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Borum ML. Healthy dietary patterns that include dairy foods can have an important role in addressing health disparities across the life continuum. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:209-210. [PMID: 38365560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Borum
- The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., United States
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Garcia-Carretero R, Vazquez-Gomez O, Gil-Prieto R, Gil-de-Miguel A. Insulin resistance is a cardiovascular risk factor in hypertensive adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024; 136:101-109. [PMID: 37814058 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome refers to the association among several cardiovascular risk factors: obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is the underlying mechanism of metabolic syndrome, although its role in increased cardiovascular risk has not been directly identified. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk in hypertensive adults without diabetes mellitus. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS We enrolled participants without diabetes from an outpatient setting in a retrospective, longitudinal study. Several demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were recorded during the observation period. Plasma insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were used to determine insulin resistance and four cardiovascular events (acute coronary disease, acute cerebrovascular disease, incident heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality) were combined into a single outcome. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to evaluate the association between covariates and outcomes. RESULTS We included 1899 hypertensive adults without diabetes with an average age of 53 years (51.3% women, 23% had prediabetes, and 64.2% had metabolic syndrome). In a logistic regression analysis, male sex (odds ratio, OR = 1.66) having high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL, OR = 1.01), kidney function (OR = 0.97), and HOMA-IR (OR = 1.06) were associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events; however, in a survival multivariate analysis, only HOMA-IR (hazard ratio, HR 1.4, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.05-1.87, p = 0.02) and body mass index (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.08, p = 0.002) were considered independent prognostic variables for the development of incident cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance and obesity are useful for assessing cardiovascular risk in hypertensive people without diabetes but with preserved kidney function. This work demonstrates the predictive value of the measurement of insulin, and therefore of insulin resistance, in an outpatient setting and attending to high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Garcia-Carretero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mostoles University Hospital, Rey Juan Carlos University (Madrid), Calle Rio Jucar, s/n, 28935, Mostoles (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Oscar Vazquez-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mostoles University Hospital, Rey Juan Carlos University (Madrid), Calle Rio Jucar, s/n, 28935, Mostoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ruth Gil-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University (Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gil-de-Miguel
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University (Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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da Silva TBP, Luiz MM, Delinocente MLB, Steptoe A, de Oliveira C, Alexandre TDS. Is Abdominal Obesity a Risk Factor for the Incidence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Deficiency in Older Adults? Evidence from the ELSA Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194164. [PMID: 36235815 PMCID: PMC9572900 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an association between abdominal obesity, determined by waist circumference (WC), and vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency in older adults. However, longitudinal evidence is based only on general obesity determined using body mass index (BMI). We investigated whether abdominal obesity is associated with the incidence of 25(OH)D insufficiency (>30 and ≤50 nmol/L) and deficiency (≤30 nmol/L), and whether vitamin D supplementation modifies these associations. We included 2459 participants aged ≥50 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) with 25(OH)D sufficiency (>50 nmol/L) at baseline. Abdominal obesity was defined as >88 cm for women and >102 cm for men. After 4 years, 25(OH)D concentrations were reassessed. Multinomial logistic regression models controlled by covariates were performed. Abdominal obesity increased the risk of the incidence of 25(OH)D insufficiency (RRR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01−1.83) and deficiency (RRR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.05−2.58). These risks were maintained when excluding individuals who took vitamin D supplementation (RRR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02−1.88) and (RRR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.02−2.56). Abdominal obesity is associated with the risk of incidence of low 25(OH)D concentrations. WC seems to be an adequate tool for screening individuals with obesity and at potential risk of developing these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Barros Pereira da Silva
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane Marques Luiz
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maicon Luís Bicigo Delinocente
- Postgraduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tiago da Silva Alexandre
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, SP-310, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-16-3306-6671
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought severe challenges to global public health. Many studies have shown that obesity plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of COVID-19. Obesity exacerbates COVID-19, leading to increased intensive care unit hospitalization rate, high demand for invasive mechanical ventilation, and high mortality. The mechanisms of interaction between obesity and COVID-19 involve inflammation, immune response, changes in pulmonary dynamics, disruptions of receptor ligands, and dysfunction of endothelial cells. Therefore, for obese patients with COVID-19, the degree of obesity and related comorbidities should be evaluated. Treatment methods such as administration of anticoagulants and anti-inflammatory drugs like glucocorticoids and airway management should be actively initiated. We should also pay attention to long-term prognosis and vaccine immunity and actively address the physical and psychological problems caused by longterm staying-at-home during the pandemic. The present study summarized the research to investigate the role of obesity in the incidence and progression of COVID-19 and the psychosocial impact and treatment options for obese patients with COVID-19, to guide the understanding and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, China
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, China
| | - Jingyi Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, China
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Micronutrient Deficiency as a Confounder in Ascertaining the Role of Obesity in Severe COVID-19 Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031125. [PMID: 35162148 PMCID: PMC8834257 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Food insecurity in the United States has been exacerbated due to the socioeconomic strain of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Populations experiencing poverty and, as a consequence, food insecurity in the United States are disproportionately affected by obesity, which was identified early in the pandemic as a major risk factor for increased susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and mortality. Given the focus on obesity and its role in immune dysregulation, it is also important to note the role of micronutrient deficiency, another sequalae of food insecurity. Micronutrients play an important role in the ability of the immune system to mount an appropriate response. Moreover, OBESE individuals are more likely to be micronutrient deficient. This review will explore the role of micronutrients, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, and zinc in respiratory immunity and COVID-19 and how micronutrient deficiency may be a possible confounder in obesity’s association with severe outcomes. By illuminating the role of micronutrients in COVID-19, this paper expands the discussion from food insecurity and obesity to include micronutrient deficiency and how all of these interact in respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19.
