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Langille BL, Juárez M, Prieto N, Boison S, Lim PS, Swift BD, Garber AF. Candidate genes associated with fatty acid compositions in north American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2024; 25:1208. [PMID: 39695999 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-11131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are a requirement for normal development, however, since humans are unable to de novo produce essential fatty acids, they must be obtained from diet. Atlantic salmon is a major dietary source of nutritious and digestible fatty acids. Here, we set out to uncover the genomic basis of individual fatty acids and indices (saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3, and n-6) in 208 North American Atlantic salmon, to understand selection potential toward increasing relative quantities of essential fatty acids and to identify candidate genes for future research. Total n-6 (pro-inflammatory) was higher than total n-3 (anti-inflammatory) fatty acids with a ratio of 1 : 1.31 (n-3 : n-6). Heritability of fatty acids ranged from 0 to 0.99, however, most fatty acids and indices had moderate to high heritabilities (ranged from 0.20 to 0.88), implying that selection for improvement of traits could be possible. We found the same significant markers on chromosome 23 (based on false discovery rate thresholds of 2.0e-6 and suggestive significant thresholds of 2.0e-5 in Manhattan plots) in four fatty acids (γ-linoleic acid, stearidonic acid, dihimo-γ-linolenic acid, and eicosatrienoic acid), where three genes (sin3b, acbd6, and fads2) are known to be involved in lipid metabolism. These genes, fads2 in particular, would all make ideal candidates for future functional studies. In addition, there were four fatty acids with loci over the suggestive significant threshold with a variety of markers on different chromosomes (lauric acid, stearic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), and docosadienoic acid), with associated genes that had relevant functions to fatty acids or adipose cells in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Langille
- The Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Rd., St. Andrews, NB E5B 2L7, Canada.
| | - Manuel Juárez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Nuria Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Solomon Boison
- Mowi Genetics AS, Sandviksbodene 77A, Bergen, 5035, Norway
| | - Panya Sae Lim
- Mowi Genetics AS, Sandviksbodene 77A, Bergen, 5035, Norway
| | - Bruce D Swift
- Tri-Gen Fish Improvement Ltd., Site 13 Comp 27 RR1, Lacombe, AB, T4L 2N1, Canada
| | - Amber F Garber
- The Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Rd., St. Andrews, NB E5B 2L7, Canada
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Dang DX, Kim IH. Coated refined fish oil supplementation improves growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gustafsson HC, Dunn GA, Mitchell AJ, Holton KF, Loftis JM, Nigg JT, Sullivan EL. The association between heightened ADHD symptoms and cytokine and fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:855265. [PMID: 35935444 PMCID: PMC9353213 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.855265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research conducted with samples of children suggest that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have altered fatty acid concentrations and may have increased systemic inflammation. Whether these differences are also apparent in other populations of individuals with heightened ADHD symptoms (e.g., pregnant adults) is unknown. The goal of the current study was to examine whether there are ADHD-associated differences in polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations or pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations during pregnancy, a developmental period when fatty acid concentrations and systemic inflammation have implications for the health of both the pregnant person and the developing child. We hypothesized that plasma levels of the ratio of omega-6s to omega-3s (n-6:n-3) and plasma inflammatory cytokine levels would be higher in individuals with heightened ADHD symptoms, consistent with previous findings in children with ADHD. METHODS Data (N = 68) came from a prospective study of pregnant community volunteers who were oversampled for ADHD symptoms. During the 3rd trimester, plasma concentrations of fatty acids and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed. Dietary intake was examined in the 3rd trimester using three 24-h recalls conducted by trained dietitians and by examining plasma levels of conjugated linoleic acid (n-6) and α-linolenic acid (n-3), essential fatty acids that must come from dietary intake. RESULTS The group with heightened ADHD symptoms had higher n-6:n-3s (β = 0.30, p < 0.01) and higher TNF-α concentrations (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) relative to controls. There were no group differences in dietary variables, as assessed by self-report and via plasma concentrations of essential fatty acids. IL-6 was not reliably associated with ADHD status in this sample. CONCLUSION Pregnant individuals with ADHD, on average, had higher plasma n-6:n-3s and higher TNF-α concentrations relative to controls. A difference was not detected in their dietary intake of fatty acids or other relevant nutrients. Though these null findings are inconclusive, they are consistent with the hypothesis that ADHD-associated differences in plasma fatty acid concentrations are the result of ADHD-associated differences in fatty acid metabolism, rather than simply differences in dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna C Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Dunn
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - A J Mitchell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kathleen F Holton
- Departments of Health Studies and Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer M Loftis
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
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Evaluation of Borage ( Borago officinalis L.) Genotypes for Nutraceutical Value Based on Leaves Fatty Acids Composition. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010016. [PMID: 35010142 PMCID: PMC8750460 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a traditional vegetable grown and consumed in some Spanish regions. The objective of this study was to determine the variability and evolution of fatty acid composition in a borage germplasm collection formed by wild types, breeding lines, commercial varieties, and landraces. Fatty acids were analysed in petioles, the commonly edible part of the leaves, and the leaf blades, the by-product of the borage industry, in two growth stages: at the optimal harvest period (120 days after sowing) and at the end of the harvest period (150 days after sowing). The results showed that for each of the eight fatty acids identified, there were significant differences among the twelve borage genotypes depending on the developmental plant stage at sampling date and the part of the leaf analysed, the interaction effect also being statistically significant. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids identified were: linoleic acid (18:2 n6, LA), α-linolenic acid (18:3 n3, ALA), γ-linolenic acid (18:3 n6, GLA), and stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4, n-3), account for approximately 70% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Blue-flowered genotypes differ from white-flowered genotypes by their high content of ALA and SDA, which can be exploited in borage breeding programs. Petioles from young plants present higher n6 fatty acids, while older plants produce a great amount of n3 fatty acids. Besides, the higher content of ALA in the leaf blades gives them a good dietary potential. All these fatty acids, with multiple health benefits, support the nutraceutical interest of borage leaves (both petioles and leaf blades) for human consumption, animal feeding, medicine, and pharmacy.
