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Almasi L, Arkan E, Farzaei MH, Iranpanah A, Jalili C, Abbaszadeh F, Aghaz F, Fakhri S, Echeverría J. Preparation of Tragopogon graminifolius-loaded electrospun nanofibers and evaluating its wound healing activity in a rat model of skin scar. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1533010. [PMID: 39959420 PMCID: PMC11825791 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1533010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Growing reports are dedicated to providing novel agents for wound healing with fewer adverse effects and higher efficacy. The efficacy of nanofibers composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene oxide (PEO)/chitosan (CS) in promoting wound healing can be attributed to their ability to stimulate collagen production. Among the herbal agents with fewer adverse effects, Tragopogon graminifolius DC. [Asteraceae] (TG), also called "Sheng" in traditional Iranian medicine, is one of the most efficacious plants for treating various skin injuries due to its several pharmacological and biological effects like anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Purpose In the present study, our objective was to assess the wound-healing activity of PVA/PEO/CS nanofibers containing TG in a rat model of excision wound repair. Methods Synthesized nanofibers from PVA, PEO, and CS were done by the electrospinning method and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The release tests of nanofibers were assessed through the UV-visible method at different time intervals, which were conducted for about 60 h. To evaluate the wound healing effects, rats were divided into four distinct groups, including negative control (untreated), phenytoin cream (as positive control), polymer (PVA/PEO/CS), and drug (nanofiber-containing 50% of TG extract; named PVA/PEO/CS/TG) groups. All treatments were administered topically once daily for 14 days. Wound size changes were investigated in different time intervals. On the 15th day, nitrite and catalase serum levels were measured. Furthermore, samples of skin tissue were extracted and subjected to histopathological analysis. Results PVA/PEO/CS nanofibers containing 1.2 g of PVA, 0.3 g of PEO, and 0.8 g of CS, along with 50% of TG extract (PVA/PEO/CS/TG) at 17 kV were selected based on its favorable morphology and uniform quality. PVA/PEO/CS/TG represented a notable reduction in wound sizes. Moreover, in histopathological analysis, PVA/PEO/CS/TG showed a lower presence of inflammatory cells, higher density of dermis collagen fibers, and better regeneration of the epidemic layer. In addition, PVA/PEO/CS/TG elevated plasma antioxidant capacity via increasing catalase while reducing nitrite levels. Conclusion PVA/PEO/CS/TG is a promising wound dressing nanofiber with antioxidant and tissue regeneration potential. These results encourage further studies for the development of TG nanofibers as promising agents in treating and accelerating the process of excision wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Almasi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Arkan
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Aghaz
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Unver T, Uzuner U, Celik‐Uzuner S, Gurhan I, Sivri NS, Ozdemir Z. Elucidating the antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic potential of methanolic and water extracts of edible Tragopogon coelesyriacus Boiss. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:7252-7272. [PMID: 39479685 PMCID: PMC11521691 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tragopogon coelesyriacus is a pharmacotherapeutic herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and consumed as a vegetable. Here, the methanolic and water extracts of T. coelesyriacus were obtained from its aboveground parts (stem, leaves, and flowers), and the phytochemical potentials were investigated by LC-HRMS (liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry) analysis for the first time. The antibacterial, antifungal, and anticarcinogenic activities of T. coelesyriacus extracts were investigated using experimental and in silico methods. T. coelesyriacus methanol extract revealed remarkable inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia (MICs = 0.83, 1.67, and 1.67 mg/mL, respectively) compared to Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes (MIC = 53.3 mg/mL). Inhibitory effects of T. coelesyriacus methanolic extracts were also observed in all Candida species tested, with the highest inhibition on Candida krusei (MIC = 0.83 mg/mL), whereas no inhibitory effect was identified from the water extract. Additionally, both T. coelesyriacus methanolic (IC50 = 86 μg/mL) and water (IC50 = 92 μg/mL) extracts revealed significant selective anticarcinogenic effects on AR42J pancreatic cancer cells. HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells were, however, more resilient to methanol and water extract, respectively. In silico analyses further elucidated the noteworthy antibacterial potential of keracyanin chloride on S. aureus MurB enzyme and the remarkable inhibitory potential of naringin on FYN kinase specific for pancreatic cancer (AR42J) development. In conclusion, T. coelesyriacus phytochemicals with antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties were revealed for the first time, and molecular docking studies on potential targets confirmed good agreement with experimental findings. Therefore, the current studies on T. coelesyriacus provide the basis for investigating new pharmaceutical potentials of other Tragopogon members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Unver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of PharmacyInonu UniversityMalatyaTurkey
| | - Ugur Uzuner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceKaradeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Selcen Celik‐Uzuner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceKaradeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Ismet Gurhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of PharmacyInonu UniversityMalatyaTurkey
