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Dos Santos RRG, Forte GC, Mundstock E, Amaral MA, da Silveira CG, Amantéa FC, Variani JF, Booij L, Mattiello R. Body composition parameters can better predict body size dissatisfaction than body mass index in children and adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1197-1203. [PMID: 31338791 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies suggest that body mass index is not a reliable enough measurement for body composition in individuals, particularly in older and younger people. However, most research on body image has used the body mass index (BMI) as a physiological predictor of body satisfaction, particularly in children. The aim of this study was to investigate whether body composition is a better predictor of body size dissatisfaction in children than BMI. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Healthy children and adolescents aged 5-19 years, sex male and female, were recruited using a convenience sample in Brazil. BMI was measured according to the international standardization method and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with a portable device model (BIA InBodyS10 multi-frequency, USA). Body size dissatisfaction was assessed using the Kakeshita's Figure Rating Scale for Brazilian Children. Data were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 547 participants were evaluated, including 54% females and 67% Caucasian, with a mean age of 11.4 ± 3.8 years. The mean BMI was 20.5 ± 4.6 kg/m2, and the mean percentages of fat and lean mass were 23.01 ± 10.59% and 72.84 ± 10.03%, respectively. In the multivariable model, only body composition was significantly associated with body size dissatisfaction (odds ratio: 1.849 (1.085-3.149, p = 0.024) and 1.828 (1.043-3.202, p = 0.035), respectively). CONCLUSIONS Body composition measures can better predict body size dissatisfaction in children and adolescents than BMI. This result may be relevant for the design of future studies on physiological indicators and body satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Rosaria Grecco Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Pediatria e Saúde da Criança, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Carra Forte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Pediatria e Saúde da Criança, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mundstock
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Pediatria e Saúde da Criança, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Secretaria de Educação Esporte e Lazer, Programa Esporte e Saúde em Canela(PESC), Prefeitura de Canela, Brazil
| | - Marina Azambuja Amaral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul e Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis-UniRitter, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gomes da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Pediatria e Saúde da Criança, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Chaves Amantéa
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia Frota Variani
- Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University & CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rita Mattiello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Pediatria e Saúde da Criança, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul e Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6690, second floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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Abenavoli L, Di Renzo L, Boccuto L, Alwardat N, Gratteri S, De Lorenzo A. Health benefits of Mediterranean diet in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:873-881. [PMID: 30033779 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1503947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. Insulin resistance and obesity-related inflammatory status, associated with genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors, are involved in its pathogenesis. There is no consensus concerning the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD. However, the international guidelines agree to define a dietetic nutritional management to achieve weight loss, as an essential component of any therapeutic strategy. Areas covered: An overview on the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Expert commentary: On the basis of its components, the literature reports the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet in preventing major chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some forms of cancers. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has supported the idea that the Mediterranean diet, associated with physical activity and cognitive behavior therapy, may be the reference nutritional profile for the prevention and the treatment of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- a Department of Health Sciences , University Magna Graecia , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- b Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- c Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood , Clemson University School of Health Research , Clemson , SC , USA
| | - Nuha Alwardat
- b Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- d Department of Surgery and Medical Science , University Magna Graecia , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- b Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
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Xie X, Yan D, Li H, Zhu Q, Li J, Fang YP, Cheung CW, Irwin MG, Xia Z, Lian Q. Enhancement of Adiponectin Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Inhibition of FoxO1 in Type I Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:6254340. [PMID: 30186875 PMCID: PMC6116459 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6254340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease which has been previously shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent research has indicated that type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is also involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and adiponectin (APN) have been proposed to play an important role in the processes in NAFLD in T1DM. We herein investigated the effects of FoxO1 and APN on the development of NAFLD and the underlying mechanism in streptozotocin-induced T1DM. Serum liver enzymes AST, ALT, and triglyceride (TG) were determined by commercially available kits. Blood glucose levels were measured by the OneTouch Ultra glucose meter. Relevant protein expression was tested by Western blot analysis. Results showed that serum AST, ALT, and TG were all significantly increased in T1DM rats, which was ameliorated by application of APN or selective inhibition of FoxO1 with AS1842856. Moreover, APN and AS1842856 both decreased the expression of liver nuclear FoxO1 which was significantly increased in diabetic rats. However, the inhibition of FoxO1 did not alter the expression of APN and its receptors. We also found that Akt1 expression was significantly declined in diabetic rat which was restored by APN and moderately and significantly increased by FoxO1 inhibition. It is concluded that APN ameliorates NAFLD via inhibition of FoxO1 through Akt1/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong-ping Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael G. Irwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ai L, Wang X, Chen Z, Lin Q, Su D, Xu Q, Wu C, Jiang X, Xu A, Fan Z. A20 reduces lipid storage and inflammation in hypertrophic adipocytes via p38 and Akt signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 420:73-83. [PMID: 27443844 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a vital role in the development of obesity and related disorders. Our previous study showed that A20, an ubiquitin-editing enzyme with anti-inflammation function, attenuated free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Here, we investigated A20 expression in adipose tissue of obese individuals and its effects on 3T3-L1 lipogenesis as well as the likely mechanisms underlying this process. By re-annotation of raw microarray data downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, we found that obese individuals showed significantly higher A20 mRNA levels in adipocytes. In vitro, A20 inhibited MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion in adipocytes. Forced expression of A20 resulted in decreased expression of key markers of lipogenesis and adipogenesis, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and adipogenesis (aP2), leading to less lipids accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. This process was concomitant with attenuated activation of p38 and Akt signaling. Our results suggest that A20 may have therapeutic potential for obesity and related diseases. The mechanisms involved the suppression of lipid storage and inflammation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyan Ai
- Department of Health Manage Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Health Manage Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Health Manage Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Health Manage Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhi Su
- Department of Health Manage Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Health Manage Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwei Wu
- Department of Health Manage Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoke Jiang
- Department of Health Manage Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antao Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuping Fan
- Department of Health Manage Center, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China.
