|
1
|
Padovan JC, Dourado TMH, Pimenta GF, Bruder-Nascimento T, Tirapelli CR. Reactive Oxygen Species Are Central Mediators of Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension Induced by Ethanol Consumption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1813. [PMID: 37891892 PMCID: PMC10604002 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of high amounts of ethanol is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension. The hypertensive state induced by ethanol is a complex multi-factorial event, and oxidative stress is a pathophysiological hallmark of vascular dysfunction associated with ethanol consumption. Increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vasculature trigger important processes underlying vascular injury, including accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ ions, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), endothelial dysfunction, and loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). The enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase plays a central role in vascular ROS generation in response to ethanol. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an upstream mechanism which contributes to NADPH oxidase stimulation, overproduction of ROS, and vascular dysfunction. This review discusses the mechanisms of vascular dysfunction induced by ethanol, detailing the contribution of ROS to these processes. Data examining the association between neuroendocrine changes and vascular oxidative stress induced by ethanol are also reviewed and discussed. These issues are of paramount interest to public health as ethanol contributes to blood pressure elevation in the general population, and it is linked to cardiovascular conditions and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio C. Padovan
- Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Thales M. H. Dourado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (T.M.H.D.); (G.F.P.)
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F. Pimenta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (T.M.H.D.); (G.F.P.)
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics and Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Carlos R. Tirapelli
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
AshaRani PV, Karuvetil MZ, Brian TYW, Satghare P, Roystonn K, Peizhi W, Cetty L, Zainuldin NA, Subramaniam M. Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Comorbidities in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): a Pilot Study in Treatment-Seeking Population. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-18. [PMID: 35095353 PMCID: PMC8783789 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the prevalence of physical comorbidities, undiagnosed and inadequately controlled chronic physical conditions and correlates of high cholesterol, hypertension and liver enzyme abnormalities in those with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Participants (n = 101) with AUD were recruited from a tertiary care centre through convenient sampling. The prevalence of physical and psychiatric comorbidities in the sample was 83.17% and 51.49%, respectively. Around 53.47% had two or more chronic physical conditions (multimorbidity). Hypertension (44.55%), asthma (23.76%), high cholesterol (22.77%) and liver enzyme abnormalities (21.78%) were the top four physical comorbidities. The prevalence of undiagnosed and inadequately controlled chronic physical conditions was 61.4% and 32.7%, respectively. Gender, education and body mass index (BMI) were associated with hyperlipidaemia while age and education were associated with hypertension. Higher waist-hip ratio was associated with liver enzyme abnormalities. Routine clinical care must include regular screening and follow-up of the risk groups to monitor their physical and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. V. AshaRani
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Mohamed Zakir Karuvetil
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Tan Yeow Wee Brian
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Pratika Satghare
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Kumarasan Roystonn
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Wang Peizhi
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Laxman Cetty
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Noor Azizah Zainuldin
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Bouchard J, Valookaran AF, Aloud BM, Raj P, Malunga LN, Thandapilly SJ, Netticadan T. Impact of oats in the prevention/management of hypertension. Food Chem 2022; 381:132198. [PMID: 35123221 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oats are a rich source of a soluble fibre, beta-glucan, phenolic compounds, as well as functional lipid and protein components that could potentially aid in preventing and managing hypertension. Processing techniques commonly used to manufacture oat based foods have been shown to improve its physiological efficacy. Hypertension is a common condition that is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a primary cause of mortality worldwide. Though exercise and pharmacological interventions are often used in the management of hypertension, diet is an incredibly important factor. One preclinical study and a handful of clinical studies have shown that oat components/products are effective in lowering blood pressure. However, research in this area is limited and more studies are needed to elucidate the anti-hypertensive potential of oats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bouchard
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Aleena Francis Valookaran
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine , Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Pema Raj
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine , Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lovemore Nkhata Malunga
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada.
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine , Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Amiri S, Fathi-Ashtiani M, Sedghijalal A, Fathi-Ashtiani A. Parental divorce and offspring smoking and alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:388-416. [PMID: 33648433 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1886576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between parental divorce and smoking and alcohol consumption in offspring, which is based on a systematic review method and ultimately meta-analysis. Method: In a systematic search, three databases were selected. The manuscripts were searched based on the keywords and the time limit for the search was published manuscripts in English until November 2020. For the relationship between parental divorce and smoking/alcohol use in offspring, one main analysis, and four analyses based on sex, study design, adjusted level, and continents were performed. Result: Forty-three studies were synthesized from the collection of manuscripts. The odds of smoking in offspring whose parents were separated was 1.45 (CI 1.37-1.54) and this odds in men was equal to 1.38 (CI 1.11-1.71; Z = 2.91; p = 0.004; I2 = 81.5%) and in women, 1.78 (CI 1.51-2.10; Z = 6.88; p < 0.001; I2 = 69.6%). The odds of alcohol use in offspring whose parents were separated was 1.43 (CI 1.15-1.77) and this odds in men was equal to 1.69 (CI 1.16-2.47; Z = 2.73; p = 0.006; I2 = 99.6%) and in women 1.79 (CI 1.07-2.99). Discussion: The findings of the present study can be used in health-related policies, prevention, and clinical interventions. This study was a subject with limitations, also.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Sedghijalal
- Department of Sociology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Fathi-Ashtiani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We have focused on recent research relevant to effects of dietary patterns and major food groups on cardiovascular outcomes, taking into account guidelines and position statements from expert authorities, with an emphasis on important changes in recommendations, some of which remain controversial. RECENT FINDINGS Major findings include: refocusing on qualitative patterns of food consumption replacing quantitative prescriptive advice on nutrients; increasing intake of plant foods; substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated oils; reducing salt intake; regular consumption of fish with a focus on omega-3 enrichment; not restricting dairy foods, other than butter and cream, with encouragement of some fermented products; reducing cholesterol intake for those at increased cardiovascular risk and diabetes, allowing 7-eggs weekly; restricting processed meats and allowing moderate lean meat consumption; preference for fiber-rich complex carbohydrates and reduced sugar intake; maintaining healthy bodyweight; and although water is the preferred beverage, allowing moderate alcohol consumption to national guidelines and avoiding alcohol in specific cardiovascular disorders. SUMMARY The new approach that focuses on healthier patterns of food intake is more readily understood by health practitioners and translatable to consumers and patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Nestel PJ, Beilin LJ, Clifton PM, Watts GF, Mori TA. Practical Guidance for Food Consumption to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 30:163-179. [PMID: 33158734 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This dietary guidance, informed by best contemporary evidence, aims to assist medical practitioners and allied health professionals in advising patients for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While differing in some details from other current guidelines, the core messages accord with those published in 2019 by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society; the National Lipid Association in 2014 and the NH&MRC Australian Dietary Guidelines in 2013. These were assessed through the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) and the levels of evidence and classes of a recommendation developed using the GRADE system. Recommendations with high levels of evidence include increased consumption of plant based foods comprising mainly complex, fibre enriched carbohydrates (wholegrains, fruits and vegetables) while limiting intake of refined starches; partial replacement of saturated fats with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats and oils; reduced salt intake; achievement and maintenance of healthy weight; and low-to-moderate consumption of alcohol. Additional guidance but with moderate levels of evidence includes increased consumption of fish (and fish oils where indicated); reduction in sugar-sweetened beverages and added sugars; avoidance of butter and cream especially in those at increased CVD risk but encouragement of yoghurt; allow moderate consumption of lean meat but limit intake of processed meats; and limit cholesterol-rich foods such as eggs and crustaceans for those at increased CVD risk. Guidance has been formulated qualitatively on food categories of commonly eaten foods while avoiding prescriptive quantitative measures that are less readily translatable. This approach accords with current guidelines such as the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2019 guidelines and is understandable and readily implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Nestel