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Anti-Inflammatory Function of Fatty Acids and Involvement of Their Metabolites in the Resolution of Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12803. [PMID: 34884621 PMCID: PMC8657960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in many lung functions. Disorders of lipid metabolism are part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lipids are involved in numerous cross-linkages with inflammation. Recent studies strongly support the involvement of fatty acids as participants in inflammation. They are involved in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, including acting as a substrate for the formation of lipid mediators of inflammation resolution. Specialized pro-inflammatory mediators (SPMs) belonging to the classes of lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed enzymatically from unsaturated fatty acids, are now described. Disorders of their production and function are part of the pathogenesis of COPD. SPMs are currently the subject of active research in order to find new drugs. Short-chain fatty acids are another important participant in metabolic and immune processes, and their role in the pathogenesis of COPD is of great clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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Trejo Rodríguez IS, Alcántara Quintana LE, Algara Suarez P, Ruiz Cabrera MA, Grajales Lagunes A. Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, Prebiotic Activity and Anticancer Potential in Human Cells of Jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus) Seed Flour. Molecules 2021; 26:4854. [PMID: 34443442 PMCID: PMC8398192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The general aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical properties, prebiotic activity and anticancer potential of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed flour. The drying processes of jackfruit seeds were performed at 50, 60 and 70 °C in order to choose the optimal temperature for obtaining the flour based on drying time, polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. The experimental values of the moisture ratio during jackfruit seed drying at different temperatures were obtained using Page's equation to establish the drying time for the required moisture between 5 and 7% in the flour. The temperature of 60 °C was considered adequate for obtaining good flour and for performing its characterization. The chemical composition, total dietary fiber, functional properties and antioxidant capacity were then examined in the flour. The seed flour contains carbohydrates (73.87 g/100 g), dietary fiber (31 g/100 g), protein (14 g/100 g) and lipids (1 g/100 g). The lipid profile showed that the flour contained monounsaturated (4 g/100 g) and polyunsaturated (46 g/100 g) fatty acids. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose were found to be the predominant soluble sugars, and non-digestible oligosaccharides like 1-kestose were also found. The total polyphenol content was 2.42 mg of gallic acid/g of the sample; furthermore, the antioxidant capacity obtained by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was 901.45 µmol Trolox/100 g and 1607.87 µmol Trolox/100 g, respectively. The obtained flour exhibited good functional properties, such as water and oil absorption capacity, swelling power and emulsifier capacity. Additionally, this flour had a protective and preventive effect which is associated with the potential prebiotic activity in Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum. These results demonstrate that jackfruit seed flour has good nutritional value and antioxidant and prebiotic activity, as well as potential protective effects and functional properties, making it an attractive food or ingredient in developing innovative functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibna Suli Trejo Rodríguez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.S.T.R.); (M.A.R.C.)
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78240, Mexico; (L.E.A.Q.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Luz Eugenia Alcántara Quintana
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78240, Mexico; (L.E.A.Q.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Paola Algara Suarez
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78240, Mexico; (L.E.A.Q.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Miguel Angel Ruiz Cabrera
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.S.T.R.); (M.A.R.C.)
| | - Alicia Grajales Lagunes
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.S.T.R.); (M.A.R.C.)
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Chakraborty K, Joy M. High-value compounds from the molluscs of marine and estuarine ecosystems as prospective functional food ingredients: An overview. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109637. [PMID: 33233216 PMCID: PMC7457972 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extensive biodiversity and availability of marine and estuarine molluscs, along with their their wide-range of utilities as food and nutraceutical resources developed keen attention of the food technologists and dieticians, particularly during the recent years. The current review comprehensively summarized the nutritional qualities, functional food attributes, and bioactive properties of these organisms. Among the phylum mollusca, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, and Gastropoda were mostly reported for their nutraceutical applications and bioactive properties. The online search tools, like Scifinder/Science Direct/PubMed/Google Scholar/MarinLit database and marine natural product reports (1984-2019) were used to comprehend the information about the molluscs. More than 1334 secondary metabolites were reported from marine molluscs between the periods from 1984 to 2019. Among various classes of specialized metabolites, terpenes were occupied by 55% in gastropods, whereas sterols occupied 41% in bivalves. The marketed nutraceuticals, such as CadalminTM green mussel extract (Perna viridis) and Lyprinol® (Perna canaliculus) were endowed with potential anti-inflammatory activities, and were used against arthritis. Molluscan-derived therapeutics, for example, ziconotide was used as an analgesic, and elisidepsin was used in the treatment of cancer. Greater numbers of granted patents (30%) during 2016-2019 recognized the increasing importance of bioactive compounds from molluscs. Consumption of molluscs as daily diets could be helpful in the enhancement of immunity, and reduce the risk of several ailments. The present review comprehended the high value compounds and functional food ingredients from marine and estuarine molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin-682018, Kerala, India.
| | - Minju Joy
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin-682018, Kerala, India
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Levels of n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids in Maternal Erythrocytes during Pregnancy and in Human Milk and Its Association with Perinatal Mental Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092773. [PMID: 32932815 PMCID: PMC7551231 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 FA) status may be associated with mood disorders. Here, we evaluated the potential association between antenatal depression/anxiety and n-3/n-6 FA in (a) maternal erythrocytes and (b) human milk. In addition, we explored associations between n-3/n-6 FA in erythrocytes and in human milk and postpartum depression, while controlling for antenatal depression. Twenty-seven pregnant women diagnosed with a current major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 9), anxiety disorder (AD; n = 10) or a mixed anxiety-depression disorder (MADD; n = 8), and 40 healthy controls were included. n-3/n-6 FA were determined in maternal erythrocytes in gestational week 32 and in human milk in postpartum week 1. In the first week postpartum, the Edinburgh-Postnatal-Depression-Questionnaire was used to assess postpartum depression. Results show that women with M(A)DD had significantly lower erythrocyte levels of total n-3 FA, EPA, DHA and DGLA, and significantly higher n-6 DPA, and n-6:n-3, AA:EPA and n-6 DPA:DHA ratios compared to healthy controls. No significant associations between antenatal depression or anxiety and n-3/n-6 FA in human milk were found. After controlling for antenatal mental health, n-3/n-6 FA in maternal erythrocytes or in human milk were not significantly associated with postpartum depression. In conclusion, antenatal depression, alone or with an anxiety disorder, was associated with lower n-3 FA levels and higher n-6:n-3 FA ratios in maternal erythrocytes during gestation. This study provides some insights into the associations between n-3/n-6 FA levels during pregnancy and lactation and perinatal mental health.
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Stańdo M, Piatek P, Namiecinska M, Lewkowicz P, Lewkowicz N. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids EPA and DHA as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2614. [PMID: 32867199 PMCID: PMC7551834 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease that leads to the loss of supportive tissues around the teeth with gradual deterioration of masticatory function and esthetics, resulting eventually in the decrease of the life quality. Host immune response triggered by bacterial biofilm is responsible for the chronic periodontal inflammation and ongoing tissue loss. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus may be used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFA in the patients with stage III and IV periodontitis. Thirty otherwise healthy patients were treated with scaling and root planning (SRP). In the test group (n = 16), patients were additionally supplemented with 2.6 g of EPA and 1.8 g of DHA. In the control group (n = 14), patients received only SRP. Periodontal examination was performed at baseline and three months following initial therapy. Salivary samples were taken twice at baseline and at the end of the experiment. We found that there was a statistically significant reduction in the bleeding on probing (BOP) and improvement of clinical attachment loss (CAL) at three months in the test group compared to the control group. Moreover, a statistically significant higher percentage of closed pockets (probing depth ≤ 4 mm without BOP) was achieved in the test group vs. control group after three months of treatment. Accordingly, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-17 were markedly lower, while the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was significantly higher in the salivary samples of the patients supplemented with omega-3 PUFA at three months in comparison to the patients treated with SRP alone. Our findings demonstrate that dietary intervention with high-dose of omega-3 PUFA during non-surgical therapy may have potential benefits in the management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Stańdo
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Paweł Piatek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (M.N.); (P.L.)
| | - Magdalena Namiecinska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (M.N.); (P.L.)
| | - Przemysław Lewkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (M.N.); (P.L.)
