• circadian
• disturbance
• dyspepsia
• epigastric pain
• functional
• functional dyspepsia
• indigestion
• melatonin
• post prandial fullness
• sleep

• abdominal pain
• anxiety
• depression
• disorders of gut-brain interaction
• functional dyspepsia
• irritable bowel syndrome
• sleep disturbances

• Humans
• Child
• Male
• Female
• Abdominal Pain/psychology
• Abdominal Pain/etiology
• Adolescent
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Retrospective Studies
• Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology
• Sleep Wake Disorders/psychology
• Anxiety/epidemiology
• Anxiety/psychology
• Brain-Gut Axis/physiology
• Depression/epidemiology
• Child, Preschool

• National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
• bowel health
• chronic diarrhea
• circadian syndrome
• sleep

• low-dose aspirin
• prevention of peptic ulcer
• prospective study
• rabeprazole

• Humans
• Rabeprazole/therapeutic use
• Prospective Studies
• Peptic Ulcer/drug therapy
• Ulcer/drug therapy
• Anti-Ulcer Agents/adverse effects
• Aspirin/adverse effects

• Digestive symptoms
• Functional dyspepsia
• Sleep disturbance
• Sleep duration
• Young

• Abdominal Pain
• Adolescent
• Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/complications
• Dyspepsia/epidemiology
• Gastritis/complications
• Humans
• Japan/epidemiology
• Postprandial Period
• Prevalence
• Sleep
• Sleep Wake Disorders/complications
• Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology
• Syndrome

Sleep disturbances are common in patients with functional dyspepsia. Our aim was to assess the relationship between subjective sleep and quality of life and to identify factors associated with impaired sleep in functional dyspepsia.

One thousand two hundred and twenty patients referred for functional gastrointestinal disorders at a single tertiary care center between end 2017 and June 2019 were studied using a self-administered questionnaire. 355 patients with Rome IV-based functional dyspepsia were identified. Sleep was assessed using both the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The severity of dyspeptic symptoms was assessed using the Total Symptom Score (TSS). Quality of life was assessed by the GastroIntestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI). Anxiety and depression levels were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale.

Among the 355 patients with functional dyspepsia, 66 (18.6%) patients displayed normal sleep quality whereas 289 (81.4%) patients had altered sleep quality. Functional dyspepsia patients with sleep disturbances were older (48.1 ± 15.4 vs. 41.4 ± 16.0, p = 0.0009), had decreased quality of life (GIQLI: 75.3 ± 18.5 vs. 92.1 ± 15.4, p < 0.0001), greater severity of their symptoms (TSS: 18.9 ± 3.6 vs. 17.2 ± 3.9, p = 0.0007), and higher anxiety and depression scores (HADS: 17.7 ± 7.2 vs. 11.9 ± 5.1, p < 0.0001). A correlation was found between sleep quality and quality of life [r = −0.43 (95% CI: −0.51 to −0.34), p < 0.0001]. Independent factors predicting poor sleep quality were age [OR 1.03 (95% CI = 1.01–1.05), p = 0.006], depression level [OR 1.27 (95% CI = 1.16–1.39); p < 0.0001], and the severity of dyspeptic symptoms [OR 1.13 (95% CI = 1.04–1.22); p = 0.004].

A high prevalence of sleep disturbances was found in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia, with 81% of them having altered sleep quality and 61% having insomnia based on subjective assessment. Altered sleep quality and insomnia were associated with altered quality of life, higher severity of symptoms, and higher anxiety and depression scores in this disorder.

• IBS – irritable bowel syndrome
• constipation
• diarrhea
• digital therapeutics
• functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs)
• multi-omic models
• non-pharmacological treatment

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Hormonal disorders observed in OSA may be relevant in the development of GERD. The aim of the study was to assess the correlations between ghrelin, obestatin, leptin, and the intensity of GERD in patients with OSA. The study included 58 patients hospitalized due to clinical suspicion of sleep disorders during sleep. All patients underwent a sleep study, and blood samples were collected overnight for hormonal tests. Survey data concerning symptoms of GERD, gastroscopy, and esophageal pH monitoring results were included in the study. In patients with OSA, GERD was twice as common when compared to the group without OSA. Among subjects with severe sleep apnea (AHI > 30; n = 31; 53%), we observed lower ghrelin levels, especially in the second half of the night and in the morning (p_5.00 = 0.0207; p_7.00 = 0.0344); the presence of OSA had no effect on obestatin and leptin levels. No significant differences in hormonal levels were observed between the groups depending on the diagnosis of GERD. However, correlations of ghrelin levels with the severity of esophagitis, leptin and ghrelin levels with the severity of GERD symptoms, and leptin levels with lower esophageal pH were found. GERD is more frequent among patients with OSA. In both GERD and OSA, deviations were observed in the levels of ghrelin and leptin. However, our analysis demonstrates that the relationship between OSA and GERD does not result from these disorders.