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Amirkhizi F, Pishdadian A, Asghari S, Hamedi-Shahraki S. Vitamin D status is favorably associated with the cardiovascular risk factors in adults with obesity. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:232-239. [PMID: 34857202 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous investigations have been indicated that vitamin D deficiency is an amendable risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general populations. Limited data is available concerning the relationship of vitamin D status and risk factors of CVD in the individuals with obesity and the existing data are highly controversial. We investigated whether serum vitamin D situation is related to multiple traditional CVD risk factors in Iranian obese subjects. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done among 214 Iranian adults with obesity (94 males and 120 females) aged 20-60 years, who attended the specialized outpatient clinics in Zabol city. Participants were categorized as vitamin D sufficient, insufficient, and deficient according to their serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Afterward, the presence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as diabetes, hypertension, and high serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as CVD risk factors were evaluated in the participants. RESULTS There was a noticeable regular trend regarding hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.008), high LDL-C (p = 0.024), hypertension (p = 0.021), and high hs-CRP (p < 0.0001) across various categories of vitamin D status. In adjusted model, vitamin D-deficient subjects were at higher risk for having hypercholesterolemia (OR: 3.22, p = 0.031), high LDL-C (OR: 2.37, p = 0.047), hypertension (OR: 2.32, p = 0.042), and high hs-CRP (OR: 5.49, p = 0.001) than ones with sufficient vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency in obese subjects was found to be strongly related to higher risk of unfavorable lipid profile, hypertension, and high hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Amirkhizi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Abbas Pishdadian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Asghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Hamedi-Shahraki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
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Poopedi MA, Norris SA, Pettifor JM. Is vitamin D status associated with non-communicable disease risk in children? A cohort study. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1976608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Machuene A Poopedi
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- current address: School of Medicine and Public Health Medicine, Pietersburg Hospital, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John M Pettifor
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Yan T, Xiao R, Wang N, Shang R, Lin G. Obesity and severe coronavirus disease 2019: molecular mechanisms, paths forward, and therapeutic opportunities. Theranostics 2021; 11:8234-8253. [PMID: 34373739 PMCID: PMC8343994 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears to have higher pathogenicity among patients with obesity. Obesity, termed as body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2, has now been demonstrated to be important comorbidity for disease severity during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated with adverse events. Unraveling mechanisms behind this phenomenon can assist scientists, clinicians, and policymakers in responding appropriately to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we systemically delineated the potential mechanistic links between obesity and worsening COVID-19 from altered physiology, underlying diseases, metabolism, immunity, cytokine storm, and thrombosis. Problematic ventilation caused by obesity and preexisting medical disorders exacerbate organ dysfunction for patients with obesity. Chronic metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, vitamin D deficiency, and polymorphisms of metabolism-related genes in obesity, probably aid SARS-CoV-2 intrusion and impair antiviral responses. Obesity-induced inadequate antiviral immunity (interferon, natural killer cells, invariant natural killer T cell, dendritic cell, T cells, B cell) at the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to delayed viral elimination, increased viral load, and expedited viral mutation. Cytokine storm, with the defective antiviral immunity, probably contributes to tissue damage and pathological progression, resulting in severe symptoms and poor prognosis. The prothrombotic state, driven in large part by endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivation, hypercoagulability, and impaired fibrinolysis in obesity, also increases the risk of severe COVID-19. These mechanisms in the susceptibility to severe condition also open the possibility for host-directed therapies in population with obesity. By bridging work done in these fields, researchers can gain a holistic view of the paths forward and therapeutic opportunities to break the vicious cycle of obesity and its devastating complications in the next emerging pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Yan
- Military Burn Center, the 990th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Military Burn Center, the 990th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Military Burn Center, the 990th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Ruoyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoan Lin
- Military Burn Center, the 990th Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Zhumadian, Henan, China
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Al Shaikh A, Farahat F, Abaalkhail B, Kaddam I, Aseri K, Al Saleh Y, Al Qarni A, Al Shuaibi A, Tamimi W. Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight among School-Aged Children in Saudi Arabia and Its Association with Vitamin D Status. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020133. [PMID: 33525269 PMCID: PMC7927516 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a significant global public health problem. Worldwide data showed an increasing trend over the years. We aimed to explore the prevalence of obesity, and its association with vitamin D status. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from 2016 to 2017. The study included 3613 schoolchildren aged 6-19 years in the western, central, and eastern regions in Saudi Arabia. Anthropometric data including age, sex and body mass index (BMI) was collected and the serum 25OH- vitamin D (25OHD) was measured. Age-sex standardized BMI Z-scores using the 2007 World Health Organization growth standards were applied. RESULTS Data from 3613 school-aged children (females = 51.8%), with equal percentage of participants from each region were analyzed. Prevalence of obesity and overweight was estimated at 7.1% and 14.4% respectively. An increasing trend was detected with age (p: 0.006). Obesity started to increase at the age of 10 years and continued to increase until 19 years. Most of the obese children (64.2%) had deficient vitamin D levels, compared to 33.7% of them with suboptimal levels and only 2.0% with optimal levels (p: <0.001). CONCLUSIONS This large cohort study revealed a high prevalence (21.5%) of obesity and overweight in school children aged between 6-19 years with increasing trend with age. Children with high BMI showed extremely high prevalence of VDD and VDI. These findings are alarming and point to the need for effective national interventions that include improving and encouraging access to physical activity and exposure to sunlight, educational activities for students, parents, and schoolteachers and possible enrichment of staple food with vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Al Shaikh
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | - Yousef Al Saleh
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences - Riyadh.