| | - Natalia Lewkowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
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The Role of Nutri(epi)genomics in Achieving the Body's Full Potential in Physical Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060498. [PMID: 32517297 PMCID: PMC7346155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity represents a powerful tool to achieve optimal health. The overall activation of several molecular pathways is associated with many beneficial effects, mainly converging towards a reduced systemic inflammation. Not surprisingly, regular activity can contribute to lowering the “epigenetic age”, acting as a modulator of risk toward several diseases and enhancing longevity. Behind this, there are complex molecular mechanisms induced by exercise, which modulate gene expression, also through epigenetic modifications. The exercise-induced epigenetic imprint can be transient or permanent and contributes to the muscle memory, which allows the skeletal muscle adaptation to environmental stimuli previously encountered. Nutrition, through key macro- and micronutrients with antioxidant properties, can play an important role in supporting skeletal muscle trophism and those molecular pathways triggering the beneficial effects of physical activity. Nutrients and antioxidant food components, reversibly altering the epigenetic imprint, have a big impact on the phenotype. This assigns a role of primary importance to nutri(epi)genomics, not only in optimizing physical performance, but also in promoting long term health. The crosstalk between physical activity and nutrition represents a major environmental pressure able to shape human genotypes and phenotypes, thus, choosing the right combination of lifestyle factors ensures health and longevity.
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Oonincx DG, Laurent S, Veenenbos ME, van Loon JJ. Dietary enrichment of edible insects with omega 3 fatty acids. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:500-509. [PMID: 30801963 PMCID: PMC7216978 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Edible insects are advocated as sustainable and healthy food and feed. However, commercially produced insects are often low in n-3 fatty acids and have suboptimal n-6/n-3 ratios. A certain amount and proportion of these FAs is required to optimize human health. Flaxseed oil consists primarily (57%) out of alpha-linolenic acid. An experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of flaxseed oil provision on fatty acid composition and to determine the quantity needed to attain a beneficial n-6/n-3 ratio. Three species were used in the experiment: house crickets (Acheta domesticus [L.]), lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus [Pfanzer]) and black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens [L.]). These were provided with either a control diet or a diet enriched with 1%, 2%, or 4% flaxseed oil during their larval/nymphal stage. Fatty acid profiles of diets and insects were determined via GC-MS. The three species had distinct fatty acid profiles on all four diets, but responded similarly to flaxseed oil addition. For each percent added to the diet, the alpha-linolenic acid content of the insects increased by 2.3%-2.7%. Four percent addition increased the n-3 fatty acid content 10-20 fold in the three species and thereby strongly decreased n-6/n-3 ratios from 18-36 to 0.8-2.4. A ratio below 5 is considered optimal for human health and was achieved by 2% flaxseed oil inclusion for house crickets and lesser mealworms, and at 1% inclusion for black soldier flies. Adding a source of n-3 fatty acids to insect diets can thus improve the nutritional quality of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G.A.B. Oonincx
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
- Sophie Laurent, ONIRISFood Process EngineeringUMR CNRS 6144 GEPEANantes Cedex 3France
| | - Margot E. Veenenbos
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Joop J.A. van Loon
- Laboratory of EntomologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
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Differential Physiological Responses Elicited by Ancient and Heritage Wheat Cultivars Compared to Modern Ones. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122879. [PMID: 31779167 PMCID: PMC6950659 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ancient, heritage, and modern wheat varieties appear rather similar from a nutritional point of view, having a similar gluten content and a comparable toxicity linked to their undigested gluten peptide, whenever the role of ancient end heritage wheat grains has been investigated in animal studies or in clinical trials, more anti-inflammatory effects have been associated with the older wheat varieties. This review provides a critical overview of existing data on the differential physiological responses that could be elicited in the human body by ancient and heritage grains compared to modern ones. The methodology used was that of analyzing the results of relevant studies conducted from 2010 through PubMed search, by using as keywords “ancient or heritage wheat”, “immune wheat” (protein or peptides), and immune gluten (protein or peptides). Our conclusion is that, even if we do not know exactly which molecular mechanisms are involved, ancient and heritage wheat varieties have different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proprieties with respect to modern cultivars. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that the health proprieties attributed to older cultivars could be related to wheat components which have positive roles in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and/or permeability.
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Stańdo M, Lewkowicz N. Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Stańdo
- Department of Periodontology and Oral DiseasesMedical University of Lodzul. Pomorska 25192‐213 LodzPoland
| | - Natalia Lewkowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral DiseasesMedical University of Lodzul. Pomorska 25192‐213 LodzPoland
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Trozzi C, Raffaelli F, Vignini A, Nanetti L, Gesuita R, Mazzanti L. Evaluation of antioxidative and diabetes-preventive properties of an ancient grain, KAMUT ® khorasan wheat, in healthy volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:151-161. [PMID: 29143934 PMCID: PMC6424920 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, there was an increasing interest on the use of ancient grains because of their better health-related composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate in healthy human subjects the antioxidative and diabetes-preventive properties of ancient KAMUT® khorasan wheat compared to modern wheat. METHODS The study was a randomized, non-blind, parallel arm study where the biochemical parameters of volunteers with a diet based on organic whole grain KAMUT® khorasan products, as the only source of cereal products were compared to a similar replacement diet based on organic whole grain modern durum wheat products. A total of 30 healthy volunteers were recruited and the intervention period lasted 16 weeks. Blood analyses were performed before and after the diet intervention. The effect of KAMUT® khorasan products on biochemical parameters was analyzed by multiple quantile regression adjusted for age, sex, physical activity and BMI compared to data at baseline. RESULTS Subjects receiving KAMUT® khorasan products showed a significantly greater decrease of fat mass (b = 3.7%; CI 1.6-5.5; p = 0.042), insulin (b = 2.4 µU/ml; CI 0.2-4.2; p = 0.036) and a significant increase of DHA (b = - 0.52%; CI - 1.1 to - 0.12; p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that a substitution diet with KAMUT® khorasan wheat products can reduce some markers associated to the development of type-2 diabetes compared to a diet of modern wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Raffaelli
- Biomedfood srl, Spinoff Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri n.65, 60128, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Arianna Vignini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Nanetti
- Biomedfood srl, Spinoff Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri n.65, 60128, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gesuita
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Epidemiologia, Biostatistica e Informatica medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzanti
- Biomedfood srl, Spinoff Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri n.65, 60128, Ancona, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Dillon GP, Wallace G, Yiannikouris A, Moran CA. An Accurate Assessment of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Laying Hen Serum for Regulatory Studies. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2019; 13:1177390118815146. [PMID: 30636867 PMCID: PMC6318818 DOI: 10.1177/1177390118815146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) have been associated with several
health benefits. With the increased interest in n-3 FA both scientifically and
societally, the accurate detection of such analytes has become increasingly
important. Recently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with electrospray
ionization interface (ESI), hyphenated to both gas chromatography (GC) and
liquid chromatography (LC), has become a valuable tool in the detection of
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization
interface-tandem mass spectrometry methods have been developed for the
determination of DHA in canine and poultry species. The objective of this
article is to investigate whether LC-ESI-MS/MS is fit for purpose for the
determination of DHA in laying hen serum. The disclosure of this work will be
beneficial for researchers investigating poultry enrichment for regulatory and
toxicological studies. The method was found to be linear over the range.
