multinomial logistic regression models for non-specific VE against any RVGE, genotype-specific VE, and RV1-typic VE against genotypes homotypic, partially heterotypic, or fully heterotypic with RV1 antigens. We adjusted models for concomitant oral poliovirus and RV1 vaccination and the country's designated child mortality stratum. RESULTS Analysis included 87 644 infants from 22 countries in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia. For VE against severe RVGE, non-specific VE was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87-94%). Genotype-specific VE ranged from 96% (95% CI: 89-98%) against G1P[8] to 71% (43-85%) against G2P[4]. RV1-typic VE was 92% (95% CI: 84-96%) against partially heterotypic genotypes but 83% (67-91%) against fully heterotypic genotypes. For VE against any-severity RVGE, non-specific VE was 82% (95% CI: 75-87%). Genotype-specific VE ranged from 94% (95% CI: 86-97%) against G1P[8] to 63% (41-77%) against G2P[4]. RV1-typic VE was 83% (95% CI: 72-90%) against partially heterotypic genotypes but 63% (40-77%) against fully heterotypic genotypes. CONCLUSIONS RV1 VE is comparatively diminished against fully heterotypic genotypes including G2P[4].
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnika B Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lance A Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin A Lopman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Vaccine evaluation and genotype characterization in children infected with rotavirus in Qatar. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02468-7. [PMID: 36658331 PMCID: PMC10382313 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We characterized and identified the genetic and antigenic variations of circulating rotavirus strains in comparison to used rotavirus vaccines. METHODS Rotavirus-positive samples (n = 231) were collected and analyzed. The VP7 and VP4 genes were sequenced and analyzed against the rotavirus vaccine strains. Antigenic variations were illustrated on the three-dimensional models of surface proteins. RESULTS In all, 59.7% of the hospitalized children were vaccinated, of which only 57.2% received two doses. There were no significant differences between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups in terms of clinical outcome. The G3 was the dominant genotype (40%) regardless of vaccination status. Several amino acid changes were identified in the VP7 and VP4 antigenic epitopes compared to the licensed vaccines. The highest variability was seen in the G3 (6 substitutions) and P[4] (11 substitutions) genotypes in comparison to RotaTeq®. In comparison to Rotarix®, G1 strains possessed three amino acid changes in 7-1a and 7-2 epitopes while P[8] strains possessed five amino acid changes in 8-1 and 8-3 epitopes. CONCLUSIONS The current use of Rotarix® vaccine might not be effective in preventing the infection due to the higher numbers of G3-associated cases. The wide range of mutations in the antigenic epitopes compared to vaccine strains may compromise the vaccine's effectiveness. IMPACT The reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness necessitate regular evaluation of the vaccine content to ensure optimal protection. We characterized and identified the genetic and antigenic variations of circulating rotavirus strains in comparison to the Rotarix vaccine strain that is used in Qatar. The study highlight the importance for regular monitoring of emerging rotavirus variants and their impact on vaccine effectiveness in young children.