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Jung S, Kim MK, Shin J, Lee N, Woo HW, Choi BY, Shin MH, Shin DH, Lee YH. Positive association of alcohol consumption with incidence of hypertension in adults aged 40 years and over: Use of repeated alcohol consumption measurements. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3125-3131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
|
8
|
Cherfan M, Vallée A, Kab S, Salameh P, Goldberg M, Zins M, Blacher J. Unhealthy behaviors and risk of uncontrolled hypertension among treated individuals-The CONSTANCES population-based study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1925. [PMID: 32024888 PMCID: PMC7002708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
From an epidemiological standpoint, quantifying the individual and the combined effect of lifestyle factors on uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) deserves further evaluation. We aimed to examine the individual and combined associations between unhealthy behaviors and uncontrolled hypertension among treated hypertensive adults. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from CONSTANCES, an ongoing French population-based cohort study. Uncontrolled BP was defined as mean systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or mean diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg. Unhealthy behaviors were considered as heavy alcohol consumption, low or medium adherence to dietary recommendations, sedentary physical activity level, and overweight. A total of 10,710 hypertensive treated volunteer participants were included and 56.1% had uncontrolled hypertension; of them, 2.0%, 24.5%, 54.0% and 19.5% exhibited 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 unhealthy behaviors respectively. In men, there was an increased odds of uncontrolled hypertension with heavy alcohol drinking compared to light-or-never (adjusted odds ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.63), with low as well as with medium adherence to dietary recommendations compared to high (p < 0.05 for both), and with overweight or obesity compared to a normal body mass index (p ≤ 0.001 for both). In addition, men reporting a combination of ≥3 unhealthy behaviors compared to none, had an increased odds of hypertension of 1.67 (95% CI 1.09-2.53). Unhealthy behaviors described as, heavy alcohol consumption, non-adherence to dietary recommendations and overweight are associated with uncontrolled hypertension, at the individual and combined level, and particularly in men. Improvement of modifiable lifestyle factors could offer considerable benefits in the management of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cherfan
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit (EREN), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Crnh, Paris 13 University Sorbonne Paris Cite, Bobigny, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital; AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sofiane Kab
- Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Inserm, UMS011, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Inserm, UMS011, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, Inserm, UMS011, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Blacher
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit (EREN), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Crnh, Paris 13 University Sorbonne Paris Cite, Bobigny, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France.
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital; AP-HP, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Hong Z, Pan L, Ma Z, Zhu Y, Hong Z. Combined effects of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism on blood pressure in Chinese male hypertensive subjects. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:59. [PMID: 31582948 PMCID: PMC6770628 DOI: 10.18332/tid/110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic factors and lifestyle exposures, as well as their combinations, play important roles in the development of hypertension. We examined whether cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene generate combined effects on blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive subjects. METHODS A total of 342 essential hypertensive subjects were recruited from Susong community in Anhui province, China, from July 2017 to January 2018, and the plasma biochemical parameters and the genotype on Glu298Asp polymorphism were determined. RESULTS There were no gender differences in the distributions of alleles and genotypes in hypertensive subjects. The proportions of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in male hypertensive subjects were remarkably higher than those in the females (p<0.001). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels of mutant genotypes (Glu/Asp and Asp/Asp) were significantly higher than those of wild genotype (Glu/Glu) (p=0.013 and 0.026, respectively) in male hypertensive subjects. Moreover, the SBP and DBP levels of the mutant genotype were remarkably higher than those of wild genotype in both cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking male hypertensive subjects (p=0.034 and 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene generate combined effects that increase the susceptibility of the mutant genotype to BP in Chinese male hypertensive subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hong
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhangqing Ma
- Laboratory of Quantitative Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Laboratory of Quantitative Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zongyuan Hong
- Laboratory of Quantitative Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
El-Mas MM, Abdel-Rahman AA. Role of Alcohol Oxidative Metabolism in Its Cardiovascular and Autonomic Effects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:1-33. [PMID: 31368095 PMCID: PMC8034813 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several review articles have been published on the neurobehavioral actions of acetaldehyde and other ethanol metabolites as well as in major alcohol-related disorders such as cancer and liver and lung disease. However, very few reviews dealt with the role of alcohol metabolism in the adverse cardiac and autonomic effects of alcohol and their potential underlying mechanisms, particularly in vulnerable populations. In this chapter, following a brief overview of the dose-related favorable and adverse cardiovascular effects of alcohol, we discuss the role of ethanol metabolism in its adverse effects in the brainstem and heart. Notably, current knowledge dismisses a major role for acetaldehyde in the adverse autonomic and cardiac effects of alcohol because of its low tissue level in vivo. Contrary to these findings in men and male rodents, women and hypertensive individuals are more sensitive to the adverse cardiac effects of similar amounts of alcohol. To understand this discrepancy, we discuss the autonomic and cardiac effects of alcohol and its metabolite acetaldehyde in a model of hypertension, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and female rats. We present evidence that enhanced catalase activity, which contributes to cardioprotection in hypertension (compensatory) and in the presence of estrogen (inherent), becomes detrimental due to catalase catalysis of alcohol metabolism to acetaldehyde. Noteworthy, studies in SHRs and in estrogen deprived or replete normotensive rats implicate acetaldehyde in triggering oxidative stress in autonomic nuclei and the heart via (i) the Akt/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS) cascade and (ii) estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) mediation of the higher catalase activity, which generates higher ethanol-derived acetaldehyde in female heart. The latter is supported by the ability of ERα blockade or catalase inhibition to attenuate alcohol-evoked myocardial oxidative stress and dysfunction. More mechanistic studies are needed to further understand the mechanisms of this public health problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Rodzlan Hasani WS, Abd Hamid HA, Miaw Yn L, Robert Lourdes TG, Ab Majid NL, Mat Rifin H, Ismail H, Saminathan TA, Ahmad MH, Ganapathy SS, Mohd Yusoff MF. Hypertension and its associated factors among current drinkers in Malaysia: Results from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1510054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. S. Rodzlan Hasani
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H. A. Abd Hamid
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L. Miaw Yn
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T. G. Robert Lourdes
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N. L. Ab Majid
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H. Mat Rifin
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H. Ismail
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T. A. Saminathan
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. H. Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S. S. Ganapathy
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. F. Mohd Yusoff
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Non-pharmacological management of hypertension: in the light of current research. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 188:437-452. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
|
13
|
