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Rahim SA, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Licavoli J, Jonard BW, Drelich JW. Overview of biodegradable materials for bone repair and osteosarcoma treatment: From bulk to scaffolds. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2025; 174:214317. [PMID: 40239432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2025] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common type of malignant bone tumor that affects growing bones in teenagers and children, has become a significant challenge for medical science. The combination of chemotherapy and surgery has been the standard treatment strategy for decades. However, concerns about tumor recurrence and the toxic effects of the drugs continue to drive materials scientists to develop multifunctional scaffolds that can simultaneously support bone regeneration and prevent tumor recurrence. Emergent multifunctional scaffolds have the potential to foster essential and dynamic cellular communication, which can directly target, signal, stimulate, and enhance the body's natural bone repair response. This review emphasizes the mechanisms involved and highlights various technologies and manufacturing processes that align with the capability of these scaffolds to effectively promote bone repair, especially in the presence of osteosarcoma. Additionally, the review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding scaffolds based on magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), as well as the antitumor properties of their corrosion products. The review also discusses the therapeutic potential of Mg-, Zn-, and Fe-based materials in inhibiting osteosarcoma cell proliferation. The article elaborates on the main research challenges and prospects of biodegradable materials for bone repair and osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shebeer A Rahim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Hamid R Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Joseph Licavoli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Brandon W Jonard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jaroslaw W Drelich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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Nieto ÁVA, Diaz AH, Hernández M. Are there Effective Vegan-Friendly Supplements for Optimizing Health and Sports Performance? a Narrative Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2025; 14:44. [PMID: 40072649 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-025-00633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Veganism, characterized by the exclusion of all animal-derived products, has grown in popularity due to ethical, environmental, and health considerations. However, vegan athletes often face unique nutritional challenges related to dietary deficiencies of critical nutrients such as proteins, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids, among others. This narrative review aims to explore the efficacy and benefits of vegan-friendly supplements specifically tailored to athletic performance, focusing on essential micronutrients, ergogenic aids, and nutrient bioavailability. RECENT FINDINGS Nineteen key supplements are discussed, including protein powders, creatine, beta-alanine, caffeine, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, calcium, iron, iodine, vitamin K2, selenium, probiotics, nitrates, electrolytes (including sodium and potassium), taurine, vitamin A, and magnesium. Evidence suggests that the integration of these supplements into personalized nutrition plans can bridge dietary gaps while addressing specific performance needs, potentially leveling the competitive field for vegan athletes. Recent studies also highlight research gaps in sex-specific needs, synergistic effects, and strategies to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients from whole foods. Vegan diets, while conferring various benefits, require careful consideration of nutrient intake for athletes seeking optimal performance. Personalized biochemical assessments should be considered when possible for tailoring specific nutritional guidelines for each case. This narrative review provides practical guidelines for clinicians, nutritionists, trainers, sports scientists, and athletes to design personalized supplementation strategies that address common nutritional shortfalls, enhance performance, and serve as a foundation for future research in vegan sports nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Vergara A Nieto
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Good Research and Science (GRS), Avenida Ramón Picarte 780, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad del Desarrollo, Ainavillo 456, 4070001, Concepción, Chile
| | - Andrés Halabi Diaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Republica 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Good Research and Science (GRS), Avenida Ramón Picarte 780, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.
- Departamento de I+D+I, CatchPredict SpA, Avenida Ramón Picarte 780, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Millaray Hernández
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Good Research and Science (GRS), Avenida Ramón Picarte 780, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
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Devarshi PP, Mao Q, Grant RW, Hazels Mitmesser S. Comparative Absorption and Bioavailability of Various Chemical Forms of Zinc in Humans: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:4269. [PMID: 39770891 PMCID: PMC11677333 DOI: 10.3390/nu16244269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is needed for numerous critical health functions in the body. It is estimated that 17 to 20% of the global population is at risk for zinc deficiency, with certain groups at higher risk. The provision of supplemental zinc is a convenient and effective option for treating zinc deficiency and maintaining healthy levels of zinc. Several zinc salts are available for use in supplements. However, little information is available comparing the absorption and bioavailability of these different chemical forms of zinc. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of zinc absorption and bioavailability, discuss indicators of zinc status and risk factors for zinc deficiency, and review clinical studies comparing the absorption and bioavailability of different chemical forms of zinc in humans. This review of the clinical evidence suggests that zinc glycinate and zinc gluconate are better absorbed than other forms of zinc.
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Sankova M, Nikolenko V, Oganesyan M, Vinnik Y, Gavryushova L, Redina S, Rizaeva N, Sankov A, Bulygin K, Vovkogon A, Pontes-Silva A, Zharikov Y. Zinc pathogenic importance in correcting immunity and restoring public health in the post-COVID period: An overview. Cytokine 2024; 184:156761. [PMID: 39307118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The problem of correcting immune system function and compensating for co-morbidities becomes particularly clinically significant in the post-COVID period. There is evidence that certain trace elements in the human body, particularly zinc ions, play a critical role in restoring the function of the immune system and internal organs. OBJECTIVE To analyze the mechanisms of zinc action maintaining the body homeostasis in order to justify pathogenetically the inclusion of zinc drugs in the therapy of patients in the post-COVID period. METHODS Data from Elsevier, Global Health, PubMed-NCBI, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Research gate, RSCI Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Academy, e-LIBRARY.RU and CyberLeninka were used. RESULTS This review showed that the importance of zinc in maintaining body homeostasis in the post-COVID period is determined by its multifaceted effect on all parts of the immune system, its anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial properties and participation in the restoration of internal organ function. Elimination of zinc deficiency in the post-COVID period is essential to support immunity, compensate for comorbidities and reduce the risk of complications. The impossibility of synthesizing zinc in the body requires its constant intake in sufficient quantities. Zinc levels are significantly reduced after infectious diseases, as this element is specifically distributed to organs and tissues to maintain immunological and metabolic functions. The degree of zinc deficiency is associated with the severity of COVID-19 and the post-COVID period. It is pathogenetically justified to prescribe zinc drugs in the post-COVID period, the choice of which should take into account comorbidities and severity of hypozincemia. CONCLUSION Regularly administered therapy with zinc drugs in the post-COVID period will help correct the population immunity and restore public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sankova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Nikolenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marine Oganesyan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yurii Vinnik
- Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Liliya Gavryushova
- Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Sofya Redina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Negorya Rizaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksey Sankov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Kirill Bulygin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andzhela Vovkogon
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - André Pontes-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Yury Zharikov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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Chemek M, Kadi A, Al-Mahdawi FKI, Potoroko I. Zinc as a Possible Critical Element to Prevent Harmful Effects of COVID-19 on Testicular Function: a Narrative Review. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:3673-3687. [PMID: 38987405 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Research into innovative non-pharmacological therapeutic routes via the utilization of natural elements like zinc (Zn) has been motivated by the discovery of new severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) variants and the ineffectiveness of certain vaccination treatments during COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, research on SARS-COV-2's viral cellular entry and infection mechanism has shown that it may seriously harm reproductive system cells and impair testicular function in young men and adolescents, which may lead to male infertility over time. In this context, we conducted a narrative review to give an overview of the data pertaining to Zn's critical role in testicular tissue, the therapeutic use of such micronutrients to enhance male fertility, as well as in the potential mitigation of COVID-19, with the ultimate goal of elucidating the hypothesis of the potential use of Zn supplements to prevent the possible harmful effects of SARS-COV2 infection on testis physiological function, and subsequently, on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Chemek
- Department of food and biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia.
