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Owen MC, Zhou Y, Dudley H, Feehley T, Hahn A, Yokoyama CC, Axelrod ML, Lin CY, Wang D, Janowski AB. Novel murine model of human astrovirus infection reveals cardiovascular tropism . J Virol 2025:e0024025. [PMID: 40304490 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00240-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are a common cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans and have been linked to fatal cases of encephalitis. A major barrier to the study of human-infecting astroviruses is the lack of an in vivo model as previous attempts failed to identify a host that supports viral replication. We describe a novel murine model of infection using astrovirus VA1/HMO-C (VA1), an astrovirus with high seroprevalence in humans. VA1 is cardiotropic, and viral RNA levels peak in the heart tissue 7 days post-inoculation in multiple different murine genetic backgrounds. Infectious VA1 particles could be recovered from heart tissue 3 and 5 days post-inoculation. Viral capsid was detected intracellularly in the heart tissue by immunostaining, and viral RNA was detected in cardiac myocytes, endocardium, and endothelial cells based on fluorescent in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy. Histologically, we identified inflammatory infiltrates consistent with myocarditis in some mice, with viral RNA colocalizing with the infiltrates. These foci contained CD3 +T cells and CD68 +macrophages. Viral RNA levels increased by >10 fold in the heart tissue or serum samples from Rag1 or Stat1 knockout mice, demonstrating the role of both adaptive and innate immunity in the response to VA1 infection. Based on the in vivo tropisms, we tested cardiac-derived primary cells and determined that VA1 can replicate in primary human cardiac endothelial cells, suggesting a novel cardiovascular tropism in human cells. This novel in vivo model of a human-infecting astrovirus enables further characterization of the host immune response and reveals a new cardiovascular tropism of astroviruses. IMPORTANCE Astroviruses routinely cause infections in humans; however, few methods were available to study these viruses. Here, we describe the first animal system to study human-infecting astroviruses by using mice. We demonstrate that mice are susceptible to astrovirus VA1, a strain that commonly infects humans and has been linked to fatal brain infections. The virus infects the heart tissue and is associated with inflammation. When mice with impaired immune systems were infected with VA1, they were found to have higher amounts of the virus in their hearts and blood. We found that VA1 can infect cells from human blood vessels of the heart, which is associated with human health. This model will enable us to better understand how astroviruses cause disease and how the immune system responds to infection. Our findings also suggest that astroviruses could be linked to cardiovascular diseases, including in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macee C Owen
- Immunology Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuefang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Holly Dudley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Ashley Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christine C Yokoyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Margaret L Axelrod
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew B Janowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Tzanetakis IE, Aknadibossian V, Špak J, Constable F, Harper SJ, Hammond J, Candresse T, Folimonova SY, Freitas-Astúa J, Fuchs M, Jelkmann W, Maliogka VI, Marais A, Martin RR, Mollov D, Vidalakis G, Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic N, Al Rwahnih M, Alabi OJ, Alioto D, Atanda HY, Bagi F, Baranwal VK, Barbosa C, Bar-Joseph M, Batista Le Riverend L, Belien T, Benítez-Galeano MJ, Bennypaul H, Bertaccini A, Bester R, Blouin AG, Blystad DR, Botermans M, Bozan O, Brakta A, Brans Y, Bulajić A, Caglayan K, Catara A, Choueiri E, Cieślińska M, Cook G, Cui W, da Graça J, Davino S, Delmiglio C, Dewdney MM, Di Serio F, Diaz-Lara A, Digiaro M, Djelouah K, Dong YF, Donovan N, Druciarek TZ, Duran-Vila N, Elçi E, Esquivel-Fariña A, Fall ML, Fan XD, Figueroa J, Fiore N, Fowkes AR, Fox A, Fránová J, Fuchs R, Gaafar YZA, García ML, Ghosh D, Girardi E, Glasa M, Gomez Talquenca S, Gratz A, Gritsenko D, Hajeri S, Hajizadeh M, Hamborg Z, Ho T, Holeva M, Holkar SK, Horner M, Hurtado-Gonzales OP, Ippolito A, Isac V, Iwanami T, Jofre-Y-Garfias AE, Jordan R, Katis N, Koloniuk I, Konings H, Križanac I, Krueger R, Kyrychenko A, Laranjeira F, Lavagi-Craddock I, Levy A, Licciardello G, Lu QY, MacFarlane SA, Marcone C, et alTzanetakis IE, Aknadibossian V, Špak J, Constable F, Harper SJ, Hammond J, Candresse T, Folimonova SY, Freitas-Astúa J, Fuchs M, Jelkmann W, Maliogka VI, Marais A, Martin RR, Mollov D, Vidalakis G, Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic N, Al Rwahnih M, Alabi OJ, Alioto D, Atanda HY, Bagi F, Baranwal VK, Barbosa C, Bar-Joseph M, Batista Le Riverend L, Belien T, Benítez-Galeano MJ, Bennypaul H, Bertaccini A, Bester R, Blouin AG, Blystad DR, Botermans M, Bozan O, Brakta A, Brans Y, Bulajić A, Caglayan K, Catara A, Choueiri E, Cieślińska M, Cook G, Cui W, da Graça J, Davino S, Delmiglio C, Dewdney MM, Di Serio F, Diaz-Lara A, Digiaro M, Djelouah K, Dong YF, Donovan N, Druciarek TZ, Duran-Vila N, Elçi E, Esquivel-Fariña A, Fall ML, Fan XD, Figueroa J, Fiore N, Fowkes AR, Fox A, Fránová J, Fuchs R, Gaafar YZA, García ML, Ghosh D, Girardi E, Glasa M, Gomez Talquenca S, Gratz A, Gritsenko D, Hajeri S, Hajizadeh M, Hamborg Z, Ho T, Holeva M, Holkar SK, Horner M, Hurtado-Gonzales OP, Ippolito A, Isac V, Iwanami T, Jofre-Y-Garfias AE, Jordan R, Katis N, Koloniuk I, Konings H, Križanac I, Krueger R, Kyrychenko A, Laranjeira F, Lavagi-Craddock I, Levy A, Licciardello G, Lu QY, MacFarlane SA, Marcone C, Maree HJ, Margaria P, Martić A, Massart S, Mathioudakis MM, Matić S, Mavric Plesko I, Meekes ETM, Mehle N, Melzer MJ, Meng B, Menzel W, Miljanić V, Minafra A, Minutolo M, Mitra A, Moreno P, Navarro L, Navarro B, Nerva L, Okić A, Olmos A, Önelge N, Osundahunsi B, Palacios MF, Pallas V, Panno S, Perez-Egusquiza Z, Poudel-Ward B, Radišek S, Ramos-González PL, Ramteke P, Ranabhat NB, Rivarez MPS, Rivas F, Roenhorst A, Roy A, Ruiz-García AB, Sabanadzovic S, Šafářová D, Saldarelli P, Salem N, Sanahuja Solsona G, Schoen R, Sharma SK, Shilts T, Sierra-Mejia A, Singh S, Skelton A, Škorić D, Stainton D, Štajner N, Starović M, Stuchi E, Svoboda P, Tahzima R, Tang J, Tessitori M, Thermoz JP, Thompson E, Thompson J, Trebicki P, Turina M, Ulubas Serce C, Umble J, Valiunas D, Varallyay E, Varma A, Varveri C, Vásquez-Gutiérrez U, Vazquez-Iglesias I, Veerakone S, Villamor DE, Vives MC, Vončina D, Wang J, Westenberg M, Wetzel T, Winter S, Wright G, Wulff NA, Xu WX, Yokomi R, Zhou C, Zikeli K, Zindović J. Streamlining Global Germplasm Exchange: Integrating Scientific Rigor and Common Sense to Exclude Phantom Agents from Regulation. PLANT DISEASE 2025; 109:736-755. [PMID: 39743745 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-24-0745-fe] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
This collaborative work by over 180 researchers from 40+ countries addresses the challenges posed by "phantom agents"-putative pathogenic agents named in literature without supporting data on their existence. Those agents remain on regulatory lists, creating barriers in trade and plant certification. Historically identified based solely on symptoms, these agents lack isolates or sequence data, making reliable detection or risk assessment impossible. After reviewing over 120 such agents across 10 key plant genera, we recommend their removal from regulatory lists and call for revised standards aligned with modern diagnostics. This effort seeks to streamline germplasm exchange, benefiting global agriculture by removing the constraints imposed by phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - V Aknadibossian
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - J Špak
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - F Constable
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - S J Harper
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - J Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research, US National Arboretum, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - T Candresse
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - S Y Folimonova
- University of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - J Freitas-Astúa
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - M Fuchs
- Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - W Jelkmann
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - V I Maliogka
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Marais
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - R R Martin
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97339, U.S.A
| | - D Mollov
- USDA-APHIS-Plant Protection and Quarantine, Riverdale, MD 20737, U.S.A
| | - G Vidalakis
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, U.S.A
| | - N Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, U.S.A
| | - M Al Rwahnih
- Foundation Plant Services, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - O J Alabi
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX 78596, U.S.A
| | - D Alioto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - H Y Atanda
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - F Bagi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - V K Baranwal
- Advanced Centre of Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - C Barbosa
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | | | - L Batista Le Riverend
- Grupo de Fitopatología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fruticultura Tropical, La Habana, Cuba