| | - Nur Sena Sivri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceKaradeniz Technical UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Zeynep Ozdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyInonu UniversityMalatyaTurkey
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Frountzas M, Karanikki E, Toutouza O, Sotirakis D, Schizas D, Theofilis P, Tousoulis D, Toutouzas KG. Exploring the Impact of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Investigating New Mechanisms for Emerging Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119399. [PMID: 37298350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), the most widely distributed anthocyanin (ACN) in edible fruits, has been proposed for several bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective, antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-thrombotic and epigenetic actions. However, habitual intake of ACNs and C3G may vary widely among populations, regions, and seasons, among individuals with different education and financial status. The main point of C3G absorption occurs in the small and large bowel. Therefore, it has been supposed that the treating properties of C3G might affect inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBDs develop through complex inflammatory pathways and sometimes may be resistant to conventional treatment strategies. C3G presents antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antimicrobial effects useful for IBD management. In particular, different studies have demonstrated that C3G inhibits NF-κB pathway activation. In addition, C3G activates the Nrf2 pathway. On the other hand, it modulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes and cytoprotective proteins, such as NAD(P)H, superoxide dismutase, heme-oxygenase (HO-1), thioredoxin, quinone reductase-oxide 1 (NQO1), catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. Interferon I and II pathways are downregulated by C3G inhibiting interferon-mediating inflammatory cascades. Moreover, C3G reduces reactive species and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as C reactive protein, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-17A in UC and CD patients. Finally, C3G modulates gut microbiota by inducing an increase in beneficial gut bacteria and increasing microbial abundances, thus mitigating dysbiosis. Thus, C3G presents activities that may have potential therapeutic and protective actions against IBD. Still, in the future, clinical trials should be designed to investigate the bioavailability of C3G in IBD patients and the proper therapeutic doses through different sources, aiming to the standardization of the exact clinical outcome and efficacy of C3G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximos Frountzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Karanikki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hippocration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Orsalia Toutouza
- School of Medicine, Imperial College of London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Demosthenis Sotirakis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- First Cardiology Department, "Hippocration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Department, "Hippocration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G Toutouzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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González-González RM, Barragán-Mendoza L, Peraza-Campos AL, Muñiz-Valencia R, Ceballos-Magaña SG, Parra-Delgado H. Validation of an HPLC-DAD method for the determination of plant phenolics. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Layeghi-Ghalehsoukhteh S, Jalaei J, Fazeli M, Memarian P, Shekarforoush SS. Evaluation of 'green' synthesis and biological activity of gold nanoparticles using Tragopogon dubius leaf extract as an antibacterial agent. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 12:1118-1124. [PMID: 30964024 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the use of 'green' synthesised nanoparticles with environmentally friendly properties is considered a novel therapeutic approach in medicine. Here, the authors evaluated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with Tragopogon dubius leaf extract and their antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. Colour changes from yellow to dark brown and a peak at 560 nm on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses were performed to determine particle sizes and functional groups involved in gold reduction. Moreover, using standard micro-dilution and disc-diffusion assays against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, the antimicrobial properties of synthesised AuNPs were investigated. To confirm antibacterial activity, synthesised AuNPs were applied in a rat model on burn wounds infected with S. aureus, and the nanoparticles were as effective as tetracycline in bacterial reduction and wound healing. In conclusion, the synthesis of AuNPs with aqueous T. dubius extract was rapid, simple, and inexpensive, and the synthesised nanoparticles had significant antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jafar Jalaei
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazeli
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Parastoo Memarian