| | - Ali Al Qarni
- Al Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, MNGHA - Dammam.
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Chen L, Dong Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Zhu H. Epigenetics Predicts Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D 3 Supplementation in African Americans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 64:e1900738. [PMID: 31667917 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The effects of vitamin D3 supplementations on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] are varied. The hypothesis that the baseline DNA methylation plays a role in the serum 25(OH)D response to vitamin D3 supplementation is tested. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized clinical trial is first conducted among 64 African Americans, who are randomly assigned to a placebo or a 16-week treatment of 600, 2000, and 4000 IU d-1 of vitamin D3 supplements. Expected serum 25(OH)D concentrations at posttest are estimated by intervention, age, gender, body mass index, baseline 25(OH)D concentrations, and seasonal variations. The 25(OH)D response is categorized into a high-response group when the actual 25(OH)D concentrations at posttest are higher than expected, and a low-response group otherwise. The 25(OH)D response is associated with baseline methylation levels of CYP family and VDR genes (raw p < 0.05). At a genome-wide level, the baseline methylation level of cg07873128 (OSBPL5) that regulates cholesterol balance and calcium homeostasis is higher in the low-response group (false discovery rate = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS The baseline methylation levels of CYP family and VDR modulate 25(OH)D response. In addition, the hypermethylation of cg07873128 at the baseline, which is located in the imprinted gene OSBPL5, may reduce the serum 25(OH)D response to vitamin D3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, USA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, USA
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, USA
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11
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The Impact of Obesity on the Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102458. [PMID: 31615154 PMCID: PMC6835874 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its modification in the presence of obesity. Despite the strong association between vitamin D status and cardiovascular outcomes, vitamin D supplementation trials in the general population have failed to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality. A comprehensive study of the published literature and a comparison with experimental data lead to the conclusion that obesity, due to its high prevalence and strong association with both vitamin D deficiency and CVD, may act as a critical confounder, which is responsible for the different results on this association. Adoption of a vitamin D preventive supplementation strategy for CVD is unlikely to yield any benefit to the general population. However, it might be particularly useful in obese adults with increased risk for CVD.
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12
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Gu JK, Charles LE, Millen AE, Violanti JM, Ma CC, Jenkins E, Andrew ME. Associations between adiposity measures and 25-hydroxyvitamin D among police officers. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23274. [PMID: 31565838 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies show that serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a biomarker for vitamin D status, are lower in persons with higher adiposity levels and that police officers have been found to have a high prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between several adiposity measures and 25(OH)D, and also compare those measures to determine the best one that predicts insufficiency of 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) among police officers in the Northeast area of the United States. METHODS Participants were 281 police officers (71.5% men) from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study (2011-2016). Associations of body mass index (BMI), abdominal height (AbHt), waist circumference (WC), WC-to-height ratio (WCHtR), percent body fat (PBF), and fat mass index (FMI) with 25(OH)D were obtained using multiple regression models after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, season, multivitamin supplement use, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of each adiposity measure to identify insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was 50.7% in men and 21.3% in women. Mean levels of 25(OH)D were 32.4 ng/mL in men and 34.4 ng/mL in women. After adjustment for covariates, PBF and FMI among men were inversely associated with 25(OH)D: PBF (β ± SE = -2.40 ± 1.01, P = .018); FMI (-2.21 ± 0.93, .018). Among women, no adiposity measure was associated with 25(OH)D. PBF was the best predictor of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations regardless of gender (AUC = 0.878). CONCLUSION Adiposity measures were inversely associated with 25(OH)D, but differed between female and male officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja K Gu
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Luenda E Charles
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Claudia C Ma
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Emily Jenkins
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalylics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Khan AH, Fatima SS, Raheem A, Jafri L. Are serum leptin levels predicted by lipoproteins, vitamin D and body composition? World J Diabetes 2019; 10:260-268. [PMID: 31040902 PMCID: PMC6475708 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i4.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both obesity and vitamin D deficiency are important health issues in Pakistan. The connection between body composition, Vitamin D and leptin in young adults is important to be studied as body composition may affect bone health and therefore the possibility of osteoporosis in later life. Few studies have attempted to investigate the effect of body composition and leptin with vitamin D in adolescence.
AIM To investigate the association of serum leptin with body composition, lipids and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in adults.
METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 apparently healthy adults. Demographics were recorded, bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed and clinical history noted. Serum leptin was measured using DIA source kit on ELISA and total 25OHD was measured on ADVIA-Centaur; Siemens. Total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were quantified using Enzymatic Endpoint Method and Cholesterol Oxidase-Phenol Aminophenazone method respectively. Biochemical analysis was done in the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan.
RESULTS Median age of the group (n = 167) was 20 years (IQR 27-20); 55.7% were females. Majority (89.2%, n = 149) of the study group was 25OHD deficient, 6% (n = 10) had insufficient serum 25OHD levels and 4.8% (n = 8) had sufficient D levels. Females, had higher median leptin levels [2.71 (IQR 4.76-1.66 ng/mL)] compared to their counterparts [1.3 (3.60-0.54 ng/mL), P < 0.01]. Multiple regression analysis suggested that basal metabolic rate, muscle mass, body fat percent, bone mass and serum 25OHD were the most contributing factors to serum leptin levels. Bone mass and serum 25OHD in fact bore a negative correlation with leptin.
CONCLUSION The results indicate that basal metabolic rate, muscle mass, body fat percent, bone mass and serum 25OHD have an impact on serum leptin. Being a cross sectional study causal relationship between leptin and other variables could not be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Habib Khan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sadia Fatima
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Raheem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Lena Jafri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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14
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Pantovic A, Zec M, Zekovic M, Obrenovic R, Stankovic S, Glibetic M. Vitamin D Is Inversely Related to Obesity: Cross-Sectional Study in a Small Cohort of Serbian Adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:405-414. [PMID: 30633650 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1538828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Vitamin D (vitD) mediates numerous health conditions other than bone health and mineralization. Its role in cardiometabolic condition is still inconclusive. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 87 apparently healthy Serbian adults. We assessed their dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, blood pressure, and vitD status (as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D). Unexpectedly, the status was significantly higher in January than in July. Therefore, we pooled the data from two time points, to enhance the statistical power for carrying out association analyses. We employed linear regression models to evaluate the associations between vitD status and the obesity biomarkers of serum lipids and blood pressure. Results: Mean vitD intake of 3.85 ± 4.71 μg in the cohort was below recommended. Of the subjects in the pooled cohort, 60.58% were vitD deficient (with serum 25(OH)D below 50 nmol/L), with the majority of them being women who were overweight. VitD status tended to be inversely related to percent body fat and waist/height ratio in the crude regression model. After age and gender adjustment, the status was significantly related to waist circumference, waist/height ratio, and waist/hip ratio (β = -0.116, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.206, -0.025, β = -0.001, 95% CI: -0.001, 0.000, and β = -0.001, 95% CI: -0.001, 0.000, respectively). These associations remained only within women. Fully adjusted models supported the notion of vitD being independently associated with central adiposity, regardless of age, gender, and total obesity. Conclusions: In apparently healthy adults with low vitD intake, vitD status was inversely associated with obesity parameters, pronouncedly in women. Our data support the need for development and implementation of public health policies on increasing vitD intake also as part of obesity management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pantovic
- a Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , University of Belgrade , Beograd , Serbia
| | - Manja Zec
- a Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , University of Belgrade , Beograd , Serbia
| | - Milica Zekovic
- a Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , University of Belgrade , Beograd , Serbia
| | - Radmila Obrenovic
- b Centre of Medical Biochemistry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- b Centre of Medical Biochemistry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Maria Glibetic
- a Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , University of Belgrade , Beograd , Serbia
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15
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Wieder-Huszla S, Jurczak A, Szkup M, Barczak K, Dołęgowska B, Schneider-Matyka D, Owsianowska J, Grochans E. Relationships between Vitamin D₃ and Metabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E175. [PMID: 30634516 PMCID: PMC6352038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing number of overweight and obese individuals is an alarming global problem; these conditions are risk factors for the development of health problems such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), type-2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies have suggested that vitamin D₃ deficiency plays a role in the pathogenesis of MetS. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between MetS and vitamin D₃ levels in women. Laboratory analysis demonstrated that only 26.89% of the participants had vitamin D₃ levels close to normal, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) measurements revealed android obesity in 75.63% of the women. The menstruating women more often suffered from vitamin D₃ deficiency, and less often had elevated vitamin D₃ levels. The conclusions are as follows: (1) There were no statistically significant relationships between vitamin D₃ levels and MetS parameters, namely the level of triglycerides, the levels of low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), the level of total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Vitamin D deficiency was only observed in the women with abdominal obesity. (2) Low vitamin D₃ levels were typical of perimenopausal women. Age was a variable correlating with vitamin D. (3) The presence of menstrual cycles was an important contributor to vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more common in the menstruating women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wieder-Huszla
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szkup
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Daria Schneider-Matyka
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Owsianowska
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
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16
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Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112503. [PMID: 30413103 PMCID: PMC6266977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a globally important problem, particularly in children, but there is a lack of information regarding this deficiency in preschool children from southeastern Europe. This study aimed to establish the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and associations of gender, time spent outdoors, physical activity (PA), and body mass index (as predictors) with the 25(OH)D level (outcome) in healthy preschool children. The participants were preschoolers (all 5⁻6 years of age) from southern Croatia. All the participants were tested during their mandatory medical examination 6⁻7 months prior to school enrollment. The PA was obtained using the preschool-age physical activity questionnaire (Pre-PAQ), which categorizes PA into five levels (from sedentary to vigorous PA). The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was high: 58% of the children had 25(OH)D levels of <50 nmol/L (deficiency), and an additional 29% had an insufficient level of 25(OH)D (50⁻75 nmol/L). Boys had higher levels of 25(OH)D than girls. A multinomial regression using 25(OH)D categories as the outcome and a sufficient level (>75 nmol/L) as the reference value identified gender as the only significant predictor of 25(OH)D status, with boys being at lower risk for 25(OH)D deficiency than girls. These results showed a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in preschoolers from the southern part of Croatia, which is additionally alarming based on the geographical position of the studied region (42° N) and its high number of sunshine hours (>2600 h per year). Future studies examining other potential correlates of 25(OH)D in the region are warranted.
