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Falade EO, Kouamé KJEP, Zhu Y, Zheng Y, Ye X. A review: Examining the effects of modern extraction techniques on functional and structural properties of cellulose and hemicellulose in Brewer's Spent Grain dietary fiber. Carbohydr Polym 2025; 348:122883. [PMID: 39562135 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
Brewer's Spent Grain (BSG) is a by-product of the brewing industry, rich in dietary fibers that offer various health benefits. This review delves into the molecular and structural transformations of BSG and dietary fibers (arabinoxylan, beta-glucan, cellulose etc.) extracted from BSG, triggered by recent advancements in extraction technologies. Through an analysis of current methodologies, such as advanced solubilization methods and emerging technologies like ultrasonication, this paper discusses their significant improvement in yield of BSG-dietary fiber and impact on the structural and functional properties of BSG-dietary fibers (BSG-DF). The review highlights how these technologies enhance fiber solubilization and modify physicochemical properties, thereby improving their functionality in food applications. Furthermore, the review aims to bridge gaps in current research and suggest future directions for optimizing extraction processes to better exploit these fibers in the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Ola Falade
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University-Zhongyuan Institue, Zhengzhou 45001, Henan, China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O. Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kouadio Jean Eric-Parfait Kouamé
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University-Zhongyuan Institue, Zhengzhou 45001, Henan, China
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University-Zhongyuan Institue, Zhengzhou 45001, Henan, China
| | - Yunyun Zheng
- Zhejiang University-Zhongyuan Institue, Zhengzhou 45001, Henan, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University-Zhongyuan Institue, Zhengzhou 45001, Henan, China.
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Cai Z, Wang Y, Qin X, Huang D, Cao N, Li J. Determination and prediction of the energy content and amino acid digestibility of brewer's spent grain for growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2025; 103:skaf070. [PMID: 40052527 PMCID: PMC12019967 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaf070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the energy content and amino acid (AA) digestibility of 10 brewer's spent grain (BSG) for growing pigs, with the goal of developing predictive models for these digestible nutrients based on their chemical composition. In Exp. 1, 66 crossbred barrows (initial body weight (BW): 35.5 ± 4.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 11 diets, including a corn basal diet and 10 test diets in which 20% of the corn was replaced with BSG. A different method was employed to calculate the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of BSG. In Exp. 2, 11 crossbred barrows (initial BW: 32.3 ± 3.8 kg) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas in the distal ileum and randomly assigned to an 11 × 6 incomplete Latin square design with 11 diets and 6 experimental periods, including a nitrogen-free diet and 10 test diets formulated with BSG as the sole nitrogen source, with 0.4% titanium dioxide added as an indigestible marker to calculate the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA. Results showed that there was considerable variation in the chemical composition of BSG, with all coefficients of variation exceeding 10%. On a dry matter basis, the mean DE and ME values were 2,771 and 2,610 kcal/kg, respectively. The best prediction equations for DE and ME were: DE = -1698 + (1.21 × GE) - (27.02 × NDF) (R2 = 0.99, P < 0.01), and ME = -1800 + (1.18 × GE) - (25.11 × NDF) (R2 = 0.99, P < 0.01). The mean SID values of Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, and Val were 63.1%, 73.4%, 63.8%, 77.7%, and 72.8%, respectively; both were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with gross energy, ether extract and crude protein content, and negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with fiber content. In conclusion, predictive models for DE, ME, and SID of AA can be developed based on the nutrient composition of BSG in growing pigs. However, considering the inherent variability in nutrient composition, the accuracy and applicability of these models in practical feed formulation require validation using samples from an independent data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Qin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Depeng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Huang ZH, Zhao Y, Hu ZX, Ma L, Geng SZ, Chen KY, Zhou HM. Preparation of fat replacer utilizing gluten and barley β-glucan and the interaction between them. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6288-6296. [PMID: 37178244 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat replacers prepared from polysaccharides and proteins possess functional properties of both polysaccharides and proteins. In this study, an aqueous system of barley β-glucan (BBG) and gluten was prepared. The interactions between BBG and gluten (with/without extrusion modification) were studied. Triple analysis methods, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), were utilized to analyze the freezing-thawing and thermal evaporation process, as well as the distribution state of water. Meanwhile, fluorescence microscopic analysis, dynamic rheological analysis and electrophoresis analysis were used to study the structure and rheological properties of the system. RESULTS The results showed that BBG significantly increased the water-holding capacity of gluten, regardless of extrusion treatment, with the water absorption reaching about 4.8 to 6.4 times of its weight, which was 1 to 2.5 times higher than that without BBG. The triple analysis results suggested that BBG increased the binding capacity of the system to weakly bound water, hindered the aggregation of gluten and reduced the thermal decomposition temperature of the BBG and gluten composite system. After the gluten was extruded and homogenized with the BBG solution, the appearance of the composite system was more uniform and delicate. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, BBG increased the water-holding capacity of the BBG and gluten composite system. With these changes, the composite system presented great potential for the preparation of polysaccharide-gluten fat replacer. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Xin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Zhao Geng
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Ying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
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Umego EC, Barry-Ryan C. Review of the valorization initiatives of brewing and distilling by-products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8231-8247. [PMID: 37039081 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2198012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Beer and spirits are two of the most consumed alcoholic beverages in the world, and their production generates enormous amounts of by-product materials. This ranges from spent grain, spent yeast, spent kieselguhr, trub, carbon dioxide, pot ale, and distilled gin spent botanicals. The present circular economy dynamics and increased awareness on resource use for enhanced sustainable production practices have driven changes and innovations in the management practices and utilization of these by-products. These include food product development, functional food applications, biotechnological applications, and bioactive compounds extraction. As a result, the brewing and distilling sector of the food and drinks industry is beginning to see a shift from conventional uses of by-products such as animal feed to more innovative applications. This review paper therefore explored some of these valorization initiatives and the current state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekene Christopher Umego
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health & Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin City Campus, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Catherine Barry-Ryan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health & Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin City Campus, Dublin 7, Ireland