Kim BJ, Seo DC, Kim BS, Kang JH. Relationship Between Cotinine-Verified Smoking Status and Incidence of Hypertension in 74,743 Korean Adults. Circ J 2018; 82:1659-1665. [PMID: 29491326 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between chronic smoking and hypertension (HTN) is inconclusive in previous studies, which were mainly based on self-reported smoking status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of cotinine-verified smoking status with incident HTN. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 74,743 participants (43,104 men; age 38±5.4 years) were included in the study, with a mean follow-up period of 29 months. Individuals were divided into 4 groups on the basis of their cotinine-verified smoking status at baseline and at follow-up (never-smoking, new-smoking, former-smoking, and sustained-smoking). The incidence rate of HTN in the never-smoking, new-smoking, former-smoking, and sustained-smoking groups was 8.2%, 7.6%, 10.1%, and 8.7% for men and 1.8%, 2.5%, 1.5%, and 2.2% for women, respectively. In a multivariate Cox-hazard regression analysis adjusted for the variables with a univariate relationship, new-smoking and sustained-smoking had decreased relative risks (RRs) for incident HTN compared with never-smoking (RR [95% CI], 0.75 [0.58, 0.96] for new-smoking and 0.82 [0.74, 0.90] for sustained-smoking). Cotinine-verified current smoking at baseline was also inversely associated with incident HTN compared with cotinine-verified never-smoking at baseline (0.91 [0.84, 0.98]). These results remained significant only in men, although there was no sex interaction. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study showed that cotinine-verified new-smoking and sustained-smoking decreased the risk for incident HTN, especially in men, compared with never-smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Dae Chul Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Jin Ho Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Kim BJ, Han JM, Kang JG, Kim BS, Kang JH. Association between cotinine-verified smoking status and hypertension in 167,868 Korean adults. Blood Press 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2017.1344539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Gyu Kang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Guerrero L, Gelabert J, Guardia M, Gou P, Arnau J, Shepherd R, Sparks P. Actitud de los consumidores frente a los productos cárnicos con un menor contenido en sodio. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108201329800400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food choice and food purchase are complex phenomena influenced not only by the sensorial char acteristics of the product and its price, but also by other factors such as consumer attitudes towards the product. In this study the model of planned behavior of Ajzen was used to measure consumer attitudes towards low salt meat products. A 48-item questionnaire was completed in by 112 consumers representing different sociodemographic levels. The results obtained showed that the beliefs were not completely unitary and only health- and taste-related beliefs significantly improved attitude prediction. Perceived control was the most important aspect in explaining the behavioral intention of the consumers despite its relatively low consistency. Attitude and the subjective norm also had a significant effect on intention. Sociodemographic parameters clearly divided the consumers in several components of the model, the sex of the individuals being the most important aspect. The predictive ability of the model was clearly different depending on whether separation of the consumers by sex and indirect measures of attitude and subjective norm were taken into account. The model of planned behavior proved to be effective in predicting consumers' behavioral intention. However, there are some aspects of this model such as the biased measurement of attitude and consistency of perceived control which need further improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Guerrero
- IRTA-Centre de Tecnologia de la Carn. Granja Camps i Armet s/n. Monells Girona. España
| | - J. Gelabert
- IRTA-Centre de Tecnologia de la Carn. Granja Camps i Armet s/n. Monells Girona. España
| | - M.D. Guardia
- IRTA-Centre de Tecnologia de la Carn. Granja Camps i Armet s/n. Monells Girona. España
| | - P. Gou
- IRTA-Centre de Tecnologia de la Carn. Granja Camps i Armet s/n. Monells Girona. España
| | - J. Arnau
- IRTA-Centre de Tecnologia de la Carn. Granja Camps i Armet s/n. Monells Girona. España
| | - R. Shepherd
- Institute of Food Research Earley Gate, White Knights Rd, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - P. Sparks
- Institute of Food Research Earley Gate, White Knights Rd, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Kawabata Y, Ekuni D, Miyai H, Kataoka K, Yamane M, Mizutani S, Irie K, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Relationship Between Prehypertension/Hypertension and Periodontal Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:388-396. [PMID: 26208668 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cross-sectional studies have found a significant positive relationship between periodontal disease and prehypertension/hypertension. However, these studies had limitations and there are few prospective cohort studies in young adults. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate whether periodontal disease was related to prehypertension/hypertension in Japanese university students. METHODS Students (n = 2,588), who underwent health examinations before entering university and before graduation, were included in the analysis. The association between periodontal disease such as the percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) and community periodontal index (CPI) scores, and change in blood pressure status was determined. RESULTS At the reexamination, the numbers of participants with prehypertension (systolic blood pressure 120-139mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 80-89mm Hg) and hypertension (≥140/90mm Hg) were 882 (34.1%) and 109 (4.2%), respectively. In a logistic regression model, the risk of hypertension was significantly associated with male (odds ratio (OR): 6.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.63-15.13; P < 0.001), no habitual physical activity at baseline (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.56-5.38; P < 0.01) and periodontal disease defined as the presence of both probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4mm and BOP ≥ 30% at baseline (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.19-6.29; P = 0.02) in participants with prehypertension at baseline. On the other hand, the risk of prehypertension was not associated with presence of periodontal disease (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.51-1.70; P = 0.82). CONCLUSION In the short-term prospective cohort study, a significant association between presence of periodontal disease and hypertension was observed in Japanese university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kawabata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan;
| | - Hisataka Miyai
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kota Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mayu Yamane
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Irie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
González-Reimers E, Santolaria-Fernández F, Martín-González MC, Fernández-Rodríguez CM, Quintero-Platt G. Alcoholism: A systemic proinflammatory condition. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14660-14671. [PMID: 25356029 PMCID: PMC4209532 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption affects virtually any organ, both by indirect and direct mechanisms. Considerable research in the last two decades has widened the knowledge about the paramount importance of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of many of the systemic manifestations of alcoholism. These cytokines derive primarily from activated Kupffer cells exposed to Gram-negative intestinal bacteria, which reach the liver in supra-physiological amounts due to ethanol-mediated increased gut permeability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that enhance the inflammatory response are generated both by activation of Kupffer cells and by the direct metabolic effects of ethanol. The effects of this increased cytokine secretion and ROS generation lie far beyond liver damage. In addition to the classic consequences of endotoxemia associated with liver cirrhosis that were described several decades ago, important research in the last ten years has shown that cytokines may also induce damage in remote organs such as brain, bone, muscle, heart, lung, gonads, peripheral nerve, and pancreas. These effects are even seen in alcoholics without significant liver disease. Therefore, alcoholism can be viewed as an inflammatory condition, a concept which opens the possibility of using new therapeutic weapons to treat some of the complications of this devastating and frequent disease. In this review we examine some of the most outstanding consequences of the altered cytokine regulation that occurs in alcoholics in organs other than the liver.
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and the risk of hypertension in an Indian population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:793040. [PMID: 25165716 PMCID: PMC4140129 DOI: 10.1155/2014/793040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants of eNOS gene play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Many environmental factors have, also, been implicated in the aetiology of hypertension. We carried out an age-matched case-control study among adults. Hypertension was defined according to JNC-VII criteria and eNOS gene polymorphisms were determined by PCR and PCR followed by PCR-RFLP. eNOS intron 4 aa genotype (adjusted OR 6.81; 95% CI 2.29–20.25) and eNOS 894TT genotype (adjusted OR 7.84; 95% CI 2.57–23.96) were associated with the risk of hypertension. Tobacco users (either smoking/chewing or both) with eNOS intron 4 aa genotype (OR 14.00: 95% CI 1.20–163.37), eNOS 894GG genotype (OR 5.56: 95% CI 3.72–8.31), and eNOS T-786C CC genotype (OR 9.00: 95% CI 1.14–71.04) were at an increased risk of hypertension. Similarly a significant gene-environment interaction was observed between individuals consuming alcohol with eNOS intron 4 aa genotype (OR 12.00: 95% CI 1.20–143.73) and eNOS 894GG genotype (OR 1.95: 95% CI 1.35–2.81). The present study identified few susceptible genotypes of the eNOS gene with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, the interactive effects between the environmental factors and the risk of hypertension were dependent on the eNOS genotypes.