| | - T Belien
- Proefcentrum Fruitteelt vzw (pcfruit vzw), Zoology Department, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium
| | - M J Benítez-Galeano
- Unidad de Genómica y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de la República, CENUR Litoral Norte, Salto, 50000, Uruguay
| | - H Bennypaul
- Centre for Plant Health - North Saanich, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), North Saanich, BC V8L 1H3, Canada
| | - A Bertaccini
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - R Bester
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - A G Blouin
- Research Group Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection Department, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - D-R Blystad
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - M Botermans
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health (NIVIP), National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - O Bozan
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Cukurova University 01330, Adana, Türkiye
| | - A Brakta
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni Sola, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India
| | - Y Brans
- CTIFL, Laboratoire de virologie fruitière, Centre de Lanxade, 24130 Prigonrieux, France
| | - A Bulajić
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Caglayan
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
| | - A Catara
- Formerly, Science and Technology Park of Sicily, ZI Blocco Palma I, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - E Choueiri
- Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Tal Amara, P.O. Box 287, Zahlé, Lebanon
| | - M Cieślińska
- Department of Plant Pathology, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - G Cook
- Citrus Research International, Graft Transmissible Diseases, Mpumalanga, 1200, South Africa
| | - W Cui
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - J da Graça
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, U.S.A
| | - S Davino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Science - University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Delmiglio
- Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - M M Dewdney
- Citrus Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - F Di Serio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - A Diaz-Lara
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - M Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - K Djelouah
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Y F Dong
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - FUNDECITRUS, Araraquara, 14807-040, Brazil
| | - N Donovan
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - FUNDECITRUS, Araraquara, 14807-040, Brazil
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - T Z Druciarek
- Department of Plant Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Duran-Vila
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113-Moncada Valencia, Spain
| | - E Elçi
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Türkiye
| | - A Esquivel-Fariña
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA) de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M L Fall
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and Université de Sherbrooke, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec, Canada
| | - X D Fan
- National Center for Eliminating Viruses from Deciduous Fruit Tree, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning 125100, China
| | - J Figueroa
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - N Fiore
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - A R Fowkes
- Fera Science Ltd., York Biotech Campus, York, U.K
| | - A Fox
- Fera Science Ltd., York Biotech Campus, York, U.K
| | - J Fránová
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - R Fuchs
- State Institute of Viticulture and Oenology (WBI), 79100 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Y Z A Gaafar
- Centre for Plant Health - North Saanich, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), North Saanich, BC V8L 1H3, Canada
| | - M L García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Ghosh
- ICAR - Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - E Girardi
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - M Glasa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - S Gomez Talquenca
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria - EEA Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A Gratz
- Centre for Plant Health - North Saanich, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), North Saanich, BC V8L 1H3, Canada
| | - D Gritsenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - S Hajeri
- Alliance of Pest Control Districts, Tulare, CA, U.S.A
| | - M Hajizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Z Hamborg
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - T Ho
- Driscoll's Inc., Watsonville, CA, U.S.A
| | - M Holeva
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Bacteriology, GR-14561 Athens, Greece
| | - S K Holkar
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune-412307, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Horner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - O P Hurtado-Gonzales
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health and Inspection Services, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - A Ippolito
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - V Isac
- Research Institute for Fruit Growing, O.P.1, C.P. 73, Arges, Pitesti, 110006, Romania
| | - T Iwanami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - A E Jofre-Y-Garfias
- Laboratory of Agrigenomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, León 37689, México
| | - R Jordan
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research, US National Arboretum, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - N Katis
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Koloniuk
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - H Konings
- Naktuinbouw, 2371 GD Roelofarendsveen, The Netherlands
| | - I Križanac
- Centre for Plant Protection, Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R Krueger
- USDA-ARS-NCGRCD, Riverside, CA 92507, U.S.A
| | - A Kyrychenko
- Plant Virus Laboratory, D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - F Laranjeira
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - I Lavagi-Craddock
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, U.S.A
| | - A Levy
- Citrus Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - G Licciardello
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 95024 Acireale, CT, Italy
| | - Q-Y Lu
- Department of Moriculture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - S A MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, U.K
| | - C Marcone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - H J Maree
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - P Margaria
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Plant Virus Department, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - A Martić
- Development Sector, 13. Jul Plantaže a.d., Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - S Massart
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - M M Mathioudakis
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Gr-73134, Chania, Greece
| | - S Matić
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - I Mavric Plesko
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - E T M Meekes
- Naktuinbouw, 2371 GD Roelofarendsveen, The Netherlands
| | - N Mehle
- National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M J Melzer
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A
| | - B Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Menzel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Plant Virus Department, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - V Miljanić
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Minafra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - M Minutolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - A Mitra
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, U.S.A
| | - P Moreno
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113-Moncada Valencia, Spain
| | - L Navarro
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113-Moncada Valencia, Spain
| | - B Navarro
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - L Nerva
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - A Okić
- University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Olmos
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113-Moncada Valencia, Spain
| | - N Önelge
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Cukurova University 01330, Adana, Türkiye
| | - B Osundahunsi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - M F Palacios
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - V Pallas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Panno
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Science - University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Z Perez-Egusquiza
- Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - B Poudel-Ward
- School of Plant Sciences - Yuma Agriculture Center, University of Arizona, Yuma, AZ 85364, U.S.A
| | - S Radišek
- Department of Plant Protection, Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, SI-3310 Žalec, Slovenia
| | - P L Ramos-González
- Instituto Biológico, Avenida Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 04014-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Ramteke
- Department of Biotechnology, Hislop College, Civil Lines, Nagpur 440001, India
| | - N B Ranabhat
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A
| | - M P S Rivarez
- Philippine Genome Center-Visayas, Philippines Caraga State University, Butuan City, 8600, Agusan del Norte, Philippines
| | - F Rivas