| | - Ammar Kadi
- Department of food and biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia
| | | | - Irina Potoroko
- Department of food and biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia
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Lin Z, Liu G, Sheng B, Zhao Y, Xu D, Wu Z, Zhou J, Zhang M, Chen G, Wang J, Lv J, Lin H, Xu D. Capture and removal of nanoplastics using ZIF-derived defective nanoframework: Structure-performance correlation, theoretical calculation and application. NANO TODAY 2024; 58:102418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2025]
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Monge-Rojas R, Vargas-Quesada R, Previdelli AN, Kovalskys I, Herrera-Cuenca M, Cortés LY, García MCY, Liria-Domínguez R, Rigotti A, Fisberg RM, Ferrari G, Fisberg M, Gómez G. A Landscape of Micronutrient Dietary Intake by 15- to 65-Years-Old Urban Population in 8 Latin American Countries: Results From the Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition. Food Nutr Bull 2024; 45:S11-S25. [PMID: 38112070 DOI: 10.1177/03795721231215267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latin American countries have shifted from traditional diets rich in micronutrients to a Westernized diet rich in high energy-dense foods and low in micronutrients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of adequate micronutrient intakes in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. METHOD Micronutrient dietary intake data were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women aged 15.0 to 65.0 years living in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-hour recalls on nonconsecutive days. Micronutrient adequacy of intake was calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off method. RESULTS In general terms, the prevalence of inadequate intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium ranged from 0.4% to 9.9%. In contrast, the prevalence of inadequacy of pyridoxine, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A ranged from 15.7% to 51.5%. The nutrients with a critical prevalence of inadequacy were magnesium (80.5%), calcium (85.7%), and vitamin D (98.2%). The highest prevalence of inadequate intakes was observed in the low educational level, participants with overweight/obesity, in men, and varies according to socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to define direct regional actions and strategies in Latin America aimed at improving micronutrient adequacy, either through staple food fortification programs, agronomic biofortification, or food policies that facilitate economic access to micronutrient-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Monge-Rojas
- Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Rulamán Vargas-Quesada
- Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | | | - Irina Kovalskys
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, USA
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Shi Y, Hao R, Ji H, Gao L, Yang J. Dietary zinc supplements: beneficial health effects and application in food, medicine and animals. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5660-5674. [PMID: 38415843 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Zinc, a crucial trace element is vital for the growth and development of humans. It is frequently described as 'the flower of life' and 'the source of intelligence'. Zinc supplements play a pivotal role in addressing zinc deficiency by serving as a vital source of this essential micronutrients, effectively replenishing depleted zinc levels in the body. In this paper, we first described the biological behavior of zinc in the human body and briefly described the physiological phenomena associated with zinc levels. The benefits and drawbacks of various zinc supplement forms are then discussed, with emphasis on the most recent zinc supplement formulations. Finally, the application of zinc supplements in food, medicine, and animal husbandry is further summarized. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixia Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junyan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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De Moura FF, Moursi M, Donahue Angel M, Angeles-Agdeppa I, Muslimatun S, Atmarita A, Gironella GM, Boy E, Carriquiry A. An Ex-Ante Analysis of the Impact of Biofortified Zinc Rice on Dietary Zinc Inadequacy: Evidence from Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines. J Nutr 2024; 154:2575-2582. [PMID: 38936549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South, East, and Southeast Asia are among the regions of the world with the highest estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake. Because populations in those regions eat rice as their main staple, zinc biofortification of rice can potentially improve zinc intake, especially among the most vulnerable. OBJECTIVES We modeled the impact of the consumption of zinc-biofortified rice on zinc intake and inadequacy among women of childbearing age and young children nationally in Indonesia, the Philippines, and at a subnational level in Bangladesh. METHODS We conducted an ex-ante analysis by applying increments of zinc content in rice, from a baseline level of 16 parts per million (ppm) to 100 ppm, and based on rice consumption data to substitute levels of conventional rice with zinc-biofortified rice varying between 10% and 70%. RESULTS Among all datasets evaluated from these 3 countries, the prevalence of dietary zinc inadequacy at baseline was 94%-99% among women of childbearing age, 77%-100% among children 4-5 y old, and 27%-78% among children 1-3 y old. At the current breeding target of 28 ppm, zinc-biofortified rice has the potential to decrease zinc inadequacy by ≤50% among women and children in rural Bangladesh and among children in the Philippines where consumption of rice is higher compared with Indonesia. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows that increasing zinc content in rice ≤45 ppm reduces the burden of zinc inadequacy substantially, after which we encourage programs to increase coverage to reach the highest number of beneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana F De Moura
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Mourad Moursi
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Moira Donahue Angel
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Siti Muslimatun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Atmarita Atmarita
- National Institute of Health and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Glen M Gironella
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Erick Boy
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alicia Carriquiry
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Wu Y, Xu G, Bai R, Yu P, He Z, Chen M, Hu Y, Jiang T, Yang Y, Liu D, Mei Y, Qi X, Cheng F. Association Between Circulating Zinc Levels and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome: Insights from a Bi-directional Mendelian Randomization Analysis and Cross-Sectional Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3051-3061. [PMID: 37857990 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the relationship between zinc and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have yielded inconsistent results. This comprehensive study aimed to elaborately explore the impact of zinc on MetS risk factors. The bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to estimate the causal relationship between zinc and MetS risk factors. Additionally, a retrospective cross-sectional study incorporated 4389 subjects to provide a broader perspective in conjunction with the MR analyses. In the MR analyses, genetically instrumented zinc was positively associated with five of the MetS components in Europeans, including BMI, FBG, HbA1c, TC, and LDL-c (β (95%CI) = 0.023 (0.019-0.027), 0.019 (0.013-0.025), 0.041 (0.022-0.060), 0.027 (0.013-0.042), and 0.018 (0.010-0.026), respectively). In the cross-sectional study, higher concentration of zinc was strongly associated with increased BMI, LDL-c, and UA (β (95%CI) = 0.040 (0.010-0.085), 0.026 (0.018-0.035), and 1.529 (0.614-2.445), respectively). Moreover, these unfavorable associations were more obvious in women compared to men, with a borderline significant interaction effect for BMI (P=0.051). Our study showed that higher blood concentration of zinc, an essential trace element, was associated with unfavorable changes of the component metabolic risk factors of MetS, especially with BMI and LDL-c. Notably, these associations seemed to be more pronounced in women rather than in men. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of zinc status in the underlying mechanisms of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqiong Xu
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingping Yu
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxiang He
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengxue Chen
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukun Hu
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanhang Yang
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Mei
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoya Qi
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Feifei Cheng
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Milanković V, Tasić T, Leskovac A, Petrović S, Mitić M, Lazarević-Pašti T, Novković M, Potkonjak N. Metals on the Menu-Analyzing the Presence, Importance, and Consequences. Foods 2024; 13:1890. [PMID: 38928831 PMCID: PMC11203375 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metals are integral components of the natural environment, and their presence in the food supply is inevitable and complex. While essential metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper are crucial for various physiological functions and must be consumed through the diet, others, like lead, mercury, and cadmium, are toxic even at low concentrations and pose serious health risks. This study comprehensively analyzes the presence, importance, and consequences of metals in the food chain. We explore the pathways through which metals enter the food supply, their distribution across different food types, and the associated health implications. By examining current regulatory standards for maximum allowable levels of various metals, we highlight the importance of ensuring food safety and protecting public health. Furthermore, this research underscores the need for continuous monitoring and management of metal content in food, especially as global agricultural and food production practices evolve. Our findings aim to inform dietary recommendations, food fortification strategies, and regulatory policies, ultimately contributing to safer and more nutritionally balanced diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Milanković
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Tamara Tasić
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Andreja Leskovac
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Sandra Petrović
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Miloš Mitić
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Mirjana Novković
- Group for Muscle Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nebojša Potkonjak
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.); (A.L.); (S.P.); (M.M.); (T.L.-P.)
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Bourgon N, Tacail T, Jaouen K, Leichliter JN, McCormack J, Winkler DE, Clauss M, Tütken T. Dietary and homeostatic controls of Zn isotopes in rats: a controlled feeding experiment and modeling approach. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae026. [PMID: 38755021 PMCID: PMC11157155 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The stable isotope composition of zinc (δ66Zn), which is an essential trace metal for many biological processes in vertebrates, is increasingly used in ecological, archeological, and paleontological studies to assess diet and trophic level discrimination among vertebrates. However, the limited understanding of dietary controls and isotopic fractionation processes on Zn isotope variability in animal tissues and biofluids limits precise dietary reconstructions. The current study systematically investigates the dietary effects on Zn isotope composition in consumers using a combined controlled feeding experiment and box-modeling approach. For this purpose, 21 rats were fed one of seven distinct animal- and plant-based diets and a total of 148 samples including soft and hard tissue, biofluid, and excreta samples of these individuals were measured for δ66Zn. Relatively constant Zn isotope fractionation is observed across the different dietary groups for each tissue type, implying that diet is the main factor controlling consumer tissue δ66Zn values, independent of diet composition. Furthermore, a systematic δ66Zn diet-enamel fractionation is reported for the first time, enabling diet reconstruction based on δ66Zn values from tooth enamel. In addition, we investigated the dynamics of Zn isotope variability in the body using a box-modeling approach, providing a model of Zn isotope homeostasis and inferring residence times, while also further supporting the hypothesis that δ66Zn values of vertebrate tissues are primarily determined by that of the diet. Altogether this provides a solid foundation for refined (paleo)dietary reconstruction using Zn isotopes of vertebrate tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bourgon