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Marchi KC, Muniz JJ, Tirapelli CR. Hypertension and chronic ethanol consumption: What do we know after a century of study? World J Cardiol 2014; 6:283-294. [PMID: 24944758 PMCID: PMC4062120 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The influences of life habits on the cardiovascular system may have important implications for public health, as cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of shorter life expectancy worldwide. A link between excessive ethyl alcohol (ethanol) consumption and arterial hypertension was first suggested early last century. Since then, this proposition has received considerable attention. Support for the concept of ethanol as a cause of hypertension derives from several epidemiologic studies demonstrating that in the general population, increased blood pressure is significantly correlated with ethanol consumption. Although the link between ethanol consumption and hypertension is well established, the mechanism through which ethanol increases blood pressure remains elusive. Possible mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced hypertension were proposed based on clinical and experimental observations. These mechanisms include an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity, stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, an increase of intracellular Ca2+ in vascular smooth muscle, increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. The present report reviews the relationship between ethanol intake and hypertension and highlights some mechanisms underlying this response. These issues are of interest for the public health, as ethanol consumption contributes to blood pressure elevation in the population.
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Ye Y, Jian K, Jaggar JH, Bukiya AN, Dopico AM. Type 2 ryanodine receptors are highly sensitive to alcohol. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1659-65. [PMID: 24631538 PMCID: PMC4193545 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ethanol levels reached in circulation during alcohol intoxication (>10mM) constricts cerebral arteries in rats and humans. Remarkably, targets and mechanisms underlying this action remain largely unidentified. Artery diameter is regulated by myocyte Ca(2+) sparks, a vasodilatory signal contributed to by type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2). Using laser confocal microscopy in rat cerebral arteries and bilayer electrophysiology we unveil that ethanol inhibits both Ca(2+) spark and RyR2 activity with IC50<20 mM, placing RyR2 among the ion channels that are most sensitive to ethanol. Alcohol directly targets RyR2 and its lipid microenvironment, leading to stabilization of RyR2 closed states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Kuihuan Jian
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Shankarishan P, Borah PK, Mohapatra PK, Ahmed G, Mahanta J. Population attributable risk estimates for risk factors associated with hypertension in an Indian population. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013; 20:963-71. [PMID: 22997351 DOI: 10.1177/2047487312462146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little evidence exists regarding the magnitude of contribution of risk factors associated with hypertension in India. Determination of potentially modifiable risk factors is necessary to focus prevention strategies. DESIGN Age-matched case-control study. METHODS A total of 350 hypertensive cases and 350 controls of both sexes in the age group 20-65 years. Hypertension was defined according to JNC VII criteria. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and population attributable risk percentage (PAR %) for hypertension were calculated. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, tobacco users (either tobacco chewing/smoking or both) (adjusted OR 5.1, 95% CI 3.6-7.3), tobacco chewing (adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.2-4.6), smoking (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.9-4.4), and alcohol consumption (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.2) was the strongest determinants of hypertension. A dose-response relation was found between the number of cigarettes smoked per day (χ2 for trend = 26.07; p < 0.0001) and the amount of alcohol consumption per day (χ2 for trend = 24.26; p < 0.0001) and the risk of hypertension. PARs were 70.3% (95% CI 63.0-77.5) for tobacco use, 45.3% (95% CI 37.1-53.4) for tobacco chewing, 31.5% (95% CI 21.3-40.9) for smoking, and 33.6% (95% CI 22.9-44.4) for alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that incident hypertension cases are largely attributable to the habit of tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Therefore, changing these selected lifestyle factors needs to be prioritized as a major strategy for reducing incidence of hypertension in our population.
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Acute effects of red wine on cytochrome P450 eicosanoids and blood pressure in men. J Hypertens 2013; 31:2195-202; discussion 2202. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328364a27f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
|
23
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is a complex trait with multiple environmental and genetic contributors. Until recently, linkage studies of rare Mendelian disorders of hypertension and hypotension have produced the most notable progress toward understanding the heritable basis of blood pressure (BP). Association studies to identify common variants have been limited in the past by small sample sizes and most findings have lacked replication. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, well powered, targeted candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have reported reproducible associations between rare and common genetic variants and BP and hypertension at the population level. SUMMARY Identification of novel genes will lead to an improved understanding of BP regulation and the potential for novel therapies.
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Siervogel RM. Genetic and familial factors in essential hypertension and related traits. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330260504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
|
25
|
Kim JH, Kim SJ, Lee WY, Cheon YH, Lee SS, Ju A, K M, Kim DJ. The Effects of Alcohol Abstinence on BDNF, Ghrelin, and Leptin Secretions in Alcohol-Dependent Patients with Glucose Intolerance. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 37 Suppl 1:E52-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JH Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science; The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine; Seoul; South Korea
| | - SJ Kim
- Department of Psychiatry; Seoul St Mary's Hospital; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul; South Korea
| | - WY Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Internal Medicine; Kangbuk Samsung Hospital; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul; South Korea
| | - YH Cheon
- Department of Psychiatry; Incheon Chamsarang Hospital; Seojin Medical Research Institute; Incheon; South Korea
| | - SS Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Internal Medicine; Bucheon St Mary's Hospital; The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine; Bucheon; South Korea
| | - A Ju
- Department of Biomedical Science; The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine; Seoul; South Korea
| | - Min K
- Department of Psychiatry; Seoul St Mary's Hospital; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul; South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Leone A. Does Smoking Act as a Friend or Enemy of Blood Pressure? Let Release Pandora's Box. Cardiol Res Pract 2011; 2011:264894. [PMID: 21318159 PMCID: PMC3034987 DOI: 10.4061/2011/264894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the great number of observations which show the certainty of cardiovascular damage from smoking, the opinions on that are not yet unanimous. There is a discrepancy that could be attributed to the lack of reproducible data particularly in some epidemiological studies. On the contrary, experimental findings conducted on both animals and humans give evidence of exactly reproducible results of cardiovascular alterations and among these the course of Blood Pressure (BP). Findings identify an increase in BP of active smokers or non-smokers exposed to passive smoking, while a lot of others refer a lowering of BP due to smoking. This discrepancy could be explained as follows. Initially, a vasoconstriction mediated by nicotine causes acute but transient increase in systolic BP. This phase is followed by a decrease in BP as a consequence of depressant effects played chronically by nicotine itself. Simultaneously, carbon monoxide is acting directly on the arterial wall causing, in the long run, structurally irreversible alterations. At this time, there is a change in BP that increases again, and often constantly, its levels following chronic exposure. Changes in response to antihypertensive drugs have been observed in hypertensive smokers since smoking influences metabolic steps of the drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Leone
- Department of Internal Medicine, City Hospital Massa, Via Provinciale 27, 19030 Castelnuovo Magra SP, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Abstract