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay
| | - A Roenhorst
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health (NIVIP), National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Roy
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - A B Ruiz-García
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113-Moncada Valencia, Spain
| | - S Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, U.S.A
| | - D Šafářová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - P Saldarelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - N Salem
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - R Schoen
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health (NIVIP), National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S K Sharma
- Advanced Centre of Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - T Shilts
- Citrus Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - A Sierra-Mejia
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - S Singh
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - A Skelton
- Fera Science Ltd., York Biotech Campus, York, U.K
| | - D Škorić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Stainton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - N Štajner
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Starović
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - E Stuchi
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - P Svoboda
- Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., 438 14 Kadaňská, Czech Republic
| | - R Tahzima
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Tang
- Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - M Tessitori
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J-P Thermoz
- INRAE, Agap Antenne Corse, 20230, San Giuliano, France
| | - E Thompson
- Hortifrut Genetics Ltd., Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Thompson
- Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - P Trebicki
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - C Ulubas Serce
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Türkiye
| | - J Umble
- Fall Creek Farm and Nursery Inc., Lowell, OR 97452, U.S.A
| | - D Valiunas
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Nature Research Centre, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - E Varallyay
- Genomics Research Group, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - A Varma
- The Volcani Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - C Varveri
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Bacteriology, GR-14561 Athens, Greece
| | - U Vásquez-Gutiérrez
- Plant Virology Area, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
| | | | - S Veerakone
- Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - D E Villamor
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - M C Vives
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113-Moncada Valencia, Spain
| | - D Vončina
- Division of Phytomedicine - Department of Plant Pathology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Wang
- USDA-APHIS-Plant Protection and Quarantine, Riverdale, MD 20737, U.S.A
| | - M Westenberg
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive plants and Plant health (NIVIP), National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T Wetzel
- State Education and Research Center of Viticulture, Horticulture and Rural Development Rheinpfalz, Institute of Plant Protection, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a.d. Weinstraße, Germany
| | - S Winter
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Plant Virus Department, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - G Wright
- School of Plant Sciences - Yuma Agriculture Center, University of Arizona, Yuma, AZ 85364, U.S.A
| | - N A Wulff
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - FUNDECITRUS, Araraquara, 14807-040, Brazil
| | - W X Xu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - R Yokomi
- USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA 93648, U.S.A
| | - C Zhou
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - K Zikeli
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - J Zindović
- Department of Plant Protection, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
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3
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Rekvig OP. Why is it so difficult to understand why we don't understand human systemic lupus erythematosus? Contemplating facts, conflicts, and impact of "the causality cascade paradigm". Front Immunol 2025; 15:1507792. [PMID: 39936150 PMCID: PMC11811100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1507792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
In attempts to understand systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we find ourselves in the intellectual cross-point between nosology, pathogenicity-oriented science, philosophy, empiricism, and qualified conjectures. A vital consequence in science theory is that scientific hypotheses that are not critically investigated are in danger of being transformed into scientific dogmas. This statement has consequences for this study. Two central problematic aspects are discussed. For the first, we have to consider new selection principles for classification criteria-implying integration of the causality principle. Second, central historical data must be implemented if we aim to understand SLE. These data comprise famous descriptions of distinct, dynamically changing DNA structures linked to the genetic machinery. These unique structures have since their discoveries decades ago mostly been ignored in SLE research. Likewise, inconclusive dogmatic data indicate that different glomerular ligands are recognized by nephritogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies-exposed chromatin fragments or inherent membrane ligands. These incongruent models have not been comparatively and systematically investigated. Three research areas will be critically discussed: (i) selection and role of SLE classification criteria, a process that must imply the causality principle; (ii) definition and impact of anti-dsDNA structure-specific antibodies; (iii) incongruent pathogenic models that account for lupus nephritis. A precise and critically important question is if SLE itself is a response to a dominant unified cause that initiates a cascade of downstream effects (criteria) or if SLE represents combined responses to a random interplay of multiple cause-effect events. These principally different explanations are formally not excluded or accepted today. Currently, SLE may be regarded as a disease with phenotypic diversity, independently segregated manifestations with unresolved etiologies that are not unique to a single SLE phenotype. The focus for the present discussion is basically how we, by critical hypotheses, can re-consider science-based selection of SLE classification criteria in order to delimitate and rationalize SLE. Classification criteria, autoimmunity, DNA structures, and anti-dsDNA antibodies are integrated aspects in this discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Petter Rekvig
- Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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4
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Basile A, Riggio FP, Tescari M, Chebbi A, Sodo A, Bartoli F, Imperi F, Caneva G, Visca P. Metagenome-resolved functional traits of Rubrobacter species implicated in rosy discoloration of ancient frescoes in two Georgian Cathedrals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 958:178135. [PMID: 39705954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
Pink biofilm formation on stone monuments and mural paintings poses serious harm to cultural heritage preservation. Pink biofilms are globally widespread and recalcitrant to eradication, often causing recurrences after restoration. Yet, the ecological drivers of pink biofilm formation and the metabolic functions sustaining the growth of pigment-producing biodeteriogens remain unclear. In this study, a combined approach integrating physicochemical investigations, scanning electron microscopy, 16S rRNA sequence-based analysis of the prokaryotic community, metagenomic deep sequencing, and metabolic profiling, was applied to determine the etiology of rosy discoloration of ancient frescoes in the Gelati and the Martvili Cathedrals (Georgia). Martvili samples showed greater diversity than Gelati samples, though Actinomycetota predominated in both samples. Rubrobacter-related sequences were detected in all sampling sites, showing an overwhelming abundance in Gelati samples. Reconstruction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and phylogenetic analyses highlighted significant intra-genus diversity for Rubrobacter-related sequences, most of which could not be assigned to any formally described Rubrobacter species. Metabolic profiling of the Gelati metagenomes suggests that carbon-fixing autotrophic bacteria and proteinaceous substances in the plaster could contribute to sustaining the chemoorganotrophic members of the community. Complete pathways for β-carotene and bacterioruberin synthesis were identified in Rubrobacter MAGs, consistent with the Raman spectroscopy-based detection of these pigments in fresco samples. Gene clusters for the synthesis of secondary metabolites endowed with antibiotic activity were predicted from the annotation of Rubrobacter MAGs, along with genes conferring resistance to several antimicrobials and biocides. In conclusion, genome-resolved metagenomics provided robust evidence of a causal relationship between contamination by Rubrobacter-related carotenoid-producing bacteria and the rosy discoloration of Georgian frescoes, with relevant implications for rational biodeteriogen-targeted restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Basile