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Middleton BF, Danchin M, Fathima P, Bines JE, Macartney K, Snelling TL. Review of the health impact of the oral rotavirus vaccine program in children under 5 years in Australia: 2006 - 2021. Vaccine 2023; 41:636-648. [PMID: 36529591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral rotavirus vaccines were incorporated into the National Immunisation Program (NIP) for all Australian infants in July 2007. Initially each of the eight jurisdictions implemented Rotarix or RotaTeq rotavirus vaccine, however from July 2017 all states and territories have administered Rotarix only. This review evaluates the health impact of the oral rotavirus vaccine program for Australian children less than 5 years old over the first 15 years of the rotavirus vaccine program, observing long-term changes in rotavirus-related health care attendances, public health notifications, and vaccine effectiveness and safety data for both Rotarix and RotaTeq rotavirus vaccines. We searched Medline for studies published between January 2006 and May 2022 using the search terms 'rotavirus', 'rotavirus vaccine' and 'Australia'. Of 491 items identified, 76 items - 36 peer-reviewed articles and 40 reports - were included in the review. We found evidence that the introduction of the oral rotavirus vaccine program in Australia was associated with a prompt reduction in rotavirus-coded and all-cause gastroenteritis hospitalisations of vaccine-eligible children. In the context of less complete coverage, reduced vaccine timeliness and lower vaccine effectiveness, a less substantial and inconsistent reduction in severe rotavirus disease was observed among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, particularly those living in rural and remote northern Australia. Additional studies report no evidence for the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes and/ or replacement serotypes in Australia during the vaccine era. While the health impact for young children and consequent cost-savings of the oral rotavirus vaccine program have been high, it is important to find strategies to improve rotavirus vaccine impact for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations to ensure health benefits for all Australian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca F Middleton
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Margie Danchin
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Parveen Fathima
- Health and Clinical Analytics, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie E Bines
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristine Macartney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas L Snelling
- Health and Clinical Analytics, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Namazova-Baranova LS, Fedoseenko MV, Kalyuzhnaia TA, Shakhtakhtinskaya FC, Tolstova SV, Selvyan AM. New Possibilities of Preventive Immunization for Rotavirus Infection in Russian Federation. Overview of the Innovative Rotavirus Vaccine Profile. PEDIATRIC PHARMACOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.15690/pf.v19i6.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This article is devoted to the issue of rotavirus infection in pediatric population and demonstrates worldwide prevalence of rotavirus among the causes of viral gastroenteritis and its persistent leadership among the causes of fatal diarrhea in children of the first 5 years of life. Specific prevention of rotavirus infection has been actively carried out around the world since 2005. Nowadays, we have adequate experience in the use of various rotavirus vaccines bolstered by their implementation in immunisation schedules for infants. The authors provide data on the efficacy and safety of rotavirus vaccines licensed and used in Russian Federation, involving the results of studies on safety, immunological and clinical efficacy of one of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Marina V. Fedoseenko
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Tatiana A. Kalyuzhnaia
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Firuza Ch. Shakhtakhtinskaya
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Svetlana V. Tolstova
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery
| | - Arevaluis M. Selvyan
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery
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Kuri P, Goswami P. Current Update on Rotavirus in-Silico Multiepitope Vaccine Design. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:190-207. [PMID: 36643547 PMCID: PMC9835168 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus gastroenteritis is one of the leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide in infants and under-five populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended global incorporation of the rotavirus vaccine in national immunization programs to alleviate the burden of the disease. Implementation of the rotavirus vaccination in certain regions of the world brought about a significant and consistent reduction of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations. However, the efficacy of licensed vaccines remains suboptimal in low-income countries where the incidences of rotavirus gastroenteritis continue to happen unabated. The problem of low efficacy of currently licensed oral rotavirus vaccines in low-income countries necessitates continuous exploration, design, and development of new rotavirus vaccines. Traditional vaccine development is a complex, expensive, labor-intensive, and time-consuming process. Reverse vaccinology essentially utilizes the genome and proteome information on pathogens and has opened new avenues for in-silico multiepitope vaccine design for a plethora of pathogens, promising time reduction in the complete vaccine development pipeline by complementing the traditional vaccinology approach. A substantial number of reviews on licensed rotavirus vaccines and those under evaluation are already available in the literature. However, a collective account of rotavirus in-silico vaccines is lacking in the literature, and such an account may further fuel the interest of researchers to use reverse vaccinology to expedite the vaccine development process. Therefore, the main focus of this review is to summarize the research endeavors undertaken for the design and development of rotavirus vaccines by the reverse vaccinology approach utilizing the tools of immunoinformatics.