Precision and accuracy results met acceptance criteria and the Limit of
Quantitation (LOQ) was established as 1 µg/mL. Recoveries of DHA were obtained
for quality control samples and stability studies were performed. The results of
the verification study complimented those of the validation study. In summation,
the method was established as fit for purpose for measuring total DHA in laying
hen serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Patrick Dillon
- Gerald Patrick Dillon, Regulatory Affairs Dept., Alltech Ireland, Sarney, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, Co. Meath A86 X006, Ireland
| | - Geoff Wallace
- Geoff Wallace, LGC, Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5WW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Yiannikouris
- Alexandros Yiannikouris, Research Department, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, Kentucky 40356, USA
| | - Colm Anthony Moran
- Colm Anthony Moran, Regulatory Affairs Dept., Alltech SARL, Rue Charles Amand, 14500 Vire, France
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16
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Asbell PA, Maguire MG, Peskin E, Bunya VY, Kuklinski EJ. Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM©) Study: Study design and baseline characteristics. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 71:70-79. [PMID: 29883769 PMCID: PMC7250048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Describe trial design and baseline characteristics of participants in the DRy Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM©) Study. DESIGN Prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-masked "real-world" clinical trial assessing efficacy and safety of oral omega-3 (ω3) supplementation for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). METHODS RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 58.0 ± 13.2 years. Mean OSDI score at baseline was 44.4 ± 14.2. Mean conjunctival staining score (scale 0-6) was 3.0 ± 1.4, corneal staining score (scale 0-15) was 3.9 ± 2.7, tear break-up time was 3.1 ± 1.5 s, and Schirmer test was 9.6 ± 6.5 mm/5 min. CONCLUSIONS DREAM© participants mirror real world patients who seek intervention for their DED-related symptoms despite their current treatments. Results regarding the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation will be helpful to clinicians and patients with moderate to severe DED who are considering omega-3 as a treatment. This trial design may be a model for future RCT's on nutritional supplements and DED treatments seeking to provide useful information for clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02128763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny A Asbell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Ophthalmology, 1468 Madison Ave, Box 1183, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Maureen G Maguire
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Ophthalmology, 3535 Market Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ellen Peskin
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Ophthalmology, 3535 Market Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Vatinee Y Bunya
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Ophthalmology, 3535 Market Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Kuklinski
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Ophthalmology, 1468 Madison Ave, Box 1183, New York, NY 10029, United States
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17
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Li J, Gu Z, Pan Y, Wang S, Chen H, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. Dietary supplementation of α-linolenic acid induced conversion of n-3 LCPUFAs and reduced prostate cancer growth in a mouse model. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:136. [PMID: 28697730 PMCID: PMC5505143 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α-linolenic acid (ALA) is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the substrate for long-chain n-3 PUFAs. The beneficial effects of ALA on chronic diseases are still in dispute, unlike those of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Methods The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of ALA uptake from a vegetable oil source and its subsequent conversion to n-3 long-chain PUFAs (LCPUFAs) in the tissues of growing mice, and to investigate its protective role in a prostate cancer animal model. We carried out the investigation in prostate-specific Pten-knockout mice with specified low-ALA (L-ALA, 2.5%) and high-ALA (H-ALA, 7.5%) diets. Total fatty acids in blood, liver, epididymal fat pad, prostate were detected and prostate weight were adjusted for body weight (mg/25 g). Results We found that dietary ALA triggered significant increases in ALA, EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA levels and a significant decrease in arachidonic acid levels during the mice’s growth stage. A dose-dependent effect was observed for ALA, EPA and DPA, but not DHA. Furthermore, the average prostate weights in the L-ALA and H-ALA groups were lower than those in the control and n-6 groups, and similar to those in the EPA and n-3 groups. Conclusions Our data suggest that dietary supplementation with ALA is an efficient means of improving n-3 LCPUFAs in vivo, and it has a biologically effective role to play in prostate cancer, similar to that of fish oils. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0529-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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18
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First Investigation in the Biochemical Analysis of the Invasive Crab Portunus segnis from Tunisian Waters. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-2987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Sun W, Kang P, Xie M, Hou SS, Wu T, Mei HM, Liu YL, Hou YQ, Wu LY. Effects of full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets on growth performance and meat quality of Sichuan goose. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:655-662. [PMID: 27264639 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1190810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This trial was conducted to study the effect of full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets on growth performance, carcass and meat quality and fatty acid composition in Sichuan goose. A total of 204 Sichuan white male geese (28-d-old, 984 ± 15 g) were used in the 42-d assay. Full-fat rice bran inclusion in diets was 0%, 6%, 12% and 18%, respectively. On d 70, two geese from each pen were randomly selected and killed for measuring the carcass and meat quality and the meat fatty acid composition. The results showed that full-fat rice bran inclusion had no effect on average daily gain during 28-56 d, but rice bran inclusion at 18% increased average daily gain during 57-70 d. In addition, the full-fat rice bran supplementation decreased the subcutaneous fat yield, and the inclusion of full-fat rice bran in amounts of 12% and 18% decreased the half-eviscerated carcass yield, eviscerated carcass yield and crude fat content in goose meat. Moreover, full-fat rice bran supplementation had no effect on the content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA), but decreased the content of total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). The inclusion of full-fat rice bran in amounts of 12-18% increased the content of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and total n-6 in goose meat and in the amount of 18% increased n-3 fatty acids content in goose meat. The results indicated that the rice bran inclusion had a positive effect in geese by stimulating growth performance and improving meat quality and fatty acid composition of goose meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sun
- a Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , Hubei , China.,b Institute of Animal Sciences , Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science , Beijing , China
| | - P Kang
- a Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - M Xie
- b Institute of Animal Sciences , Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science , Beijing , China
| | - S S Hou
- b Institute of Animal Sciences , Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science , Beijing , China
| | - T Wu
- a Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - H M Mei
- a Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Y L Liu
- a Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Y Q Hou
- a Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - L Y Wu
- a Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
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Muldoon MF, Ryan CM, Yao JK, Conklin SM, Manuck SB. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and optimization of cognitive performance. Mil Med 2016; 179:95-105. [PMID: 25373092 DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-14-00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Low consumption of the omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenonic acids, is linked to delayed brain development and, in late life, increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. The current review focuses on cognitive functioning during midlife and summarizes available scientific evidence relevant to the hypothesis that adequate dietary consumption of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids is necessary for optimal cognitive performance. Taken together, the findings suggest that raising the currently low consumption among healthy adults may improve some aspects of cognitive performance. Nonetheless, evidence from randomized clinical trials is comparatively sparse and leaves unclear: (a) whether such effects are clinically significant, (b) whether effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA differ, (c) which dimensions of cognitive function are affected, (d) the dose-response relationships, or (e) the time course of the response. Clarification of these issues through both laboratory and clinical investigations is a priority given the broad implications for public health, as well as for military personnel and other positions of high performance demand and responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Muldoon
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Old Engineering Hall, Room 506, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Christopher M Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Fifth Avenue, Suite 106, Pittsburg, PA 15213
| | - Jeffrey K Yao
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7180 Highland Drive, Building 13, Room 131, Pittsburg, PA 15206
| | - Sarah M Conklin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Allegheny College, 520 North Main Street, Meadville, PA 16335
| | - Stephen B Manuck
- Behavioral Physiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Sennott Square, 3rd Floor, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
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Modulation of gamma-irradiation and carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in the brain of female rats by flaxseed oil. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Morgese MG, Trabace L. Maternal Malnutrition in the Etiopathogenesis of Psychiatric Diseases: Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Brain Sci 2016; 6:E24. [PMID: 27472366 PMCID: PMC5039453 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from human studies indicates that maternal metabolic state and malnutrition dramatically influence the risk for developing psychiatric complications in later adulthood. In this regard, the central role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and particularly n-3 PUFAs, is emerging considering that epidemiological evidences have established a negative correlation between n-3 PUFA consumption and development of mood disorders. These findings were supported by clinical studies indicating that low content of n-3 PUFAs in diet is linked to an increased susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. PUFAs regulate membrane fluidity and exert their central action by modulating synaptogenesis and neurotrophic factor expression, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. Moreover, they are precursors of molecules implicated in modulating immune and inflammatory processes in the brain. Importantly, their tissue concentrations are closely related to diet intake, especially to maternal consumption during embryonal life, considering that their synthesis from essential precursors has been shown to be inefficient in mammals. The scope of this review is to highlight the possible mechanisms of PUFA functions in the brain during pre- and post-natal period and to evaluate their role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy.
