• SIRT1-mediated Notch1 pathway
• angiogenesis
• baicalein
• neuroinflammation
• vascular dementia (VD)

• Angiogenesis
• Gastric cancer
• Hypoxia
• Prognosis
• Tumor microvessels
• Vascular endothelial growth factor

• Biomarkers, Tumor
• Humans
• Microvessels
• Neovascularization, Pathologic
• Prognosis
• Stomach Neoplasms

Tissue micro‐morphological abnormalities and interrelated quantitative data can provide immediate evidences for tumorigenesis and metastasis in microenvironment. However, the multiscale three‐dimensional nondestructive pathological visualization, measurement, and quantitative analysis are still a challenging for the medical imaging and diagnosis. In this work, we employed the synchrotron‐based X‐ray phase‐contrast tomography (SR‐PCT) combined with phase‐and‐attenuation duality phase retrieval to reconstruct and extract the volumetric inner‐structural characteristics of tumors in digesting system, helpful for tumor typing and statistic calculation of different tumor specimens. On the basis of the feature set including eight types of tumor micro‐lesions presented by our SR‐PCT reconstruction with high density resolution, the AlexNet‐based deep convolutional neural network model was trained and obtained the 94.21% of average accuracy of auto‐classification for the eight types of tumors in digesting system. The micro‐pathomophological relationship of liver tumor angiogenesis and progression were revealed by quantitatively analyzing the microscopic changes of texture and grayscale features screened by a machine learning method of area under curve and principal component analysis. The results showed the specific path and clinical manifestations of tumor evolution and indicated that these progressions of tumor lesions rely on its inflammation microenvironment. Hence, this high phase‐contrast 3D pathological characteristics and automatic analysis methods exhibited excellent recognizable and classifiable for micro tumor lesions.

• angiogenesis
• liver cancer
• microenvironment
• pathology

• Area Under Curve
• Humans
• Intestinal Neoplasms/blood supply
• Intestinal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology
• Liver/blood supply
• Liver Neoplasms/blood supply
• Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Liver Neoplasms/pathology
• Machine Learning
• Microvessels/diagnostic imaging
• Neovascularization, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging
• Neural Networks, Computer
• Principal Component Analysis
• Specimen Handling/methods
• Stomach Neoplasms/blood supply
• Stomach Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Synchrotrons
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed
• Tumor Microenvironment
• X-Ray Microtomography/methods

• National Natural Science Foundation of China

• FISH
• HER2 overexpression
• Microvessel density
• Tumor angiogenesis

Background: Stent-jailing and stent-jack are used for stent-assisted coil embolism (SCE) in intracranial aneurysm (IA) therapy, and cause different incidences of IA recurrence. Angiogenesis strongly correlates with aneurysm accumulation. Stent-jack causes higher mechanical forces in cerebral vessels than stent-jailing. Mechanical forces, as well as TGF-β/Smad2,3,4 signaling pathway, may play an important factor in IA recurrence by affecting angiogenesis.

Methods: We explored the effects of stent-jailing or stent-jack technique on IA recurrence by investigating mechanical forces, TGF-β/Smad2,3,4 signaling pathway and the incidence of angiogenesis in IA patients. One-hundred-eighty-one IA patients were assigned into stent-jailing (n = 93) and stent-jacket groups (n = 88). The clinical outcome was evaluated using Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) and aneurysm occlusion grades. The percentage of CD34⁺EPCs (releasing pro-angiogenic cytokines) in peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometer. Endothelial cells were separated from cerebral aneurysm and malformed arteries via immunomagnetic cell sorting. Angiogenesis was measured by microvessel density (MVD) using anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody staining before using the stent, immediately after surgery and 2 years later. Meanwhile, the mechanical forces in cerebral vessels were determined by measuring endothelial shear stress (ESS) via a computational method. TGF-β and Smad2,3,4 were measured by real-time qPCR and Western Blot. Tube formation analysis was performed to test the relationship between angiogenesis and TGF-β, and the effects of different techniques on angiogenesis.

Results: After a 2-year follow-up, 85 and 81 patients from stent-jailing and stent-jack groups, respectively, completed the experiment. Stent-jailing technique improved GOS and reduced aneurysm occlusion grades higher than the stent-jack technique (P < 0.05). The counts of CD34⁺EPCs and MVD values in the stent-jailing group were lower than the stent-jack group (P < 0.05). ESS values in sent-jailing group were lower than the stent-jack group (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with MVD values (P < 0.05). TGF-β and Smad2,3,4 levels in sent-jailing group were also lower than the stent-jack group (P < 0.05). TGF-β was associated with angiogenesis incidence and stent-jack caused angiogenesis incidence more than stent-jailing.

Conclusion: Stent-jailing technique reduces IA recurrence more than stent-jack by causing less mechanical forces, angiogenesis and inhibiting TGF-β/Smad2,3,4 signaling in IA patients.

• 3
• 4
• Smad2
• TGF-β
• angiogenesis
• endothelial shear stress
• intracranial aneurysm
• microvessel density
• stent-jack
• stent-jailing

Background: Ischemia stroke is known as the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used to prevent and treat stoke for hundreds of years. The purpose of present study is to investigate the effects of BHD on angiogenesis in rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury targeting Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) / Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway.

Methods: The cerebral I/R injury model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Adult Sprag-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham group, normal saline (NS) group, BHD group, BHD+EX527 (SIRT1 specific inhibitor) group, and NS+EX527 group. Each group was divided into the subgroups according to 1, 3, 7, or 14 days time-point after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, respectively. Neurological function score (NFS) was evaluated by the Rogers scale; microvascular density (MVD) in brain tissue around infarction area was observed by immunofluorescence; and the expression of SIRT1 and VEGF was assessed by Western Blot and Quantitative Real-time-PCR.

Results: BHD can significantly improve NFS (P < 0.05), increase the MVD in the boundary ischemic area (P < 0.01) and elevate the expression of protein and mRNA of SIRT1 and VEGF following I/R injury (P < 0.01). In contrast, treatment with EX527 reversed the BHD-induced improvements in NFS (P < 0.01) and decreased the MVD (P < 0.01) and the expression of SIRT1 and VEGF (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: BHD exerts neuroprotection targeting angiogenesis through the up-regulation of SIRT1/VEGF pathway against cerebral ischemic injury in rats.

• Buyang Huanwu Decoction
• angiogenesis
• cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
• silent information regulator 1
• vascular endothelial growth factor