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Teimoori A, Mirshahabi H, Khansarinejad B, Soleimanjahi H, Karimi H, Rasti M, Shatizadeh Malekshahi S. Significant alteration of IFN stimulated genes expression in MA104 cells infected with bovine rotavirus RF strain. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:56-65. [PMID: 36052996 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2118061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) trigger signaling cascades, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). Rotavirus (RV) countermeasures against innate responses and understanding of these processes will improve our knowledge regarding immunopathogenesis of RV infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of RV RF strain on the important ISG candidate genes engaging in virus infections for which little information is known in RV RF strain. To this end, MA104 cells were mock/infected with RF followed by incubation in the presence or absence of IFN-α and the expression of MX1, OAS1, STAT1, ISG15, and ISG56 mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. All of ISGs' mRNAs showed higher expression levels in IFN I treated cells compared to virus-infected cells except for ISG56. Infecting the cells with RV and treatment with IFN type I led to overexpression of ISG56 compared to cells were either infected with the virus or only treated with IFN I. In conclusion, we showed that the RV RF strain efficiently blocks type I IFN-induced gene expression particularly ISG15, MX1, STAT, and OSA1 as antiviral proteins. Furthermore, viruses may use some ISGs such as ISG 56 to regulate IFN I signaling pathway, negatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hessam Mirshahabi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behzad Khansarinejad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Karimi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rasti
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Tate JE, Cortese MM, Offit PA, Parashar UD. Rotavirus Vaccines. PLOTKIN'S VACCINES 2023:1005-1024.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-79058-1.00053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
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Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Fang H. Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in China: Comparison between private market provision and national immunization programs. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2090162. [PMID: 35816415 PMCID: PMC10019831 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2090162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, progress to include the RV vaccine in the national immunization program (NIP) is slow. The only two vaccines, the Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR) and Rotateq, are provided through the private market. This study aims to assess the health impact and cost-effectiveness of using three vaccines in the NIP, Rotateq, Rotarix, and LLR, compared to the status quo. A decision-tree Markov model was adopted to follow the 2019 birth cohort, and a societal perspective was used. Input parameters were based on the latest local data when possible. Outcomes included cases and deaths averted, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER). Sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses to consider herd immunity and vaccine price reduction were performed. Including Rotateq in the NIP was projected to prevent 348 million RVGE cases (62.6% reduction) and 4251 deaths (72.6% reduction) compared to the status quo. Rotarix through the NIP would prevent 48.7% of cases and 63.2% of deaths, and LLR would avert 20.3% of cases and 22.4% of deaths. The ICERs per QALY gained were US$ 8833 for Rotateq through the NIP, US$ 9503 for Rotarix, and US$ 26,759 for LLR. In uncertainty analyses, the reduction of vaccine prices and the incorporation of herd immunity further improved the cost-effectiveness of the NIPs, especially Rotateq or Rotarix. In conclusion, introducing the RV vaccine in China's NIP is expected to be cost-effective compared to the GDP per capita. Reducing vaccine prices and adopting vaccines with better efficacy would be the future focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Center for Vaccine Economics, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
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Bagali S, Kakhandaki L, Karigoudar R, Wavare S, Shahapur PR, Patil MM. Comparative Analysis of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatography for Rotavirus and Adenovirus Detection in Children below Five Years with Acute Gastroenteritis. J Lab Physicians 2022; 15:110-116. [PMID: 37064981 PMCID: PMC10104705 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction The most frequent etiologies of viral gastroenteritis among young children are rotavirus and enteric adenovirus. The clinical signs and symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are not distinct enough to allow for diagnosis. For the diagnosis and treatment of acute gastroenteritis, it is preferable to use quick, simple, and low-cost procedures. This study was undertaken to determine efficacy of immune-chromatography test (ICT) in comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect rotavirus and adenovirus antigen in fecal specimen among children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis.
Materials and Methods In a cross-sectional observational study, 314 fecal samples were collected from children aged less than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis attending or admitted to a tertiary care hospital during the 1 year study period. Samples were tested for rotavirus and adenovirus antigen using ICT and ELISA.
Results Among the 314 children evaluated, 112 (35.66%) had rotavirus infection, nine (2.86%) had adenovirus infection, and three (0.95%) had both rotavirus and adenovirus infection. This study found that ICT is 98.20% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of rotaviral diarrhea and 100% sensitive and 99.7% specific for adenovirus diarrhea, compared to ELISA.