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Pobłocka-Olech L, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Krauze-Baranowska M. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the buds from different species of Populus in human gingival fibroblast cells: Role of bioflavanones. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:1-9. [PMID: 30668329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poplar leaf-buds (Populi gemmae) are used traditionally as anti-inflammatory agents to the treatment of skin injuries or cough. They differ in their diverse chemical composition and different types of activities, whose mechanisms are not fully recognized. PURPOSE Evaluation and comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of leaf-buds extracts from Populus nigra, P. × berolinensis and P. lasiocarpa and flavanones - pinocembrin and pinostrobin towards human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) pro-inflammatory stimulated by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Determination of antioxidant activity associated with anti-inflammatory properties by means of bioautographic TLC tests. METHODS Phytochemical analysis was performed by TLC and videodensitometry analysis. The extracts were standardized on the pinocembrin and pinostrobin content. Bioautography was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and riboflavin-light blue tetrazolium chloride (riboflavin-light-NBT) radicals to assess the extracts and both flavanones radical scavenging properties as well as potential inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. The protective effects of poplar buds extract and flavanones - pinocembrin and pinostrobin on HGF-1 line exposured to AgNPs were investigated by analysis of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin IL-1β (IL-1β) level measured by ELISA kit. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of both cytokines was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The involvement of cyclooxygenase 2 protein (COX-2) was studied using Western blot analysis. RESULTS The presence of several flavanones and phenolic acids, which have radical scavenging properties, was revealed in all of the bud poplar extracts analyzed. Treatment with particular flavanones or extracts from buds of P. × berolinensis and P. nigra decreased the IL-6 and IL-1β release in HGF-1 cells and down-regulation of mRNA for both cytokines was observed. The COX-2 protein expression was demonstrated for pinocembrin and P. × berolinensis buds. These effects were not observed for buds from P. lasiocarpa not containing of flavonoids. CONCLUSION The potential protective role of pinocembrin and pinostrobin and extracts from buds P. nigra and P. × berolinensis against AgNPs induced inflammation and cytotoxicity in HGF-1 cells is disclosed. In addition, the antioxidant properties of poplar bud extracts have been demonstrated. P. × berolinensis buds showed the highest activity in both the in vitro model and in the bioautographic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Pobłocka-Olech
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland
| | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
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Lee YY, Saba E, Irfan M, Kim M, Chan JYL, Jeon BS, Choi SK, Rhee MH. The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Korean black ginseng. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:169-181. [PMID: 30668366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different processing conditions alter the ginseng bioactive compounds, promoting or reducing its anti-inflammatory effects. We compared black ginseng (BG) - that have been steamed 5 times - with red ginseng (RG). HYPOTHESIS/ PURPOSE To compare the anti-inflammatory activities and the anti-nociceptive properties of RG and BG. METHODS Nitric Oxide (NO) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay, quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema RESULTS: The ginsenoside contents were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and has been altered through increased processing. The highest concentration of these extracts inhibited NO production to near-basal levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 without exhibiting cytotoxicity. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression at the mRNA level was investigated using qRT-PCR. Comparatively, BG exhibited better inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, iNOS and COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Protein expression was determined using western blot analysis and BG exhibited stronger inhibition. Xylene-induced ear edema model in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats were carried out and tested with the effects of ginseng as well as dexamethasone and indomethacin - commonly used drugs. BG is a more potent anti-inflammatory agent, possesses anti-nociceptive properties, and has a strong potency comparable to the NSAIDs. CONCLUSION BG has more potent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects due to the change in ginsenoside component with increased processing.
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Key Words
- Abbreviations: TLR, Toll-like receptor
- Anti-inflammation
- Anti-nociceptive
- Black ginseng
- COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2
- Carrageenan-induced paw edema
- ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinases
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- I(max), Maximal inhibition
- IKK, inhibitor of kappa B kinase
- IL, Interleukin
- IκB/α, inhibitor kappa B-alpha
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharides
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor Kappa-B
- NO, Nitric oxide
- Panax ginseng
- TLR, Toll-like receptors
- TNF-α, Tumor necrotic factor alpha
- TRPV-1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
- Xylene-induced ear edema
- iNOS, inducible NO synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yee Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Evelyn Saba
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Minki Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Jireh Yi-Le Chan
- Department of Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Byeong Seon Jeon
- Research Institute, Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Geumsan-gun, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Sung Keun Choi
- Research Institute, Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Geumsan-gun, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, South Korea..