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17
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Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. Body Mass Index, Vitamin D, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091182. [PMID: 30154381 PMCID: PMC6164132 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deficiency of vitamin D is prevalent all over the world. Studies have shown that vitamin D may play an important role in the development of obesity. The current study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the association between serum 25-(OH) vitamin D levels and the risk of obesity in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was carried out for that purpose. We searched the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases throughout all of March 2018. A total of fifty five observational studies for both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were finally included in the meta-analysis. The data were analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software version 3 and the random effects model was used to analyze the data. The meta-analysis showed an overall inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and body mass index (BMI) in studies of both diabetic (r = −0.173, 95% = −0.241 to −0.103, p = 0.000) and non-diabetic (r = −0.152, 95% = −0.187 to −0.116, p = 0.000) subjects. The evidence of publication bias was not found in this meta-analysis. In conclusion, the deficiency of vitamin D is associated with an increased level of BMI in the studies of both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Reliable evidence from well-designed future randomized controlled trials is required to confirm the findings from observational studies and to find out the potential regulatory effects of vitamin D supplementation to lower BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Rafiq
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
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18
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Nikolova M, Boyanov M, Tsakova A. CORRELATIONS OF SERUM VITAMIN D WITH METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN ADULT OUTPATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF OVERWEIGHT / OBESITY COMING FROM AN URBAN COMMUNITY. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2018; 14:375-383. [PMID: 31149286 PMCID: PMC6525776 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the correlations between serum 25(OH) vitamin D and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in adult outpatients of both sexes with different BMI coming from an urban community. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 264 subjects referred for obesity assessment participated - 109 men and 155 women (20-60 years). Body weight and height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure were recorded. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) on a Tanita BC 420 MA analyzer (Tanita Inc., Japan). Serum 25(OH)D Total, Insulin, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood glucose, total, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. The insulin resistance index was calculated (HOMA-IR). Participants with BMI>25.0 kg/m2 underwent standard 75 g OGTT. Statistical analysis was performed on an IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 for Windows platform (Chicago, IL). RESULTS Normal weight was found in 27.2 % of the participants, 24.6 % had overweight, 29.2 % -class I obesity, and 18.9 % - class II or III. Vitamin D was weakly and inversely correlated to different variables in the whole group - such as weight, WC, WC/Height, % body fat and HOMA-IR index (r=-0.231, -0.283, -0.307, -0.339, -0.328 respectively, all p<0.001). Building subgroups based on BMI led to loss of significance. Backward analysis revealed Total-C/LDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as strongest predictors of serum vitamin D (p=0.001; R2=0.204). CONCLUSION The association of vitamin D with blood pressure, plasma lipids, glucose and insulin is very weak on an individual level. However, several obesity indices (WC, WC/height ratio, % Body fat from BIA) might be used as a screening tool for subjects at risk for vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Nikolova
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M.A. Boyanov
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A.D. Tsakova
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Clinical Immunology, “Aleksandrovska” University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Central Clinical Laboratory, Sofia, Bulgaria
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19
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Jia C, Yang Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Chen H, Wu W, Cheng H, Xue J. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels: Related to Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index in Hypertensive Seniors. INT J GERONTOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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20
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Vitamin D supplementation and body fat mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1345-1357. [PMID: 29563638 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in obese is lower than normal weight subjects; however, results of studies that investigated relationship between 25(OH)D and fat mass are inconsistent. In addition, several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have studied the influence of cholecalciferol supplement on percentage fat mass (PFM) but their results are conflicting. The objectives were to investigate the association between vitamin D3 and PFM pooling together observational studies and RCTs. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus were comprehensively searched from inception to September 2016. The Fisher's Z (SE) of correlation coefficient and mean (SD) of changes in PFM from baseline were used to perform meta-analysis in observational studies and RCTs, respectively. To determine potential source of heterogeneity, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Pooling correlation coefficients showed an inverse association between PFM (Fisher's Z: - 0.24, 95% CI: - 0.30 to -0 .18) and FM (Fisher's Z: - 0.32, 95% CI: - 0.43 to - 0.22) and 25(OH)D. Subgroup analysis revealed continent but not gender influence on the effect size. Meta-regression analysis indicated that age, latitude, and longitude are not sources of heterogeneity. Combining trials showed vitamin D3 supplementation had a mild but insignificant effect on PFM (- 0.31%, 95% CI: - 1.07 to 0.44). Subgroup analyses indicated that type of cholecalciferol and treatment regimens explain source of heterogeneity. Age, baseline body mass index, dose of cholecalciferol, length of study, female (%), and baseline 25(OH)D are not source of heterogeneity. In conclusion, our results state that 25(OH)D level is inversely correlated with PFM but cholecalciferol supplementation had no effect on PFM.