Conclusion Immunochromatography tests used for the detection of rotavirus and adenovirus in the fecal sample showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The ICT is easy to perform and rapid, and it does not require any special equipment. Hence, the ICT could be used as an alternative method for detecting viral pathogens in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Bagali
- Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Laxmi Kakhandaki
- Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Karigoudar
- Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Wavare
- Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen R. Shahapur
- Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallanagouda M. Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
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Virus Association with Gastric Inflammation and Cancer: An Updated Overview. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jommid.10.4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Weissman A, Bennett J, Smith N, Burdorf C, Johnston E, Malachowsky B, Banks L. Computational Modeling of Virally-encoded Ion Channel Structure. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-2182743. [PMID: 36299429 PMCID: PMC9603836 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2182743/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viroporins are ion channels encoded within a virus's genome, that facilitate a range of devastating infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, and rotavirus. The non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) from rotavirus includes a viroporin domain that disrupts cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, initiating viral replication, and leading to life-threatening vomiting and diarrhea. Though the structure of soluble segments of NSP4 has been determined, membrane-associated regions, including the viroporin domain, remain elusive when utilizing well-established available experimental methods such as x-ray crystallography. However, two recently published protein folding algorithms, AlphaFold2 and trRosetta, demonstrated a high degree of accuracy, when determining the structure of membrane proteins from their primary amino acid sequences, though their training datasets are known to exclude proteins from viral systems. We tested the ability of these non-viral algorithms to predict functional molecular structures of the full-length NSP4 from SA11 rotavirus. We also compared the accuracy of these structures to predictions of other experimental structures of eukaryotic proteins from the Protein Data Banks (PDB), and show that the algorithms predict models more similar to corresponding experimental data than what we saw for the viroporin structure. Our data suggest that while AlphaFold2 and trRosetta each produced distinct NSP4 models, constructs based on either model showed viroporin activity when expressed in E. coli, consistent with that seen from other historical NSP4 sequences.
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Khan NU, Shamsullah, Shahidullah, Shah AA, Zaidi SSZ, Chen Z. Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus in Pakistani Children Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Gastroenteritis under the Age of Five Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12534. [PMID: 36231834 PMCID: PMC9566016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children around the globe. Along with other enteropathogens, human adenovirus (HadV) is a major etiological agent associated with diarrhea in young children. However, information about the epidemiology of Adenoviruses in Pakistan is limited or has not been reported. A total of 1082 stool samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis under the age of five years with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps who visited Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi and Children's hospital in Lahore of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Of this, 384 cases with no blood in their stool, negative for Rotavirus, and under the age of five years were recruited in this study. Human Adenoviruses were isolated in the human epithelial HEp-2 cell line. Furthermore, adenovirus antigen detection was carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and then all positive and negative samples were confirmed by nested PCR. After inoculating a clear stool supernatant on HEp-2 cell lines, we observed a positive cytopathic effect in 65 (16%) cases. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HAdV antigens were detected in 54 (14.06%) of the clear supernatant from gastroenteritis cases. However, HAdV hexon coding regions were amplified in 57 (14.80%) fecal samples, mainly from patients ≤24 months of age. The findings of this study suggest that adenovirus circulates significantly in the children population under the age of five years and may be the potential etiological factor of acute gastroenteritis in the mentioned cities. This study provides baseline data about the possible role of adenovirus in causing viral diarrhea in children. Further large-scale epidemiological surveys are recommended to better understand disease burden, etiological agents, and its clinical impact across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazif Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Centre for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shamsullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahidullah
