• Humans
• Male
• Ciprofloxacin/adverse effects
• Female
• Basophils/immunology
• Basophils/metabolism
• Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
• Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
• Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis
• Drug Hypersensitivity/immunology
• Tetraspanin 30/metabolism
• Basophil Degranulation Test/methods
• Case-Control Studies
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects

Tissue hormone histamine can accumulate locally within the periodontal ligament via nutrition or may be released during allergic reactions by mast cells, which may have an impact on orthodontic tooth movement. In addition to periodontal ligament fibroblasts, cells of the immune system such as macrophages are exposed to compressive strain. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the impact of histamine on the gene expression profile of macrophages in the context of simulated orthodontic compressive strain.

Macrophages were incubated with different histamine concentrations (50, 100, 200 µM) for 24 h and then either left untreated or compressed for another 4 h. To assess the role of different histamine receptors, we performed experiments with antagonists for histamine 1 receptor (cetirizine), histamine 2 receptor (ranitidine) and histamine 4 receptor (JNJ7777120) under control and pressure conditions. We tested for lactate dehydrogenase release and analyzed the expression of genes involved in inflammation and bone remodeling by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Histamine elevated gene expression of tumor necrosis factor under control conditions and in combination with pressure application. Increased prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase‑2 mRNA was observed when histamine was combined with compressive force. Interleukin‑6 gene expression was not affected by histamine treatment. In macrophages, compressive strain increased osteoprotegerin gene expression. Histamine further elevated this effect. Most of the observed histamine effects were blocked by the histamine 1 receptor antagonist cetirizine.

Histamine has an impact on the gene expression profile of macrophages during compressive strain in vitro, most likely having an impairing effect on orthodontic tooth movement by upregulation of osteoprotegerin expression.

• Compressive force
• Cytokines
• In vitro techniques
• Orthodontic tooth movement
• Osteoprotegerin

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a disease of unknown etiology and autoimmunity has been thought to be an etiological factor. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) may play a role in the pathogenesis of certain cases of urticaria. The aim of this study is to investigate IgE-anti-TPO in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

A total of 175 subjects were included in this study. 59 patients had chronic spontaneous urticaria without history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, while 58 patients had Hashimoto’s thyroiditis without history of urticaria. The control group consisted of 58 participants without history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and urticaria. Serum IgE-anti-TPO levels were analyzed by site-directed IgE capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique. We used this technique by modifying it.

IgE-anti-TPO antibodies were detected in all three groups and in all subjects. There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of IgE-anti-TPO levels. Although total IgE and IgE-anti-TPO levels were higher in the IgG-anti-TPO positive chronic spontaneous urticaria, there was no significant difference.

IgE-anti-TPO antibodies do not play a pathogenic role in the majority of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

• chronic urticaria
• immunoglobulin E
• thyroid peroxidase
• thyroiditis

• Anxiety
• Chronic spontaneous urticaria
• Cohort
• Depression
• Obesity
• Smoking

Data on the natural history and prognostic variables of chronic urticaria (CU) are rare and information about spontaneous remission of CU is limited.

This study evaluated the natural history of CU and identified predictors for remission.

Total 329 Korean patients with CU, who had follow-ups more than 6 months after diagnosis during a 7-year period in the department of dermatology in three university hospitals were enrolled. Clinical data and laboratory findings obtained by medical records and telephone interviews were analyzed, retrospectively.

The proportion recovered in 1, 3, and 5 years after the onset of CU was 10.8%, 18.8%, and 32.9%, respectively. The mean duration of CU was 6.3 years. There were no significant differences in median recovery time depending on sex, age group, severity of CU, and type of CU. The presence of angioedema was significantly related to CU severity. There were no differences in prognosis with respect to the presence of dermographism or angioedema. Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) had a significantly worse prognosis than patients without a history of AD; but not in patients with the history of allergic rhinitis or asthma. Patients with abnormal laboratory findings did not differ significantly in prognosis.

CU remission rate significantly differ according to the presence of AD. This study provides information about the natural course of CU of Korean patients.

• Epidemiology
• Prognosis
• Remission
• Urticaria

The purpose of this study was to identify chronic urticaria (CU) etiologies and treatment modalities in Ecuador. We propose that the sample distribution fits the expected one, and that there is an association between the etiology and its treatment.

We performed a retrospective study involving 112 patients diagnosed with CU using a Checklist for a complete chronic urticaria medical history. Demographic and clinical variables were collected. The etiology of CU was classified using the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline. Descriptive analyses were performed for demographical and clinical variables. Chi square tests were applied to analyze the fit of distribution and the independence of variables. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Among all the patients, 76.8% were diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), of which 22.3% had a known etiology or possible exacerbating condition. Food allergy was identified as the most common accompanying condition in patients with CSU (10.7%) (p < 0.01).. On the other hand, 23.2% inducible urticarias (CIndU) were indentified; dermographism was the most common (10.7%) (p < 0.01).

Regarding treatment regimens, sg-H1-antihistamines alone represented the highest proportion (44.6%). The combination of any H1-antihistamine plus other drug was a close second (42.0%) (p < 0.01). Almost 48% of CSUs of unknown etiology were treated with any antihistamine plus another drug. In patients with known etiology, sg-antihistamines alone (44.0%) was the most common management. In addition, 53.8% of CIndUs were treated with sg-antihistamines alone. Though, these associations were not statistically significant.