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Tescari
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; Biology Laboratory, Supporto ALES S.p.A. c/o Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Via di S. Michele, 25, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Alif Chebbi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Armida Sodo
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Bartoli
- Institute of Heritage Science (ISPC), National Research Center (CNR), SP35d, 9, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Imperi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina, 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Caneva
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina, 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina, 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
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Zheng H, Wu S, Wang W, Qiu W, Feng Y. Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Antihypertensive Drug, Gut Microbiota, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2025; 27:e14968. [PMID: 39821516 PMCID: PMC11771784 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
Limited research has investigated the impact of antihypertensive medications on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether gut microbiome (GM) mediates this association. Thus, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the potential impact of various antihypertensive drug target genes on T2DM and its complications. Genetic instruments for the expression of antihypertensive drug target genes were identified with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in blood, which should be associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP). Sensitivity analysis, including reverse causality detection, horizontal pleiotropy, phenotype scanning, and Bayesian colocalization, was used to validate our findings. We performed a two-step MR to detect the mediating role of GM. A 1-standard deviation (SD) decrease of KCNJ11 (acting on arteriolar smooth muscle, e.g., Pinacidil) gene expression was associated with lower SBP of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.31) mmHg, and a decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.76). Similarly, a 1-SD decrease of SLC12A2 (genetically a proxy for diuretics, for example, Torasemide) gene expression was correlated with a reduced risk of T2DM (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.92). Interestingly, this causal effect was influenced by a decrease in the gut microbiota abundance of the genus Ruminococcus (effect proportion = 11.2%). Colocalization supports these results (KCNJ11: 98% for diabetic retinopathy; SLC12A2: 99% for T2DM). Findings provide novel targets for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, emphasize the importance of KCNJ11 and SLC12A2 in future drug development, and highlight the significant mediating role of the genus Ruminococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zheng
- Department of CardiologyHypertension Research LaboratoryGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Shiping Wu
- Department of CardiologyHypertension Research LaboratoryGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of CardiologyHypertension Research LaboratoryGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weida Qiu
- Department of CardiologyHypertension Research LaboratoryGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingqing Feng
- Department of CardiologyHypertension Research LaboratoryGuangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
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6
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Fine DH. New Classification of Periodontal Diseases, the Obstacles Created and Opportunities for Growth. Pathogens 2024; 13:1098. [PMID: 39770356 PMCID: PMC11728499 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13121098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this Editorial is to expose the gaps in the knowledge created by a decision by the World Workshop Consensus Conference (WWCC), held in 2017, which was focused on the re-classification of periodontal diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Fine
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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7
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Dahl-Jørgensen K. Virus as the cause of type 1 diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:1020-1027. [PMID: 39003200 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D), a severe disease requiring intensive insulin treatment, carries an increased risk for complications and reduced lifespan. Certain viruses have been implicated in T1D's etiology, with 'live', replicating enteroviruses (EVs) recently found in the pancreas at diagnosis. This discovery prompted a trial to slow down disease progression using antiviral drugs. A 6-month treatment combining pleconaril and ribavirin in new-onset T1D patients preserved residual insulin production after 1 year, unlike placebo. The results support the theory that viruses may cause T1D in genetically susceptible individuals. A low-grade, persistent viral infection may initiate a cascade of pathogenic mechanisms initially involving the innate immune system, inducing β-cell stress and neoantigen release, leading to autoimmunity, and eventually the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Pediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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8
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Gray J, Kahl O, Zintl A. Pathogens transmitted by Ixodes ricinus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102402. [PMID: 39368217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus is the most important tick vector in central and western Europe and one of the most researched parasites. However, in the published literature on the tick and the pathogens it transmits, conjecture about specific transmission cycles and the clinical significance of certain microbes is not always clearly separated from confirmed facts. This article aims to present up-to-date, evidence-based information about the well-researched human pathogens tick-borne encephalitis virus, louping-ill virus, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and several Babesia species, with a focus on their development in the tick, transmission dynamics and the reservoir hosts that support their circulation in the environment. Borrelia miyamotoi, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia helvetica and Rickettsia monacensis, which are much less common causes of disease but may affect immunocompromised patients, are also briefly discussed. Finally, the possible role of I. ricinus in the transmission of Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, Bartonella spp. and Spiroplasma ixodetis is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Gray
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | - Annetta Zintl
- UCD School of Veterinary Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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9
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Beythien G, de le Roi M, Stanelle-Bertram S, Armando F, Heydemann L, Rosiak M, Becker S, Lamers MM, Kaiser FK, Haagmans BL, Ciurkiewicz M, Gabriel G, Osterhaus ADME, Baumgärtner W. Detection of Double-Stranded RNA Intermediates During SARS-CoV-2 Infections of Syrian Golden Hamsters with Monoclonal Antibodies and Its Implications for Histopathological Evaluation of In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11425. [PMID: 39518980 PMCID: PMC11546166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the challenges posed by the emergence and rapid global spread of previously unknown viruses. Early investigations on the pathogenesis of newly identified viruses are often hampered by a lack of appropriate sample material and conventional detection methods. In this study, viral replication within the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian golden hamsters was assessed by immunolabeling dsRNA intermediates with three different monoclonal antibodies in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The presence of dsRNA was compared to viral antigen levels, viral titers, and genomic RNA replicates using three different variants of concern and an ancestral virus strain at a single time point and during the course of infection with an ancestral variant, and then validated using fluorescent 2-plex in situ hybridization. The results indicate that the detection of viral infection using anti-dsRNA antibodies is restricted to an early phase of infection with high viral replication activity. Additionally, the combined detection of dsRNA intermediates and viral antigens may help to bridge the interpretation gaps between viral antigen levels and viral titers at a single time point. Further testing in other viral infections or species is needed to assess the potential of dsRNA as an early marker for viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Beythien
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Madeleine de le Roi
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Heydemann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Rosiak
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Becker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Mart M. Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.L.); (B.L.H.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Franziska K. Kaiser
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.K.); (A.D.M.E.O.)
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.L.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Gülşah Gabriel
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.-B.); (G.G.)
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.K.); (A.D.M.E.O.)