- IsoTROPIC research group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Kahlaische Str. 10, Jena, Germany
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, Mainz, Germany
| | - Théo Tacail
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klervia Jaouen
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France
| | - Jennifer N Leichliter
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, Mainz, Germany
- HoMeCo Emmy Noether research group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jeremy McCormack
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniela E Winkler
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, Mainz, Germany
- Zoology and Functional Morphology of Vertebrates, Zoological Institute, University Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 3–9, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Tütken
- Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Li Y, Pan M, Meng S, Xu W, Wang S, Dou M, Zhang C. The Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidation, Inflammation, Tight Junction Integrity, and Apoptosis in Heat-Stressed Bovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2042-2051. [PMID: 37648935 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) have diverse applications in numerous biomedical processes. The present study explored the effects of these nanoparticles on antioxidation, inflammation, tight junction integrity, and apoptosis in heat-stressed bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs). Primary BIECs that were isolated and cultured from calves either were subjected to heat stress alone (42°C for 6 h) or were simultaneously heat-stressed and treated with nano-ZnO (0.8 μg/mL). Cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of genes involved in antioxidation (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD1, and GCLM), inflammation-related genes (TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10), intestinal barrier genes (Claudin, Occludin, and ZO-1), and apoptosis-related genes (Cyt-c, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) were assessed to evaluate the effect of nano-ZnO on heat-stressed BIECs. The nanoparticles significantly increased cell viability and decreased the rate of apoptosis of BIECs induced by heat stress. In addition, nano-ZnO promoted the expression of antioxidant-related genes HO-1 and GCLM and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene IL-10, and inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine-related genes IL-6 and IL-8. The nanoparticles also enhanced expression of the Claudin and ZO-1 genes, and decreased expression of the apoptosis-related genes Cyt-c and Caspase-3. These results reveal that nano-ZnO improve the antioxidant and immune capacity of BIECs and mitigate apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells induced by heat stress. Thus, nano-ZnO have potential for detrimental the adverse effects of heat stress in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Mengying Pan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Sudan Meng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Mengying Dou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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14
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Jin D, Wei X, He Y, Zhong L, Lu H, Lan J, Wei Y, Liu Z, Liu H. The nutritional roles of zinc for immune system and COVID-19 patients. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1385591. [PMID: 38706559 PMCID: PMC11066294 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1385591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a vital micronutrient that strengthens the immune system, aids cellular activities, and treats infectious diseases. A deficiency in Zn can lead to an imbalance in the immune system. This imbalance is particularly evident in severe deficiency cases, where there is a high susceptibility to various viral infections, including COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. This review article examines the nutritional roles of Zn in human health, the maintenance of Zn concentration, and Zn uptake. As Zn is an essential trace element that plays a critical role in the immune system and is necessary for immune cell function and cell signaling, the roles of Zn in the human immune system, immune cells, interleukins, and its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection are further discussed. In summary, this review paper encapsulates the nutritional role of Zn in the human immune system, with the hope of providing specific insights into Zn research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xinran Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yunyi He
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Luying Zhong
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Lan
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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15
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Lowe NM, Hall AG, Broadley MR, Foley J, Boy E, Bhutta ZA. Preventing and Controlling Zinc Deficiency Across the Life Course: A Call to Action. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100181. [PMID: 38280724 PMCID: PMC10882121 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Through diverse roles, zinc determines a greater number of critical life functions than any other single micronutrient. Beyond the well-recognized importance of zinc for child growth and resistance to infections, zinc has numerous specific roles covering the regulation of glucose metabolism, and growing evidence links zinc deficiency with increased risk of diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Zinc nutriture is, thus, vitally important to health across the life course. Zinc deficiency is also one of the most common forms of micronutrient malnutrition globally. A clearer estimate of the burden of health disparity attributable to zinc deficiency in adulthood and later life emerges when accounting for its contribution to global elevated fasting blood glucose and related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Yet progress attenuating its prevalence has been limited due, in part, to the lack of sensitive and specific methods to assess human zinc status. This narrative review covers recent developments in our understanding of zinc's role in health, the impact of the changing climate and global context on zinc intake, novel functional biomarkers showing promise for monitoring population-level interventions, and solutions for improving population zinc intake. It aims to spur on implementation of evidence-based interventions for preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course. Increasing zinc intake and combating global zinc deficiency requires context-specific strategies and a combination of complementary, evidence-based interventions, including supplementation, food fortification, and food and agricultural solutions such as biofortification, alongside efforts to improve zinc bioavailability. Enhancing dietary zinc content and bioavailability through zinc biofortification is an inclusive nutrition solution that can benefit the most vulnerable individuals and populations affected by inadequate diets to the greatest extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Lowe
- Center for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew G Hall
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, United Kingdom; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Foley
- HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Erick Boy
- HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Center for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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16
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Jankauskienė A, Aleknavičius D, Kiseliovienė S, Antanaitis Š, Falkauskas R, Šumskienė M, Juknienė I, Kabašinskienė A. The Influence of Different Sustainable Substrates on the Nutritional Value of Tenebrio molitor Larvae. Foods 2024; 13:365. [PMID: 38338502 PMCID: PMC11326477 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year, over 30% of food production is wasted. However, promoting a sustainable food supply not only fosters economic stability in agriculture and the food industry, but also safeguards precious natural resources and ensures universal food access and safety. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine how specific growth conditions (utilizing by-products: sprouted potatoes (1), wheat bran (2), brewers' spent grain (3), and a control sample with agar-agar gels (4)) affect the larvae of yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). This includes their nutritional and energy value, consumer sensory profiling, and technological parameters of processing. The results have indicated that larvae reared on the substrate with wheat bran had the highest energy value, at 708.26 kcal. In larvae, the difference in protein content was not significant when changing the rearing conditions, and ranged between 48.54 and 59.18%. The larvae contained a significant content of fibers, with the highest amount detected in samples with brewers' spent grain. The data indicate that glucose and arabinose were distinctive to larvae. Our study has also revealed a statistical difference in ash content between larvae and the substrate, with higher levels of nitrogen, copper, and zinc detected in the larvae compared to the substrate. We have found that the salt was naturally occurring in the substrates, with the brewers' spent grain sample having the highest amount, at 1.83%. However, the control sample yielded the highest ratings, achieving a score of 7.30 for general smell acceptability. These findings emphasize the potential of utilizing various industrial and farm by-products as substrates for mealworms, transforming them into a sustainable and nutrient-rich food source. This contribution adds to the broader discourse on nutritional value and resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Jankauskienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Tilzes St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Sandra Kiseliovienė
- Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Šarūnas Antanaitis
- Agrochemical Research Laboratory, Analytical Department, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto Al. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Rimvydas Falkauskas
- National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, Tilzes St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marijona Šumskienė
- Culinary Art and Wellness Laboratory, Alytus STEAM Open Access Center Food Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Engineering, Alytus College, Studentu St. 17, LT-62252 Alytus, Lithuania
| | - Ignė Juknienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Tilzes St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aistė Kabašinskienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Tilzes St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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17
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Cho YE, Lee MK, Kwon JH, Kwun IS. Zinc dietary reference intakes and factorial analysis. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND HEALTH 2024; 57:365. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2024.57.4.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
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19
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Knez M, Stangoulis JCR. Dietary Zn deficiency, the current situation and potential solutions. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:199-215. [PMID: 37062532 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a worldwide problem, and this review presents an overview of the magnitude of Zn deficiency with a particular emphasis on present global challenges, current recommendations for Zn intake, and factors that affect dietary requirements. The challenges of monitoring Zn status are clarified together with the discussion of relevant Zn bioaccessibility and bioavailability issues. Modern lifestyle factors that may exacerbate Zn deficiency and new strategies of reducing its effects are presented. Biofortification, as a potentially useful strategy for improving Zn status in sensitive populations, is discussed. The review proposes potential actions that could deliver promising results both in terms of monitoring dietary and physiological Zn status as well as in alleviating dietary Zn deficiency in affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, AdelaideSA5001, Australia
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 11000Belgrade, Serbia
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, AdelaideSA5001, Australia
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20