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do Nascimento RDP, da Rocha Alves M, Noguera NH, Lima DC, Marostica Junior MR. Cereal grains and vegetables. NATURAL PLANT PRODUCTS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES 2023:103-172. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99111-7.00014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Madella AM, Van Bergenhenegouwen J, Garssen J, Masereeuw R, Overbeek SA. Microbial-Derived Tryptophan Catabolites, Kidney Disease and Gut Inflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090645. [PMID: 36136583 PMCID: PMC9505404 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic metabolites, molecules either produced by the host or from the microbiota population existing in the gastrointestinal tract that gets excreted by the kidneys into urine, have significant effects on both health and disease. Tryptophan-derived catabolites are an important group of bacteria-produced metabolites with an extensive contribution to intestinal health and, eventually, chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The end-metabolite, indoxyl sulfate, is a key contributor to the exacerbation of CKD via the induction of an inflammatory state and oxidative stress affecting various organ systems. Contrastingly, other tryptophan catabolites positively contribute to maintaining intestinal homeostasis and preventing intestinal inflammation—activities signaled through nuclear receptors in particular—the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). This review discusses the origins of these catabolites, their effect on organ systems, and how these can be manipulated therapeutically in the future as a strategy to treat CKD progression and gut inflammation management. Furthermore, the use of biotics (prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics) as a means to increase the presence of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to achieve intestinal homeostasis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avra Melina Madella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); or (S.A.O.); Tel.: +31-30-209-5000 (S.A.O.)
| | - Jeroen Van Bergenhenegouwen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht Science Park, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht Science Park, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Adriana Overbeek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht Science Park, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); or (S.A.O.); Tel.: +31-30-209-5000 (S.A.O.)
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De Musis C, Granata L, Dallio M, Miranda A, Gravina AG, Romano M. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2951-2961. [PMID: 32310042 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200420144128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic multifactorial diseases characterized by partially unclear pathogenic mechanisms including changes in intestinal microbiota. Despite the microbiota, alteration is well established in IBD patients, as reported by 16RNA sequencing analysis, an important goal is to define if it is just a consequence of the disease progression or a trigger factor of the disease itself. To date, gut microbiota composition and gut microbiota-related metabolites seem to affect the host healthy state both by modulating metabolic pathways or acting on the expression of different genes through epigenetic effects. Because of this, it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota might represent a promising therapeutic target for IBD patients. The aim of this review is to summarize both the most recent acquisitions in the field of gut microbiota and its involvement in intestinal inflammation together with the available strategies for the modulation of microbiota, such as prebiotics and/or probiotics administration or fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana De Musis
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Granata
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Miranda
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta G Gravina
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Romano
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'' and University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Yu D, Sun Y, Wang W, O’Keefe SF, Neilson AP, Feng H, Wang Z, Huang H. Recovery of protein hydrolysates from brewer’s spent grain using enzyme and ultrasonication. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061USA
| | - Yewei Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana IL 61801USA
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058China
| | - Sean F. O’Keefe
- Department of Food Science and Technology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061USA
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana IL 61801USA
| | - Zhiwu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061USA
| | - Haibo Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061USA
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Khan I, Ullah N, Zha L, Bai Y, Khan A, Zhao T, Che T, Zhang C. Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Cause or Consequence? IBD Treatment Targeting the Gut Microbiome. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030126. [PMID: 31412603 PMCID: PMC6789542 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic complex inflammatory gut pathological condition, examples of which include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which is associated with significant morbidity. Although the etiology of IBD is unknown, gut microbiota alteration (dysbiosis) is considered a novel factor involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. The gut microbiota acts as a metabolic organ and contributes to human health by performing various physiological functions; deviation in the gut flora composition is involved in various disease pathologies, including IBD. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of gut microbiota alteration in IBD and how this contributes to intestinal inflammation, as well as explore the potential role of gut microbiota-based treatment approaches for the prevention and treatment of IBD. The current literature has clearly demonstrated a perturbation of the gut microbiota in IBD patients and mice colitis models, but a clear causal link of cause and effect has not yet been presented. In addition, gut microbiota-based therapeutic approaches have also shown good evidence of their effects in the amelioration of colitis in animal models (mice) and IBD patients, which indicates that gut flora might be a new promising therapeutic target for the treatment of IBD. However, insufficient data and confusing results from previous studies have led to a failure to define a core microbiome associated with IBD and the hidden mechanism of pathogenesis, which suggests that well-designed randomized control trials and mouse models are required for further research. In addition, a better understanding of this ecosystem will also determine the role of prebiotics and probiotics as therapeutic agents in the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Naeem Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lajia Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ashiq Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ibbett R, White R, Tucker G, Foster T. Hydro-mechanical processing of brewer's spent grain as a novel route for separation of protein products with differentiated techno-functional properties. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Aggregation and microstructure of cereal β-glucan and its association with other biomolecules. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Kanauchi O, Mitsuyama K, Araki Y. Development of a Functional Germinated Barley Foodstuff from Brewer's Spent Grain for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-59-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kanauchi
- Applied Bioresearch CTR, Corporated R&D DIV, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd. 3-Miyahara, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-1295, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mitsuyama
- Second Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830, Japan
| | - Yoshio Araki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, STsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-21, Japan
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Aprodu I, Simion AB, Banu I. Valorisation of the Brewers’ Spent Grain Through Sourdough Bread Making. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2017-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of brewers’ spent grain addition on the thermo-mechanical properties of white and wholemeal wheat flour was investigated. The possibility to improve bread quality and antioxidant properties by using the sourdough fermentation was also considered. Increasing the level of brewers’ spent grain caused the increase of water absorption from 58.1 to 65.2% and from 63.8 to 73.6% in case of white and wholemeal flour, respectively. Similarly, the dough development time increased from 1.27 to 6.18 min, and from 3.37 to 5.42 min. Starch gelatinization significantly increased (p<0.05), while the stability of starch gel, starch retrogradation, and cooking setback significantly decreased (p<0.05) with the level of brewers’ spent grain. The specific volume of the wheat bread significantly decreased (p<0.05) and crumb hardness increased (p<0.05) by incorporation of brewers’ spent grain. Sourdough addition improved bread characteristics and the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the bread with brewers’ spent grain.