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Gao K, Liang Q, Zhao ZH, Li YF, Wang SF. Synergistic anticancer properties of docosahexaenoic acid and 5-fluorouracil through interference with energy metabolism and cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer cell line AGS cells. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2971-2980. [PMID: 26973393 PMCID: PMC4779920 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i10.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the synergistic effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the human gastric cancer cell line AGS and examine the underlying mechanism.
METHODS: AGS cells were cultured and treated with a series of concentrations of DHA and 5-FU alone or in combination for 24 and 48 h. To investigate the synergistic effect of DHA and 5-FU on AGS cells, the inhibition of cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay and cell morphology. Flow cytometric analysis was also used to assess cell cycle distribution, and the expression of mitochondrial electron transfer chain complexes (METCs) I, II and V in AGS cells was further determined by Western blot analysis.
RESULTS: DHA and 5-FU alone or in combination could markedly suppress the proliferation of AGS cells in a significant time and dose-dependent manner. DHA markedly strengthened the antiproliferative effect of 5-FU, decreasing the IC50 by 3.56-2.15-fold in an apparent synergy. The morphological changes of the cells were characterized by shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing and decreased adherence. Cell cycle analysis showed a shift of cells into the G0/G1 phase from the S phase following treatment with DHA or 5-FU (G0/G1 phase: 30.04% ± 1.54% vs 49.05% ± 6.41% and 63.39% ± 6.83%, respectively, P < 0.05; S phase: 56.76% ± 3.14% vs 34.75% ± 2.35% and 25.63% ± 2.21%, respectively, P < 0.05). Combination treatment of DHA and 5-FU resulted in a significantly larger shift toward the G0/G1 phase and subsequent reduction in S phase (G0/G1 phase: 69.06% ± 2.63% vs 49.05% ± 6.41% and 63.39% ± 6.83%, respectively, P < 0.05; S phase: 19.80% ± 4.30% vs 34.75% ± 2.35% and 25.63% ± 2.21%, respectively, P < 0.05). This synergy was also reflected in the significant downregulation of the expression of METCs in AGS cells.
CONCLUSION: Synergistic anticancer properties of DHA and 5-FU may involve interference with energy production of AGS cells via downregulation of METCs and cell cycle arrest.
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Morgese MG, Tucci P, Mhillaj E, Bove M, Schiavone S, Trabace L, Cuomo V. Lifelong Nutritional Omega-3 Deficiency Evokes Depressive-Like State Through Soluble Beta Amyloid. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2079-2089. [PMID: 26924315 PMCID: PMC5355522 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence pointed out that the prevalence of depression has reached epidemic proportions in last decades. This increase has been linked to many environmental factors, among these the influence of dietary factors has gained great attention. In particular, it has been reported that low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake in diet is correlated to the development of depressive and anxiety-like symptoms. Furthermore, maternal malnutrition is a widely accepted risk factor for developing mental illness in later adulthood; among others, depression has been strongly associated to this event. On the other hand, we have previously found that acute intracerebral injection of the soluble beta amyloid 1–42 (Aβ1–42) peptide induces a depressive-like behavior in rats, associated to altered hypothalamic–pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and reduced cortical serotonin and neurotrophin levels. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of pre- and post-natal (5 weeks post-weaning) exposure to diets differently enriched in n-3, n-6, as well as n-6/n-3 PUFA balanced, on immobility time displayed on the forced swimming test (FST), along with neuroendocrine quantification in offspring rats. Results showed that n-6 PUFA-enriched diet increased depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, as shown by the elevation in the immobility time in the FST test and self-grooming in the open field test. Those effects were accompanied by reduced cortical serotonin, high plasmatic corticosterone and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor levels. Finally, enhanced plasmatic Aβ1–42 levels after n-6 PUFA diet and reduced plasmatic Aβ1–42 levels after n-3 PUFA were found. Taken together, our data indicate that Aβ1–42 might be crucially involved in behavioral alterations found after n-6 rich PUFA diet and strongly endorse the protective role of n-3 and the detrimental effect of improper n-6 PUFA diet consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mhillaj
- Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Status in Pregnancy Determines the Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Status 3-, 6- and 12 Months Postpartum. Results from a Longitudinal Observational Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136409. [PMID: 26331947 PMCID: PMC4558022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential fatty acid status as well as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) declines during pregnancy and lactation. As a result, the DHA status may not be optimal for child development and may increase the risk for maternal postpartum depression. The objective of this study was to assess changes in the maternal fatty acid status from pregnancy to 12 months postpartum, and to study the impact of seafood consumption on the individual fatty acid status. METHODS Blood samples and seafood consumption habits (gestation week 28, and three-, six- and 12 months postpartum) were collected in a longitudinal observational study of pregnant and postpartum women (n = 118). Multilevel linear modeling was used to assess both changes over time in the fatty acid status of red blood cells (RBC), and in the seafood consumption. RESULTS Six fatty acids varied the most (>80%) across the four time points analyzed, including the derivative of the essential α-linoleic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), DHA; the essential linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6); and the LA derivative, arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6). Over all, a large variation in individuals' DHA- and AA status was observed; however, over the 15-month study period only small inter-individual differences in the longitudinal trajectory of DHA- and AA abundance in the RBC were detected. The median intake of seafood was lower than recommended. Regardless, the total weekly frequency of seafood and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3)/DHA-supplement intake predicted the maternal level of DHA (μg/g RBC). CONCLUSION The period of depletion of the maternal DHA status during pregnancy and lactation, seem to turn to repletion from about six months postpartum towards one year after childbirth, irrespective of RBC concentration of DHA during pregnancy. Seafood and EPA/DHA-supplement intake predicted the DHA levels over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.helseforskning.etikkom.no 2009/570/REC, project number: 083.09.