- Khyber Medical College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Centre for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Lee KY. Rotavirus infection-associated central nervous system complications: clinicoradiological features and potential mechanisms. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:483-493. [PMID: 35130429 PMCID: PMC9561191 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of vaccines in 2006, rotavirus remains one of the most common causes of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide. While many studies have conclusively shown that rotavirus infection causes gastroenteritis and is associated with various extraintestinal manifestations including central nervous system (CNS) complications, extraintestinal manifestations due to rotavirus infection have been relatively overlooked. Rotavirus infection-associated CNS complications are common in children and present with diverse clinicoradiological features. Rotavirus infection-associated CNS complications can be classified based on clinical features and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, particularly lesion location on diffusion-weighted imaging. Common clinicoradiological features of rotavirus infection-associated CNS complications include: (1) benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis; (2) acute encephalopathies/encephalitis, such as mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion, acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion, and acute necrotizing encephalopathy; (3) acute cerebellitis; and (4) neonatal rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy. The precise mechanism underlying the development of these complications remains unknown despite a number of clinical and laboratory studies. Here we review the diverse clinicoradiological features of rotavirus infection-associated CNS complications and propose a hypothesis of their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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El-Gayar MH, Saleh SE, Mohamed AF, Aboulwafa MM, Hassouna NA, Allayeh AK. Isolation, Propagation and Genotyping of Human Rotaviruses Circulating among Children with Gastroenteritis in Two Egyptian University Hospitals. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101413. [PMID: 36290316 PMCID: PMC9598786 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Group A rotaviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis affecting Egyptian children under the age of five, with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe dehydration or death. In the present work, diarrheal samples from Egyptian children admitted to gastrointestinal pediatric wards of two main governmental hospitals were collected and molecularly analyzed for Group A rotavirus. Our findings revealed that rotaviruses accounted for more than one-sixth of all cases under study, peaking in the winter. G1P[8] was the most prevalent rotavirus genotype in this study. The two cell lines used in our work coherently isolated and propagated rotavirus strains. Continuous rotavirus detection and genome sequencing of the successfully isolated strains will be recommended in the future in order to support the control of such viruses, and tackle the problem in Egypt. Abstract The most prevalent cause of infectious neonatal diarrhea is Group A rotavirus (RVA). Unfortunately, there is a dearth of data on the incidence of rotavirus-associated infections among Egyptian children. The present study aimed to isolate, propagate, and genotype human rotaviruses circulating among Egyptian children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to two main university pediatric hospitals, Abo El-Reesh and El-Demerdash, over two consecutive winters, 2018–2020. Diarrheal samples (n = 230) were screened for Group A rotavirus RNA using RT-PCR assay. In positive samples (n = 34), multiplex semi-nested PCR was utilized to determine G and P genotypes. Thirty-four (14.8%) of the collected samples tested positive. The genotype distribution revealed that G1P[8] was the predominant rotavirus genotype throughout the current study. All rotavirus-positive fecal samples were passaged twice on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) and rhesus monkey kidney epithelial cell line (MA104). Both cell lines could successfully isolate 14.7% (n = 5 out of 34) of the identified strains; however, Caco-2 cell line was shown to be more efficient than MA104 in promoting the propagation of human rotaviruses identified in Egyptian children’s feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H. El-Gayar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sarra E. Saleh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Aly F. Mohamed
- The International Center for Training & Advanced Researches (ICTAR–Egypt1), Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M. Aboulwafa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sudr 46612, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-1002350371
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Abdou Kamal Allayeh
- Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Effectiveness and Safety of Saccharomyces Boulardii for the Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6234858. [PMID: 36176742 PMCID: PMC9514928 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6234858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children aged under 5. Methods Two independent researchers retrieved literature from PubMed, OVID, Embase, ScienceDirect, and other databases, followed by extracting indicators of the primary endpoints. Cochrane Q test and I2 statistics were used to evaluate interstudy heterogeneity. The relative risk (RR) and mean difference (MD) of related indicators were calculated and combined using the random- or fixed-effect model, as appropriate. Furthermore, the funnel plot and Egger's test were used to evaluate the publication bias. A two-sided P < 0.05 denoted statistical significance. Results 10 articles were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 1282 children having acute gastroenteritis. The use of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute gastroenteritis could effectively shorten diarrhea duration (MD = 19.70, 95% CI: -24.87, 14.52) and reduce the length of hospital stay (MD = −0.91, 95% CI: -1.28, -0.54). Compared with the control group, the RR of continued diarrhea was significantly lower in the treatment group after 1 day treatment (RR = −0.31, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.03) and 3 days treatment (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.66). In addition, treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii reduced the average number of diarrhea after 3 days of treatment by about 1.03 (MD = −1.03, 95% CI: -1.53, -0.53). There were no adverse drug reactions in both groups. Conclusion The use of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii can significantly improve the symptoms of diarrhea in children with acute gastroenteritis and reduce the duration of diarrhea symptoms and the time of hospitalization. Meanwhile, the RR of continued diarrhea in children after 1 and 3 days of Saccharomyces boulardii treatment and the frequency of diarrhea after 3 days of Saccharomyces boulardii treatment were decreased. It is also safe and does not increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions.