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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10
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Ge Z, Feng Y, Parry NM, Annamalai D, Carrasco SE, Guo M, Muthupalani S, Erdman SE, Fox JG. Prevalence and Pathologic Characterization of Mouse Kidney Parvovirus in Sentinel CD1 Mice. Comp Med 2024; 74:344-351. [PMID: 39503174 PMCID: PMC11524405 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-24-000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV) infection can cause significant morbidity and mortality by inducing moderate to severe inclusion body nephropathy and kidney fibrosis in aged immunodeficient mice. However, MKPV infection in immunocompetent mice is associated with histopathologic findings ranging from absent to minimal or moderate lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis without inclusion body in most cases. We surveyed the prevalence of MKPV via PCR from August 2019 through January 2021, using feces, kidneys, and livers collected and pooled from 2 sentinel mice [Crl:CD1(ICR)] (CD1) per surveillance cage (a total of 212 cages). CD1 mice used as dirty-bedding sentinels were housed for 6 mo in a separate cage on the same rack as colony mice used in research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. MKPV quantitative PCR positivity was 16.04%, 14.62%, and 10.02% for feces, kidney, and liver, respectively. The aggregate prevalence of MKPV was 22.64% (48 of 212 samples). Thirty-three of 103 rooms (32.04%) were MKPV positive. MKPV-positive kidneys had more severe chronic lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis (CLIN) than MKPV-negative kidneys; however, there was no significant difference in hepatic lesions between MKPV-positive and -negative livers. Although no overt intranuclear inclusion body nephropathy was noted in MKPV-positive CD1 kidneys, MKPV RNA was sporadically detected within tubular epithelial cells in MKPV-positive kidneys but not in MKPV-positive livers. Our study indicates that MKPV can be easily transmitted through soiled bedding. It highlights that CD1 mice can be used as sentinels to detect MKPV, emphasizing the importance of monitoring MKPV distribution using quantitative PCR in sentinel mice if MKPV needs to be excluded from a colony. Importantly, as MKPV infection is associated with mild to moderate CLIN, MKPV can potentially confound the interpretation of in vivo biomedical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Melody Guo
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Susan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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11
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Mordecai G, Di Cicco E, Deeg C, Bateman A, Teffer A, Miller K. Comment on a perspective: Molecular detections of new agents in finfish-Interpreting biological significance for fish health management. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2024; 36:220-230. [PMID: 39042565 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Impact statement The rapid development of genomic technologies has begun a new paradigm in the study and management of emerging infectious diseases. To inform the conservation of fish, here we examine different perspectives on how to determine thresholds for management action in the context of molecular tools and fisheries policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Mordecai
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Christoph Deeg
- Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Teffer
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristi Miller
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Selwyn JD, Despard BA, Vollmer MV, Trytten EC, Vollmer SV. Identification of putative coral pathogens in endangered Caribbean staghorn coral using machine learning. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16700. [PMID: 39289821 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Coral diseases contribute to the rapid decline in coral reefs worldwide, and yet coral bacterial pathogens have proved difficult to identify because 16S rRNA gene surveys typically identify tens to hundreds of disease-associate bacteria as putative pathogens. An example is white band disease (WBD), which has killed up to 95% of the now-endangered Caribbean Acropora corals since 1979, yet the pathogen is still unknown. The 16S rRNA gene surveys have identified hundreds of WBD-associated bacterial amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) from at least nine bacterial families with little consensus across studies. We conducted a multi-year, multi-site 16S rRNA gene sequencing comparison of 269 healthy and 143 WBD-infected Acropora cervicornis and used machine learning modelling to accurately predict disease outcomes and identify the top ASVs contributing to disease. Our ensemble ML models accurately predicted disease with greater than 97% accuracy and identified 19 disease-associated ASVs and five healthy-associated ASVs that were consistently differentially abundant across sampling periods. Using a tank-based transmission experiment, we tested whether the 19 disease-associated ASVs met the assumption of a pathogen and identified two pathogenic candidate ASVs-ASV25 Cysteiniphilum litorale and ASV8 Vibrio sp. to target for future isolation, cultivation, and confirmation of Henle-Koch's postulate via transmission assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Selwyn
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brecia A Despard
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miles V Vollmer
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily C Trytten
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven V Vollmer
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Meyers TR, Hickey N. A perspective: Molecular detections of new agents in finfish-Interpreting biological significance for fish health management: Response to comment. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2024; 36:231-238. [PMID: 39042521 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Impact statement The original paper provides a suggested pathway of investigative criteria to determine viability and pathogenicity of agents detected by molecular methods in fish for the purpose of interpreting biological significance for fish health management. This response defends this position regarding the requirement of certain scientific facts to determine the importance of a particular molecular discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Meyers
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Commercial Fisheries Division, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Nora Hickey
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Olympia, Washington, USA
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14
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Saxena J, Das S, Kumar A, Sharma A, Sharma L, Kaushik S, Kumar Srivastava V, Jamal Siddiqui A, Jyoti A. Biomarkers in sepsis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119891. [PMID: 39067500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction. Despite advances in understanding its pathology, sepsis remains a global health concern and remains a major contributor to mortality. Timely identification is crucial for improving clinical outcomes, as delayed treatment significantly impacts survival. Accordingly, biomarkers play a pivotal role in diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. This review comprehensively discusses various biomarkers in sepsis and their potential application in antimicrobial stewardship and risk assessment. Biomarkers such as white blood cell count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, presepsin, and procalcitonin have been extensively studied for their diagnostic and prognostic value as well as in guiding antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, this review explores the role of biomarkers in risk stratification, emphasizing the importance of identifying high-risk patients who may benefit from specific therapeutic interventions. Moreover, the review discusses the emerging field of transcriptional diagnostics and metagenomic sequencing. Advances in sequencing have enabled the identification of host response signatures and microbial genomes, offering insight into disease pathology and aiding species identification. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding and future directions of biomarker-based approaches in sepsis diagnosis, management, and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Sarvjeet Das
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Anshu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology,and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology,and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanket Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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15
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Lee W, Ben-Othman R, Skut P, Lee AHY, Barbosa AD, Beaman M, Currie A, Harvey NT, Kumarasinghe P, Hall RA, Potter J, Graves S, West NP, Cox AJ, Irwin PJ, Kollmann TR, Oskam CL. Molecular analysis of human tick-bitten skin yields signatures associated with distinct spatial and temporal trajectories - A proof-of-concept study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33600. [PMID: 39071681 PMCID: PMC11283101 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-associated diseases present challenges due to tridirectional interactions among host-specific responses, tick toxins and salivary proteins as well as microbes. We aimed to uncover molecular mechanisms in tick-bitten skin samples (cases) and contralateral skin samples (controls) collected simultaneously from the same participants, using spatial transcriptomics. Cases and controls analysed using NanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler identified 274 upregulated and 840 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), revealing perturbations in keratinization and immune system regulation. Samples of skin biopsies taken within 72 h post tick-bite DEGs had changes in protein metabolism and viral infection pathways as compared to samples taken 3 months post tick-bite, which instead displayed significant perturbations in several epigenetic regulatory pathways, highlighting the temporal nature of the host response following tick bites. Within-individual signatures distinguished tick-bitten samples from controls and identified between-individual signatures, offering promise for future biomarker discovery to guide prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Lee
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medical, Molecular, and Forensic Sciences, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Amy Huey-Yi Lee
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda D. Barbosa
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Miles Beaman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Currie
- School of Medical, Molecular, and Forensic Sciences, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan T. Harvey
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Prasad Kumarasinghe
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Western Dermatology, Hollywood Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Roy A. Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - James Potter
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen Graves
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter J. Irwin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | | | - Charlotte L. Oskam
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medical, Molecular, and Forensic Sciences, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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16
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Ristori MV, Guarrasi V, Soda P, Petrosillo N, Gurrieri F, Longo UG, Ciccozzi M, Riva E, Angeletti S. Emerging Microorganisms and Infectious Diseases: One Health Approach for Health Shared Vision. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:908. [PMID: 39062687 PMCID: PMC11275270 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are newly emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases identifies the following as emerging infectious diseases: SARS, MERS, COVID-19, influenza, fungal diseases, plague, schistosomiasis, smallpox, tick-borne diseases, and West Nile fever. The factors that should be taken into consideration are the genetic adaptation of microbial agents and the characteristics of the human host or environment. The new approach to identifying new possible pathogens will have to go through the One Health approach and omics integration data, which are capable of identifying high-priority microorganisms in a short period of time. New bioinformatics technologies enable global integration and sharing of surveillance data for rapid public health decision-making to detect and prevent epidemics and pandemics, ensuring timely response and effective prevention measures. Machine learning tools are being more frequently utilized in the realm of infectious diseases to predict sepsis in patients, diagnose infectious diseases early, and forecast the effectiveness of treatment or the appropriate choice of antibiotic regimen based on clinical data. We will discuss emerging microorganisms, omics techniques applied to infectious diseases, new computational solutions to evaluate biomarkers, and innovative tools that are useful for integrating omics data and electronic medical records data for the clinical management of emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Ristori
- Operative Research Unit of Laboratory, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (M.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Valerio Guarrasi
- Unit of Computer Systems and Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo Soda
- Unit of Computer Systems and Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.G.); (P.S.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicola Petrosillo
- Infection Prevention Control/Infectious Disease Service, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fiorella Gurrieri
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Operative Research Unit of Laboratory, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (M.C.); (E.R.)