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21
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Fortified yogurt with vitamin D as a cost-effective food to prevent diabetes: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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22
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Sajjadi SF, Mirzaei K, Khorrami-Nezhad L, Maghbooli Z, Keshavarz SA. Vitamin D Status and Resting Metabolic Rate May Modify through Expression of Vitamin D Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 Alpha Gene in Overweight and Obese Adults. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 72:43-49. [PMID: 29258108 DOI: 10.1159/000485662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting metabolic rate (RMR) used to prognosticate and measure the amount of energy required. Vitamin D is known as a new predictor of RMR. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between vitamin D effects on RMR in connection with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) gene expression. METHODS We enrolled 298 overweight and obese adults in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat-free mass, insulin level, visceral fat, and vitamin D status were assessed. RMR was measured by means of indirect calorimetry. The real-time polymerase chain reaction using specific primer pairs for VDR and PGC-1α was performed. RESULTS There were significant differences in terms of fat free mass, fat percentage, insulin levels, RMR/kg body weight, and RMR/BMI, VDR, and PGC-1α among participants were categorized based on the vitamin D status. But after using general linear model for adjusting, all significant results missed their effectiveness except RMR/kg body weight and VDR. Linear regression analysis used to show the mediatory role of VDR and PGC-1α on the RMR/kg body weight and vitamin D status relationship. Our results showed that VDR had a mediatory effect on the relationship between RMR/kg body weight and vitamin D status (β = 0.38, 95% CI -0.48 to 1.60; β = -1.24, 95% CI -5.36 to 1.70). However, PGC-1α did not affect the relationship between RMR/kg body weight and vitamin D status (β = 0.50, 95% CI = -0.02 to 3.42; β = 0.59, 95% CI 0.14-3.90). CONCLUSION Our study showed the mediatory effect of VDR gene expression in the association of 25(OH)2D plasma levels and resting metabolic rate among obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Forough Sajjadi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrine Diseases and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khorrami-Nezhad
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrine Diseases and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhila Maghbooli
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrine Diseases and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Piantanida E, Gallo D, Veronesi G, Dozio E, Trotti E, Lai A, Ippolito S, Sabatino J, Tanda ML, Toniolo A, Ferrario M, Bartalena L. Cardiometabolic healthy and unhealthy obesity: does vitamin D play a role? Endocr Connect 2017; 6:943-951. [PMID: 29089365 PMCID: PMC5717541 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this observational study was to clarify the link between vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people with visceral obesity. DESIGN AND METHODS One hundred ninety-six consecutive patients (152 women; mean age 51 ± 13 years) with visceral obesity (mean body weight 103 ± 20 kg, mean waist circumference (WC) 119 ± 13 cm) were enrolled at the Obesity Outpatient Clinic of the University of Insubria in Varese. Anthropometric measurements were recorded. Laboratory tests, including vitamin D (25(OH)D)), fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, liver and kidney function tests were assessed. Vitamin D status was defined according to the European Society of Endocrinology guidelines, MetS to the 2009 harmonized definition. RESULTS An inverse association emerged among 25(OH)D, body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.001) and WC (all P = 0.003). Serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely related to FBG and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (respectively, P = 0.01 and 0.02). Median serum 25(OH)D levels were 13.3 ng/mL (CI 95% 12; 15) in MetS and 16 ng/mL (CI 95% 14; 18) (P = 0.01) in non-MetS patients. Among patients with MetS, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were related to higher risk of hypertension (HT) (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, CI 95%, 0.7;4) and hyperglycemia (IFG)/type 2 diabetes (OR 5.5, CI 95% 2; 14). CONCLUSION Vitamin D status and MetS are inversely correlated in visceral obesity, particularly with regard to glucose homeostasis and BP. More extensive studies are required to investigate the potential for causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Piantanida
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED)University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dozio
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eugenia Trotti
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Adriana Lai
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Ippolito
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jessica Sabatino
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Toniolo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrario
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED)University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi Bartalena
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Savastano S, Barrea L, Savanelli MC, Nappi F, Di Somma C, Orio F, Colao A. Low vitamin D status and obesity: Role of nutritionist. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:215-225. [PMID: 28229265 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low vitamin D status and obesity have concomitantly reached epidemic levels worldwide. Up to now the direction of the association between low vitamin D status and obesity, the exact mechanisms responsible for this association and the clinical usefulness to increase vitamin D status for reducing adiposity still warrant further evaluation. The aim of the present review was to examine the current evidence linking low vitamin D status and obesity in relation to the role of the nutritionist. On the one side, considering obesity as a causal factor, low sun exposure in obese individuals due to their sedentary lifestyle and less outdoor activity, vitamin D sequestration in adipose tissue, and volumetric dilution of ingested or cutaneously synthesized vitamin D3 in the large fat mass of obese patients, might represent some of the factors playing a major role in the pathogenesis of the low vitamin D status. On the other side, the expression of both vitamin D3 receptors and enzymes responsible for vitamin D3 metabolism in adipocytes depicted a role for the low vitamin D status per se in the development of obesity by modulating adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Nutritionists need to accurately address the aspects influencing the low vitamin D status in obesity and the vitamin D supplementation in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- I.O.S. & COLEMAN Srl, 80011 Acerra, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, "Parthenope" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Cimini FA, Barchetta I, Carotti S, Bertoccini L, Baroni MG, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Cavallo MG, Morini S. Relationship between adipose tissue dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency and the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3407-3417. [PMID: 28596677 PMCID: PMC5442077 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i19.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood. Over the years many studies have proposed various pathophysiological hypotheses, among which the currently most widely accepted is the “multiple parallel hits” theory. According to this model, lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes and insulin resistance increase the vulnerability of the liver to many factors that act in a coordinated and cooperative manner to promote hepatic injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Among these factors, adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent chronic low grade inflammation play a crucial role. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exerts an immune-regulating action on adipose tissue, and the growing wealth of epidemiological data is demonstrating that hypovitaminosis D is associated with both obesity and NAFLD. Furthermore, given the strong association between these conditions, current findings suggest that vitamin D may be involved in the relationship between adipose tissue dysfunction and NAFLD. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in relation to adipose tissue dysfunction, and in the pathophysiology linking vitamin D deficiency with NAFLD and adiposity, together with an overview of the evidence available on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in cases of NAFLD.