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Kang D, Shao Y, Zhu Z, Yin X, Shen B, Chen C, Xu Y, Shen J, Li H, Li X, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Systematically identifying the hepatoprotective ingredients of schisandra lignan extract from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:182-192. [PMID: 30668398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicines (HMs) have been proven to be productive sources of leads for the development of drugs. To date approximately 150 lignans have been identified from Schisandra sphenanthera. Hepatoprotective activity is a well-known characteristic of schisandra lignans, yet the authentic types of active lignans are still not well known. PURPOSE The present study aimed to develop a reliable and efficient strategy for identifying the hepatoprotective ingredients of schisandra lignan extract (SLE). METHODS SLEs were prepared by extracting Schisandra sphenanthera powder using 10%, 50% and 90% ethanol (w/w 1:10) combining 5-fold volume of ethyl acetate. The schisandra lignans in SLEs were qualitatively analyzed based on liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF). Preparative liquid chromatography (PLC) was used to collect ingredient fractions. The hepatoprotective activity of schisandra lignans was systematically investigated on in vivo and in vitro models. RESULTS The SLE extracted by 50% ethanol and 5-fold volume of ethyl acetate (50%SLE) had the highest lignan content and exhibited significantly stronger hepatoprotective activity than other SLEs (P < 0.01). The hepatoprotective effect of 50%SLE mainly attributed to the SLE segment which collected from 12 to 22 min by PLC. Schisantherin A (Sth A) was confirmed as the most promising hepatoprotective drug in Schisandra sphenanthera due to high content in crude materials, high exposure level in vivo and high efficiency on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The hepatoprotective ingredients of SLEs were systematically investigated based on the presently developed approach, and Sth A was identified as the optimum hepatoprotective candidate in Schisandra sphenanthera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Kang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhangpei Zhu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yin
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Boyu Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangfan Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haofeng Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinuo Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Sun NX, Liu HP, Liu XH, Zhang Y, Liu XQ, Wang S, Xu XX, Tian WT. Immunological activities of polysaccharide extracted fromElaeagnus angustifolia L. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1516240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na-xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-tan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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Zangeneh MM, Salmani S, Zangeneh A, Khedri R, Zarei MS. Histopathological and biochemical effects of aqueous extract of Tragopogon graminifolius on the liver tissues of Wistar rats fed with high-fat diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sadeghi A, Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R, Farzaei MH, Farzaei F, Haghighi ZMS, Abdollahi M. Biochemical and Histopathological Evidence on Beneficial Effects of Standardized Extract from Tragopogon graminifolius as a Dietary Supplement in Fatty Liver: Role of Oxidative Stress. J Diet Suppl 2018; 15:197-206. [PMID: 28759276 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1343888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (FLD) is a worldwide common liver disorder. Tragopogon graminifolius is used as a dietary supplement for liver disorders. This study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of a standardized preparation from T. graminifolius extract (TGE) in animal model of FLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD). The standardization of TGE based on phenolic compounds was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The HFD induced metabolic and hepatic damages. TGE significantly reduced the elevations of serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and hepatic enzymes (p =.001 for 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of TGE). Histopathological studies also confirmed beneficial effects of TGE in FLD. Activity of total antioxidant power, content of total thiol, myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation were significantly improved (p <.001). Dietary supplementation with TGE results in improvement of biochemical as well as histopathological parameters. Clinical trials are warranted to prove its efficacy and tolerability in patients with FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Sadeghi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- b Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- b Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- c Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
- d Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farzaei
- d Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- f Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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12