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Keller AA. Nanomaterials in sunscreens: Potential human and ecological health implications. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45 Suppl 1:127-140. [PMID: 37799081 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials such as TiO2 and ZnO provide significant benefits in terms of UV protection, and their use generally has increased in commercial sunscreens. However, more recently there have been concerns about their potential human and ecological health implications, mostly driven by perception rather than by formal assessments. The large and increasing body of literature on these nanomaterials indicates that in most circumstances their risk are minimal. Penetration of the human epidermis is minimal for these nanomaterials, significantly reducing the potential effects that these nanomaterials may pose to internal organs. The excess Zn ion dose is very small compared to normal dietary consumption of Zn, which is a necessary element. The levels of residual nanomaterials or released ions in public swimming pools is also low, with minimal effect in case this water is ingested during swimming or bathing. In natural environments with significant water flow due to wind and water currents, the concentrations of nanomaterials and released ions are generally well below levels that would cause effects in aquatic organisms. However, sensitive habitats with slow currents, such as coral reefs, may accumulate these nanomaterials. The number of studies of the levels and effects of nanomaterials in these sensitive habitats is very small; more research is needed to determine if there is an elevated risk to these ecosystems from the use of sunscreens with these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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21
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Podpeskar A, Crazzolara R, Kropshofer G, Hetzer B, Rabensteiner E, Meister B, Obexer P, Salvador C. Recommendations for Nutritional Supplementation in Pediatric Oncology: A Compilation of the Facts. Nutrients 2023; 15:3239. [PMID: 37513658 PMCID: PMC10386187 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the few modifiable risk factors, the importance of dietary patterns for both disease prevention and treatment outcome in pediatric oncology has gained increasing popularity. Malnutrition is associated with lower survival rates, tolerance to treatment, and quality of life. Yet, especially in children with malignancies, nutritional deterioration is common, and pediatric cancer patients often present with inadequate intake of micro- and macronutrients alike. Despite the reported widespread use of dietary supplements, few empirical data provide a basis for clinical recommendations, and evidence for their efficacy is inconsistent. Current literature lacks a systematic approach as to how and which supplements should be recommended for specific patients, types of cancer, or during specific treatments. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of the most frequently used nutrients in pediatric malignant diseases and to give a practical guide based on current scientific evidence. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed through April 2023 to select meta-analyses, systematic reviews, observational studies, and individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of macro- and micronutrient supplementation in pediatric oncology. The search strategy included the following medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords: "childhood cancer", "pediatric oncology", "nutritional status", "dietary supplements", "vitamins", "micronutrients", "calcium", "magnesium", "vitamin D", "zinc" "glutamine", "selen", and "omega-3 fatty acids". The reference lists of all relevant articles were screened to include potentially pertinent studies. RESULTS The present review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the latest evidence about the role of nutrition and diet in pediatric oncology, also focusing on different nutritional interventions available for the management of the disease. We summarize evidence about the importance of adequate nutrition in childhood cancer and the role of several micronutrients and critically interpret the findings. Possible effects and benefits of supplementation during chemotherapy are discussed, as are strategies for primary and secondary prevention. CONCLUSIONS We here describe the obvious benefits of dietary supplementation for childhood cancer. Further large-scale clinical trials are required to verify the impacts of deficiencies and the possible benefits of supplementation and optimal dosages. (337 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Podpeskar
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roman Crazzolara
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Kropshofer
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin Hetzer
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rabensteiner
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Meister
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Obexer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Institute of Experimental Neonatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Salvador
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Pereira CGM, Nunes MAP, Lessa AL, Cerqueira LC, Veloso OM, Delpino FM, Ferreira A, de Góis FN, Costa PSR, Santos HO. Sex distinctions regarding serum zinc levels in critically ill COVID-19 patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127262. [PMID: 37451092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Men and women exhibit different presentations in COVID-19. Changes in zinc finger domains in X chromosome causes disorders of sex development. So, we aimed to evaluate sex distinctions regarding serum zinc in severe COVID-19. METHOD Data from electronic records of severe COVID-19 patients were correlated with serum zinc. Logistic regression investigated predictors and protectors of hypozincemia in men and women. RESULTS We assessed 188 medical records (men = 114, women = 74). Men correlated low zinc with hypertension (cc = 0.303, p < 0.001), diabetes (cc = 0.198, p = 0.031), hemoglobin (cc = -0.258, p = 0.005), and albumin (cc = -0.219, p = 0.027). Low lymphocyte count (cc = 0.315, p = 0.005), C-reactive protein (cc = -0.248, p = 0.037), and enteral nutrition (cc = 0.269, p = 0.016) were correlated with hypozincemia in women. Age correlated with low zinc in men (c = -0.304, p = 0.001) and women (cc = -0.298, p = 0.010). In men, hypertension (OR = 4.905, p = 0.005) and lymphopenia (OR = -0.999, p = 0.019) were low zinc predictors, while lung injury > 50% was a protective factor (OR = -0.280, p = 0.025). Lymphopenia (OR = -0.999, p = 0.005) and difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) (OR = 4.359, p = 0.036) were predictors of hypozincemia in women. Difficult weaning from MV (OR = 3.012, p = 0.003) and age (OR = 1.038, p = 0.002) were hypozincemia predictors regardless sex. CONCLUSION Hypertension, diabetes, hemoglobin and albumin were correlated with low zinc in men. Lymphopenia, reactive-C protein and enteral nutrition were correlated with low zinc in women. In men, hypertension and low lymphocytes were predictors of hypozincemia. Lymphopenia and difficult weaning from MV were predictors of low zinc in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gama Matos Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus da Saúde Prof. João Cardoso Do Nascimento Júnior, CCBS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; São Lucas Hospital - Rede D'OR (HSL), EMTN, Avenida Coronel Stanley da Silveira s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio Prado Nunes
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus da Saúde Prof. João Cardoso Do Nascimento Júnior, CCBS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Arthur Leite Lessa
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus da Saúde Prof. João Cardoso Do Nascimento Júnior, CCBS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lara Carvalho Cerqueira
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus da Saúde Prof. João Cardoso Do Nascimento Júnior, CCBS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Octavio Morais Veloso
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus da Saúde Prof. João Cardoso Do Nascimento Júnior, CCBS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Felipe Mendes Delpino
- Pós Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Rua Gomes Carneiro, 01 / 2º andar - Sala 208, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrêa Ferreira
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, (UFBA), Rua Araújo Pinho 32, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Noronha de Góis
- São Lucas Hospital - Rede D'OR (HSL), EMTN, Avenida Coronel Stanley da Silveira s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Santos Rodrigues Costa
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus da Saúde Prof. João Cardoso Do Nascimento Júnior, CCBS, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; São Lucas Hospital - Rede D'OR (HSL), EMTN, Avenida Coronel Stanley da Silveira s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Heitor Oliveira Santos
- Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Pará, bloco 2u, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 1720, Brazil
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Hall AG, King JC. The Molecular Basis for Zinc Bioavailability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076561. [PMID: 37047530 PMCID: PMC10095312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient, and its deficiency is perhaps the most prevalent and least understood worldwide. Recent advances have expanded the understanding of zinc’s unique chemistry and molecular roles in a vast array of critical functions. However, beyond the concept of zinc absorption, few studies have explored the molecular basis of zinc bioavailability that determines the proportion of dietary zinc utilized in zinc-dependent processes in the body. The purpose of this review is to merge the concepts of zinc molecular biology and bioavailability with a focus on the molecular determinants of zinc luminal availability, absorption, transport, and utilization.
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24
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Vosti SA, Adams KP, Michuda A, Ortiz-Becerra K, Luo H, Haile D, Chou VB, Clermont A, Teta I, Ndjebayi A, Kagin J, Guintang J, Engle-Stone R. Impacts of micronutrient intervention programs on effective coverage and lives saved: Modeled evidence from Cameroon. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:199-210. [PMID: 36471541 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Policymakers are committed to improving nutritional status and to saving lives. Some micronutrient intervention programs (MIPs) can do both, but not to the same degrees. We apply the Micronutrient Intervention Modeling tool to compare sets of MIPs for (1) achieving dietary adequacy separately for zinc, vitamin A (VA), and folate for children and women of reproductive age (WRA), and (2) saving children's lives via combinations of MIPs. We used 24-h dietary recall data from Cameroon to estimate usual intake distributions of zinc and VA for children 6-59 months and of folate for WRA. We simulated the effects on dietary inadequacy and lives saved of four fortified foods and two VA supplementation (VAS) platforms. We estimated program costs over 10 years. To promote micronutrient-specific dietary adequacy, the economic optimization model (EOM) selected zinc- and folic acid-fortified wheat flour, VA-fortified edible oils, and bouillon cubes, and VAS via Child Health Days in the North macroregion. A different set of cost-effective MIPs emerged for reducing child mortality, shifting away from VA and toward more zinc for children and more folic acid for WRA. The EOM identified more efficient sets of MIPs than the business-as-usual MIPs, especially among programs aiming to save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Vosti
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Katherine P Adams
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Aleksandr Michuda
- Center for Data Science for Enterprise and Society, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Karen Ortiz-Becerra
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hanqi Luo
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Demewoz Haile
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Victoria B Chou
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrienne Clermont
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ismael Teta
- Helen Keller International, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Reina Engle-Stone
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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25
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Mozaffar B, Idris I. A Literature Review of Taste Change and Zinc Deficiency After Bariatric Surgery: Could There Be a Causal Link? Obes Surg 2023; 33:313-331. [PMID: 36401097 PMCID: PMC9834104 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we collated evidence relating to taste change and zinc deficiency in relation to bariatric surgery (BS) and effects of zinc replacement on taste perception and speculate on the possible role of zinc deficiency to induce taste change after BS. A literature search was conducted (33 studies, N = 3264). We showed that taste change and zinc deficiency are frequent complications after BS, which both typically occurred at 6 months post-surgery. Our analysis did not support a causal link between the two, but similar onset of incidences indirectly indicates a link. Supplementation with 45-50 mg of zinc sulphate, higher than current recommendation, was effective in improving taste. Further studies are required to establish the causal link between the two in the context of BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshra Mozaffar
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
- Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iskandar Idris
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.