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Riva
- Operative Research Unit of Laboratory, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (M.C.); (E.R.)
- Unit of Virology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Operative Research Unit of Laboratory, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (M.C.); (E.R.)
- Research Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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17
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Jackson M, Vineberg S, Theis KR. The Epistemology of Bacterial Virulence Factor Characterization. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1272. [PMID: 39065041 PMCID: PMC11278562 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of microbial pathogenesis seeks to identify the agents and mechanisms responsible for disease causation. Since Robert Koch introduced postulates that were used to guide the characterization of microbial pathogens, technological advances have substantially increased the capacity to rapidly identify a causative infectious agent. Research efforts currently focus on causation at the molecular level with a search for virulence factors (VFs) that contribute to different stages of the infectious process. We note that the quest to identify and characterize VFs sometimes lacks scientific rigor, and this suggests a need to examine the epistemology of VF characterization. We took this premise as an opportunity to explore the epistemology of VF characterization. In this perspective, we discuss how the characterization of various gene products that evolved to facilitate bacterial survival in the broader environment have potentially been prematurely mischaracterized as VFs that contribute to pathogenesis in the context of human biology. Examples of the reasoning that can affect misinterpretation, or at least a premature assignment of mechanistic causation, are provided. Our aim is to refine the categorization of VFs by emphasizing a broader biological view of their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Susan Vineberg
- Department of Philosophy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kevin R. Theis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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18
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Chen ZH, Sun JC, Yang TX, Cui GZ. Ability of Helicobacter pylori to internalize into Candida. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2281-2284. [PMID: 38690016 PMCID: PMC11056920 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i16.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The following are our views regarding the "letter to the editor" (Helicobacter is preserved in yeast vacuoles! Does Koch's postulates confirm it?) by Alipour and Gaeini, and the response "letter to the editor" (Candida accommodates non-culturable Helicobacter pylori in its vacuole-Koch's postulates aren't applicable) by Siavoshi and Saniee. Alipour and Gaeini rejected the methods, results, discussion, and conclusions summarized in a review article by Siavoshi and Saniee. The present article reviews and discusses evidence on the evolutionary adaptation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to thrive in Candida cell vacuoles and concludes that Candida could act as a Trojan horse, transporting potentially infectious H. pylori into the stomach of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou Province, China
- Joint Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Intestinal Microecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jian-Chao Sun
- Department of Quality Control, Guizhou Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Xiu Yang
- Department of Hospital Infection and Management, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Gu-Zhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou Province, China
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19
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Garcia C, Charles M, Chollet B, Nadeau A, Serpin D, Quintric L, Pépin JF, Houssin M, Lupo C. Understanding the role of Francisella halioticida in mussel mortalities in France: an integrative approach. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 158:81-99. [PMID: 38661140 DOI: 10.3354/dao03782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Since 2014, mass mortalities of mussels Mytilus spp. have occurred in production areas on the Atlantic coast of France. The aetiology of these outbreaks remained unknown until the bacterium Francisella halioticida was detected in some mussel mortality cases. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the association between F. halioticida and these mussel mortalities. Mussel batches (n = 45) from the Atlantic coast and English Channel were selected from archived individual samples (n = 863) collected either during or outside of mortality events between 2014 and 2017. All mussels were analysed by real-time PCR assays targeting F. halioticida; in addition, 185 were analysed using histological analysis and 178 by 16S rRNA metabarcoding. F. halioticida DNA was detected by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA metabarcoding in 282 and 34 mussels, respectively. Among these individuals, 82% (real-time PCR analysis) and 76% (16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis) were sampled during a mortality event. Histological analyses showed that moribund individuals had lesions mainly characterized by necrosis, haemocyte infiltration and granulomas. Risk factor analysis showed that mussel batches with more than 20% of PCR-positive individuals were more likely to have been sampled during a mortality event, and positive 16S rRNA metabarcoding batches increased the strength of the association with mortality by 11.6 times. The role of F. halioticida in mussel mortalities was determined by reviewing the available evidence. To this end, a causation criteria grid, tailored to marine diseases and molecular pathogen detection tools, allowed more evidence to be gathered on the causal role of this bacterium in mussel mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Garcia
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | | | - Bruno Chollet
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Aurélie Nadeau
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Delphine Serpin
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Laure Quintric
- Ifremer, IRSI, SEBIMER Service Bio-informatique d'Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Coralie Lupo
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
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20
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Chen X, Liao X, Chang S, Chen Z, Yang Q, Peng J, Hu W, Zhang X. Comprehensive insights into the differences of fungal communities at taxonomic and functional levels in stony coral Acropora intermedia under a natural bleaching event. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106419. [PMID: 38408405 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the correlations between bacterial communities and coral bleaching, but the knowledge of fungal roles in coral bleaching is still limited. In this study, the taxonomic and functional diversities of fungi in unbleached, partly bleached and bleached stony coral Acropora intermedia were investigated through the ITS-rRNA gene next-generation sequencing. An unexpected diversity of successfully classified fungi (a total of 167 fungal genera) was revealed in this study, and the partly bleached coral samples gained the highest fungal diversity, followed by bleached and unbleached coral samples. Among these fungi, 122 genera (nearly 73.2%) were rarely found in corals in previous studies, such as Calostoma and Morchella, which gave us a more comprehensive understanding of coral-associated fungi. Positively correlated fungal genera (Calostoma, Corticium, Derxomyces, Fusicolla, Penicillium and Vishniacozyma) and negative correlated fungal genera (Blastobotrys, Exophiala and Dacryopinax) with the coral bleaching were both detected. It was found that a series of fungal genera, dominant by Apiotrichum, a source of opportunistic infections, was significantly enriched; while another fungal group majoring in Fusicolla, a probiotic fungus, was distinctly depressed in the bleached coral. It was also noteworthy that the abundance of pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Didymella and Trichosporon showed a rising trend; while the saprotrophic fungi, including Tricladium, Botryotrichum and Scleropezicula demostrated a declining trend as the bleaching deteriorating. The rising of pathogenic fungi and the declining of saprotrophic fungi revealed the basic rules of fungal community transitions in the coral bleaching, but the mechanism of coral-associated fungal interactions still lacks further investigation. Overall, this is an investigation focused on the differences of fungal communities at taxonomic and functional levels in stony coral A. intermedia under different bleaching statuses, which provides a better comprehension of the correlations between fungal communities and the coral bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shihan Chang
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zihui Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiaoting Yang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingjing Peng
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weihui Hu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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21
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Gibson L, Shadbolt T, Paul P, Gerard G, Wrigglesworth E, Sainsbury AW, Donald H, Jaffe JE, Januszczak I, Fitzpatrick LD, Burrell C, Davies H, Dastjerdi A, Spiro S. Prevalence and Molecular Analysis of Encephalomyocarditis Virus-2 in the Hazel Dormouse. ECOHEALTH 2024; 21:112-122. [PMID: 38653850 PMCID: PMC11897066 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-024-01680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) population in the UK continues to decline due to habitat loss, despite reintroductions of captive-bred individuals being conducted nationally for over 30 years. Disease surveillance of captive-bred and wild dormice is performed to identify novel and existing disease threats which could impact populations. In this study, we firstly investigated cause of death in seven hazel dormice found dead in England, through next-generation sequencing identifying a virus closely related to a wood mouse encephalomyocarditis virus-2 (EMCV-2). Subsequently, lung tissue samples from 35 out of 44 hazel dormice tested positive for EMCV-2 RNA using a reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Sanger sequencing methods developed in this study. Formalin-fixed tissues available for nine hazel dormice which tested positive for EMCV-2 RNA were examined microscopically. Three cases showed moderate interstitial pneumonia with minimal to mild lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis, but no evidence of encephalitis. However, the presence of possible alternative causes of death in these cases means that the lesions cannot be definitively attributed to EMCV-2. Here, we report the first detection of EMCV-2 in hazel dormice and conclude that EMCV-2 is likely to be endemic in the hazel dormouse population in England and may be associated with clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Gibson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