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Ikram S, Huang L, Zhang H, Wang J, Yin M. Composition and Nutrient Value Proposition of Brewers Spent Grain. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2232-2242. [PMID: 28833108 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG), a major brewing industry byproduct, is generated in large quantities annually. This review summarizes research into the composition and preservation of BSG, different extraction techniques for BSG proteins and phenolic acids, and the bioactivities of these phenolic components. Moreover, this article also highlights BSG integration into foodstuff for human consumption and animal feed supplements. BSG is considered a rich source of fiber, protein, and phenolic compounds. The phenolic acids present in BSG are hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids), which have many biofunctions, such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. Previously, attempts have been made to integrate BSG into human food, such as ready-to-eat snacks, cookies and bread, to increase fiber and protein contents. The addition of BSG to animal feed leads to increased milk yields, higher fat contents in milk, and is a good source of essential amino acids. Therefore, many studies have concluded that integrating the biofunctional compounds in BSG into human food and animal feed has various health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ikram
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
| | - LianYan Huang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng Yin
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China
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15
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Currò D, Ianiro G, Pecere S, Bibbò S, Cammarota G. Probiotics, fibre and herbal medicinal products for functional and inflammatory bowel disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1426-1449. [PMID: 27696378 PMCID: PMC5429330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional bowel disorders (FBD), mainly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional constipation (FC, also called chronic idiopathic constipation), are very common worldwide. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, although less common, has a strong impact on patients' quality of life, as well as being highly expensive for our healthcare. A definite cure for those disorders is still yet to come. Over the years, several therapeutic approaches complementary or alternative to traditional pharmacological treatments, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fibre and herbal medicinal products, have been investigated for the management of both groups of diseases. However, most available studies are biased by several drawbacks, including small samples and poor methodological quality. Probiotics, in particular Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacilli (among which Lactobacillus rhamnosus), synbiotics, psyllium, and some herbal medicinal products, primarily peppermint oil, seem to be effective in ameliorating IBS symptoms. Synbiotics and fibre seem to be beneficial in FC patients. The probiotic combination VSL#3 may be effective in inducing remission in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis, in whom Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 seems to be as effective as mesalamine in maintaining remission. No definite conclusions can be drawn as to the efficacy of fibre and herbal medicinal products in IBD patients due to the low number of studies and the lack of randomized controlled trials that replicate the results obtained in the individual studies conducted so far. Thus, further, well-designed studies are needed to address the real role of these therapeutic options in the management of both FBD and IBD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Currò
- Institute of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
| | - Silvia Pecere
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of SassariV.le S. Pietro, 807100SassariItaly
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
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Non-prolamin fraction from brewer’s spent grain: a novel plant-based emulsifier. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wong C, Harris PJ, Ferguson LR. Potential Benefits of Dietary Fibre Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E919. [PMID: 27314323 PMCID: PMC4926452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to be an important cause of disease progression and the gastrointestinal symptoms experienced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammation appears to be a major contributor in perpetuating a dysregulated gut microbiota. Although current drug therapies can significantly induce and maintain disease remission, there is no cure for these diseases. Nevertheless, ongoing human studies investigating dietary fibre interventions may potentially prove to exert beneficial outcomes for IBD. Postulated mechanisms include direct interactions with the gut mucosa through immunomodulation, or indirectly through the microbiome. Component species of the microbiome may degrade dietary-fibre polysaccharides and ferment the products to form short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Prebiotic dietary fibres may also act more directly by altering the composition of the microbiome. Longer term benefits in reducing the risk of more aggressive disease or colorectal cancer may require other dietary fibre sources such as wheat bran or psyllium. By critically examining clinical trials that have used dietary fibre supplements or dietary patterns containing specific types or amounts of dietary fibres, it may be possible to assess whether varying the intake of specific dietary fibres may offer an efficient treatment for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine Wong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Philip J Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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18
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Aw W, Fukuda S. An Integrated Outlook on the Metagenome and Metabolome of Intestinal Diseases. Diseases 2015; 3:341-359. [PMID: 28943629 PMCID: PMC5548254 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, metagenomics and metabolomics are the two most rapidly advancing “omics” technologies. Metagenomics seeks to characterize the composition of microbial communities, their operations, and their dynamically co-evolving relationships with the habitats they occupy, whereas metabolomics studies unique chemical endpoints (metabolites) that specific cellular processes leave behind. Remarkable progress in DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies has enabled the comprehensive collection of information on the gut microbiome and its metabolome in order to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on host physiology on a whole-systems level. Our gut microbiota, which consists of prokaryotic cells together with its metabolites, creates a unique gut ecosystem together with the host eukaryotic cells. In this review, we will highlight the detailed relationships between gut microbiota and its metabolites on host health and the pathogenesis of various intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Therapeutic interventions such as probiotic and prebiotic administrations and fecal microbiota transplantations will also be discussed. We would like to promote this unique biology-wide approach of incorporating metagenome and metabolome information as we believe that this can help us understand the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolism to a greater extent. This novel integration of microbiome, metatranscriptome, and metabolome information will help us have an improved holistic understanding of the complex mammalian superorganism, thereby allowing us to gain new and unprecedented insights to providing exciting novel therapeutic approaches for optimal intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Aw