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Brain membrane lipids in major depression and anxiety disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1052-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Imran M, Revol-Junelles AM, Paris C, Guedon E, Linder M, Desobry S. Liposomal nanodelivery systems using soy and marine lecithin to encapsulate food biopreservative nisin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tozzi P. A unifying neuro-fasciagenic model of somatic dysfunction - Underlying mechanisms and treatment - Part II. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2015; 19:526-43. [PMID: 26118526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper offers an extensive review of the main fascia-mediated mechanisms underlying various therapeutic processes of clinical relevance for manual therapy. The concept of somatic dysfunction is revisited in light of the several fascial influences that may come into play during and after manual treatment. A change in perspective is thus proposed: from a nociceptive model that for decades has viewed somatic dysfunction as a neurologically-mediated phenomenon, to a unifying neuro-fascial model that integrates neural influences into a multifactorial and multidimensional interpretation of manual therapeutic effects as being partially, if not entirely, mediated by the fascia. By taking into consideration a wide spectrum of fascia-related factors - from cell-based mechanisms to cognitive and behavioural influences - a model emerges suggesting, amongst other results, a multidisciplinary-approach to the intervention of somatic dysfunction. Finally, it is proposed that a sixth osteopathic 'meta-model' - the connective tissue-fascial model - be added to the existing five models in osteopathic philosophy as the main interface between all body systems, thus providing a structural and functional framework for the body's homoeostatic potential and its inherent abilities to heal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tozzi
- School of Osteopathy C.R.O.M.O.N., Rome, Italy; C.O.ME. Collaboration, Pescara, Italy.
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Rajkumar V, Das AK, Verma AK. Effect of almond on technological, nutritional, textural and sensory characteristics of goat meat nuggets. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 51:3277-84. [PMID: 26396321 PMCID: PMC4571216 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An attempt was made through the present study to develop meat based functional food by incorporating almond nut at two different 2.5 and 5 % (Formulation 1 and 2) levels and observe its impact on the different quality attributes against control goat meat nuggets. Almond improved (P < 0.05) the emulsion stability of formulation 1 and 2. Product with 2.5 % almond had higher (P < 0.05) cooking yield than other two products, whereas expressible water was lower. Emulsion and products pH values increased with the addition of almond. Emulsion and products with almond had higher (P < 0.05) proximate values except moisture content. Textural properties of all the products did not differ significantly. Percent SFAs decreased (P < 0.05) and MUFAs were increased with the addition of almond. The fatty acids C16:0, C18:1, C18:2 were significantly higher in formulation 1 and 2 products. Almond incorporation can be a very good approach to enhance nutritional profile of the meat products without affecting acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Rajkumar
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, U.P 281 122 India
| | - Arun K. Das
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, U.P 281 122 India
| | - Arun K. Verma
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, U.P 281 122 India
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Moreno-Macias H, Romieu I. Reply: To PMID 24766873. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:763-4. [PMID: 25065722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:961438. [PMID: 24982916 PMCID: PMC4055633 DOI: 10.1155/2014/961438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroids cause muscle atrophy by acting on proteasomal and lysosomal systems and by affecting pathways related to muscular trophysm, such as the IGF-1/PI-3k/Akt/mTOR. Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3) has been used beneficially to attenuate muscle atrophy linked to sepsis and cachexia; however, its effect on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy has not been evaluated. Objectives. We evaluated whether n-3 supplementation could mitigate the development of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Methods. Two groups of Wistar rats were orally supplemented with n-3 or vehicle solution for 40 days. In the last 10 days, dexamethasone, or saline solution, was administrated establishing four groups: control, dexamethasone, n-3, and dexamethasone + n-3. The cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers, gene expression (MyoD, Myogenin, MuRF-1, and Atrogin-1), and protein expression (Akt, GSK3β, FOXO3a, and mTOR) were assessed. Results. Dexamethasone induced a significant loss in body and muscle weight, atrophy in type 2B fibers, and decreased expression of P-Akt, P-GSK3β, and P-FOXO3a. N-3 supplementation did not attenuate the negative effects of dexamethasone on skeletal muscle; instead, it caused atrophy in type 1, 2A, reduced the expression of Myogenin, and increased the expression of Atrogin-1. Conclusion. Food supplements containing n-3 are usually healthful, but they may potentiate some of the side effects of glucocorticoids.
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Sugasini D, Lokesh BR. Rats given linseed oil in microemulsion forms enriches the brain synaptic membrane with docosahexaenoic acid and enhances the neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 18:87-96. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bondi CO, Taha AY, Tock JL, Totah NK, Cheon Y, Torres GE, Rapoport SI, Moghaddam B. Adolescent behavior and dopamine availability are uniquely sensitive to dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:38-46. [PMID: 23890734 PMCID: PMC3858419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the nature of environmental factors that contribute to behavioral health is critical for successful prevention strategies in individuals at risk for psychiatric disorders. These factors are typically experiential in nature, such as stress and urbanicity, but nutrition--in particular dietary deficiency of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs)-has increasingly been implicated in the symptomatic onset of schizophrenia and mood disorders, which typically occurs during adolescence to early adulthood. Thus, adolescence might be the critical age range for the negative impact of diet as an environmental insult. METHODS A rat model involving consecutive generations of n-3 PUFA deficiency was developed on the basis of the assumption that dietary trends toward decreased consumption of these fats began 4-5 decades ago when the parents of current adolescents were born. Behavioral performance in a wide range of tasks as well as markers of dopamine-related neurotransmission was compared in adolescents and adults fed n-3 PUFA adequate and deficient diets. RESULTS In adolescents, dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency across consecutive generations produced a modality-selective and task-dependent impairment in cognitive and motivated behavior distinct from the deficits observed in adults. Although this dietary deficiency affected expression of dopamine-related proteins in both age groups in adolescents but not adults, there was an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase expression that was selective to the dorsal striatum. CONCLUSIONS These data support a nutritional contribution to optimal cognitive and affective functioning in adolescents. Furthermore, they suggest that n-3 PUFA deficiency disrupts adolescent behaviors through enhanced dorsal striatal dopamine availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina O. Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jody L. Tock
- Department of Neuroscience, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nelson K. Totah
- Department of Neuroscience, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yewon Cheon
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bita Moghaddam
- Department of Neuroscience, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Dawson DR, Branch-Mays G, Gonzalez OA, Ebersole JL. Dietary modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:161-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
All fats, including saturated fatty acids, have important roles in the body. However, the most important fats are those that the body cannot make and thus must come from the food we eat. These essential fatty acids (EFAs) are based on linoleic acid (omega-6 group) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3 group). We need both groups of essential fatty acids to survive. For various reasons EFA deficiency is common in the general population, as is a disproportionate intake of omega-6 fatty acids over omega-3 fatty acids. As such, it is important to eat the right foods to make sure that you're taking in enough and the right kinds of the essential fatty acids. However, there is much more to the story. Studies have shown that increasing the intake of certain essential fatty acids, either alone or in combination with other fats and compounds, can increase health, help in treating certain diseases, and even improve body composition, mental and physical performance.