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26
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Ceballos-Rasgado M, Lowe NM, Moran VH, Clegg A, Mallard S, Harris C, Montez J, Xipsiti M. Toward revising dietary zinc recommendations for children aged 0 to 3 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis of zinc absorption, excretion, and requirements for growth. Nutr Rev 2022:6881443. [PMID: 36478064 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization are updating their dietary zinc recommendations for children aged 0 to 3 years. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to retrieve and synthesize evidence regarding zinc needs for growth as well as zinc losses, absorption, and bioavailability from the diet. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched electronically from inception to August 2020. Studies assessing the above factors in healthy children aged 0 to 9 years were included, with no limits on study design or language. DATA EXTRACTION Ninety-four studies reporting on zinc content in tissue (n = 27); zinc absorption (n = 47); factors affecting zinc bioavailability (n = 30); and endogenous zinc losses via urine, feces, or integument (n = 40) met the inclusion criteria. Four reviewers extracted data and two reviewers checked for accuracy. DATA ANALYSES Studies were synthesized narratively, and meta-analyses of zinc losses and gains as well the subgroups of age, type of feeding, country's income, and molar ratio of phytate to zinc were conducted. Meta-analysis revealed an overall mean (95%CI) urinary and endogenous fecal zinc excretion of 17.48 µg/kg/d (11.80-23.15; I2 = 94%) and 0.07 mg/kg/d (0.06-0.08; I2 = 82%), respectively, with a mean fractional zinc absorption of 26.75% (23.69-29.81; I2 = 99%). Subgrouping by age revealed differences in mean values associated with the transition from milk-based diets to solid food during the first 3 years of life. CONCLUSION This review synthesizes data that may be used to formulate zinc requirements in young children. Results should be interpreted with caution because of considerable heterogeneity in the evidence. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42020215236.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola M Lowe
- Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria H Moran
- Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Clegg
- Synthesis, Economic Evaluation and Decision Science (SEEDS) Group, Applied Health Research Hub, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Simonette Mallard
- New Zealand College of Public Health Medicine, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Harris
- Synthesis, Economic Evaluation and Decision Science (SEEDS) Group, Applied Health Research Hub, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Montez
- Nutrition and Food Safety Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Xipsiti
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
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27
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Zhu X, Li H, Zhou L, Jiang H, Ji M, Chen J. Evaluation of the gut microbiome alterations in healthy rats after dietary exposure to different synthetic ZnO nanoparticles. Life Sci 2022; 312:121250. [PMID: 36455650 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although synthetic ZnO nanoparticles (Nano-ZnO) as an alternative of ZnO compounds have been extensively used such as in livestock production, the increased consuming of Nano-ZnO has raised considerable concerns in environmental pollution and public health. Because of the low digestion of Nano-ZnO, the systematic studies on their interactions with gut microbiota remain to be clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nano-ZnOs were prepared by co-precipitation (ZnO-cp) and high temperature thermal decomposition (ZnO-td) as well as the commercial type (ZnO-s). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor the morphology of Nano-ZnO. CCK-8 assay was used for cytotoxicity evaluation. Total antioxidant capacity assay, total superoxide dismutase assay, and lipid peroxidation assay were used to evaluate oxidative states of rats. 16S rRNA was used to study the impact of Nano-ZnO on the rat gut microbiome. KEY FINDINGS Both ZnO-cp and ZnO-td exhibited low cytotoxicity while ZnO-s and ZnO-td exhibited prominent antibacterial activities. After a 28-day oral feeding with 1000 mg/kg Zn at dietary dosage, ZnO-s showed slight effect on causing oxidative stress in comparison with that of ZnO-cp and ZnO-td. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that ZnO-td as a promising short-term nano-supplement can increase probiotics abundances like strains belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and provide the antipathogenic effect. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the gut microbiome alteration by synthetic Nano-ZnO not only provide solution to exposure monitoring of environmental hazard, but rationalize their large-scale manufacture as alternative additive in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Henghui Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Liuzhu Zhou
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China.
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28
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Zinc in Human Health and Infectious Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121748. [PMID: 36551176 PMCID: PMC9775844 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, the micronutrient zinc has proven to be an important metal ion for a well-functioning immune system, and thus also for a suitable immune defense. Nowadays, it is known that the main cause of zinc deficiency is malnutrition. In particular, vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in Western countries and children in developing countries, are often affected. However, sufficient zinc intake and homeostasis is essential for a healthy life, as it is known that zinc deficiency is associated with a multitude of immune disorders such as metabolic and chronic diseases, as well as infectious diseases such as respiratory infections, malaria, HIV, or tuberculosis. Moreover, the modulation of the proinflammatory immune response and oxidative stress is well described. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of zinc have been known for a long time, but are not comprehensively researched and understood yet. Therefore, this review highlights the current molecular mechanisms underlying the development of a pro-/ and anti-inflammatory immune response as a result of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation. Additionally, we emphasize the potential of zinc as a preventive and therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other strategies, that could ameliorate infectious diseases.
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29
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Shawahna R. Predictors of Breast Milk Zinc Levels Among Breastfeeding Women in Palestine: a Cross-Sectional Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4632-4640. [PMID: 35767207 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the most important essential micronutrients that is needed for the normal growth, development, and maintaining the health of human beings. Previous studies showed that zinc deficiency was highly prevalent among pregnant and lactating women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine breast milk zinc levels among breastfeeding women in Palestine and to identify the predictors of breast milk zinc levels. Breast milk samples were obtained from breastfeeding women who visited maternity and primary healthcare centers. Zinc levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Breast milk zinc levels were determined in 390 breast milk samples. The mean breast milk zinc level in all samples was 0.15 ± 0.09 mg per 100 mL. Breast milk zinc levels declined with postpartum time from 0.22 ± 0.011 at ≤ 1 month postpartum to 0.09 ± 0.009 mg per 100 mL at > 9 months postpartum (p-value < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that high breast milk zinc levels were predicted by younger maternal age, postpartum time, being employed, frequent consumption of multivitamins/minerals, and practicing exclusive breastfeeding. In conclusion, the breast milk zinc levels quantified among breastfeeding women in Palestine were comparable to those previously reported among non-malnourished women elsewhere. The findings of this study are informative to pediatricians, gynecologists, nurses/midwives, breastfeeding advisors/counselors, nutritionists, and policymakers who might be interested in designing and implementing interventions to improve breast milk zinc levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building: 19, Office: 1340, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
- An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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30
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Larasati YA, Savitsky M, Koval A, Solis GP, Valnohova J, Katanaev VL. Restoration of the GTPase activity and cellular interactions of Gα o mutants by Zn 2+ in GNAO1 encephalopathy models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9350. [PMID: 36206333 PMCID: PMC9544338 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
De novo point mutations in GNAO1, gene encoding the major neuronal G protein Gαo, have recently emerged in patients with pediatric encephalopathy having motor, developmental, and epileptic dysfunctions. Half of clinical cases affect codons Gly203, Arg209, or Glu246; we show that these mutations accelerate GTP uptake and inactivate GTP hydrolysis through displacement Gln205 critical for GTP hydrolysis, resulting in constitutive GTP binding by Gαo. However, the mutants fail to adopt the activated conformation and display aberrant interactions with signaling partners. Through high-throughput screening of approved drugs, we identify zinc pyrithione and Zn2+ as agents restoring active conformation, GTPase activity, and cellular interactions of the encephalopathy mutants, with negligible effects on wild-type Gαo. We describe a Drosophila model of GNAO1 encephalopathy where dietary zinc restores the motor function and longevity of the mutant flies. Zinc supplements are approved for diverse human neurological conditions. Our work provides insights into the molecular etiology of GNAO1 encephalopathy and defines a potential therapy for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonika A. Larasati
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Savitsky
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo P. Solis
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jana Valnohova
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia
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Zinc Fortification: Current Trends and Strategies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193895. [PMID: 36235548 PMCID: PMC9572300 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc, through its structural and cofactor roles, affects a broad range of critical physiological functions, including growth, metabolism, immune and neurological functions. Zinc deficiency is widespread among populations around the world, and it may, therefore, underlie much of the global burden of malnutrition. Current zinc fortification strategies include biofortification and fortification with zinc salts with a primary focus on staple foods, such as wheat or rice and their products. However, zinc fortification presents unique challenges. Due to the influences of phytate and protein on zinc absorption, successful zinc fortification strategies should consider the impact on zinc bioavailability in the whole diet. When zinc is absorbed with food, shifts in plasma zinc concentrations are minor. However, co-absorbing zinc with food may preferentially direct zinc to cellular compartments where zinc-dependent metabolic processes primarily occur. Although the current lack of sensitive biomarkers of zinc nutritional status reduces the capacity to assess the impact of fortifying foods with zinc, new approaches for assessing zinc utilization are increasing. In this article, we review the tools available for assessing bioavailable zinc, approaches for evaluating the zinc nutritional status of populations consuming zinc fortified foods, and recent trends in fortification strategies to increase zinc absorption.
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32
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Estimates of Dietary Mineral Micronutrient Supply from Staple Cereals in Ethiopia at a District Level. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173469. [PMID: 36079728 PMCID: PMC9459787 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent surveys have revealed substantial spatial variation in the micronutrient composition of cereals in Ethiopia, where a single national micronutrient concentration values for cereal grains are of limited use for estimating typical micronutrient intakes. We estimated the district-level dietary mineral supply of staple cereals, combining district-level cereal production and crop mineral composition data, assuming cereal consumption of 300 g capita−1 day−1 proportional to district-level production quantity of each cereal. We considered Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), teff (Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) consumption representing 93.5% of the total cereal production in the three major agrarian regions. On average, grain cereals can supply 146, 23, and 7.1 mg capita−1 day−1 of Ca, Fe, and Zn, respectively. In addition, the Se supply was 25 µg capita−1 day−1. Even at district-level, cereals differ by their mineral composition, causing a wide range of variation in their contribution to the daily dietary requirements, i.e., for an adult woman: 1–48% of Ca, 34–724% of Fe, 17–191% of Se, and 48–95% of Zn. There was considerable variability in the dietary supply of Ca, Fe, Se, and Zn from staple cereals between districts in Ethiopia.