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Liu X, Wang M, Li S, Li J, Xiao J, Li H, Zhang Q, Kong X, Wang H, Li D, Duan Z. Genomic and evolutionary characteristics of G9P[8], the dominant group a rotavirus in China (2016–2018). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997957. [PMID: 36187963 PMCID: PMC9522900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
G9P[8] became the predominant rotavirus A (RVA) genotype in China in 2012. To evaluate its genetic composition at the whole-genome level, 115 G9P[8] RVA strains isolated from children under 5 years old were sequenced and characterized. All 13 strains in 2016 and 2017 and an additional 54 strains in 2018 were genotyped as G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. The other 48 strains in 2018 were all genotyped as G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1, with the NSP4 gene characterized as a DS-1-like genotype. The time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and evolution rates of the VP7, VP4, and NSP4 (E1 and E2) genes of these strains were estimated by Bayesian evolutionary dynamics analysis. We estimated the evolution rates (nt substitutions per site per year) as 1.38 × 10–3 [the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) was 1.09–1.72 × 10–3] for VP7, 0.87 × 10–3 (95% HPD: 0.75–1.00 × 10–3) for VP4, 0.56 × 10–3 (95% HPD: 0.41–0.73 × 10–3) for NSP4-E1, and 1.35 × 10–3 (95% HPD: 0.92–1.86 × 10–3) for NSP4-E2. The tMRCA was estimated to be 1935.4 (95% HPD: 1892.4–1961.3) for VP7, 1894.3 (95% HPD: 1850.5–1937.8) for VP4, 1929.4 (95% HPD: 1892.4–1961.3) for NSP4-E1, and 1969.2 (95% HPD: 1942.2–1985.3) for NSP4-E2. The baseline genetic information in this study is expected to improve our understanding of the genomic and evolutionary characteristics of the rotavirus genome. Furthermore, it will provide a basis for the development of next-generation rotavirus vaccines for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Xiao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dandi Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandi Li,
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Zhaojun Duan,
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Antia A, Pinski AN, Ding S. Re-Examining Rotavirus Innate Immune Evasion: Potential Applications of the Reverse Genetics System. mBio 2022; 13:e0130822. [PMID: 35699371 PMCID: PMC9426431 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01308-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses represent one of the most successful pathogens in the world, with high infectivity and efficient transmission between the young of many animal species, including humans. To overcome host defenses, rotaviruses have evolved a plethora of strategies to effectively evade the innate immune response, establish initial infection in the small intestine, produce progeny, and shed into the environment. Previously, studying the roles and relative contributions of specific rotaviral factors in innate immune evasion had been challenging without a plasmid-only reverse genetics system. Although still in its infancy, current reverse genetics technology will help address important research questions regarding rotavirus innate immune evasion, host range restriction, and viral pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the antiviral host innate immune defense mechanisms, countermeasures of rotavirus-encoded factors, and strategies to better understand these interactions using the rotavirus reverse genetics system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avan Antia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amanda N. Pinski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Sanni FO, Bartholomew OB, Conteh I, Gwa Z, Oyewande AA, Ajani OF, Dada MO, Abiodun PO, Yashim AN, Tomori MO, Laide A, Okwose I, Bello A. Prevalence of rotavirus infection
among children under five years
at a tertiary institution in Nigeria. IMC JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.55010/imcjms.16.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Rotavirus is a significant cause of nonbacterial diarrhea, especially in infants and young children worldwide. This study evaluated the pattern of rotavirus infection in children under five years presenting with acute diarrhea in Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria.
