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Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, Stefansdottir L, Boer CG, McDonald ML, Pett JP, Park YC, Tuerlings M, Mulders R, Barysenka A, Arruda AL, Tragante V, Rocco A, Bittner N, Chen S, Horn S, Srinivasasainagendra V, To K, Katsoula G, Kreitmaier P, Tenghe AMM, Gilly A, Arbeeva L, Chen LG, de Pins AM, Dochtermann D, Henkel C, Höijer J, Ito S, Lind PA, Lukusa-Sawalena B, Minn AKK, Mola-Caminal M, Narita A, Nguyen C, Reimann E, Silberstein MD, Skogholt AH, Tiwari HK, Yau MS, Yue M, Zhao W, Zhou JJ, Alexiadis G, Banasik K, Brunak S, Campbell A, Cheung JTS, Dowsett J, Faquih T, Faul JD, Fei L, Fenstad AM, Funayama T, Gabrielsen ME, Gocho C, Gromov K, Hansen T, Hudjashov G, Ingvarsson T, Johnson JS, Jonsson H, Kakehi S, Karjalainen J, Kasbohm E, Lemmelä S, Lin K, Liu X, Loef M, Mangino M, McCartney D, Millwood IY, Richman J, Roberts MB, Ryan KA, Samartzis D, Shivakumar M, Skou ST, Sugimoto S, Suzuki K, Takuwa H, Teder-Laving M, Thomas L, Tomizuka K, Turman C, Weiss S, Wu TT, Zengini E, Zhang Y, Ferreira MAR, Babis G, Baras A, Barker T, Carey DJ, Cheah KSE, Chen Z, Cheung JPY, Daly M, de Mutsert R, Eaton CB, et alHatzikotoulas K, Southam L, Stefansdottir L, Boer CG, McDonald ML, Pett JP, Park YC, Tuerlings M, Mulders R, Barysenka A, Arruda AL, Tragante V, Rocco A, Bittner N, Chen S, Horn S, Srinivasasainagendra V, To K, Katsoula G, Kreitmaier P, Tenghe AMM, Gilly A, Arbeeva L, Chen LG, de Pins AM, Dochtermann D, Henkel C, Höijer J, Ito S, Lind PA, Lukusa-Sawalena B, Minn AKK, Mola-Caminal M, Narita A, Nguyen C, Reimann E, Silberstein MD, Skogholt AH, Tiwari HK, Yau MS, Yue M, Zhao W, Zhou JJ, Alexiadis G, Banasik K, Brunak S, Campbell A, Cheung JTS, Dowsett J, Faquih T, Faul JD, Fei L, Fenstad AM, Funayama T, Gabrielsen ME, Gocho C, Gromov K, Hansen T, Hudjashov G, Ingvarsson T, Johnson JS, Jonsson H, Kakehi S, Karjalainen J, Kasbohm E, Lemmelä S, Lin K, Liu X, Loef M, Mangino M, McCartney D, Millwood IY, Richman J, Roberts MB, Ryan KA, Samartzis D, Shivakumar M, Skou ST, Sugimoto S, Suzuki K, Takuwa H, Teder-Laving M, Thomas L, Tomizuka K, Turman C, Weiss S, Wu TT, Zengini E, Zhang Y, Ferreira MAR, Babis G, Baras A, Barker T, Carey DJ, Cheah KSE, Chen Z, Cheung JPY, Daly M, de Mutsert R, Eaton CB, Erikstrup C, Furnes ON, Golightly YM, Gudbjartsson DF, Hailer NP, Hayward C, Hochberg MC, Homuth G, Huckins LM, Hveem K, Ikegawa S, Ishijima M, Isomura M, Jones M, Kang JH, Kardia SLR, Kloppenburg M, Kraft P, Kumahashi N, Kuwata S, Lee MTM, Lee PH, Lerner R, Li L, Lietman SA, Lotta L, Lupton MK, Mägi R, Martin NG, McAlindon TE, Medland SE, Michaëlsson K, Mitchell BD, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morris AP, Nabika T, Nagami F, Nelson AE, Ostrowski SR, Palotie A, Pedersen OB, Rosendaal FR, Sakurai-Yageta M, Schmidt CO, Sham PC, Singh JA, Smelser DT, Smith JA, Song YQ, Sørensen E, Tamiya G, Tamura Y, Terao C, Thorleifsson G, Troelsen A, Tsezou A, Uchio Y, Uitterlinden AG, Ullum H, Valdes AM, van Heel DA, Walters RG, Weir DR, Wilkinson JM, Winsvold BS, Yamamoto M, Zwart JA, Stefansson K, Meulenbelt I, Teichmann SA, van Meurs JBJ, Styrkarsdottir U, Zeggini E. Translational genomics of osteoarthritis in 1,962,069 individuals. Nature 2025:10.1038/s41586-025-08771-z. [PMID: 40205036 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08771-z] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the third most rapidly growing health condition associated with disability, after dementia and diabetes1. By 2050, the total number of patients with osteoarthritis is estimated to reach 1 billion worldwide2. As no disease-modifying treatments exist for osteoarthritis, a better understanding of disease aetiopathology is urgently needed. Here we perform a genome-wide association study meta-analyses across up to 489,975 cases and 1,472,094 controls, establishing 962 independent associations, 513 of which have not been previously reported. Using single-cell multiomics data, we identify signal enrichment in embryonic skeletal development pathways. We integrate orthogonal lines of evidence, including transcriptome, proteome and epigenome profiles of primary joint tissues, and implicate 700 effector genes. Within these, we find rare coding-variant burden associations with effect sizes that are consistently higher than common frequency variant associations. We highlight eight biological processes in which we find convergent involvement of multiple effector genes, including the circadian clock, glial-cell-related processes and pathways with an established role in osteoarthritis (TGFβ, FGF, WNT, BMP and retinoic acid signalling, and extracellular matrix organization). We find that 10% of the effector genes express a protein that is the target of approved drugs, offering repurposing opportunities, which can accelerate translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Cindy G Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merry-Lynn McDonald
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Patrick Pett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young-Chan Park
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margo Tuerlings
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Mulders
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei Barysenka
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ana Luiza Arruda
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Alison Rocco
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Norbert Bittner
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shibo Chen
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vinodh Srinivasasainagendra
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ken To
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgia Katsoula
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Kreitmaier