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33
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Triangulating evidence for the causal impact of single-intervention zinc supplement on glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial and two-sample Mendelian randomisation. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1929-1944. [PMID: 35946077 PMCID: PMC10167665 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although previous studies suggested the protective effect of Zn for type 2 diabetes (T2D), the unitary causal effect remains inconclusive. We investigated the causal effect of Zn as a single intervention on glycaemic control for T2D, using a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR). Four primary outcomes were identified: fasting blood glucose/fasting glucose, HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum insulin/fasting insulin level. In the systematic review, four databases were searched until June 2021. Studies, in which participants had T2D and intervention did not comprise another co-supplement, were included. Results were synthesised through the random-effects meta-analysis. In the two-sample MR, we used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from MR-base, strongly related to Zn supplements, to infer the relationship causally, but not specified T2D. In the systematic review and meta-analysis, fourteen trials were included with overall 897 participants initially. The Zn supplement led to a significant reduction in the post-trial mean of fasting blood glucose (mean difference (MD): −26·52 mg/dl, 95 % CI (−35·13, −17·91)), HbA1c (MD: −0·52 %, 95 % CI: (−0·90, −0·13)) and HOMA-IR (MD: −1·65, 95 % CI (−2·62, −0·68)), compared to the control group. In the two-sample MR, Zn supplement with two SNP reduced the fasting glucose (inverse-variance weighted coefficient: −2·04 mmol/l, 95 % CI (−3·26, −0·83)). From the two methods, Zn supplementation alone may causally improve glycaemic control among T2D patients. The findings are limited by power from the small number of studies and SNP included in the systematic review and two-sample MR analysis, respectively.
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Kotnis A, Bhatt GC, Joshi D, Shukla AK, Gupta P, Shah D, Choudhary B, Patil R, Dubey SK, Shukla M, Joshi A, Pakhare AP. Assessment of zinc inadequacy among tribal adolescent population of central India - A cross-sectional study. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156:339-347. [PMID: 36629194 PMCID: PMC10057370 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3130_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Zinc is a crucial micronutrient in adolescence, required for promoting growth and sexual maturation. Adolescents of some tribes may be at high risk of zinc deficiency due to dietary inadequacy and poor bioavailability of zinc from plant-based diets. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of zinc deficiency by estimating prevalence of inadequate zinc intake, prevalence of low serum zinc and stunting among tribal adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted among adolescents (10-19 yr) in three purposively selected districts where Bhil, Korku and Gond tribes were in majority. Structured data collection instrument comprising information about sociodemographic characteristics and dietary recall data was used. Anthropometric assessment was conducted by standardized weighing scales and anthropometry tapes, and blood sample was collected from antecubital vein into trace element-free vacutainers. Serum zinc was estimated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results A total of 2310 households were approached for participation in the study, of which 2224 households having 5151 adolescents participated. Out of these enlisted adolescents, 4673 responded to dietary recall (90.7% response rate). Anthropometry of 2437 participants was carried out, and serum zinc was analyzed in 844 adolescents. The overall prevalence of dietary zinc inadequacy was 42.6 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI) 41.2 to 44.1] with reference to the estimated average requirement suggested by International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) and 64.8 per cent (95% CI 63.4 to 66.2) with Indian Council of Medical Research-recommended requirements. Stunting was observed in 29 per cent (95% CI 27.2 to 30.8) participants. According to IZiNCG cut-offs, low serum zinc was detected in 57.5 per cent (95% CI 54.1 to 60.8) of adolescents, whereas it was 34.4 per cent (95% CI: 31.2-37.5) according to the national level cut-off. Interpretation & conclusions Risk of dietary zinc inadequacy and low serum zinc concentration amongst adolescents of the Gond, Bhil and Korku tribes is a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kotnis
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Girish C Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepti Joshi
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind K Shukla
- Department of Micronutrients, Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Palak Gupta
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dishant Shah
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bharat Choudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh; Department of Trauma & Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Shukla
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh; Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Joshi
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit P Pakhare
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Blanco Muñoz J, Lope V, Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, Gómez-Ariza JL, Dierssen-Sotos T, Fernández-Tardón G, Aragonés N, Amiano P, Gómez-Acebo I, Tardón A, Grau-Pérez M, García-Barrera T, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Pérez-Gómez B. Levels and determinants of urinary cadmium in general population in Spain: Metal-MCC-Spain study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112959. [PMID: 35189102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a ubiquitous and persistent metal, associated with different harmful health effects and with increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding the main sources of exposure is essential to identify at risk populations and to design public health interventions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate cadmium exposure in a random-sample of general adult population from three regions of Spain, assessed by the urinary cadmium (U-Cd) concentration, and to identify its potential determinants and sex-specific differences, including sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured U-Cd (μg/g creatinine) in single urine spot samples from 1282 controls enrolled in the multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain) with inductively coupling plasma-mass spectrometry equipped with an octopole reaction systems (ICP-ORS-MS). The association between sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics and U-Cd concentrations was evaluated using geometric mean ratios (GMR) estimated by multiple log-linear regression models. RESULTS Overall, geometric mean U-Cd concentration was 0.40 (95%CI: 0.38, 0.41) μg/g creatinine. Levels were higher in women than in men (GMR]: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.32), and increased with age in males (ptrend< 0.001). Cigarette smoking was clearly associated to U-Cd levels (GMRformer vs non-smokers: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.29; GMRcurrent vs non-smokers: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.26, 1.60); the relationship with secondhand tobacco exposure in non-smokers, was restricted to women (pinteraction = 0.02). Sampling season and region also seemed to influence U-Cd concentrations, with lower levels in summer (GMRsummer vs average: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.71, 0.88), and higher levels in North-Spain Asturias (GMRAsturias vs average: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.23). Regarding diet, higher U-Cd concentration was associated with eggs consumption only in men (pinteraction = 0.04), just as rice intake was associated in women (pinteraction = 0.03). CONCLUSION These results confirmed that tobacco exposure is the main modifiable predictor of U-Cd concentrations, and remark that the role of dietary/sociodemographic factors on U-Cd levels may differ by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blanco Muñoz
- Department of Environmental Health. Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Virginia Lope
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nerea Fernández de Larrea-Baz
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva. Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Av. del Tres de Marzo, 3, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA)/University of Oviedo, 03301, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. C/San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain; Epidemiology and Public Health Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA)/University of Oviedo, 03301, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Grau-Pérez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/ IdiPAZ, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva. Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Av. del Tres de Marzo, 3, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Av/Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Berger MM, Shenkin A, Schweinlin A, Amrein K, Augsburger M, Biesalski HK, Bischoff SC, Casaer MP, Gundogan K, Lepp HL, de Man AME, Muscogiuri G, Pietka M, Pironi L, Rezzi S, Cuerda C. ESPEN micronutrient guideline. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1357-1424. [PMID: 35365361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements and vitamins, named together micronutrients (MNs), are essential for human metabolism. Recent research has shown the importance of MNs in common pathologies, with significant deficiencies impacting the outcome. OBJECTIVE This guideline aims to provide information for daily clinical nutrition practice regarding assessment of MN status, monitoring, and prescription. It proposes a consensus terminology, since many words are used imprecisely, resulting in confusion. This is particularly true for the words "deficiency", "repletion", "complement", and "supplement". METHODS The expert group attempted to apply the 2015 standard operating procedures (SOP) for ESPEN which focuses on disease. However, this approach could not be applied due to the multiple diseases requiring clinical nutrition resulting in one text for each MN, rather than for diseases. An extensive search of the literature was conducted in the databases Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. The search focused on physiological data, historical evidence (published before PubMed release in 1996), and observational and/or randomized trials. For each MN, the main functions, optimal analytical methods, impact of inflammation, potential toxicity, and provision during enteral or parenteral nutrition were addressed. The SOP wording was applied for strength of recommendations. RESULTS There was a limited number of interventional trials, preventing meta-analysis and leading to a low level of evidence. The recommendations underwent a consensus process, which resulted in a percentage of agreement (%): strong consensus required of >90% of votes. Altogether the guideline proposes sets of recommendations for 26 MNs, resulting in 170 single recommendations. Critical MNs were identified with deficiencies being present in numerous acute and chronic diseases. Monitoring and management strategies are proposed. CONCLUSION This guideline should enable addressing suboptimal and deficient status of a bundle of MNs in at-risk diseases. In particular, it offers practical advice on MN provision and monitoring during nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Berger
- Department of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alan Shenkin
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Anna Schweinlin
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Karin Amrein
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Austria.
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael P Casaer
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kursat Gundogan
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | | | - Angélique M E de Man
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Research VUmc Intensive Care (REVIVE), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam Medical Data Science (AMDS), Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università di Napoli (Federico II), Naples, Italy; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II, University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Pietka
- Pharmacy Department, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland.
| | - Loris Pironi
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Centre for Chronic Intestinal Failure - Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Italy.