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Zhong Y, Nyman M, Fåk F. Modulation of gut microbiota in rats fed high-fat diets by processing whole-grain barley to barley malt. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2066-76. [PMID: 26184884 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The gut microbiota is linked with human health, and by manipulating its composition, health conditions might be improved. The aim of this study was to investigate whether two barley products, whole-grain barley and barley malt, caused differentiation of the cecal microbiota in rats fed high-fat diets and whether there were correlations with the short-chain fatty acids formed. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats were given barley or malt (7-8 dietary fiber/100 g) for 4 weeks. Cellulose was used as a control, and the cecal microbiota was analyzed with next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA. The barley group had higher abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria and lower abundances of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres than the control group; the alpha diversity was also lower. At the genus level, the barley group had higher abundances of Akkermansia, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Bilophila. Turicibacter and Roseburia were more abundant in the malt group, and Parabacteroides, Dorea and rc4-4 were enriched in the control group. Most genera correlated with acetic and propionic acids, but Roseburia and Turicibacter instead correlated with butyric acid. Succinic acid correlated with Clostridium and Akkermansia. CONCLUSION Bioprocessing is a potential method to modulate the gut microbiota for enhanced effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhong
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Fåk
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Brewer’s spent grain: source of value-added polysaccharides for the food industry in reference to the health claims. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Cianci R, Bibbò S, Gasbarrini A, Currò D. The involvement of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: potential for therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 149:191-212. [PMID: 25561343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past recent years, a great number of studies have been directed toward the evaluation of the human host-gut microbiota interaction, with the goal to progress the understanding of the etiology of several complex diseases. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota associated with inflammatory bowel disease are well supported by literature data and have been widely accepted by the research community. The concomitant implementation of high-throughput sequencing techniques to analyze and characterize the composition of the intestinal microbiota has reinforced the view that inflammatory bowel disease results from altered interactions between gut microbes and the mucosal immune system and has raised the possibility that some form of modulation of the intestinal microbiota may constitute a potential therapeutic basis for the disease. The aim of this review is to describe the changes of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease, focusing the attention on its involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease, and to review and discuss the therapeutic potential to modify the intestinal microbial population with antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Currò
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University, School of Medicine and Surgery, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Zhong Y, Teixeira C, Marungruang N, Sae-Lim W, Tareke E, Andersson R, Fåk F, Nyman M. Barley malt increases hindgut and portal butyric acid, modulates gene expression of gut tight junction proteins and Toll-like receptors in rats fed high-fat diets, but high advanced glycation end-products partially attenuate the effects. Food Funct 2015; 6:3165-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Barley malt has been shown to give high levels of butyric acid in the cecum and serum of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhong
- Food for Health Science Center
- Kemicentrum
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Cristina Teixeira
- Food for Health Science Center
- Kemicentrum
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Nittaya Marungruang
- Food for Health Science Center
- Kemicentrum
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Watina Sae-Lim
- Food for Health Science Center
- Kemicentrum
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Eden Tareke
- Food for Health Science Center
- Kemicentrum
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Food Science
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Frida Fåk
- Food for Health Science Center
- Kemicentrum
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Center
- Kemicentrum
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
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Connolly A, Piggott CO, FitzGerald RJ. Technofunctional properties of a brewers' spent grain protein-enriched isolate and its associated enzymatic hydrolysates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhong Y, Nyman M. Prebiotic and synbiotic effects on rats fed malted barley with selected bacteria strains. Food Nutr Res 2014; 58:24848. [PMID: 25317120 PMCID: PMC4189009 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v58.24848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyric acid, one of the key products formed when β-glucans are degraded by the microbiota in the colon, has been proposed to be important for colonic health. Glutamine bound to the fibre may have similar effects once it has been liberated from the fibre in the colon. Both β-glucans and glutamine are found in high amounts in malted barley. Lactobacillus rhamnosus together with malt has been shown to increase the formation of butyric acid further in rats. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus 271, Lactobacillus paracasei 87002, Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL 9 and 19, and Bifidobacterium infantis CURE 21 affect the levels of short-chain fatty acids and glutamine in caecum and portal blood of rats fed barley malt. DESIGN The experimental diets were fed for 12 days. The daily dose of the probiotic strain was 1×10(9) colony forming units and the intake of fibre 0.82 g/day. RESULTS The malt mostly contained insoluble fibre polymers (93%), consisting of glucose and xylose (38-41 g/kg) and some arabinose (21 g/kg). The fibre polysaccharides were quite resistant to fermentation in the rats, regardless of whether or not probiotics were added (25-30% were fermented). Caecal and portal levels of acetic acid decreased in the rats after the addition of L. plantarum HEAL 9 and L. rhamnosus 271, and also the levels of butyric acid. Viable counts of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae were unaffected, while the caecal composition of Lactobacilli was influenced by the type of strain administrated. Portal levels of glutamine were unchanged, but glycine levels increased with L. plantarum HEAL 9 and 19 and phenylalanine with L. rhamnosus 271. CONCLUSIONS Although the probiotic strains survived and reached the caecum, except B. infantis CURE 21, there were no effects on viable counts or in the fermentation of different fibre components, but the formation of some bacterial metabolites decreased. This may be due to the high proportion of insoluble fibres in the malt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhong
- Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Faghfoori Z, Shakerhosseini R, Navai L, Somi MH, Nikniaz Z, Abadi A. Effects of an Oral Supplementation of Germinated Barley Foodstuff on Serum CRP Level and Clinical Signs in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Health Promot Perspect 2014; 4:116-21. [PMID: 25097845 DOI: 10.5681/hpp.2014.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was aimed to determine the effect of Germinated Barley Foodstuff (GBF) administration on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and clinical signs in patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC). METHODS Forty-six patients were randomly allocated into GBF group and control group. Subjects in control group received only conventional drug therapy, while the GBF group received 30g GBF per day (3 times a day) by oral administration during 2 month along with routine medications. RESULTS The mean serum CRP in the GBF group decreased significantly (P=0.017) compared with the baseline. Although the frequency of clinical signs including the number of episodes diarrhea, degree of visible blood in stool, degree of abdominal pain or cramping, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia decreased in the GBF group but it was statistically significant only in the case of abdominal pain and cramping. However, this reduction was only significant in the case of abdominal pain and cramping (P=0.016) CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of GBF along with the current medication may be efficient in attenuating the inflammation and clinical signs of UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Faghfoori
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rahebeh Shakerhosseini
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Navai
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Abadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Connolly A, Piggott CO, FitzGerald RJ. Characterisation of protein-rich isolates and antioxidative phenolic extracts from pale and black brewers' spent grain. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Connolly
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick; Ireland
| | - Charles O. Piggott
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick; Ireland
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Öztürk S, Özboy Ö, Cavidoğlu İ, Köksel H. Effects of Brewer's Spent Grain on the Quality and Dietary Fibre Content of Cookies. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2002.tb00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Faghfoori Z, Navai L, Shakerhosseini R, Somi MH, Nikniaz Z, Norouzi MF. Effects of an oral supplementation of germinated barley foodstuff on serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and -8 in patients with ulcerative colitis. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 48:233-7. [PMID: 21367884 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2010.010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and -8 (IL-8) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) has not yet been examined. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of administration of GBF on serum TNF-α, IL-6 and -8 levels in UC patients in remission. METHODS Forty-one patients with UC were divided into two groups, namely control and GBF group. Twenty-one patients in the control group received standard treatment while 20 patients in the GBF group received 30 g of GBF daily by oral administration during two months of the study along with standard drug therapy. RESULTS Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and -8 all decreased in the GBF group compared with baseline during the two-month study, while in the control group all values rose. For IL-6 and -8 this effect was significant, P = 0.034 and 0.013, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that the consumption of GBF may reduce the level of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and -8 in patients with UC. This investigation was designed as a pilot study and the results may provide a basis for more future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Faghfoori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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Bränning CE, Nyman ME. Malt in combination with Lactobacillus rhamnosus increases concentrations of butyric acid in the distal colon and serum in rats compared with other barley products but decreases viable counts of cecal bifidobacteria. J Nutr 2011; 141:101-7. [PMID: 21106924 PMCID: PMC3001238 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.122226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several substances, including glutamine and propionic acid but in particular butyric acid, have been proposed to be important for colonic health. β-Glucans lead to the formation of comparatively high amounts of butyric acid, and germinated barley foodstuff obtained from brewer's spent grain (BSG), containing high amounts of β-glucans and glutamine, has been reported to reduce the inflammatory response in the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis. The present study examines how 3 barley products, whole grain barley, malt, and BSG, affect SCFA in the hindgut and serum of rats and whether the addition of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 271 to each of these diets would have further effects. Amino acids in plasma and the cecal composition of the microbiota were also analyzed. The butyric acid concentration in the distal colon and serum was higher in the malt groups than in the other groups as was the serum concentration of propionic acid. The concentrations of propionic and butyric acids were higher in the cecum and serum of rats given L. rhamnosus than in those not given this strain. The proportion of plasma glutamine and the cecal number of bifidobacteria were lower in the malt groups than in the other groups. L. rhamnosus decreased the number of cecal bifidobacteria, whereas plasma glutamine was unaffected. We conclude that malt together with L. rhamnosus 271 had greater effects on propionic and butyric acid concentrations in rats than the other barley products. This is interesting when developing food with effects on colonic health.