Cold pediatric cardiac surgery has been a dogma for 50 years. However, the beneficial effects of cold perfusion are counterbalanced by the drawbacks of hypothermia. Thus, we propose a major paradigm shift from hypothermic surgery to warm perfusion and intermittent warm blood cardioplegia. This approach gives satisfactory results even with prolonged aortic crossclamp times. The major advantages are reduced time to extubation and shorter intensive care unit stay. Warm pediatric surgery is an anecdotal phenomenon no more; over 10,000 procedures have been carried out in Europe. All types of cardiopathy have been treated, including arterial switch, total pulmonary anomalous venous return, interruption of the aortic arch, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Once surgeons decide to shift from hypothermia to normothermia, they never decide to shift back to hypothermia. This fact is evidence of the satisfactory clinical outcome obtained with this technique. The technique and the composition of microplegia is identical in all European centers, the only variable factor being the interval between microplegia injections, which varies from 10 to 25 min. We hope that the increasing interest in pediatric warm surgery will hearten new candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Durandy
- Jacques Cartier Private Hospital, Massy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Dobson AJ. Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Australia, 1966-1986: evidence from prevalence surveys. COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDIES 2010; 11:2-14. [PMID: 3495399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1987.tb00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
|
29
|
Franceschini N, Rose KM, Storti KL, Rutherford S, Voruganti VS, Laston S, Göring HHH, Dyer TD, Umans JG, Lee ET, Best LG, Fabsitz RR, Cole SA, MacCluer JW, North KE. Social- and behavioral-specific genetic effects on blood pressure traits: the Strong Heart Family Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:396-401. [PMID: 20031612 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.109.853630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population studies have demonstrated an important role of social, behavioral, and environmental factors in blood pressure (BP) levels. Accounting for the genetic interaction of these factors may help to identify common BP susceptibility alleles. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the interaction of additive genetic effects and behavioral (physical activity, smoking, alcohol use) and socioeconomic (education) factors on BP in approximately 3600 American Indian participants of the Strong Heart Family Study, using variance component models. The mean and SD of resting systolic and diastolic BPs were 123 + or - 17 and 76 + or - 11 mm Hg, respectively. We detected evidence for distinct genetic effects on diastolic BP among ever smokers compared with never smokers (P = 0.01). For alcohol intake, we observed significant genotype-by-environment interactions on diastolic (rhog = 0.10, P = 0.0003) and on systolic BPs (rhog = 0.59, P = 0.0008) among current drinkers compared with former or never drinkers. We also detected genotype-by-physical activity interactions on diastolic BP (rhog = 0.35, P = 0.0004). Finally, there was evidence for distinct genetic effects on diastolic BP among individuals with less than high school education compared with those with 12 or more years of education (rhog = 0.41, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that behavioral and socioeconomic factors can modify the genetic effects on BP phenotypes. Accounting for context dependent factors may help us to better understand the complexities of the gene effects on BP and other complex phenotypes with high levels of genetic heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 137 E Franklin St, Suite 306 CB#8050, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Dochi M, Sakata K, Oishi M, Tanaka K, Kobayashi E, Suwazono Y. Smoking as an independent risk factor for hypertension: a 14-year longitudinal study in male Japanese workers. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2009; 217:37-43. [PMID: 19155606 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.217.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There have been few large longitudinal studies on the relationship between smoking and blood pressure and those results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of smoking on the onset of hypertension. A 14-year longitudinal study was conducted in Japanese male workers at a steel company between 1991 and 2005. We adopted three different endpoints of observation, hypertension [systolic blood pressure (SBP) >or= 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >or= 90 mmHg], systolic hypertension (SBP >or= 140 mmHg), and diastolic hypertension (DBP >or= 90 mmHg), with initiation of antihypertensive medication. The cohort for each endpoint (hypertension: n = 5,512, systolic hypertension: n = 5,765, diastolic hypertension: n = 6,063) was selected, excluding the subjects whose blood pressure was higher than above criteria at their first health examination from all 8,251 workers. The strict criteria for hypertension resulted in exclusion of more subjects, yielding smaller cohort for hypertension. The association between smoking and each endpoint was investigated adjusting for age, body mass index, drinking, habitual exercise, job schedule type, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, creatinine, aspartic aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and uric acid by pooled logistic regression analyses. The significant odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of smoking were 1.13 (1.03 to 1.23) for hypertension and 1.15 (1.05 to 1.25) for systolic hypertension. This study revealed that smoking is independently related to the onset of hypertension and systolic hypertension in Japanese male workers. These results provide important information necessary to define the effect of smoking on blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirei Dochi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L, Wedel H. Separate and combined effects of smoking and alcohol abuse in middle-aged men. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 2009; 223:111-8. [PMID: 3348108 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb15774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a major predictor of premature death, and also an independent risk factor for coronary death. Alcoholics are often heavy smokers. In a large primary prevention trial in middle-aged men with 7,495 participants, registration data were used to identify subjects with alcohol problems. Smokers had slightly lower blood pressure and were somewhat leaner than non-smokers, but had slightly higher serum cholesterol levels. Alcohol-registered subjects also tended to have lower blood pressure levels, and higher serum cholesterol. The relative risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction during the follow-up period of 11.8 years was essentially doubled in smokers compared to non-smokers, regardless of registration for alcohol problems. Among the non-alcoholic subjects, the relative risk of coronary death in smokers was double that of non-smokers, whereas the risk in non-smoking alcoholic subjects was not significantly increased. In smoking alcoholics the relative risk was substantially raised to 4.2 (3.0-7.0; 95% c.i.). In multivariate analysis both smoking and alcohol abuse were independently associated with coronary death. A possible mechanism might be through a combination of tobacco-induced coronary arteriosclerosis and the cardiotoxic effects of alcohol. As to total mortality, a smoking non-alcoholic man had a relative risk of dying almost double that of a non-alcoholic non-smoker. Among non-smoking alcoholics the risk was three times and, in smoking alcoholics over four times that of the non-alcoholic non-smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rosengren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ostra Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
|
|
33
|
Soardo G, Donnini D, Moretti M, Milocco C, Catena C, Sechi LA. Effects of antihypertensive drugs on alcohol-induced functional responses of cultured human endothelial cells. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:345-51. [PMID: 18360055 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced endothelial changes might contribute to an increase in blood pressure in regular alcohol consumers. Some antihypertensive drugs affect oxidative stress and endothelial function and might counteract the effects of alcohol at the cellular level. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the effects of three different types of antihypertensive agents on alcohol-induced endothelial responses and oxidative stress. Cultured human endothelial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations (1, 10, 60 micromol/L) of zofenoprilat, carvedilol, and lacidipine in the absence and in the presence of ethanol (140 mmol/L). Concentrations of endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in the culture media as markers of endothelial function, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular glutathione (GSHi) were measured as markers of oxidative stress. Exposure to alcohol increased the levels of ET, NO, and MDA, and decreased GSHi. Carvedilol and zofenoprilat were more effective than lacidipine in counteracting the effects of alcohol on ET production. Alcohol-induced NO production was enhanced by carvedilol, whereas zofenoprilat and lacidipine did not have a significant effect. The alcohol-induced increase in MDA concentrations was blunted by all three drugs, but only carvedilol restored a normal response. All three drugs increased GSHi levels, with the effect being greater for carvedilol and lacidipine than zofenoprilat. Carvedilol is more effective than zofenoprilat and lacidipine in counteracting alcohol-induced endothelial responses in vitro and in decreasing oxidative stress. These effects might be particularly beneficial in patients with alcohol-related hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Soardo