CSU is the most frequent subtype of CU. Modern non-sedating antihistamines in licensed doses are the drug of choice. Nevertheless, a great proportion of patients require the addition of another type of medication.

• Antihistamine
• Autoimmune thyroid diseases
• Chronic inducible urticaria
• Chronic spontaneous urticaria
• Chronic urticaria
• Urticarial vasculitis

Some previous studies reported autoimmunity as an etiologic factor in chronic urticaria (CU), but the results of some autoimmunity tests in these studies are conflicting.

To concretize whether there was any relation of autologous serum skin test (ASST) and autologous plasma skin test (APST) results with sex, age and urticarial activity score (UAS) in patients with CU.

Fifty patients with CU and twenty healthy subjects admitted to our dermatology clinic were included in the present study. The ASST and APST were applied to all individuals.

The positiveness rates of ASST and APST were significantly higher in the patient group than controls (p = 0.027, p = 0.001, respectively). Among patients, the APST positiveness rate (72%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than ASST (46%). It was seen that 48% of patients with negative ASST results had positive APST. However, no patient with negative APST results had positive ASST. There were significant (p < 0.05) relations of the tests’ positiveness rates with sex and old age but with UAS. The diameter of the erythematous papule was remarkably (p < 0.05) larger in APST than ASST and also significantly (p < 0.05) larger in females compared to males in both tests (p < 0.05). It was positively increased with old age (p < 0.05).

We can suggest that APST is more sensitive than ASST in the assessment of autoimmunity in CU. A high positiveness rate of APST results may be attributed to high numbers of autoantibodies and coagulation factors present in plasma that might probably play a role in etiopathogenesis of CU.

• autoimmunity
• autologous plasma skin test
• autologous serum skin test
• chronic urticaria

• anti-IgE
• chronic urticaria
• clinical trial
• hives
• omalizumab

• Autologous serum test
• Chronic idiopathic urticaria
• Urticaria

• Autoantibodies/immunology
• Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
• Basophils/immunology
• Chronic Disease
• Graves Disease/complications
• Graves Disease/immunology
• Humans
• Immunoglobulin E/immunology
• Mast Cells/immunology
• Urticaria/etiology
• Urticaria/immunology

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disorder with etiology that is not well understood.

In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of autologous serum skin test (ASST) and skin prick testing (SPT) to house dust mite (HDM) in 862 CSU cases in China. Clinical features, courses and treatment responses were also recorded.

The prevalence of positive ASST was 46.3%, and patients aged 30–39 years had the highest positive rate (52.1%). Positive SPT to HDM was seen in 153 patients (17.7%) with the highest positive rate (34.2%) in patients aged 20 or less. Patients with positive ASST had higher urticaria activity scores (UAS) (4.18±0.65 vs. 3.67±0.53) but lower positive rates of HDM (24.6% vs. 37.6%), as compared with those with negative ASST (odds ratio (OR) 1.84, 95% CI 1.38–2.47). Patients could be categorized into four groups based on the results of ASST and SPT to HDM and patients with positive ASST and positive SPT to HDM had the highest disease activity scores, experienced higher frequencies of angioedema, diseases duration, and required higher dosage of loratadine every month, compared with other subgroups (P<0.0001).

Patients with CSU showed varied responses of positive ASST and varied sensitivity to HDM, Patients with positive ASST and/or positive SPT had more disease activity compared with patients with negative ASST and/or negative SPT. Further classification can be made based on the result of SPT and ASST.

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Animals
• Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
• China
• Chronic Disease
• Female
• Humans
• Loratadine/therapeutic use
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Pyroglyphidae/immunology
• Severity of Illness Index
• Skin Tests/methods
• Urticaria/diagnosis
• Urticaria/drug therapy
• Urticaria/immunology
• Urticaria/pathology

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
• Autoantibodies/physiology
• Child
• Chronic Disease
• Female
• Humans
• Immunoglobulin E/blood
• Immunoglobulin E/physiology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Thyroid Gland/immunology
• Thyroid Gland/metabolism
• Thyroid Hormones/immunology
• Urticaria/blood
• Urticaria/drug therapy
• Urticaria/immunology
• Young Adult

A 46-year-old female patient with terminal ileum Crohn’s disease and ankylosing spondylitis presented with recurrent angioedema and urticaria. Investigations ruled out hereditary angioedema, and environmental or food allergen triggers. She was diagnosed with chronic idiopathic urticaria with angioedema, and was treated with a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin immunotherapy, danazol, prednisone and hydroxyzine. Due to ongoing bowel and arthritic complaints, she was started on infliximab infusions and within 2 treatments, she had complete resolution of the angioedema and urticaria, as well as of the bowel and arthritic symptoms. Unfortunately she developed allergic reactions to the infliximab and was switched to another anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α agent, adalimumab. Since then, she has had no further angioedema or urticaria, and her Crohn’s disease has been quiescent. This is the first known case report of chronic idiopathic urticaria with angioedema coexistent with Crohn’s disease that was successfully treated with anti-TNF-α agents.

• Angioedema
• Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α
• Biologics
• Crohn’s disease
• Cytokines
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Infliximab
• Urticaria

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Autoimmunity/immunology
• Child
• Graves Disease/immunology
• Hashimoto Disease/immunology
• Helicobacter Infections/complications
• Helicobacter Infections/immunology
• Humans
• Hypothyroidism/complications
• Thyroid Gland/immunology
• Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/complications
• Thyroxine/therapeutic use
• Urticaria/complications
• Urticaria/drug therapy
• Urticaria/etiology