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Gupta M, Abu-Ghannam N, Gallaghar E. Barley for Brewing: Characteristic Changes during Malting, Brewing and Applications of its By-Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:318-328. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Özvural EB, Vural H, Gökbulut İ, Özboy-Özbaş Ö. Utilization of brewer’s spent grain in the production of Frankfurters. Int J Food Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kanauchi O, Oshima T, Andoh A, Shioya M, Mitsuyama K. Germinated barley foodstuff ameliorates inflammation in mice with colitis through modulation of mucosal immune system. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 43:1346-52. [PMID: 18618333 DOI: 10.1080/00365520802245411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) is a prebiotic product made from malt which contains glutamine-rich protein and hemicellulose-rich fiber. Although GBF has been observed to attenuate colonic mucosal inflammation and bowel movements in ulcerative colitis, both experimentally and clinically, the details of the immune response remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GBF on the colonic epithelium immune response in a CD45RB(high) T cell chronic colitis model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Colitis was induced by transferring CD4+ CD45RB(high) T cells to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice (control n=8, GBF n=8) and the effects of GBF on the colitis were evaluated. The evaluation included measurement of body-weight, occult blood tests, histological examination, mucosal cytokine reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)) as well as IL-6 measurements. RESULTS Seven weeks after transferring the above cells, body-weight loss and occult blood were significantly reduced in the mice that had been fed with GBF. In these mice, there were also significant reductions in IFN-gamma mRNA expressions and IL-6 in the colonic mucosa, as compared with the control group. GBF also significantly attenuated, mucosal damage and mucin positive goblet cell depletion. Conversely, TGF-beta expression significantly increased in the GBF group, compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study using an experimental model in which colitis was induced by transferring CD4+ CD45RB(high) T cells to SCID mice, GBF reduced inflammation by modulating the colonic microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kanauchi
- Kirin Holdings Co., Central Laboratories for Frontier Technology, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
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Damaskos D, Kolios G. Probiotics and prebiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: microflora 'on the scope'. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 65:453-67. [PMID: 18279467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microflora is a large bacterial community that colonizes the gut, with a metabolic activity equal to an organ and various functions that affect the physiology and pathology of the host's mucosal immune system. Intestinal bacteria are useful in promotion of human health, but certain components of microflora, in genetically susceptible individuals, contribute to various pathological disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical and experimental observations indicate an imbalance in protective and harmful microflora components in these disorders. Manipulation of gut flora to enhance its protective and beneficial role represents a promising field of new therapeutic strategies of inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we discuss the implication of gut flora in the intestinal inflammation that justifies the role of probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and we address the evidence for therapeutic benefits from their use in experimental models of colitis and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Damaskos
- Second Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece [corrected]
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Kopsahelis N, Kanellaki M, Bekatorou A. Low temperature brewing using cells immobilized on brewer’s spent grains. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kanauchi O, Fukuda M, Matsumoto Y, Ishii S, Ozawa T, Shimizu M, Mitsuyama K, Andoh A. Eubacterium limosum ameliorates experimental colitis and metabolite of microbe attenuates colonic inflammatory action with increase of mucosal integrity. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:1071-7. [PMID: 16534848 PMCID: PMC4087899 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i7.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the effect of Eubacterium limosum (E.limosum) on colonic epithelial cell line in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of E.limosum on experimental colitis.
METHODS: E.limosum was inoculated anaerobically and its metabolites were obtained. The growth stimulatory effect of the E.limosum metabolites on T84 cells was evaluated by SUDH activity, and the anti-inflammatory effect by IL-6 production. The change in mRNA of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) was evaluated by real time PCR. Colitis was induced by feeding BALB/C mice with 2.0% dextran sodium sulfate. These mice received either 5% lyophilized E.limosum (n = 7) or control diet (n = 7). Seven days after colitis induction, clinical and histological scores, colon length, and cecal organic acid levels were determined.
RESULTS: The E.limosum produced butyrate, acetate, propionate, and lactate at 0.25, 1.0, 0.025 and 0.07 mmol/L, respectively in medium. At this concentration, each acid had no growth stimulating activity on T84 cells; however, when these acids were mixed together at the above levels, it showed significantly high activity than control. Except for lactate, these acids significantly attenuated IL-6 production at just 0.1 mmol/L. In addition, under TNF-α stimulation, butyrate attenuated the production of TLR4 mRNA. The treatment with E.limosum significantly attenuated clinical and histological scores of colitis with an increase of cecal butyrate levels, compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION: E.limosum can ameliorate experimental colonic inflammation. In part, the metabolite of E.limosum, butyrate, increases mucosal integrity and shows anti-inflammatory action modulation of mucosal defense system via TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kanauchi
- Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd., 10-1-2 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8288, Japan.