- Division of Internal Medicine-Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology and Medicine, University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
34
|
Kusuma YS, Babu BV, Naidu JM. The Association of Tobacco Smoking and Blood Pressure in Some Low Socioeconomic Groups from Andhra Pradesh, India. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2008. [DOI: 10.2165/00151642-200815010-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
|
35
|
Suwazono Y, Sakata K, Oishi M, Okubo Y, Dochi M, Kobayashi E, Kido T, Nogawa K. Estimation of benchmark dose as the threshold amount of alcohol consumption for blood pressure in Japanese workers. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2007; 27:1487-1495. [PMID: 18093048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the threshold amount of alcohol consumption for blood pressure, we calculated the benchmark dose (BMD) of alcohol consumption and its 95% lower confidence interval (BMDL) in Japanese workers. The subjects consisted of 4,383 males and 387 females in a Japanese steel company. The target variables were systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. The effects of other potential covariates such as age and body mass index were adjusted by including these covariates in the multiple linear regression models. In male workers, BMD/BMDL for alcohol consumption (g/week) at which the probability of an adverse response was estimated to increase by 5% relative to no alcohol consumption, were 396/315 (systolic blood pressure), 321/265 (diastolic blood pressure), and 326/269 (mean arterial pressures). These values were based on significant regression coefficients of alcohol consumption. In female workers, BMD/BMDL for alcohol consumption based on insignificant regression coefficients were 693/134 (systolic blood pressure), 199/90 (diastolic blood pressure), and 267/77 (mean arterial pressure). Therefore, BMDs/BMDLs in males were more informative than those in females as there was no significant relationship between alcohol and blood pressure in females. The threshold amount of alcohol consumption determined in this study provides valuable information for preventing alcohol-induced hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
36
|
McFarlane SI, von Gizycki H, Salifu M, Deshmukh M, Manieram M, Gebreegziabher Y, Gliwa AA, Bordia S, Shah S, Sowers JR. Alcohol consumption and blood pressure in the adult US population: assessment of gender-related effects. J Hypertens 2007; 25:965-70. [PMID: 17414659 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32807fb0ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the gender-related effects of alcohol consumption on blood pressure (BP) in a representative sample of the adult US population. METHODS We examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. The effects of various risk factors for hypertension on BP were examined with analysis of covariance statistics. RESULTS Of the 5448 adults over 20 years of age, 2650 (48.7%) reported the intake of one or more drinks per day over the past year. In this population, the mean +/- SEM age was 46.9 +/- 0.34 years, the body mass index was 24.8 kg/m, 1257 (47.4%) were women, systolic BP was 124.3 +/- 0.44 mmHg and diastolic BP was 72.7 +/- 0.27 mmHg. Hypertension was reported in 21.1%, diabetes in 5.1% and cigarette smoking in 39.7%. A significant effect on systolic BP was shown with age (P < 0.01), body mass index (P < 0.01), race (P = 0.01), gender (P < 0.01) and diabetes (P < 0.01). The interaction with gender and alcohol drinking level was significant (P = 0.02). Post-hoc analysis localized the source of this effect. There was a significant increase in systolic BP between one and three and between one and four, but not between one and two, drinks per day in men. This effect was not observed in women. CONCLUSION Consistent with previous reports, our study suggests that alcohol intake up to two drinks per day has no effect on BP. There was a gender-related effect of alcohol intake in excess of two drinks per day on BP, with increased BP observed only in men but not in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samy I McFarlane
- Division of Endocrinology/Biostatistics, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center/Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Lipowicz A. Hypertension among Polish males during the economic transition. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2007; 5:61-73. [PMID: 17276743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the late 1980s and early 1990s Polish society experienced deep political, economic and social changes. The aim of the study is to investigate whether changes that occurred in Poland during the transformation significantly influenced the risk of hypertension among adult men. We find that irrespective of age, marital status, education, degree of urbanization, lifestyle variables (smoking, drinking alcohol, and physical activity), and BMI the risk of hypertension after 1989 was higher than before transformation (odds ratio=1.45, p<0.001). Psychosocial factors are proposed as factors which might at least partly explain the higher risk of hypertension during the first years of economic transition in Poland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lipowicz
- Institute of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kuźnicza 35, 50-951 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
|
38
|
Soardo G, Donnini D, Varutti R, Milocco C, Basan L, Esposito W, Casaccio D, Isola M, Soldano F, Sechi LA. Effects of alcohol withdrawal on blood pressure in hypertensive heavy drinkers. J Hypertens 2006; 24:1493-8. [PMID: 16877950 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000239283.35562.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological investigations have demonstrated a close association between heavy alcohol consumption and hypertension. The mechanisms of this association, however, remain elusive. We studied the effects of alcohol withdrawal on blood pressure, hormonal parameters, and circulating markers of endothelial activity. METHODS In 14 hypertensive heavy alcohol consumers (> 200 g/day) who agreed to participate in a hospital withdrawal programme we monitored, for 30 days, blood pressure, plasma levels of renin, aldosterone, cortisol, endothelin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and urinary levels of catecholamines. Patients in the withdrawal group were compared with eight hypertensive heavy drinkers who refused to participate in the programme and maintained regular alcohol consumption and 11 normotensive teetotalers. RESULTS By the third day after withdrawal, blood pressure was significantly decreased and the normalization of levels was obtained in 13 of 14 patients by the end of the study. Alcohol withdrawal significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and cortisol levels, but did not affect levels of active renin and fractionated urinary catecholamines. At baseline, plasma endothelin and PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in alcoholic individuals than in teetotalers, and after the cessation of alcohol intake decreased progressively, reaching levels different from baseline within 1 week. A significant correlation was found between changes in endothelin and PAI-1, and blood pressure variations during alcohol abstinence that remained significant only for endothelin with the multivariate approach. CONCLUSION Hypertension is rapidly reversible in the majority of heavy drinkers after the withdrawal of alcohol consumption. In these patients, hypertension is associated with an increased release of endothelial factors that might contribute to the increase in blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Soardo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Unit, University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
39
|
Suwazono Y, Okubo Y, Kobayashi E, Nogawa K. Effect of Truck Driving on Health of Japanese Middle Aged Male Workers of a Transport Company—Multiple Regression Analyses for Blood Pressure and HbA
1C
—. J Occup Health 2006. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.42.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Okubo
- Department of HygieneSchool of Medicine, Chiba University
| | | | - Koji Nogawa
- Department of HygieneSchool of Medicine, Chiba University