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Nutrition and Health Foundation (SNHf), Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Chung HY, Lee MK, Kim W, Choi MK, Kim SH, Kim E, Kim MH, Ha JH, Lee H, Bae YJ, Kwun IS. Issues pertaining to Mg, Zn and Cu in the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:S113-S125. [PMID: 35651833 PMCID: PMC9127514 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.s1.s113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current years, it has now become necessary to establish standards for micronutrient intake based on scientific evidence. This review discusses issues related to the development of the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI) for magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), and future research directions. Following issues were encountered when establishing the KDRI for these minerals. First, characteristics of Korean subjects need to be applied to estimate nutrient requirements. When calculating the estimated average requirement (EAR), the KDRI used the results of balance studies for Mg absorption and factorial analysis for Zn, which is defined as the minimum amount to offset endogenous losses for Zn and Mg. For Cu, a combination of indicators, such as depletion/repletion studies, were applied, wherein all reference values were based on data obtained from other countries. Second, there was a limitation in that it was difficult to determine whether reference values of Mg, Zn, and Cu intakes in the 2020 KDRI were achievable. This might be due to the lack of representative previous studies on intakes of these nutrients, and an insufficient database for Mg, Zn, and Cu contents in foods. This lack of database for mineral content in food poses a problem when evaluating the appropriateness of intake. Third, data was insufficient to assess the adequacy of Mg, Zn, and Cu intakes from supplements when calculating reference values, considering the rise in both demand and intake of mineral supplements. Mg is more likely to be consumed as a multi-nutrient supplement in combination with other minerals than as a single supplement. Moreover, Zn-Cu interactions in the body need to be considered when determining the reference intake values of Zn and Cu. It is recommended to discuss these issues present in the 2020 KDRI development for Mg, Zn, and Cu intakes in a systematic way, and to find relevant solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Yun Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Soongeui Women’s College, Seoul 04628, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Wookyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Se-Hong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Korea
| | - Eunmee Kim
- Department of Dietetics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hongmie Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daejin University, Pocehon 11159, Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Bae
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
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Haile D, Brown KH, McDonald CM, Luo H, Jarvis M, Teta I, Ndjebayi A, Martial GAJ, Vosti SA, Engle-Stone R. Applying Zinc Nutrient Reference Values as Proposed by Different Authorities Results in Large Differences in the Estimated Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake by Young Children and Women and in Cameroon. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040883. [PMID: 35215534 PMCID: PMC8879783 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient reference values (NRVs) for zinc set by several expert groups differ widely and may affect the predicted prevalence of inadequate zinc intake. We examined this possibility using NRVs published by four different authorities and nationally representative dietary intake data collected among children aged 12–59 months and women in Cameroon. Usual zinc intake was estimated from 24 h recall data using the National Cancer Institute method. Prevalences of total zinc intake below the dietary requirement and of “absorbable zinc intake” below the physiological requirement were estimated using NRVs published by the World Health Organization (WHO), US Institute of Medicine (IOM), International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The prevalence of inadequate zinc intake ranged from 10% (IZiNCG—physiological requirement, 95% CI 7–13%) to 81% (EFSA—physiological requirement, 95% CI 78–84%) among children and 9% (WHO—physiological requirement, 95% CI 8–11.0%) to 94% (IOM—physiological requirement, 95% CI 92–95%) among women These differences in the prevalence of inadequate intake translated into sizeable differences in the predicted benefit and cost-effectiveness of zinc fortification programs. Depending on the NRVs applied, assessments differ regarding the need for and design of zinc fortification programs. Efforts are needed to harmonize NRVs for zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demewoz Haile
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.H.B.); (C.M.M.); (H.L.); (R.E.-S.)
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.); (S.A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-601-3869
| | - Kenneth H. Brown
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.H.B.); (C.M.M.); (H.L.); (R.E.-S.)
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.); (S.A.V.)
| | - Christine M. McDonald
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.H.B.); (C.M.M.); (H.L.); (R.E.-S.)
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.); (S.A.V.)
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hanqi Luo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.H.B.); (C.M.M.); (H.L.); (R.E.-S.)
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.); (S.A.V.)
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Jarvis
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.); (S.A.V.)
| | - Ismael Teta
- Helen Keller International, Yaoundé 1771, Cameroon; (I.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Alex Ndjebayi
- Helen Keller International, Yaoundé 1771, Cameroon; (I.T.); (A.N.)
| | | | - Stephen A. Vosti
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.); (S.A.V.)
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Reina Engle-Stone
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.H.B.); (C.M.M.); (H.L.); (R.E.-S.)
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.); (S.A.V.)
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Taleon V, Hasan MZ, Jongstra R, Wegmüller R, Bashar MK. Effect of parboiling conditions on zinc and iron retention in biofortified and non-biofortified milled rice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:514-522. [PMID: 34143490 PMCID: PMC9290027 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc-biofortified rice could contribute to zinc intake in deficient populations, but processing it into parboiled rice could affect this potential benefit. Zinc and iron true retention (TR) in milled rice produced under conditions resembling household and commercial parboiled methods was evaluated. Zinc and iron TR in milled rice obtained from biofortified and non-biofortified rice subjected to different soaking temperatures during parboiling was also evaluated. RESULTS Conditions resembling commercial parboiling methods resulted in 52.2-59.7% zinc TR and 55.4-79.1% iron TR, whereas those used for household parboiling resulted in 70.7-79.6% zinc TR and 78.2-119.8% iron TR. Zinc TR in milled (8-16% bran removal) biofortified and non-biofortified parboiled rice was 50.6-66.8% when soaking rough rice at 20 °C and 29.9-56.0% when soaking rough rice at 65 °C; both had lower zinc TR than non-parboiled rice (58.0-80.6%). Iron TR was generally similar between milled non-parboiled and parboiled rice (26.2-67.6%) and between parboiled biofortified and non-biofortified milled rice. CONCLUSION Parboiling conditions used to obtain milled rice targeted for own household consumption resulted in higher zinc and iron TR compared to parboiling conditions used for milled rice targeted for markets. More zinc from the inner endosperm moved towards the outer layers at high soaking temperature, resulting in lower zinc TR for milled parboiled rice soaked in hotter water. Parboiled rice soaked at temperatures used in households could provide more zinc to diets compared to rice soaked in hotter water commonly used in large rice mills, especially when rice is extensively milled. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Taleon
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Md Zakiul Hasan
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research InstituteDhakaBangladesh
| | - Roelinda Jongstra
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Rita Wegmüller
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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Ho E, Wong CP, King JC. Impact of zinc on DNA integrity and age-related inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:391-397. [PMID: 34921929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dr. Bruce Ames was a pioneer in understanding the role of oxidative stress and DNA damage, and in the 1990s began to make connections between micronutrient deficiencies and DNA damage. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and a key component for the function of numerous cellular processes. In particular, zinc plays a critical role in cellular antioxidant defense, the maintenance of DNA integrity and is also essential for the normal development and function of the immune system. This review highlights the work helping connect zinc deficiency to oxidative stress, susceptibility to DNA damage and chronic inflammation that was initiated while working with Dr. Ames. This review outlines the body of work in this area, from cells to humans. The article also reviews the unique challenges of maintaining zinc status as we age and the interplay between zinc deficiency and age-related inflammation and immune dysfunction. Several micronutrient deficiencies, including zinc deficiency, can drastically affect the risk of many chronic diseases and underscores the importance of adequate nutrition for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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Lee MK, Kim EM, Kwun IS. 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans: zinc. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND HEALTH 2022; 55:441. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2022.55.4.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Eun-Mee Kim
- Department of Dietetics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
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Gomes MJC, Martino HSD, Tako E. Zinc-biofortified staple food crops to improve zinc status in humans: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34847784 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biofortified foods are a new approach to increase minerals in the diet, and evidence suggests that zinc (Zn) biofortification can improve Zn physiological status in humans. This systematic review aimed to answer the question: "What are the effects of the consumption of Zn biofortified foods on Zn status in humans?". This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021250566). PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Science Direct databases were searched for studies that evaluated the effects of Zn biofortified foods on Zn absorption. Of 4282 articles identified, nine remained after inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. Limitations in study quality, external and internal validity (bias/confounding), and study power were evaluated. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Of the nine articles included, five observed an increase in total Zn absorption, and one showed that Zn participated in the conversion of linoleic acid to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. By increasing the amount of Zn in the food, Zn biofortification can reduce the phytate:Zn molar ratio and improve Zn absorption in humans. More studies are needed to clarify what portion of Zn biofortified foods/day is needed to achieve a significant effect on Zn status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Juste Contin Gomes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Knudtson JF, Sun F, Coward RM, Hansen KR, Barnhart KT, Smith J, Legro RS, Diamond MP, Krawetz SA, Zhang H, Usadi R, Baker VL, Santoro N, Steiner AZ. The relationship of plasma antioxidant levels to semen parameters: the Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility (MOXI) randomized clinical trial. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:3005-3013. [PMID: 34455507 PMCID: PMC8609082 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The understanding of the role of plasma antioxidant levels in male fertility in the USA is limited. In a secondary analysis of the Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility (MOXI) randomized clinical trial, we sought to determine whether serum levels of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), zinc, and selenium were correlated with semen parameters and couple fertility outcomes. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of the MOXI clinical trial. The primary endpoints in this secondary analysis include semen parameters, and DNA fragmentation and clinical outcomes including pregnancy and live birth. Analyses were completed using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test and linear regression models. RESULTS At baseline, the analysis included plasma labs for vitamin E (n = 131), selenium (n = 124), and zinc (n = 128). All baseline plasma values were in the normal ranges. There was no association between selenium, zinc, or vitamin E levels and semen parameters or DNA fragmentation. Baseline antioxidant levels in the male partners did not predict pregnancy or live birth among all couples. Among those randomized to placebo, baseline male antioxidant levels did not differ between those couples with live birth and those that did not conceive or have a live birth. CONCLUSIONS Among men attending fertility centers in the USA, who have sufficient plasma antioxidant levels of zinc, selenium, or vitamin E, no association was observed between vitamins and semen parameters or clinical outcomes in couples with male infertility. Higher levels of antioxidants among men with circulating antioxidants in the normal range do not appear to confer benefit on semen parameters or male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Knudtson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and Aspire Fertility, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Fangbai Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Matthew Coward