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Ilinčić B, Stokić E, Stošić Z, Kojić NE, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Isenovic ER. Vitamin D status and circulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in non-diabetic obese individuals: a pilot study. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:53-60. [PMID: 28144255 PMCID: PMC5206365 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.61812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and inadequate vitamin D status are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the associations between vitamin D status (i.e. serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)), biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (i.e. serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin)), inflammatory markers (i.e. high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen) and cardiometabolic risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) non-diabetic adults (mean age: 36.2 ±5.4 years) without pre-existing cardiovascular abnormalities and 25 clinically healthy, normal weight and age-matched individuals were included. Anthropometric parameters, markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, and serum levels of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers were assessed in all subjects. RESULTS The mean serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the obese group than in controls (33.5 ±15.2 vs. 60.1 ±23.1 nmol/l; p < 0.001). In the obese group, sE-selectin (36.4 (32.1-47.2) vs. 32.4 (24.6-35.5) ng/ml, p < 0.05) and hsCRP (6.0 ±3.4 vs. 3.5 ±1.0 mg/l, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in individuals with lower than median vitamin D levels (i.e. 31 nmol/l) compared with those with higher vitamin D levels. In multivariable linear regression analysis, hsCRP (β = -0.43; p < 0.001) and sE-selectin (β = -0.30; p = 0.03) were independently and significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in the obese group. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D levels may be related to increased levels of biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in obese non-diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Ilinčić
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Edita Stokić
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Stošić
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nevena Eremić Kojić
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Institute Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang X, Chang X, Zhu Y, Wang H, Sun K. Metabolically Obese Individuals of Normal Weight Have a High Risk of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency. Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Oliai Araghi S, van Dijk SC, Ham AC, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Enneman AW, Sohl E, Swart KMA, van der Zwaluw NL, van Wijngaarden JP, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, van Schoor NM, Zillikens MC, Lips P, de Groot L, Uitterlinden AG, van der Velde N. BMI and Body Fat Mass Is Inversely Associated with Vitamin D Levels in Older Individuals. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:980-5. [PMID: 26624208 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between obesity (measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) and fat percentage) and serum 25(OH)D levels in older persons. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of data from 'the B-PROOF study' (B-vitamins for the Prevention Of Osteoporotic Fractures). PARTICIPANTS 2842 participants aged 65 years and older. MEASUREMENTS BMI and fat percentage, measured by Dual Energy X-ray, and serum 25(OH)D levels. RESULTS Mean age was 74 years (6.5 SD), with 50% women. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 55.8 nmol/L (25 SD). BMI and total body fat percentage were significant inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D levels after adjustment for confouders (β-0.93; 95% CI [-1.15; -0.71], p<0.001 and β-0.84; 95% CI [-1.04; -0.64], p<0.001). This association was most prominent in individuals with a BMI in the 'overweight' and 'obesity' range (β -1.25 and -0.96 respectively) and fat percentage in the last two upper quartiles (β-1.86 and -1.37 respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, higher BMI and higher body fat percentage were significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D levels in older persons. This association was particularly present in individuals with overweight, and higher fat percentages, suggesting that these persons are at increased risk of vitamin D insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oliai Araghi
- Nathalie van der Velde, PhD, MD, Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, P.O. Box 2040; 3000 CA Rotterdam; the Netherlands, Phone: +31 10 70 35979 ; Fax: +31 10 70 34768;
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de Souza WN, Norde MM, Oki É, Rogero MM, Marchioni DML, Fisberg RM, Martini LA. Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and inflammatory biomarker levels in a cross-sectional population-based study, São Paulo, Brazil. Nutr Res 2015; 36:1-8. [PMID: 26773775 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Besides the classic vitamin D function on bone homeostasis, there are bodies of evidence showing that adequate status of vitamin D can modulate inflammation. We hypothesized that higher plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) would correlate with lower plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and soluble adhesion molecules and higher plasma levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. We included all adults (age, 20-59 years) of the population-based, cross-sectional study, Health Survey-São Paulo, conducted in São Paulo (Brazil) in the study (n = 281). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure measurements, and a fasting blood sample were collected by trained fieldworkers. Serum 25(OH)D concentration, plasma inflammatory biomarker levels (C-reactive protein, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor [TNF] α, IL-12p70, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), and plasma blood lipid parameters were evaluated. The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy (<50 nmol/L) was 65.5%. Inadequate participants were younger, with lower body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with individuals adequate for vitamin D status. After adjustment, plasma concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was statistically higher among adequate participants. Stratifying for BMI categories, a negative association was observed between plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels and serum 25(OH)D concentration in normal-weight participants, whereas a negative association was detected between plasma adiponectin level and serum 25(OH)D concentration in overweight participants. The present findings suggest that BMI interacts with serum 25(OH)D levels, modulating inflammatory response and affecting plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and adiponectin levels. These data indicate that BMI plays a determinant role in the vitamin D-inflammation axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wysllenny N de Souza