| |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Isaka M, Imamura M, Sakuma I, Shiiya N, Fukushima S, Nakai K, Kitabatake A, Yasuda K. Cardioprotective effect of perfluorochemical emulsion for cardiac preservation after six-hour cold storage. ASAIO J 2005; 51:434-9. [PMID: 16156310 DOI: 10.1097/01.mat.0000169078.55938.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoro-octyl bromide (PFOB) emulsion is capable of transferring oxygen to tissues even at 4 degrees C, suggesting an application in myocardial preservation. We evaluated the cardioprotective effect of PFOB emulsion added to the storage solution. Guinea pig hearts were isolated (n = 24) and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution (KHS) and then cooled and perfused with St. Thomas Hospital II solution (STS). The hearts were stored in three different solutions: STS (STS group), oxygenated (O2) STS (O2 STS group), and O2 STS with PFOB emulsion (30%) (O2 STS + PFOB group) for 6 hours at 4 degrees C. After storage, rewarming was performed, followed by reperfusion with KHS. Left ventricular developed pressure of O2 STS + PFOB group was significantly higher than that of the other groups during reperfusion (p < 0.01). There was no difference among the three groups in O2 extraction and cardiac efficiency; however, cardiac oxygen consumption in the O2 STS + PFOB group significantly improved during reperfusion. In the O2 STS + PFOB group, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and myocardial water content were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). This study suggests that PFOB emulsion is beneficial for the cardioprotection of donor hearts, allowing a prolonged cardiac storage time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
Abstract
Alcohol represents an important source of energy. Despite its comparatively high energy content of 7.1 g/kcal, it is still controversial whether moderate amounts of alcohol represent a risk factor for weight gain and obesity. Epidemiologic data showed a positive, negative, or no relationship between alcohol intake and body weight. Despite the difficulty in assessing alcohol intake as well as controlling for different confounders of the energy-balance equation, the conflicting epidemiologic data can be explained in most instances. Every component of the energy-balance equation is affected by the ingestion of alcohol. Moderate amounts of alcohol enhance energy intake due to the caloric content of the alcohol as well as its appetite-enhancing effects. Alcohol-induced thermogenesis is approximately 20% in healthy nonalcoholic subjects, i.e., moderate alcohol consumers, which is higher than for other energy substrates but considerably lower than in heavy alcohol consumers. This would suggest that a major fraction of the alcohol energy represents a navailable energy source for ATP synthesis in moderate non-daily alcohol consumers. Experimental evidence from several metabolic studies showed a suppression of lipid oxidation by alcohol and thus the enhancement of a positive fat balance. The nonoxidized fat is preferentially deposited in the abdominal area. The experimental metabolic evidence suggests that the consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol has to be accounted for in the energy-balance equation and may represent a risk factor for the development of a positive energy balance and thus weight gain. In the heavy alcohol consumer and eventually also in daily moderate alcohol consumers, a larger fraction of the alcohol energy might not be an available source of energy due to the induction of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS). Experimental data in combination with epidemiologic findings suggest that alcohol energy counts more in moderate nondaily alcohol consumers than in some moderate daily and all heavy consumers. Accordingly the question is not "Whether alcohol calories do count" but "How much do alcohol calories count?". There seems to be a large individual variability according to the absolute amount of alcohol consumed, the drinking frequency as well as genetic factors. Presently it can be said that alcohol calories count more in moderate nondaily consumers than in daily (heavy) consumers. Further, they count more in combination with a high-fat diet and in overweight and obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Suter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Policlinic, University Hospital, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Yoshita K, Miura K, Morikawa Y, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Soyama Y, Suwazono Y, Nogawa K, Nakagawa H. Relationship of alcohol consumption to 7-year blood pressure change in Japanese men. J Hypertens 2005; 23:1485-90. [PMID: 16003174 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000173394.39197.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of alcohol consumption with years-long blood pressure (BP) change, as well as baseline BP, adjusted for potential confounders. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING A metal-products factory in Toyama, Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3900 men aged 20-59 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BP was measured annually for 7 years after the baseline examination. The generalized estimating equation method was used to analyze the relationship of alcohol consumption to baseline BP and average annual BP change, adjusting for age, yearly weight, work-related factors, and lifestyle factors, including the frequency of intake of 22 food groups. RESULTS The baseline systolic BP after multivariate adjustment was 3.9 and 5.0 mmHg higher in drinkers consuming 200-299 and > or = 300 g alcohol/week, respectively, than in non-drinkers (P < 0.001). The annual increase in systolic BP was 0.44 mmHg greater in drinkers consuming > or = 300 g/week than in non-drinkers after adjustment for age and weight change (P < 0.001), where the increase over 7 years was estimated to be 3.08 mmHg greater. Even after being adjusted for the frequency of intake of 22 food groups, drinkers consuming > or = 300 g/week showed a 0.33 mmHg greater annual increase in systolic BP than non-drinkers (P = 0.022). Baseline diastolic BP was significantly associated with alcohol consumption, but annual BP change was not. CONCLUSIONS An alcohol intake > or = 300 g/week was associated with significantly greater annual BP increase, and baseline BP was significantly higher in drinkers consuming > or = 200 g/week. It is necessary to limit alcohol intake to less than 200 g/week to prevent hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
43
|
Yoo JH. Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is associated with essential hypertension in men born during the Pacific War. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:899-905. [PMID: 15869784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Age is a strong risk factor for hypertension in relation to vascular aging. Additional etiological factors include: lifestyle, genetic factors, and their interactions. The aim of this study is to examine whether an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with essential hypertension in Korean born during the Pacific War. A total of 13,914 healthy subjects (8261 men, 5653 women) aged 20-79 years were examined. Subjects with abnormal renal, thyroid dysfunction, or electrolyte levels were excluded. Logistic regression analysis showed increased risk (OR=1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31) in men, but not in women (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.89-1.26). However, after adjustment for age, obesity, cholesterol, alcohol consumption, and diabetes mellitus, increased risk in men was not significant (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.98-1.42). Analyzed according to birth-year, DD genotype showed increased risk for hypertension in only a subgroup of men (adjusted OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.16-2.09; p = 0.001), born during the Pacific War (1941-1945 year). Findings suggest that the ACE DD genotype plays a role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, in conjunction with adverse environmental conditions in early life, with sex-related difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
|
44
|
Wildman RP, Gu D, Muntner P, Huang G, Chen J, Duan X, He J. Alcohol intake and hypertension subtypes in Chinese men. J Hypertens 2005; 23:737-43. [PMID: 15775777 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000163141.82212.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between alcohol intake and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH). DESIGN Cross-sectional study of Chinese adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 5317 Chinese males who were not on antihypertensive medications from a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults aged 35-74 years. ISH was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) >/=140 mmHg and a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 90 mmHg, SDH as a SBP >/= 140 mmHg and DBP >/= 90 mmHg, and IDH as SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP >/= 90 mmHg. Alcohol intake was determined using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and participants were categorized either as non-drinkers (<12 drinks in the prior year) or by tertile of alcohol intake. RESULTS The odds ratios of all three hypertension subtypes were higher at higher levels of alcohol intake, with those in the highest alcohol intake category (>/=30 drinks/week) 2.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.3, 3.0), 2.2 (1.6, 3.1), and 2.1 (1.4, 3.1) times more likely to have ISH, SDH, or IDH, respectively, than non-drinkers. The population attributable risk percentage due to heavy drinking (>/=30 drinks/week) was 13.9% for ISH, 13.4% for SDH, and 12.0% for IDH. Liquor drinking, specifically, was associated with a higher odds ratio of ISH, while SDH and IDH associations did not differ by type of alcoholic beverage. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese males, higher intake of alcohol is associated with higher risk of ISH, SDH, and IDH. Efforts to reduce hypertension in China should include a strong focus on decreasing heavy alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Wildman