Methodology: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study to describe the prevalence of rotavirus infection among children. The study enrolled children 1 to 59 months old with acute diarrhea attending General Paediatric Outpatient clinic and hospitalized in the Emergency Paediatric Unit of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Rotavirus antigen was detected in the stool by qualitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0.
Results: The study comprised of 414 diarrhoeal children aged 1–59 months, of which 226 (54.6%) were male and the mean age was 12.1 months. The overall rate of rotavirus infection was 43.0% (178/ 414). The rotavirus infection was slightly higher among females than in males (46.8% vs 39.8%; p=0.153). Children from upper and middle social classes were at 1.95 [CI=1.17–3.26] and 3.08[CI=1.77–5.34] times higher risks of rotavirus induced diarrhea than the children from the lower social class (p<0.005). Children whose mothers had post-secondary education were three times more at risk of rotavirus diarrhea [OR=3.70; CI=1.46–9.36] than those with primary or no formal education (p<0.05). Children who had never been vaccinated against rotavirus were four times more likely to suffer rotavirus infection than those who had been vaccinated [OR=3.96; 95%CI=1.13–13.89, p=0.032].
Conclusion: This study found that rotavirus was an important causative agent of diarrhea in children in Gwagwalada, Abuja. Due to low rotavirus vaccination status in children, rotavirus screening tests are necessary for children with acute diarrheal disease.
J Med Sci. 2022; 16(2): 010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.16.020
*Correspondence: Felix Olaniyi Sanni, Department of Public Health, Fescosof Data Solutions, Ogun, Nigeria. Email: fescosofanalysis@gmail.com
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zachary Gwa
- Management Department, Akesis, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Michael Olugbamila Dada
- Family Health International (FHI360), Plot 1073-A1, GODAB Plaza, Area 3, Garki-Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Andrew Nuhu Yashim
- Haematology and Blood Transfusion Department, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Innocent Okwose
- School of Business (OHS),, Loughborough University,United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Bello
- Department of Public Health, World Health Organisation, Abuja, Nigeria
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Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Jaimes J, Perkins C, Ward ML, Esona MD, Gautam R, Lewis J, Sturgeon M, Panjwani J, Bloom GA, Miller S, Reisdorf E, Riley AM, Pence MA, Dunn J, Selvarangan R, Jerris RC, DeGroat D, Parashar UD, Cortese MM, Bowen MD. Rotavirus Strain Trends in United States, 2009-2016: Results from the National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS). Viruses 2022; 14:1775. [PMID: 36016397 PMCID: PMC9414880 DOI: 10.3390/v14081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the introduction of vaccines, group A rotaviruses (RVA) were the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS) was established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to perform passive RVA surveillance in the USA. We report the distribution of RVA genotypes collected through NRSSS during the 2009-2016 RVA seasons and retrospectively examine the genotypes detected through the NRSSS since 1996. During the 2009-2016 RVA seasons, 2134 RVA-positive fecal specimens were sent to the CDC for analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes by RT-PCR genotyping assays and sequencing. During 2009-2011, RVA genotype G3P[8] dominated, while G12P[8] was the dominant genotype during 2012-2016. Vaccine strains were detected in 1.7% of specimens and uncommon/unusual strains, including equine-like G3P[8] strains, were found in 1.9%. Phylogenetic analyses showed limited VP7 and VP4 sequence variation within the common genotypes with 1-3 alleles/lineages identified per genotype. A review of 20 years of NRSSS surveillance showed two changes in genotype dominance, from G1P[8] to G3P[8] and then G3P[8] to G12P[8]. A better understanding of the long-term effects of vaccine use on epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of circulating RVA strains requires continued surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jose Jaimes
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Charity Perkins
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - M. Leanne Ward
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mathew D. Esona
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rashi Gautam
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jamie Lewis
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michele Sturgeon
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Junaid Panjwani
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Gail A. Bloom
- Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory, Indiana University, 350 West 11th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Steve Miller
- UCSF Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, 185 Berry St, Suite 290, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Erik Reisdorf
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
| | - Ann Marie Riley
- Infectious Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan A. Pence
- Cook Children’s Medical Center, 801 Seventh Ave., Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - James Dunn
- Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Suite AB1195, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Robert C. Jerris