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina M Norde
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érica Oki
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirce M L Marchioni
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina M Fisberg
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia A Martini
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Franco-Lira M, D'Angiulli A, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Blaurock-Busch E, Busch Y, Chao CK, Thompson C, Mukherjee PS, Torres-Jardón R, Perry G. Mexico City normal weight children exposed to high concentrations of ambient PM2.5 show high blood leptin and endothelin-1, vitamin D deficiency, and food reward hormone dysregulation versus low pollution controls. Relevance for obesity and Alzheimer disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:579-592. [PMID: 26037109 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Millions of Mexico, US and across the world children are overweight and obese. Exposure to fossil-fuel combustion sources increases the risk for obesity and diabetes, while long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above US EPA standards is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mexico City Metropolitan Area children are chronically exposed to PM2.5 and O3 concentrations above the standards and exhibit systemic, brain and intrathecal inflammation, cognitive deficits, and Alzheimer disease neuropathology. We investigated adipokines, food reward hormones, endothelial dysfunction, vitamin D and apolipoprotein E (APOE) relationships in 80 healthy, normal weight 11.1±3.2 year olds matched by age, gender, BMI and SES, low (n: 26) versus high (n:54) PM2.5 exposures. Mexico City children had higher leptin and endothelin-1 (p<0.01 and p<0.000), and decreases in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP 1), ghrelin, and glucagon (<0.02) versus controls. BMI and leptin relationships were significantly different in low versus high PM2.5 exposed children. Mexico City APOE 4 versus 3 children had higher glucose (p=0.009). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<30 ng/mL was documented in 87% of Mexico City children. Leptin is strongly positively associated to PM 2.5 cumulative exposures. Residing in a high PM2.5 and O3 environment is associated with 12h fasting hyperleptinemia, altered appetite-regulating peptides, vitamin D deficiency, and increases in ET-1 in clinically healthy children. These changes could signal the future trajectory of urban children towards the development of insulin resistance, obesity, type II diabetes, premature cardiovascular disease, addiction-like behavior, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Increased efforts should be made to decrease pediatric PM2.5 exposures, to deliver health interventions prior to the development of obesity and to identify and mitigate environmental factors influencing obesity and Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City 11649, Mexico.
| | | | - Amedeo D'Angiulli
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Joel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Saltillo, Coahuila 25204, Mexico
| | | | - Yvette Busch
- Clinical and Environmental Laboratory Micro Trace Minerals (MTM), 91217 Hersbruck, Germany
| | - Chih-kai Chao
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Charles Thompson
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Stokić E, Kupusinac A, Tomic-Naglic D, Smiljenic D, Kovacev-Zavisic B, Srdic-Galic B, Soskic S, Isenovic ER. Vitamin D and Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Obesity. Angiology 2014; 66:613-8. [PMID: 25053676 DOI: 10.1177/0003319714543512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and dysfunctional adipose tissue are involved in the development of cardiometabolic disturbances (eg, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia). We evaluated the relation between vitamin D and adipocytokines derived from adipose tissue. We studied 50 obese individuals who were classified into different subgroups according to medians of observed anthropometric parameters (body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and trunk fat mass). There was a negative correlation between vitamin D level and leptin and resistin (r = -.61, P < .01), while a positive association with adiponectin concentrations was found (r = .7, P < .001). Trend estimation showed that increase in vitamin D level is accompanied by intensive increase in adiponectin concentrations (growth coefficient: 12.13). In conclusion, a positive trend was established between vitamin D and the protective adipocytokine adiponectin. The clinical relevance of this relationship needs to be investigated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Stokić
- Medical Faculty in Novi Sad, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | - Dragana Smiljenic
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Biljana Srdic-Galic
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Soskic
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
Currently, vitamin D deficiency and obesity are pandemic diseases and they are associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other diseases. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (25D) are considered as the best indicator of total body vitamin D stores. An association between reduced circulating 25D concentrations and obesity is well known, but the mechanisms are not totally clear. The role of vitamin D supplementation is still uncertain and prospective interventions will establish its influence, if any, in the treatment of obesity. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the presence of a cardiometabolic risk profile in the obese. Future trials may establish a role for Vitamin D supplementation in individuals at increased CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Soskić
- Institute of nuclear sciences 'Vinca', Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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