• gastroesophageal reflux
• ghrelin
• leptin
• obestatin
• sleep apnea

Increased prevalence of sleep disorders has been found in patients with functional dyspepsia; however, direction of causality remains unclear. Our aim was to compare the risk of incident functional dyspepsia between patients with and without sleep disturbance from a large population-based sample. Utilizing a nation-wide health insurance administrative dataset, we assembled an 11-year historic cohort study to compare subsequent incidence of diagnosed functional dyspepsia between adult patients with any diagnosis of sleep disturbance and age- and gender-matched controls. Hazard ratios adjusted for other relevant comorbidities and medications were calculated using Cox regression models. 45,310 patients with sleep disorder and 90,620 controls were compared. Patients with sleep apnea had a 3.3-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.82 ~ 3.89) increased hazard of functional dyspepsia compared with controls. This increased risk persisted regardless of previously diagnosed depression coexisted. Sleep disturbance was associated with an increased risk of subsequent functional dyspepsia. Potential mechanisms are discussed.

• Functional dyspepsia
• gastrointestinal symptoms
• sleep impairment

• Adult
• Dyspepsia/complications
• Dyspepsia/diagnosis
• Dyspepsia/epidemiology
• Humans
• Prospective Studies
• Sleep
• Sleep Wake Disorders
• Surveys and Questionnaires

• Guangzhou key medical discipline construction project

• Acupuncture
• Gastrointestinal symptoms
• Insomnia
• Intestinal microbiome
• Randomized controlled trial
• Study protocol

• Adult
• Aged
• Female
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Young Adult
• Acupuncture Therapy
• Bacteria/classification
• Bacteria/genetics
• Bacteria/isolation & purification
• Clinical Protocols
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Sleep
• Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/microbiology
• Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/physiopathology
• Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy
• Spleen/physiopathology
• Stomach/microbiology
• Stomach/physiopathology
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

• Circadian rhythms
• Digestive cancers
• Gastrointestinal diseases
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Irritable bowel syndrome

• Circadian Clocks/physiology
• Circadian Rhythm/physiology
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/physiopathology
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control
• Gastrointestinal Tract/physiopathology
• Healthy Lifestyle/physiology
• Humans

• Functional gastrointestinal disorder
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Sleep

Sleep impairment is a common complaint among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sleep impairment in FD or IBS patients, and to determine whether IBS-FD overlap induced more sleep disturbance than FD or IBS alone.

A population-based cohort in South Korea including 2251 subjects was asked about gastrointestinal symptoms including IBS and dyspepsia-related symptoms. In addition, sleep disturbance was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires. One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used to assess differences among the 4 groups (healthy subjects, IBS alone, FD alone, and IBS-FD overlap).

Of 2251 subjects who were surveyed by questionnaire, 2031 responded (92.5% response rate) and were analyzed. The prevalence of IBS, FD, and IBS-FD overlap was 8.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8–9.2%), 4.8% (95% CI, 3.9–5.8%), and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.2–2.4%), respectively. FD alone, but not IBS alone, was significantly associated with a poorer sleep quality index (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.43–5.01) and more daytime sleepiness (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.14–4.30), compared to healthy subjects. IBS-FD overlap had the greatest likelihood of a poorer sleep quality index (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.83–8.19), daytime sleepiness (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.01–5.67), and insomnia (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.39–5.82), compared to healthy subjects.

A correlation between functional gastrointestinal disorders and sleep disturbance was demonstrated, which was significantly pronounced in the context of IBS-FD overlap.

• Functional gastrointestinal disorder
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Sleep

Several studies have demonstrated that sleep problems are associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs): irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, etc, but the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and FGIDs has not been systematically studied in the general population. This study aims to explore the relationship between EDS and specific types of FGIDs and the effect of the number of FGIDs on EDS.

A sample of 3600 individuals (aged 18–80 years) was selected from 5 regions in China using a randomized, stratified, multi-stage sampling method. EDS was measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, while gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other FGIDs were assessed by Reflux Disease Questionnaire and the Rome II diagnostic criteria, respectively.

The survey was completed by 2906 individuals (response rate: 80.72%), and 644 individuals (22.16%) had EDS. EDS was significantly associated with ulcer-like dyspepsia (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.08–5.79), diarrhea-predominant IBS (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.09–3.66), alternating IBS (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.30–4.13), functional constipation (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.20–2.35), and GERD (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.08–2.72). Risk of EDS increased along with the increasing numbers of FGIDs: with 1 FGID (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.37–2.15); with 2 FGIDs (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.63–3.62); and with 3 or more FGIDs (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.37–7.78).

FGIDs, such as ulcer-like dyspepsia, diarrhea-predominant IBS, alternating IBS, functional constipation, and GERD, were significantly associated with EDS. Those who suffered from more kinds of FGIDs were more susceptible to EDS.

• Epidemiology
• Excessive somnolence disorders
• Functional gastrointestinal disorders

• irritable bowel syndrome
• polysomnography
• sleep disturbances
• sleep misperception