| | - Tammy Shadbolt
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Pranab Paul
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Georgina Gerard
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | | | | | - Helen Donald
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
- Natural England, London, UK
| | - Jenny E Jaffe
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
- Tai Chimpanzee Project, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Inez Januszczak
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
- Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Liam D Fitzpatrick
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | | | - Hannah Davies
- Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Simon Spiro
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
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22
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Rekvig OP. The greatest contribution to medical science is the transformation from studying symptoms to studying their causes-the unrelenting legacy of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur-and a causality perspective to approach a definition of SLE. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346619. [PMID: 38361929 PMCID: PMC10867267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The basic initiative related to this study is derived from the fact that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a unique and fertile system science subject. We are, however, still far from understanding its nature. It may be fair to indicate that we are spending more time and resources on studying the complexity of classified SLE than studying the validity of classification criteria. This study represents a theoretical analysis of current instinctual SLE classification criteria based on "the causality principle." The discussion has its basis on the radical scientific traditions introduced by Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur. They announced significant changes in our thinking of disease etiology through the implementation of the modern version of "the causality principle." They influenced all aspects of today's medical concepts and research: the transformation of medical science from studies of symptoms to study their causes, relevant for monosymptomatic diseases as for syndromes. Their studies focused on bacteria as causes of infectious diseases and on how the immune system adapts to control and prevent contagious spreading. This is the most significant paradigm shift in the modern history of medicine and resulted in radical changes in our view of the immune system. They described acquired post-infection immunity and active immunization by antigen-specific vaccines. The paradigm "transformation" has a great theoretical impact also on current studies of autoimmune diseases like SLE: symptoms and their cause(s). In this study, the evolution of SLE classification and diagnostic criteria is discussed from "the causality principle" perspective, and if contemporary SLE classification criteria are as useful as believed today for SLE research. This skepticism is based on the fact that classification criteria are not selected based on cogent causal strategies. The SLE classification criteria do not harmonize with Koch's and Pasteur's causality principle paradigms and not with Witebsky's Koch-derived postulates for autoimmune and infectious diseases. It is not established whether the classification criteria can separate SLE as a "one disease entity" from "SLE-like non-SLE disorders"-the latter in terms of SLE imitations. This is discussed here in terms of weight, rank, and impact of the classification criteria: Do they all originate from "one basic causal etiology"? Probably not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Petter Rekvig
- Section for Autoimmunity, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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23
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Akbar M, Ali N, Imran M, Hussain A, Hassan SW, Haroon U, Kamal A, Farhana, Chaudhary HJ, Munis MFH. Spherical Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles inhibit the production of aflatoxins (B 1 and B 2) and regulate total soluble solids and titratable acidity of peach fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110508. [PMID: 38029662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a group I carcinogen and causes significant public health and food safety risks, throughout the world. This study was carried out to assess the levels of aflatoxin contamination in diseased peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit and their control using myco-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs). Diseased peach fruit were diagnosed to be infected with Aspergillus flavus. The isolated pathogen was cultured under UV light (365 nm) and exposed to ammonium hydroxide (31 %) vapors, which confirmed its ability to produce aflatoxin. For the control of this disease, Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized in the filtrate of a biocontrol fungus (Trichoderma harzianum) and characterized before analyzing their potential in disease control. FTIR spectrum described the presence of capping and reducing agents (secondary amines, alcohol, alkyne and aromatic compounds) on the surface of Fe2O3 NPs. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) described the crystalline size (7.78), while the spherical shape of Fe2O3 NPs was described by the SEM analysis. The EDX spectrum indicated the successful formation of Fe2O3 NPs by showing strong signals of iron (74.38 %). All concentrations displayed mycelial growth inhibition, in vitro and the greatest growth reduction (65.4 %) was observed at 1 mg/ml concentration of NPs. At the same concentration of Fe2O3 NPs, significant control of fruit rot of peach was also observed, in vivo. Treatment of Fe2O3 NPs maintained higher soluble solids, sucrose, total sugar, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and firmness of peach fruit. Diseased fruit were further investigated for the presence and detection of aflatoxins. All three methods viz. thin layer chromatography (TLC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed a higher production of aflatoxins in control plants, while this production was significantly reduced in Fe2O3 NPs-treated peach fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Akbar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Hussain
- Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Hassan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt., Pakistan
| | - Urooj Haroon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
| | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Farhana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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24
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Hill JA, Lee YJ, Vande Vusse LK, Xie H, Chung EL, Waghmare A, Cheng GS, Zhu H, Huang ML, Hill GR, Jerome KR, Leisenring WM, Zerr DM, Gharib SA, Dadwal S, Boeckh M. HHV-6B detection and host gene expression implicate HHV-6B as pulmonary pathogen after hematopoietic cell transplant. Nat Commun 2024; 15:542. [PMID: 38228644 PMCID: PMC10791683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited understanding of the immunopathogenesis of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) has prevented its acceptance as a pulmonary pathogen after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). In this prospective multicenter study of patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for pneumonia after allogeneic HCT, we test blood and BAL fluid (BALF) for HHV-6B DNA and mRNA transcripts associated with lytic infection and perform RNA-seq on paired blood. Among 116 participants, HHV-6B DNA is detected in 37% of BALs, 49% of which also have HHV-6B mRNA detection. We establish HHV-6B DNA viral load thresholds in BALF that are highly predictive of HHV-6B mRNA detection and associated with increased risk for overall mortality and death from respiratory failure. Participants with HHV-6B DNA in BALF exhibit distinct host gene expression signatures, notable for enriched interferon signaling pathways in participants clinically diagnosed with idiopathic pneumonia. These data implicate HHV-6B as a pulmonary pathogen after allogeneic HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Yeon Joo Lee
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 400 E 67th St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lisa K Vande Vusse
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hu Xie
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - E Lisa Chung
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alpana Waghmare
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Guang-Shing Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Danielle M Zerr
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sanjeet Dadwal
- City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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25
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Guo C, Wu JY. Pathogen Discovery in the Post-COVID Era. Pathogens 2024; 13:51. [PMID: 38251358 PMCID: PMC10821006 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogen discovery plays a crucial role in the fields of infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, and public health. During the past four years, the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of early and accurate identification of novel pathogens for effective management and prevention of outbreaks. The post-COVID era has ushered in a new phase of infectious disease research, marked by accelerated advancements in pathogen discovery. This review encapsulates the recent innovations and paradigm shifts that have reshaped the landscape of pathogen discovery in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Primarily, we summarize the latest technology innovations, applications, and causation proving strategies that enable rapid and accurate pathogen discovery for both acute and historical infections. We also explored the significance and the latest trends and approaches being employed for effective implementation of pathogen discovery from various clinical and environmental samples. Furthermore, we emphasize the collaborative nature of the pandemic response, which has led to the establishment of global networks for pathogen discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jian-Yong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
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26