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amabel M M Tenghe
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lane G Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Daniel Dochtermann
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cecilie Henkel
- Clinical Orthopaedic Research Hvidovre (CORH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jonas Höijer
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shuji Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Penelope A Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, Brain and Mental Health Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Aye Ko Ko Minn
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marina Mola-Caminal
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chelsea Nguyen
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ene Reimann
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Micah D Silberstein
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne-Heidi Skogholt
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michelle S Yau
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Zhao
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jin J Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Alexiadis
- 1st Department of Orthopaedics, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Joseph Dowsett
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tariq Faquih
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lijiang Fei
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Marie Fenstad
- The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chinatsu Gocho
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kirill Gromov
- Clinical Orthopaedic Research Hvidovre (CORH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Georgi Hudjashov
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thorvaldur Ingvarsson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jessica S Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Helgi Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Kasbohm
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP-KEF, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanna Lemmelä
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Marieke Loef
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshua Richman
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary B Roberts
- Center for Primary Care & Prevention, Brown University, Pawtucket, RI, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dino Samartzis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manu Shivakumar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Søren T Skou
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sachiyo Sugimoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ken Suzuki
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takuwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Maris Teder-Laving
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laurent Thomas
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kohei Tomizuka
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tian T Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Eleni Zengini
- 4th Psychiatric Department, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | | | - George Babis
- 2nd Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 'Konstantopouleio' Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Barker
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Intermountain Healthcare, Precision Genomics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David J Carey
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn S E Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason Pui-Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Center for Primary Care & Prevention, Brown University, Pawtucket, RI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ove Nord Furnes
- The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nils P Hailer
- Orthopedics, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit IGC, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc C Hochberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | | | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Kumahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue, Japan
| | - Suguru Kuwata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | | | - Phil H Lee
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Robin Lerner
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | | | - Luca Lotta
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Neurogenetics and Dementia, Brain and Mental Health Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, Brain and Mental Health Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy E McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, Brain and Mental Health Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Morris
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Fuji Nagami
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital - Køge, Køge, Denmark
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carsten Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP-KEF, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medicine Service, Michale E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Statistical Genetics Team, Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Anders Troelsen
- Clinical Academic Group: Research OsteoArthritis Denmark (CAG ROAD), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Yuji Uchio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ana M Valdes
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Mark Wilkinson
- School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Department of Medicine & Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
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