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Patten AR, Sickmann HM, Dyer RA, Innis SM, Christie BR. Omega-3 fatty acids can reverse the long-term deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity caused by prenatal ethanol exposure. Neurosci Lett 2013; 551:7-11. [PMID: 23872044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders result in long-lasting neurological deficits including decreases in synaptic plasticity and deficits in learning and memory. In this study we examined the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Furthermore, we looked at the capacity for postnatal dietary intervention to rescue deficits in synaptic plasticity. Animals were fed an omega-3 enriched diet from birth until adulthood (PND55-70) and in vivo electrophysiology was performed by stimulating the medial perforant path input to the dentate gyrus and recording field excitatory post-synaptic potentials. LTP was induced by administering bursts of five 400 Hz pulses as a theta-patterned train of stimuli (200 ms inter-burst interval). Ethanol-exposed adult males, but not females, exhibited a significant reduction in LTP. This deficit in male animals was completely reversed with an omega-3 enriched diet. These results demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acids can have benefits following prenatal neuropathological insults and may be a viable option for alleviating some of the neurological deficits associated with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Patten
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Markhus MW, Skotheim S, Graff IE, Frøyland L, Braarud HC, Stormark KM, Malde MK. Low omega-3 index in pregnancy is a possible biological risk factor for postpartum depression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67617. [PMID: 23844041 PMCID: PMC3701051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common disorder affecting 10-15% women in the postpartum period. Postpartum depression can disrupt early mother-infant interaction, and constitutes a risk factor for early child development. Recently, attention has been drawn to the hypothesis that a low intake of seafood in pregnancy can be a risk factor for postpartum depression. Seafood is a unique dietary source of the marine omega-3 fatty acids and is a natural part of a healthy balanced diet that is especially important during pregnancy. METHODS In a community based prospective cohort in a municipality in Western Norway, we investigated both nutritional and psychological risk factors for postpartum depression. The source population was all women who were pregnant within the period November 2009 - June 2011. The fatty acid status in red blood cells was assessed in the 28(th) gestation week and participants were screened for postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) three months after delivery. The aim of the present study was to investigate if a low omega-3 index in pregnancy is a possible risk factor for postpartum depression. RESULTS In a simple regression model, the omega-3 index was associated with the EPDS score in a nonlinear inverse manner with an R square of 19. Thus, the low omega-3 index explained 19% of the variance in the EPDS score. The DPA content, DHA content, omega-3 index, omega-3/omega-6 ratio, total HUFA score, and the omega-3 HUFA score were all inversely correlated with the EPDS score. The EPDS scores of participants in the lowest omega-3 index quartile were significantly different to the three other omega-3 index quartiles. CONCLUSION In this study population, a low omega-3 index in late pregnancy was associated with higher depression score three months postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wik Markhus
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, NIFES, Bergen, Norway.
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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ameliorates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats possibly through up-regulation of Smad 7 and SnoN. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:330-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Role of omega-3 fatty acids in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases: a review of the evidence. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:633-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Omega-3 fatty acids inhibit tumor growth in a rat model of bladder cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:368178. [PMID: 23865049 PMCID: PMC3705844 DOI: 10.1155/2013/368178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids have been tested on prevention and treatment of several cancer types, but the efficacy on “in vivo” bladder cancer has not been analyzed yet. This study aimed at evaluating the chemopreventive efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) mixture in an animal model of bladder cancer. Forty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups during a 20-week protocol: control; carcinogen—N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN); ω-3 (DHA + EPA); and ω-3 + BBN. BBN and ω-3 were given during the initial 8 weeks. At week 20 blood and bladder were collected and checked for the presence of urothelium lesions and tumors, markers of inflammation, proliferation, and redox status. Incidence of bladder carcinoma was, control (0%), ω-3 (0%), BBN (65%), and ω-3 + BBN (62.5%). The ω-3 + BBN group had no infiltrative tumors or carcinoma in situ, and tumor volume was significantly reduced compared to the BBN (0.9 ± 0.1 mm3 versus 112.5 ± 6.4 mm3). Also, it showed a reduced MDA/TAS ratio and BBN-induced serum CRP, TGF-β1, and CD31 were prevented. In conclusion, omega-3 fatty acids inhibit the development of premalignant and malignant lesions in a rat model of bladder cancer, which might be due to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic properties.
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Nutritional status in relation to adipokines and oxidative stress is associated with disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition 2013; 28:1109-14. [PMID: 23044162 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed whether disease activity was associated with dietary habits, nutritional status, adipokines, and oxidative stress in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS The subjects were 37 patients with RA. The assessment of the nutritional status included anthropometric and biochemical parameters. A food-frequency questionnaire and a 3-d diet record to assess dietary intake were used. The serum levels of adipokines and oxidative stress markers in sera and saliva were measured. The disease activity was determined using the 28 Disease Activity Score (DAS28). We divided the subjects into high (DAS28 ≥3.2) and low (DAS28 <3.2) disease activity groups. RESULTS The serum leptin and albumin levels were significantly lower, whereas the inflammatory markers were increased, in the high disease activity group. The dietary intake assessment showed a lower intake of fish oil and a lower ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid intake in the high disease activity group. There was a negative correlation between the DAS28 and the dietary intake of the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid to total fatty acid intake. The serum oxidative stress marker (reactive oxygen metabolites) showed a positive correlation to the DAS28. The salivary reactive oxygen metabolites also correlated with C-reactive protein and serum reactive oxygen metabolites. CONCLUSION Altered serum adipokine levels with decreased albumin may reflect the deterioration that is associated with rheumatoid arthritis. An increased oxidative stress was observed in sera and saliva. Intakes of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish oil, and monounsaturated fatty acid seem to affect disease activity and may have beneficial effects by decreasing inflammation.
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Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, Metallinos G, Antoniou C, Oikonomou E, Kotroyiannis I, Tsantilas A, Tsitsinakis G, Tousoulis D, Panagiotakos DB, Stefanadis C. Cross-sectional relationship of a Mediterranean type diet to diastolic heart function in chronic heart failure patients. Heart Vessels 2012; 27:576-584. [PMID: 21947607 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-011-0190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Systolic and diastolic functions of both ventricles play a crucial role in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). As data about the role of dietary habits in ventricular dysfunction are lacking, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between biventricular diastolic and systolic function and dietary habits in patients with CHF. During 2007, 372 consecutive CHF patients were enrolled. Biventricular systolic and diastolic function was evaluated through echocardiography. Dietary habits were recorded using a food frequency questionnaire, and adherence to a Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the MedDietScore. The MedDietScore was positively correlated with log Smv, left atrial EF and V (p), and inversely correlated with log EA and log Emv/Amv levels (p < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, only log E/A levels were inversely associated with the MedDietScore (p < 0.05). Following analysis per specific aliments, the log E/A ratio was inversely associated with fish intake and olive oil use; the log Emv/Amv ratio was inversely associated with fish intake; log Stv was positively associated with fish, olive oil and pasta intake; log LAKE was positively associated with olive oil use and alcohol drinking (all p < 0.05). This study demonstrated, in a cross-sectional design, a potential beneficial effect of a Mediterranean diet on biventricular systolic and diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 46 Paleon Polemiston St., Glyfada, 166-74, Athens, Greece.