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Chemical profiling of Pterolobium hexapetalum leaves by HPLC analysis and its productive wound healing activities in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:287-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Cheraghi Niroumand M, Farzaei MH, Karimpour Razkenari E, Amin G, Khanavi M, Akbarzadeh T, Shams-Ardekani MR. An Evidence-Based Review on Medicinal Plants Used as Insecticide and Insect Repellent in Traditional Iranian Medicine. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e22361. [PMID: 27186389 PMCID: PMC4867175 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.22361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Context Insects can be the cause of major ecological problems; they can transmit microbes and parasites that affect humans, and damage food crops, trees, and homes. The total economic cost of insect-related damage and disease is immeasurable. In traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), several medicinal plants have been identified as insecticides or insect repellents, but many of them are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the insecticidal or insect repellent activity of certain medicinal plants described in TIM. Evidence Acquisition Information about medicinal plants proposed as insecticides and insect repellents in the TIM was collected from the TIM literature, and searched in modern medical databases to find studies that confirmed their efficacy. Results Modern investigations have supported the claims of the insecticidal activity of several plants, including Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, Citrullus colocynthis, Laurus nobilis, Mentha pulegium, Myrtus communis, Nerium oleander, Ocimum basilicum, and Origanum majorana. However, in the cases of plants like Iris florentina and Malva sylvestris, there is not enough evidence in modern medicine to prove their effectiveness with regard to their insecticidal and insect repellent activities. Conclusions This study confirmed the Iranian traditional medicine claims of the insecticidal and insect repellent activity of certain plants. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are recommended to evaluate the overall efficacy and possible mechanisms underlying these herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Cheraghi Niroumand
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Elahe Karimpour Razkenari
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Amin
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shams-Ardekani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Reza Shams-Ardekani, Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-9123443344, E-mail:
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Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Abbasabadi Z, Rahimi R. A comprehensive review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1467-80. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Elaeagnus angustifolia L., commonly known as oleaster or Russian olive, is used worldwide as a traditional natural remedy or nutritional agent for the management of a wide range of illnesses. The aim of the present study is to comprehensively review the ethnopharmacological uses, biological activities and phytochemistry of E. angustifolia.
Key findings
Modern scientific investigations suggest that the plant possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic effects, including antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, wound healing, cardioprotective, hypolipidemic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antitumour and gastroprotective activity. Various phytochemical constituents, including β-carboline alkaloids, polysaccharides, esters, flavone glycosides, phenols, phenolic acids, ketones, phenyl ethers, pyrimidines, steroids and terpenes, as well as nutritional components such as essential and non-essential amino acids and nutraceuticals like vitamins and fatty acids, have been identified in E. angustifolia.
Summary
Considering its wide variety of pharmacological activity as well as its huge diversity of active phytochemicals, E. angustifolia could be proposed as a good candidate for discovering new drugs. Further clinical and experimental studies are necessary to reveal the beneficial therapeutic, safety and pharmaceutical properties of E. angustifolia and its phytochemicals as a complementary and alternative medicine for the management of various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Abbasabadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. Role of dietary polyphenols in the management of peptic ulcer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6499-6517. [PMID: 26074689 PMCID: PMC4458761 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i21.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial and complex disease involving gastric and duodenal ulcers. Despite medical advances, the management of peptic ulcer and its complications remains a challenge, with high morbidity and death rates for the disease. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that, among a broad reach of natural molecules, dietary polyphenols with multiple biological mechanisms of action play a pivotal part in the management of gastric and duodenal ulcers. The current review confirmed that dietary polyphenols possess protective and therapeutic potential in peptic ulcer mediated by: improving cytoprotection, re-epithelialization, neovascularization, and angiogenesis; up-regulating tissue growth factors and prostaglandins; down-regulating anti-angiogenic factors; enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived NO; suppressing oxidative mucosal damage; amplifying antioxidant performance, antacid, and anti-secretory activity; increasing endogenous mucosal defensive agents; and blocking Helicobacter pylori colonization associated gastric morphological changes and gastroduodenal inflammation and ulceration. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity due to down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular and intercellular adhesion agents, suppressing leukocyte-endothelium interaction, inhibiting nuclear signaling pathways of inflammatory process, and modulating intracellular transduction and transcription pathways have key roles in the anti-ulcer action of dietary polyphenols. In conclusion, administration of a significant amount of dietary polyphenols in the human diet or as part of dietary supplementation along with conventional treatment can result in perfect security and treatment of peptic ulcer. Further well-designed preclinical and clinical tests are recommended in order to recognize higher levels of evidence for the confirmation of bioefficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in the management of peptic ulcer.