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Dona DeGroat
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, 5801 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Umesh D. Parashar
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Margaret M. Cortese
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michael D. Bowen
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mail Stop G-04, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Okitsu S, Khamrin P, Hikita T, Thongprachum A, Pham NTK, Hoque SA, Hayakawa S, Maneekarn N, Ushijima H. Changing distribution of rotavirus A genotypes circulating in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis in outpatient clinic, 2014-2020. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:816-825. [PMID: 35759807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major cause of severe acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and children worldwide. In Japan, two kinds of rotavirus vaccines have been introduced as voluntary vaccines in 2011 and 2012, respectively, and launched into the national vaccine program in October 2020. METHODS In this study, we investigated prevalence of RVA and their molecular characterization in the stool samples collected from infants and children with AGE who visited one outpatient clinic in Japan, from July 2014 to June 2020, during voluntary vaccination with two kinds of rotavirus vaccines. RESULTS The RVA detection rates decreased from 44.7 % in 2014-2015 to 35.4 % in 2018-2019, whereas in 2019-2020 the numbers of samples collected were dramatically decreased and none of RVA was detected. During this study period, rotavirus vaccination rates in this area increased from 32.4 % to 62.2 %. Distribution of RVA VP7 (G), VP4 (P), and VP6 (I) genotypes in this area had changed year by year; the major genotype combinations were G1P[8]I1 and G1P[8]I2 in 2014-2015, G2P[4]I2 and G9P[8]I1 in 2015-2016, G1P[8]I1 and G8P[8]I2 in 2017-2018, and G8P[8]I2 in 2018-2019. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that VP7 nucleotide sequences of G1 were genetically diverse compared with those of other G genotypes in this study. Meanwhile, predominance of unusual G2P[8]I1, G2P[8]I2 and mixed P genotypes were observed only in 2016-2017, but did not carry on in 2017-2019. The equine-like G3 was detected only in 2016-2017. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed diversity of RVA genotypes and the genotype combinations have changed year by year in Japan, during the study period of 2016-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Okitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Aksara Thongprachum
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Pham
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sheikh Ariful Hoque
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Gholipour S, Ghalhari MR, Nikaeen M, Rabbani D, Pakzad P, Miranzadeh MB. Occurrence of viruses in sewage sludge: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153886. [PMID: 35182626 PMCID: PMC8848571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Enteric viruses are of great importance in wastewater due to their high excretion from infected individuals, low removal in wastewater treatment processes, long-time survival in the environment, and low infectious dose. Among the other viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surveillance in wastewater systems has received particular attention as a result of the current COVID-19 epidemic. Viruses adhering to solid particles in wastewater treatment processes will end up as sewage sludge, and therefore insufficient sludge treatment may result in viral particles dissemination into the environment. Here, we review data on viruses' presence in sewage sludge, their detection and concentration methods, and information on human health issues associated with sewage sludge land application. We used combinations of the following keywords in the Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and PubMed databases, which were published between 2010 and January 21th, 2022: sludge (sewage sludge, biosolids, sewage solids, wastewater solids) and virus (enteric virus, viral particles, viral contamination, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus). The sources were searched twice, once with and then without the common enteric virus names (adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis A virus). Studies suggest adenovirus and norovirus as the most prevalent enteric viruses in sewage sludge. Indeed, other viruses include rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, and enterovirus were frequently found in sewage sludge samples. Untreated biological sludge and thickened sludge showed more viral contamination level than digested sludge and the lowest prevalence of viruses was reported in lime stabilized sludge. The review reveals that land application of sewage sludge may pose viral infection risks to people due to accidently ingestion of sludge or intake of crops grown in biosolids amended soil. Moreover, contamination of groundwater and/or surface water may occur due to land application of sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Gholipour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezvani Ghalhari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Nikaeen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davarkhah Rabbani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pakzad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Miranzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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