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Kilian M, Heukamp I, Gregor JI, Schimke I, Kristiansen G, Wenger FA. Fish oil, but not soy bean or olive oil enriched infusion decreases histopathological severity of acute pancreatitis in rats without affecting eicosanoid synthesis. Inflammation 2011; 34:597-602. [PMID: 20963474 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Different dietary fatty acids affect eicosanoid metabolism in different ways, thus influencing the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of [n-3], [n-6], and [n-9] fatty acids on eicosanoid metabolism and histopathology in acute pancreatitis in rats. Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (n = 15). Group 1 underwent only laparotomy, while in groups, 2-5 pancreatitis was induced. Groups 1 and 2 were then given saline infusion, groups 3-5 received fat emulsion (group 3: rich in [n-6], group 4: rich in [n-9], group 5: rich in [n-3] fatty acids) for another 18 h. Infusion rich in [n-3] fatty acids significantly decreased histopathological severity of pancreatitis, compared to all other groups. There was no difference concerning the concentrations of prostaglandins and leukotrienes between all groups. Parenteral infusion rich in [n-3] fatty acids reduced histopathological severity of acute pancreatitis in rats without changing eicosanoid metabolism at the endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Kilian
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery (Prof. Dr. J.M. Müller), Charité Campus Mitte, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Siddiqui RA, Harvey KA, Xu Z, Bammerlin EM, Walker C, Altenburg JD. Docosahexaenoic acid: a natural powerful adjuvant that improves efficacy for anticancer treatment with no adverse effects. Biofactors 2011; 37:399-412. [PMID: 22038684 DOI: 10.1002/biof.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked fish oil consumption to a decreased incidence of cancer. The anticancer effects of fish oil are mostly attributed to its content of omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, DHA, because of its unique effect of altering membrane composition, is often regarded as the major omega-3 fatty acid involved in anticancer activity. Although use of DHA as an anticancer drug to prevent or treat human cancer in clinical settings has not yet been well established, recent studies suggest that DHA can be very effective as an adjuvant with other anticancer agents. In this article, we present studies that show the role of DHA in improving anticancer drug efficacy. Several in vitro and animal studies suggest that combining DHA with other anticancer agents often improves efficacy of anticancer drugs and also reduces therapy-associated side effects. Incorporation of DHA in cellular membranes improves drug uptake, whereas increased lipid peroxidation is another mechanism for DHA-mediated enhanced efficacy of anticancer drugs. In addition, several intracellular targets including cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, mitogen-activated protein kinase, AKT, and BCL-2/BAX are found to play an important role in DHA-mediated additive or synergistic interaction with anticancer drugs. The data suggest that DHA is a safe, natural compound that can greatly improve the anticancer properties of anticancer drugs. Use of DHA with anticancer treatments provides an avenue to therapeutic improvement that involves less risk or side effects for patients and reduced regulatory burden for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat A Siddiqui
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Mahaffey KR, Sunderland EM, Chan HM, Choi AL, Grandjean P, Mariën K, Oken E, Sakamoto M, Schoeny R, Weihe P, Yan CH, Yasutake A. Balancing the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risks of methylmercury exposure from fish consumption. Nutr Rev 2011; 69:493-508. [PMID: 21884130 PMCID: PMC3219437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish and shellfish are widely available foods that provide important nutrients, particularly n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), to many populations globally. These nutrients, especially docosahexaenoic acid, confer benefits to brain and visual system development in infants and reduce risks of certain forms of heart disease in adults. However, fish and shellfish can also be a major source of methylmercury (MeHg), a known neurotoxicant that is particularly harmful to fetal brain development. This review documents the latest knowledge on the risks and benefits of seafood consumption for perinatal development of infants. It is possible to choose fish species that are both high in n-3 PUFAs and low in MeHg. A framework for providing dietary advice for women of childbearing age on how to maximize the dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs while minimizing MeHg exposures is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Mahaffey
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington DC, USA
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Simon E, Bardet B, Grégoire S, Acar N, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Bretillon L. Decreasing dietary linoleic acid promotes long chain omega-3 fatty acid incorporation into rat retina and modifies gene expression. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:628-35. [PMID: 21821023 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may be partially prevented by dietary habits privileging the consumption of ω3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3s) while lowering linoleic acid (LA) intake. The present study aimed to document whether following these epidemiological guidelines would enrich the neurosensory retina and RPE with ω3s and modulate gene expression in the neurosensory retina. Rat progenitors and pups were fed with diets containing low or high LA, and low or high ω3s. After scotopic single flash and 8-Hz-Flicker electroretinography, rat pups were euthanized at adulthood. The fatty acid profile of the neurosensory retina, RPE, liver, adipose tissue and plasma was analyzed using gas chromatography. Gene expression was analyzed with real-time PCR in the neurosensory retina. Diets rich in ω3s efficiently improved the incorporation of ω3s into the organs and tissues. This raising effect was magnified by lowering LA intake. Compared to a diet with high LA and low ω3s, low LA diets significantly upregulated LDL-receptor gene expression. Similar but not significant upregulation of CD36, ABCA1, ALOX5 and ALOX12 gene expression was observed in rats fed with low LA. No effect was observed on retinal function. Increasing the intake in ω3s and lowering LA improved the enrichment with ω3s of the tissues, including the neurosensory retina and RPE, and upregulated genes involved in lipid trafficking in the neurosensory retina. Those results consistently reinforced the beneficial role of ω3s in the prevention of AMD, especially when the diet contained low levels of LA, as suggested from epidemiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Simon
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 1324 INRA, 6265 CNRS, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Rossi R, Pastorelli G, Cannata S, Corino C. Recent advances in the use of fatty acids as supplements in pig diets: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Mita R, Beaulieu MJ, Field C, Godbout R. Brain fatty acid-binding protein and omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids: mechanistic insight into malignant glioma cell migration. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37005-15. [PMID: 20834042 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.170076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas (MG) are highly infiltrative tumors that consistently recur despite aggressive treatment. Brain fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7), which binds docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), localizes to sites of tumor infiltration and is associated with a poor prognosis in MG. Manipulation of FABP7 expression in MG cell lines affects cell migration, suggesting a role for FABP7 in tumor infiltration and recurrence. Here, we show that DHA inhibits and AA stimulates migration in an FABP7-dependent manner in U87 MG cells. We demonstrate that DHA binds to and sequesters FABP7 to the nucleus, resulting in decreased cell migration. This anti-migratory effect is partially dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, a DHA-activated transcription factor. Conversely, AA-bound FABP7 stimulates cell migration by activating cyclooxygenase-2 and reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels. Our data provide mechanistic insight as to why FABP7 is associated with a poor prognosis in MG and suggest that relative levels of DHA and AA in the tumor environment can make a profound impact on tumor growth properties. We propose that FABP7 and its fatty acid ligands may be key therapeutic targets for controlling the dissemination of MG cells within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mita
- Department of Oncology, School of Cancer, Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2
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Richard D, Bausero P, Schneider C, Visioli F. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3277-88. [PMID: 19590823 PMCID: PMC11115831 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Replacing saturated with polyunsaturated (PUFAs) rather than monounsaturated fatty acids or carbohydrates results in cardiovascular prevention over a wide range of intakes. The mechanisms by which PUFAs reduce cardiovascular risk are manifold, and the extent and precise nature of their activities is the subject of several investigations, spanning from in vitro mechanistic studies to human intervention trials. This article reviews the most up-to-date evidence of the association between PUFA consumption and reduced cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Richard
- Laboratory of Micronutrients and Cardiovascular Disease, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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