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Sodagari HR, Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Abdolghaffari AH, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N. Dietary anthocyanins as a complementary medicinal approach for management of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:807-20. [PMID: 25586636 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from a chronic or relapsing activation of the immune system in the GI tract. A growing body of evidence confirms the health benefits of dietary anthocyanins as plant-derived natural agents. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of several natural products rich in anthocyanins used worldwide for the treatment of IBD. Anthocyanins possess both protective and therapeutic functions in the management of IBD by alleviating oxidative stress processes, cytoprotective functions, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and suppressing cellular signaling pathways of inflammatory processes. In conclusion, the consumption of anthocyanin-rich natural formulations must be promoted on the basis of their possible function in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sodagari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Mina CN, Farzaei MH, Gholamreza A. Medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy: a review. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2015; 35:104-9. [PMID: 25842736 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacological activities of Peganum harmala L. (P. harmala, Nitrariaceae) in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) and modern phytotherapy. METHODS Opinions of TIM and modern phytotherapy about safety and acceptable dosage of this plant are discussed. Various medical properties of P. harmala were collected from important TIM references and added to scientific reports derived from modern medical databases like PubMed, Scirus, ScienceDirect and Scopus. RESULTS The main medicinal part of the plant is the seed. In TIM resources, this plant possesses various Pharmacological activities such as carminative, galactagogue, diuretic, emmenagogue, antithrombotic and analgesic. In modern phytotherapy, P. harmala demonstrated numerous medicinal effects including cardiovascular, neurologic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antineoplasmic, antiproliferative, gastrointestinal and antidiabetic effects. Adverse events such as neuro-sensorial symptoms, visual hallucination, bradycardia, hypotension, agitation, tremors, ataxia, abortion and vomiting cause people to use this plant cautiously. P. harmala is contraindicated during pregnancy, due to its abortive and mutagenic activities. Because of increasing the expression of CYP1A2, 2C19, and 3A4 and inhibition of monoamine oxidase, the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs which are mainly metabolized by these enzymes may be affected by P. harmala. CONCLUSION The medicinal properties declared for this plant in TIM are compared with those showed in modern phytotherapy. Some of the TIM properties were confirmed in modern phytotherapy like emetic and analgesic activities and some have not been evaluated in modern phytotherapy such as its therapeutic effects on paralysis, epilepsy and numbness. Finally, the current review provides the evidence for other researchers to use TIM properties of P. harmala as an efficacious natural drug. Further preclinical and clinical studies for adequate evaluating safety and therapeutic efficacy are recommended.
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Farzaei MH, Ghasemi-Niri SF, Abdolghafari AH, Baeeri M, Khanavi M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. Biochemical and histopathological evidence on the beneficial effects of Tragopogon graminifolius in TNBS-induced colitis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:429-436. [PMID: 25471611 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.923004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tragopogon graminifolius DC. (Compositae) (TG) has been proposed as an efficacious remedy for gastrointestinal ulcers in Iranian traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the efficacy of TG on experimental colitis and the responsible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS After induction of IBD by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), rats received standardized ethanol extract of TG aerial part at 20, 30, or 50 mg/kg/d orally. After 12 d, the rats were sacrificed and the colon was removed and assessed for macroscopic and microscopic changes. Also, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in the colon homogenate. RESULT TG extract significantly reduced macroscopic and microscopic scores of colitis with ED50 values of 23 and 39 mg/kg, respectively. MPO was significantly reduced in all plant extract groups with an ED50 value of 41 mg/kg. The ED50 values of extract for inhibition of TNF-α and LPO were 44 and 93 mg/kg, respectively. IL-1β significantly decreased by 50 mg/kg of TG extract (ED50 = 57 mg/kg). Total antioxidant power markedly increased by 50 mg/kg group (ED50 = 43 mg/kg). DISCUSSION TG exhibited efficacy on TNBS-induced colitis via anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and mucosal healing properties. CONCLUSION TG possesses promising healing function on colitis. Clinical trials are warranted to prove its efficacy and tolerability in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Farzaei MH, Farzaei F, Gooshe M, Abbasabadi Z, Rezaei N, Abdolghaffari AH. Potentially effective natural drugs in treatment for the most common rheumatic disorder: osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int 2014; 35:799-814. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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