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Mussatto S, Dragone G, Roberto I. Brewers' spent grain: generation, characteristics and potential applications. J Cereal Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Takahashi T, Nakamura A, Kato M, Maeda H, Mandella RC, Broadmeadow A, Ruckman SA. Soluble soybean fiber: a 3-month dietary toxicity study in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:1111-21. [PMID: 12842179 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Soluble soybean fiber (SSF) is a food ingredient intended for human consumption. SSF was administered in the diet to Sprague-Dawley CD(R) rats at concentrations up to 40,000 ppm for three months. Unformed stool was detected during the early and middle part of the treatment period and was considered an exaggeration of a normal physiological response to the fibre content in the diets, to which the animals appeared to adapt. This finding has been reported with other water-soluble fibres and was not considered an adverse effect. Decreased weight gain and food intake during the first half of the treatment period are possible sequelae of increased intestinal throughput. Adaptation was indicated by subsequently improved weight gain and food consumption. Decreased serum cholesterol occurred in males receiving 30,000 or 40,000 ppm and this has been reported before in rats fed soluble fibre. Haemoconcentration (indicated by increased erythrocyte count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration) and decreased spleen weight are likely related to minor fluid imbalances during exposure to high concentrations of dietary fibre and occurred at all SSF concentrations. The spleen was microscopically normal. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for SSF in this study was 40,000 ppm (equivalent to 2.43 g/kg bodyweight/day for males and 2.91 g/kg bodyweight for females).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Fuji Oil Company Ltd, Tsukuba R&D Center, 4-3 Kinunodai, Yawara-mura, Ibaraki 300-2497, Tsukuba-gun, Japan
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Santos M, Jiménez J, Bartolomé B, Gómez-Cordovés C, del Nozal M. Variability of brewer’s spent grain within a brewery. Food Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kanauchi O, Suga T, Tochihara M, Hibi T, Naganuma M, Homma T, Asakura H, Nakano H, Takahama K, Fujiyama Y, Andoh A, Shimoyama T, Hida N, Haruma K, Koga H, Mitsuyama K, Sata M, Fukuda M, Kojima A, Bamba T. Treatment of ulcerative colitis by feeding with germinated barley foodstuff: first report of a multicenter open control trial. J Gastroenterol 2002; 37 Suppl 14:67-72. [PMID: 12572869 DOI: 10.1007/bf03326417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) is a prebiotic foodstuff that effectively increases luminal butyrate production by stimulating the growth of protective bacteria. In the first pilot study, GBF has been shown to reduce both clinical activity and mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of GBF in the treatment of UC in a multicenter open control trial. METHODS Eighteen patients with mildly to moderately active UC were divided into two groups using a random allocation protocol. The control group (n = 7) were given a baseline anti-inflammatory therapy for 4 weeks. In the GBF-treated group (n = 11), patients received 20-30 g GBF daily, together with the baseline treatment, for 4 weeks. The response to the treatments was evaluated clinically and endoscopically. Fecal microflora were also analyzed. RESULTS After 4 weeks of observation, the GBF-treated group showed a significant decrease in clinical activity index scores compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No side effects related to GBF were observed. GBF therapy increased fecal concentrations of Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium limosum. CONCLUSIONS Oral GBF therapy may have the potency to reduce clinical activity of UC. We believe that these results support the use of GBF administration as a new adjunct therapy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kanauchi
- Nutrient Food and Feed Division, Kirin Brewery, 10-1-2 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8288, Japan
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Bamba T, Kanauchi O, Andoh A, Fujiyama Y. A new prebiotic from germinated barley for nutraceutical treatment of ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17:818-24. [PMID: 12164955 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) containing glutamine-rich protein and hemicellulose-rich fiber was made from brewer's spent grain, by physical isolation. Our previous studies demonstrated that GBF supported maintenance of epithelial cell populations, facilitated epithelial repair, and suppressed epithelial nuclear factor kappaB-DNA-binding activity through generating increased short-chain fatty acid (especially butyrate) production by luminal microflora, which includes Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium, thereby preventing experimental colonic injury. The fiber fraction also modulates stool water content because of its high water-holding capacity. The patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis who had been unresponsive to or intolerant of standard treatment received 20-30 g GBF, feeding daily in a non-randomized, open-label fashion. At 4 weeks, this treatment resulted in a significant clinical and endoscopic improvement. The improvement was associated with an increase in stool butyrate concentrations. These results indicate that GBF feeding is a potentially new, attractive prebiotic treatment in patients with ulcerative colitis. The potency of GBF on modulating microflora, as well as the high water-holding capacity, may play an important role in treatment and prolongation of remission in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Bamba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
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Kanauchi O, Iwanaga T, Andoh A, Araki Y, Nakamura T, Mitsuyama K, Suzuki A, Hibi T, Bamba T. Dietary fiber fraction of germinated barley foodstuff attenuated mucosal damage and diarrhea, and accelerated the repair of the colonic mucosa in an experimental colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:160-8. [PMID: 11207896 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) contains protein and insoluble dietary fiber. We have previously shown in ulcerative colitis patients and a colitis model that GBF feeding attenuates mucosal damage by increasing luminal butyrate levels. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear because of its heterogeneous nature. The present study was carried out to: (i) evaluate the active ingredient in GBF; and (ii) examine its effect on the repair process in colonic inflammation by using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model. METHODS Colitis was induced by feeding a diet containing 0.5-3.5% DSS to male Sprague-Dawley rats. (i) Active ingredient: GBF was fractionated enzymatically into fiber- and protein-rich fractions. Each fraction was administered to DSS-colitis rats. Clinical signs, cecal short chain fatty acid concentrations and serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) levels were determined. (ii) Effect on mucosal repair: GBF with or without salazosulfapyridine (SASP), or SASP alone was administered to rats after the onset of colitis. Seven days after initial treatment, the number of epithelial cells in HE sections was evaluated morphologically in a blind fashion and serum AAG was determined. RESULTS (i) Germinate barley foodstuff and GBF-fiber significantly attenuated the clinical signs of colitis and decreased serum AAG levels, with a significant increase in cecal butyrate production, while GBF-protein did not. (ii) Treatment with GBF alone and GBF plus SASP significantly accelerated colonic epithelial repair and improved clinical signs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the fiber fraction of GBF may effectively enhance luminal butyrate production, and thereby accelerate colonic epithelial repair in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kanauchi