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Abenavoli L, Milic N, Di Renzo L, Preveden T, Medić-Stojanoska M, De Lorenzo A. Metabolic aspects of adult patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7006-7016. [PMID: 27610012 PMCID: PMC4988304 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and it encompasses a spectrum from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, or cirrhosis. The mechanisms involved in the occurrence of NAFLD and its progression are probably due to a metabolic profile expressed within the context of a genetic predisposition and is associated with a higher energy intake. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic alterations associated with an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. NAFLD patients have more than one feature of the MS, and now they are considered the hepatic components of the MS. Several scientific advances in understanding the association between NAFLD and MS have identified insulin resistance (IR) as the key aspect in the pathophysiology of both diseases. In the multi parallel hits theory of NAFLD pathogenesis, IR was described to be central in the predisposition of hepatocytes to be susceptible to other multiple pathogenetic factors. The recent knowledge gained from these advances can be applied clinically in the prevention and management of NAFLD and its associated metabolic changes. The present review analyses the current literature and highlights the new evidence on the metabolic aspects in the adult patients with NAFLD.
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Du SX, Lu LL, Liu Y, Dong QJ, Xuan SY, Xin YN. Association of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms With the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Han Population. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e37388. [PMID: 27642347 PMCID: PMC5018350 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.37388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular events are an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Several recent studies demonstrated that adiponectin (Ad) polymorphisms were involved in the progression of NAFLD and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, reports on the association between Ad polymorphisms and the risk of developing CAD in NAFLD patients are lacking in a Northern Han Chinese population. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to evaluate the association between Ad gene polymorphisms (rs266729 and rs2241766) and the risk of developing CAD in Northern Han Chinese patients with NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Adrs266729 and rs2241766 gene polymorphisms were genotyped in B-type ultrasonography-proven NAFLD patients, with (n = 246) or without (n = 247) CAD and in healthy controls (n = 304). Serum lipid profiles were determined using biochemical methods. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. RESULTS There were significant differences in the Adrs266729 G allele between the NAFLD patients with and without CAD (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the Adrs2241766 G allele of the NAFLD patients compared with that of the controls (P < 0.05). In the NAFLD CAD population, carriers of the G allele of Adrs266729 had higher serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and a lower Ad level than their noncarrier counterparts (P = 0.031, P = 0.034, P = 0.007, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). NAFLD patients without CAD had higher TG and serum FPG values and a lower Ad level than their noncarrier counterparts (P = 0.014, P = 0.038, and P < 0.001, respectively). In the NAFLD patients with/without CAD, the carriers of the G allele of Adrs2241766 had higher TG levels (P = 0.039 and P = 0.042, respectively) than those of their noncarrier counterparts. CONCLUSIONS In this Northern Chinese Han population, the Adrs266729 and rs2241766 G alleles were closely associated with the occurrence of NAFLD. However, only NAFLD patients who carried the Adrs266729 G allele had an increased risk of developing CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Xian Du
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin-Lin Lu
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Quan-Jiang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi-Ying Xuan
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Corresponding Authors: Yong-Ning Xin, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. Tel: 86-53282789463, Fax: 86-53285968434, E-mail: ; Shi-Ying Xuan, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. Tel: +86-53288905508, Fax: +86-53288905293, E-mail:
| | - Yong-Ning Xin
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Corresponding Authors: Yong-Ning Xin, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. Tel: 86-53282789463, Fax: 86-53285968434, E-mail: ; Shi-Ying Xuan, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. Tel: +86-53288905508, Fax: +86-53288905293, E-mail:
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Apigenin Ameliorates Dyslipidemia, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance by Modulating Metabolic and Transcriptional Profiles in the Liver of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050305. [PMID: 27213439 PMCID: PMC4882717 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of the flavonoid apigenin. However, the long-term supplementary effects of low-dose apigenin on obesity are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of apigenin against obesity and related metabolic disturbances by exploring the metabolic and transcriptional responses in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD or apigenin (0.005%, w/w)-supplemented HFD for 16 weeks. In HFD-fed mice, apigenin lowered plasma levels of free fatty acid, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and hepatic dysfunction markers and ameliorated hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly, without altering food intake and adiposity. These effects were partly attributed to upregulated expression of genes regulating fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain and cholesterol homeostasis, downregulated expression of lipolytic and lipogenic genes and decreased activities of enzymes responsible for triglyceride and cholesterol ester synthesis in the liver. Moreover, apigenin lowered plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and fasting blood glucose. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of apigenin appeared to be related to decreased insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes activities. Thus, apigenin can ameliorate HFD-induced comorbidities via metabolic and transcriptional modulations in the liver.
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Abenavoli L, Di Renzo L, De Lorenzo A. Body Composition and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Lifestyle Med 2016; 6:47-8. [PMID: 27358840 PMCID: PMC4915767 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2016.6.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133, Rome, Italy
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