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karl R Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kurt T Barnhart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Smith
- Department of Urology, University of California- San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca Usadi
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Valerie L Baker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Johns Hopkins University, Lutherville, MD, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne Z Steiner
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Golden CD, Koehn JZ, Shepon A, Passarelli S, Free CM, Viana DF, Matthey H, Eurich JG, Gephart JA, Fluet-Chouinard E, Nyboer EA, Lynch AJ, Kjellevold M, Bromage S, Charlebois P, Barange M, Vannuccini S, Cao L, Kleisner KM, Rimm EB, Danaei G, DeSisto C, Kelahan H, Fiorella KJ, Little DC, Allison EH, Fanzo J, Thilsted SH. Aquatic foods to nourish nations. Nature 2021; 598:315-320. [PMID: 34526720 PMCID: PMC10584661 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite contributing to healthy diets for billions of people, aquatic foods are often undervalued as a nutritional solution because their diversity is often reduced to the protein and energy value of a single food type ('seafood' or 'fish')1-4. Here we create a cohesive model that unites terrestrial foods with nearly 3,000 taxa of aquatic foods to understand the future impact of aquatic foods on human nutrition. We project two plausible futures to 2030: a baseline scenario with moderate growth in aquatic animal-source food (AASF) production, and a high-production scenario with a 15-million-tonne increased supply of AASFs over the business-as-usual scenario in 2030, driven largely by investment and innovation in aquaculture production. By comparing changes in AASF consumption between the scenarios, we elucidate geographic and demographic vulnerabilities and estimate health impacts from diet-related causes. Globally, we find that a high-production scenario will decrease AASF prices by 26% and increase their consumption, thereby reducing the consumption of red and processed meats that can lead to diet-related non-communicable diseases5,6 while also preventing approximately 166 million cases of inadequate micronutrient intake. This finding provides a broad evidentiary basis for policy makers and development stakeholders to capitalize on the potential of aquatic foods to reduce food and nutrition insecurity and tackle malnutrition in all its forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Golden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - J Zachary Koehn
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alon Shepon
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Simone Passarelli
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Free
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Marine Sciences Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel F Viana
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Holger Matthey
- Markets and Trade Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Jacob G Eurich
- Marine Sciences Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Abigail J Lynch
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, VA, USA
| | | | - Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Charlebois
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Barange
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Vannuccini
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Ling Cao
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camille DeSisto
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather Kelahan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn J Fiorella
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences and Master of Public Health Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David C Little
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Jessica Fanzo
- Bloomberg School of Public Health and Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA
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Zinc Signaling in the Mammary Gland: For Better and for Worse. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091204. [PMID: 34572390 PMCID: PMC8469023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) plays an essential role in epithelial physiology. Among its many effects, most prominent is its action to accelerate cell proliferation, thereby modulating wound healing. It also mediates affects in the gastrointestinal system, in the testes, and in secretory organs, including the pancreas, salivary, and prostate glands. On the cellular level, Zn2+ is involved in protein folding, DNA, and RNA synthesis, and in the function of numerous enzymes. In the mammary gland, Zn2+ accumulation in maternal milk is essential for supporting infant growth during the neonatal period. Importantly, Zn2+ signaling also has direct roles in controlling mammary gland development or, alternatively, involution. During breast cancer progression, accumulation or redistribution of Zn2+ occurs in the mammary gland, with aberrant Zn2+ signaling observed in the malignant cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of in Zn2+ the mammary gland, and the proteins controlling cellular Zn2+ homeostasis and signaling, including Zn2+ transporters and the Gq-coupled Zn2+ sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39. Significant advances in our understanding of Zn2+ signaling in the normal mammary gland as well as in the context of breast cancer provides new avenues for identification of specific targets for breast cancer therapy.
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Ahmed MH, Hassan A, Molnár J. The Role of Micronutrients to Support Immunity for COVID-19 Prevention. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2021; 31:361-374. [PMID: 34493880 PMCID: PMC8412872 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus, named as SARS-CoV-2, as a global pandemic in early 2020 after the disease spread to more than 180 countries leading to tens of thousands of cases and many deaths within a couple of months. Consequently, this paper aims to summarize the evidence for the relationships between nutrition and the boosting of the immune system in the fight against the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This review, in particular, assesses the impact of vitamin and mineral supplements on the body's defence mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2. The results revealed that there is a strong relationship between the ingestion of biological ingredients like vitamins C-E, and minerals such as zinc, and a reduction in the effects of coronavirus infection. These can be received from either nutrition rich food sources or from vitamin supplements. Furthermore, these macromolecules might have roles to play in boosting the immune response, in the healing process and the recovery time. Hence, we recommend that eating healthy foods rich in vitamins C-E with zinc and flavonoids could boost the immune system and consequently protect the body from serious infections. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar H. Ahmed
- Sisaf Nanotechnology Drug Delivery, Ulster University, Belfast, BT37 0QB UK
| | - Arez Hassan
- School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Judit Molnár
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
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Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element involved in catalytic, structural, and regulatory functions, participating also in the metabolism of nutrients. Its role in insulin resistance appears to be of great importance, as it is involved in oxidative stress, the endocrine regulation of insulin, and the regulation of glucose uptake. For this reason, both intake and serum levels of zinc are inversely related to insulin resistance. Currently, zinc intake in children is low, and zinc deficiency exists in a significant proportion. Zinc can be found in meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Although it certainly is present in foods of plant origin, their high phytate contents generally reduce its bioavailability. For this reason, it is important to monitor intake throughout childhood, and to consider supplementation in children with insulin resistance or obesity.
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Oyagbemi AA, Ajibade TO, Aboua YG, Gbadamosi IT, Adedapo ADA, Aro AO, Adejumobi OA, Thamahane-Katengua E, Omobowale TO, Falayi OO, Oyagbemi TO, Ogunpolu BS, Hassan FO, Ogunmiluyi IO, Ola-Davies OE, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Kayoka-Kabongo PN, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Potential health benefits of zinc supplementation for the management of COVID-19 pandemic. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13604. [PMID: 33458853 PMCID: PMC7995057 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic has created unimaginable and unprecedented global health crisis. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, millions of dollars have been spent, hospitalization overstretched with increasing morbidity and mortality. All these have resulted in unprecedented global economic catastrophe. Several drugs and vaccines are currently being evaluated, tested, and administered in the frantic efforts to stem the dire consequences of COVID-19 with varying degrees of successes. Zinc possesses potential health benefits against COVID-19 pandemic by improving immune response, minimizing infection and inflammation, preventing lung injury, inhibiting viral replication through the interference of the viral genome transcription, protein translation, attachment, and host infectivity. However, this review focuses on the various mechanisms of action of zinc and its supplementation as adjuvant for vaccines an effective therapeutic regimen in the management of the ravaging COVID-19 pandemic. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has brought unprecedented untold hardship to both developing and developed countries. The global race for vaccine development against COVID-19 continues with success in sight with attendant increasing hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Available drugs with anti-inflammatory actions have become alternative to stem the tide of COVID-19 with attendant global financial crises. However, Zinc is known to modulate several physiological functions including intracellular signaling, enzyme function, gustation, and olfaction, as well as reproductive, skeletal, neuronal, and cardiovascular systems. Hence, achieving a significant therapeutic approach against COVID-19 could imply the use of zinc as a supplement together with available drugs and vaccines waiting for emergency authorization to win the battle of COVID-19. Together, it becomes innovative and creative to supplement zinc with currently available drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yapo Guillaume Aboua
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | | | | - Abimbola Obemisola Aro
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Emma Thamahane-Katengua
- Department of Health Information Management, Faculty of Health and Education, Botho University, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Olaide Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Vascular Biology Unit, Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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Tkachenko K, Frontasyeva M, Vasilev A, Avramov L, Shi L. Major and Trace Element Content of Tribulus terrestris L. Wildlife Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1764. [PMID: 33322164 PMCID: PMC7763254 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Tribulus L. (Zygophyllaceae) includes 12 species, the most important of which is Tribulus terrestris L. This annual herb grows in temperate and tropical climates, and has a rich chemical composition of biologically active substances and chemical elements. Medicinal plants, and the phytopreparations obtained from them, are becoming more and more popular in world practice as they are used to successfully treat human diseases. Their therapeutic effect is due to the presence in them, of a variety of natural compounds and biologically important trace elements, especially in higher concentrations present in higher doses. T. terrestris is becoming more and more popular for the treatment of diseases of the human genital area and sexual dysfunctions. The elemental content in the tissues of leaf, flower, and fruit of T. terrestris was determined by using multi-element instrumental epithermal neutron activation analysis. For the first time, 26 essential and trace elements were observed in the plant species collected in Russia (from cultivated) and China (wild growing). It was confirmed that the elemental composition of T. terrestris grass varies depending on the habitat (geographic zones). The place of growth affects the accumulation of elements by the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Tkachenko
- Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Peter the Great Botanical Gardens, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Marina Frontasyeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Atanas Vasilev
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Latchezar Avramov
- Academician Emil Djakov Institute of Electronics of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key laboratory for Plant Resources Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China;
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