- Applied Bioresearch Center, Corporate Research and Development Division, Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
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NAKAMURA T, AGATA K, NISHIDA S, SHIRASU Y, IINO H. Effects of Yogurt Supplemented with Brewer's Yeast Cell Wall on Intestinal Environment and Defecation in Healthy Female Adults. Biosci Microflora 2001. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus1996.20.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Araki Y, Fujiyama Y, Andoh A, Koyama S, Kanauchi O, Bamba T. The dietary combination of germinated barley foodstuff plus Clostridium butyricum suppresses the dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in rats. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35:1060-7. [PMID: 11099059 DOI: 10.1080/003655200451180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that dietary fiber exerts a therapeutic effect on IBD patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a dietary combination of germinated barley foodstuff (GBF), derived from the aleurone and scutellum fraction of germinated barley, plus Clostridium butyricum against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 3% DSS diet containing GBF only, GBF plus C. butyricum, cellulose only (control) or cellulose plus C. butyricum for 8 days. The mucosal damage (macroscopic and microscopic inflammation) and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were then determined. RESULTS The combination of GBF plus C. butyricum most effectively prevented bloody diarrhea and mucosal damage. The GBF-only diet also showed some preventive effects. With respect to fecal SCFAs, the combination of GBF plus C. butyricum most effectively increased the fecal SCFA level. CONCLUSION The dietary combination of GBF plus C. butyricum most effectively suppressed DSS-induced experimental colitis in rats. These effects may be closely associated with its high activity to increase SCFA levels in the gut lumen. The potential clinical efficacy of GBF in IBD patients is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Araki
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Nagahama Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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Kanauchi O, Andoh A, Iwanaga T, Fujiyama Y, Mitsuyama K, Toyonaga A, Bamba T. Germinated barley foodstuffs attenuate colonic mucosal damage and mucosal nuclear factor kappa B activity in a spontaneous colitis model. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14:1173-9. [PMID: 10634153 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germinated barley foodstuffs (GBF), which are derived from brewer's spent grain and are a highly safe food substance, increased butyrate production in the lower intestine and prevented mucosal damage and bloody diarrhoea in an acute experimental colitis model. As human histocompatibility leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 transgenic rats develop spontaneous and chronic intestinal inflammation resembling ulcerative colitis, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of GBF against a spontaneous and chronic colitis model. Specifically, the production of bacterial butyrate and the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production were examined. METHODS A GBF diet and a cellulose (CE) diet were fed to HLA-B27 transgenic rats for 13 weeks. The presence of faecal occult blood, colonic mucosal protein, DNA and RNA content, colonic myeloperoxidase activity, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) DNA binding activity, the depth of the crypts and serum inflammatory parameters were then evaluated. Butyrate production in the caecal contents was also determined. RESULTS Feeding GBF significantly increased bacterial butyrate production and simultaneously attenuated the presence of faecal occult blood and colonic mucosal hyperplasia. Colonic mucosal NFkappaB-DNA binding activity and the production of interleukin-8 were also suppressed by the butyrate produced from GBF. CONCLUSIONS Germinated barley foodstuffs feeding promotes bacterial butyrate production and attenuated inflammation in both spontaneous and chronic colitis in HLA-B27 transgenic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kanauchi
- Applied Bioresearch Center, Corporate Research and Development Division, Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd, Gunma, Japan.
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Kanauchi O, Iwanaga T, Mitsuyama K, Saiki T, Tsuruta O, Noguchi K, Toyonaga A. Butyrate from bacterial fermentation of germinated barley foodstuff preserves intestinal barrier function in experimental colitis in the rat model. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14:880-8. [PMID: 10535469 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The consumption of germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) prevents inflammation and diarrhoea in a colitis model. In this study we investigated the mechanism of the preventative effect of GBF on experimental colitis in rats, in view of production of bacterial butyrate and preservation of intestinal barrier function. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats administered with diets supplemented with 3.5% dextran sodium sulphate were used as an experimental colitis model. Butyrate was given to rats orally or intracaecally. Intestinal barrier function was estimated by light microscopic observation of the mucosa, intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. RESULTS Mucosal damage was reduced by intracaecal administration of butyrate, but not by oral administration. Bacterial butyrate production and reduction of mucosal damage depended on the dose of GBF in diets. The action of endogenous bacterial butyrate, including the reduction of intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, was inhibited by administration of an inhibitor of beta-oxidation of short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS The feeding of GBF promotes bacterial butyrate production and improves intestinal barrier function in rats, resulting in mitigation of experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kanauchi
- Applied Bioresearch Center, Corporate Research and Development Division, Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd, Gunma, Japan.
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Mitsuyama K, Saiki T, Kanauchi O, Iwanaga T, Tomiyasu N, Nishiyama T, Tateishi H, Shirachi A, Ide M, Suzuki A, Noguchi K, Ikeda H, Toyonaga A, Sata M. Treatment of ulcerative colitis with germinated barley foodstuff feeding: a pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998; 12:1225-30. [PMID: 9882030 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) has been shown to attenuate intestinal injury in animal models, largely by increasing luminal short-chain fatty acid production. AIM To investigate the safety and efficacy of GBF in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Ten patients with active UC received 30 g of GBF daily for 4 weeks in an open-label treatment protocol while the baseline anti-inflammatory therapy was continued. The response to treatment was evaluated clinically and endoscopically. Pre- and post-treatment stool concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS Patients showed improvement in their clinical activity index scores, with a significant decrease in the score from 6.9+/-1.4 to 2.8+/-1.5 (mean+/-S.E.M., P < 0.05). The endoscopic index score fell from 6.1+/-2.3 to 3.8+/-2.3 (P < 0.0001). Patients showed an increase in stool butyrate concentrations after GBF treatment (P < 0.05). No side-effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Oral GBF therapy may have a place in management of ulcerative colitis, but controlled studies are needed to demonstrate its efficacy in the treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mitsuyama
- Second Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
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