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Abstract
Hypertension is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In alcohol-consuming populations, the amount of alcohol consumption has significant impact on blood pressure values, the prevalence of hypertension, and cardiovascular as well as all-cause mortality. In this review, we focus on the connection between alcohol consumption and hypertension, and discuss the consequences on cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Huntgeburth
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Köln, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
46
|
Puddey IB, Beilin LJ. Alcohol and Hypertension. Hypertension 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7216-0258-5.50135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
|
47
|
Liu P, Xi Q, Ahmed A, Jaggar JH, Dopico AM. Essential role for smooth muscle BK channels in alcohol-induced cerebrovascular constriction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:18217-22. [PMID: 15604147 PMCID: PMC539764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0406096102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is associated with increased risk for cerebrovascular spasm and stroke. Acute exposure to ethanol at concentrations obtained during binge drinking constricts cerebral arteries in several species, including humans, but the mechanisms underlying this action are largely unknown. In a rodent model, we used fluorescence microscopy, patch-clamp electrophysiology, and pharmacological studies in intact cerebral arteries to pinpoint the molecular effectors of ethanol cerebrovascular constriction. Clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol elevated wall intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and caused a reversible constriction of cerebral arteries (EC(50) = 27 mM; E(max) = 100 mM) that depended on voltage-gated Ca(2+) entry into myocytes. However, ethanol did not directly increase voltage-dependent Ca(2+) currents in isolated myocytes. Constriction occurred because of an ethanol reduction in the frequency (-53%) and amplitude (-32%) of transient Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) currents. Ethanol inhibition of BK transients was caused by a reduction in Ca(2+) spark frequency (-49%), a subsarcolemmal Ca(2+) signal that evokes the BK transients, and a direct inhibition of BK channel steady-state activity (-44%). In contrast, ethanol failed to modify Ca(2+) waves, a major vasoconstrictor mechanism. Selective block of BK channels largely prevented ethanol constriction in pressurized arteries. This study pinpoints the Ca(2+) spark/BK channel negative-feedback mechanism as the primary effector of ethanol vasoconstriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengchong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Yamada Y, Noborisaka Y, Ishizaki M, Honda R, Tsuritani I, Yamada S. Association between Cigarette Consumption and Proteinuria in Healthy Japanese Men and Women from an Occupational Population. J Occup Health 2004; 46:365-73. [PMID: 15492453 DOI: 10.1539/joh.46.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between cigarette consumption and prevalence of mild proteinuria (30-99 mg/dl of albumin) was analyzed in 11,569 male and 4,715 female workers aged 18-67 yr recruited from an occupational population. Proteinuria was found in 274 (2.4%) of the total male workers and in 50 (1.1%) of the total females. Stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that sex, suspected diabetes mellitus, blood pressure (BP) and Brinkman Index (BI) levels (0, 1-199, 200-499, 500-799, 800-) were significantly related to proteinuria, and that the odds ratio of each BI level for proteinuria was 1.11 (C.I.: 1.01-1.67). In the subjects aged 50 yr or older, after excluding those suspected of having hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus, the odds ratio reached 1.37 (C.I.: 1.15-1.63), with the gender difference then no longer significant. The odds ratio for proteinuria was calculated as 5.44 (C.I.: 2.27-13.0) in male and female smokers having a BI of 500 or above and normal-high BP (130-139/85-89 mmHg) in comparison with nonsmokers having normal BP (<130/85 mmHg). These results suggest that heavy cigarette consumption represented by a BI of 500 or above is a risk factor of proteinuria even in healthy Japanese workers, particularly in those aged 50 yr or older and having normal-high BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine (Hygiene), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
49
|
Mao L, Li G, Abdel-Rahman AA. Effect of ethanol on reductions in norepinephrine electrochemical signal in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and hypotension elicited by I1-receptor activation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004; 27:1471-80. [PMID: 14506409 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000086062.95225.0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of the antagonistic hemodynamic interaction between ethanol and centrally acting sympatholytics is not known. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the imidazoline (I1)-receptor modulation of norepinephrine (NE) release within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) plays a pivotal role in this clinically relevant hemodynamic interaction. METHOD In anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats, the effects of centrally acting sympatholytics on RVLM NE electrochemical signal were investigated by in vivo electrochemistry along with cardiovascular responses in the absence and presence of ethanol. In vivo microdialysis in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats was used to confirm the electrochemical findings. RESULTS Clonidine (30 microg/kg, intravenously) or rilmenidine (400, 600, or 800 microg/kg) significantly reduced RVLM NE electrochemical signal (index of neuronal activity) and mean arterial pressure; rilmenidine effects were dose-related, and ethanol (1 g/kg) counteracted these responses. Ethanol (1 g/kg) pretreatment increased both RVLM NE electrochemical signal and blood pressure but did not influence the reductions in both variables elicited by subsequently administered clonidine. The alpha2-adrenergic antagonist 2-methoxyidazoxan (30 microg/kg) counteracted rilmenidine (800 microg/kg)-evoked responses. In vivo microdialysis in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats confirmed the electrochemical findings since clonidine- (30 microg/kg, intravenously) evoked reductions in RVLM NE and the associated hypotension were counteracted by ethanol (1 g/kg). CONCLUSIONS (1) Ethanol counteracts centrally mediated hypotension, at least in part, by increasing RVLM NE; (2) the interaction involves the I1 receptor modulation of RVLM neuronal activity; (3) the alpha2-adrenergic receptor contributes to the electrochemical and cardiovascular effects of high doses of rilmenidine, and (4) the RVLM is a neuroanatomical target for systemically administered ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Mao
- Division of pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
50
|
Suka M, Yoshida K, Sugimori H. Persistent insomnia is a predictor of hypertension in Japanese male workers. J Occup Health 2004; 45:344-50. [PMID: 14676413 DOI: 10.1539/joh.45.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is one of the most common complaints at worksites, as well as in the general population. This study aims to assess the effect of insomnia on the development of hypertension in Japanese male workers. Using the annual health examination database of a Japanese telecommunication company, eligible middle-aged male participants in the 1994 health examination were followed up until 1998 or the development of hypertension (either initiation of antihypertensive therapy or a systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg). The effect of difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was assessed with a DIS dataset (n=4,794), which included non-DIS (n=4,602) and persistent-DIS (n=192) subjects. That of difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) was assessed with a DMS dataset (n=4,443), which included non-DMS (n=4,157) and persistent-DMS (n=286) subjects. The incidence of hypertension among persistent-DIS (40.1%; 130.7 per 1,000 person-yr) was significantly higher than that among non-DIS (30.6%; 89.9 per 1,000 person-yr). The incidence of hypertension among persistent-DMS (42.3%; 136.7 per 1,000 person-yr) was significantly higher than that among non-DMS (30.7%; 90.8 per 1,000 person-yr). After adjusting for potential confounding factors (i.e. age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, and job stress), persistent complaints of DIS and DMS were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR=1.96; 95%CI: 1.42-2.70 and OR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.45-2.45, respectively). Persistent insomnia may be a useful predictor of hypertension in Japanese male workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Machi Suka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Sugao, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|