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Abstract
Our perception of microbes has considerably changed since the recognition of their pathogenic potential in the 19th century. The discovery of antibiotics and their subsequent widespread adoption have substantially altered the landscape of medicine, providing us with treatment options for many infectious diseases and enabling the deployment of previously risky interventions (eg, surgical procedures and chemotherapy), while also leading to the rise of AMR. The latter is commonly viewed as the predominant downside of antibiotic use. However, with the increasing recognition that all metazoan organisms rely on a community of microbes (the microbiota) for normal development and for most physiologic processes, the negative impacts of antibiotic use now extend well beyond AMR. Using the iceberg as a metaphor, we argue that the effects of antibiotics on AMR represent the tip of the iceberg, with much greater repercussions stemming from their role in the rise of so-called noncommunicable diseases (including obesity, diabetes, allergic and autoimmune diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and certain cancers). We highlight some of the emerging science around the intersection of the microbiome, antibiotic use, and health (including biological costs and future therapeutic avenues), and we advocate a more nuanced approach in evaluating the impacts of proposed antibiotic use, especially in the setting of preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Patrick Haraoui
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Greenfield Park, Quebec, Canada
- Humans & the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Humans & the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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27
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Abstract
A wide diversity of microorganisms, typically growing as biofilms, has been implicated in corrosion, a multi-trillion dollar a year problem. Aerobic microorganisms establish conditions that promote metal corrosion, but most corrosion has been attributed to anaerobes. Microbially produced organic acids, sulfide and extracellular hydrogenases can accelerate metallic iron (Fe0) oxidation coupled to hydrogen (H2) production, as can respiratory anaerobes consuming H2 as an electron donor. Some bacteria and archaea directly accept electrons from Fe0 to support anaerobic respiration, often with c-type cytochromes as the apparent outer-surface electrical contact with the metal. Functional genetic studies are beginning to define corrosion mechanisms more rigorously. Omics studies are revealing which microorganisms are associated with corrosion, but new strategies for recovering corrosive microorganisms in culture are required to evaluate corrosive capabilities and mechanisms. Interdisciplinary studies of the interactions among microorganisms and between microorganisms and metals in corrosive biofilms show promise for developing new technologies to detect and prevent corrosion. In this Review, we explore the role of microorganisms in metal corrosion and discuss potential ways to mitigate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Xu
- Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Institute for Sustainable Energy and the Environment, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Derek R Lovley
- Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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28
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Fung E, Tang WHW. Towards understanding the link between gut microbiota and heart failure in the heart-gut axis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1272-1273. [PMID: 37314418 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Fung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics & Medicine, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Neural, Vascular, and Metabolic Biology Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China 518172
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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29
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Fourgeaud J, Lecuit MM, Pérot P, Bruneau J, Regnault B, Da Rocha N, Bessaud M, Picard C, Jeziorski É, Fournier B, Levy R, Marçais A, Blanche S, Frange P, Fischer A, Cavazzana M, Ferroni A, Jamet A, Leruez-Ville M, Eloit M, Neven B. Chronic Aichi Virus Infection As a Cause of Long-Lasting Multiorgan Involvement in Patients With Primary Immune Deficiencies. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:620-628. [PMID: 37078608 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was used to assess patients with primary or secondary immune deficiencies (PIDs and SIDs) who presented with immunopathological conditions related to immunodysregulation. METHODS Thirty patients with PIDs or SIDs who presented with symptoms related to immunodysregulation and 59 asymptomatic patients with similar PIDs or SIDs were enrolled. mNGS was performed on organ biopsy. Specific Aichi virus (AiV) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to confirm AiV infection and screen the other patients. In situ hybridization (ISH) assay was done on AiV-infected organs to identify infected cells. Virus genotype was determined by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS AiV sequences were detected using mNGS in tissue samples of 5 patients and by RT-PCR in peripheral samples of another patient, all of whom presented with PID and long-lasting multiorgan involvement, including hepatitis, splenomegaly, and nephritis in 4 patients. CD8+ T-cell infiltration was a hallmark of the disease. RT-PCR detected intermittent low viral loads in urine and plasma from infected patients but not from uninfected patients. Viral detection stopped after immune reconstitution obtained by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ISH demonstrated the presence of AiV RNA in hepatocytes (n = 1) and spleen tissue (n = 2). AiV belonged to genotype A (n = 2) or B (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS The similarity of the clinical presentation, the detection of AiV in a subgroup of patients suffering from immunodysregulation, the absence of AiV in asymptomatic patients, the detection of viral genome in infected organs by ISH, and the reversibility of symptoms after treatment argue for AiV causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Fourgeaud
- Université Paris Cité, Fédération pour l'Étude et évaluation des Thérapeutiques intra-Utérines, Paris, France
- Microbiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde M Lecuit
- Pediatric Hematology Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
| | - Philippe Pérot
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Hematologic Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Regnault
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Da Rocha
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mael Bessaud
- Laboratoire signalisation antivirale, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Children's hospital, APHP Paris, France
| | - Éric Jeziorski
- Pediatric Hematology Immunology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Fournier
- Pediatric Hematology Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine Paris, France
| | - Romain Levy
- Pediatric Hematology Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine Paris, France
| | - Ambroise Marçais
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Hematologic Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine Paris, France
- Hepatology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Blanche
- Pediatric Hematology Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
| | - Pierre Frange
- Université Paris Cité, Fédération pour l'Étude et évaluation des Thérapeutiques intra-Utérines, Paris, France
- Microbiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Pediatric Hematology Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine Paris, France
- Médecine expérimentale, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Laboratory of Human Lympho-Hematopoiesis, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine Paris, France
- Department of Biotherapy, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP Paris, France
| | - Agnès Ferroni
- Microbiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- Microbiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
- Department of Pathogenesis of systemic infections, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Leruez-Ville
- Université Paris Cité, Fédération pour l'Étude et évaluation des Thérapeutiques intra-Utérines, Paris, France
- Microbiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Département des Sciences biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Pediatric Hematology Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine Paris, France
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30
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Connecting the dots from viral infection to disease. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1363-1364. [PMID: 37528181 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
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31
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Kyle KE, Puckett SP, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Rivera-Chávez J, Samples RM, Earp CE, Raja HA, Pearce CJ, Ernst M, van der Hooft JJJ, Adams ME, Oberlies NH, Dorrestein PC, Klassen JL, Balunas MJ. Trachymyrmex septentrionalis ants promote fungus garden hygiene using Trichoderma-derived metabolite cues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219373120. [PMID: 37319116 PMCID: PMC10288546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219373120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungus-growing ants depend on a fungal mutualist that can fall prey to fungal pathogens. This mutualist is cultivated by these ants in structures called fungus gardens. Ants exhibit weeding behaviors that keep their fungus gardens healthy by physically removing compromised pieces. However, how ants detect diseases of their fungus gardens is unknown. Here, we applied the logic of Koch's postulates using environmental fungal community gene sequencing, fungal isolation, and laboratory infection experiments to establish that Trichoderma spp. can act as previously unrecognized pathogens of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis fungus gardens. Our environmental data showed that Trichoderma are the most abundant noncultivar fungi in wild T. septentrionalis fungus gardens. We further determined that metabolites produced by Trichoderma induce an ant weeding response that mirrors their response to live Trichoderma. Combining ant behavioral experiments with bioactivity-guided fractionation and statistical prioritization of metabolites in Trichoderma extracts demonstrated that T. septentrionalis ants weed in response to peptaibols, a specific class of secondary metabolites known to be produced by Trichoderma fungi. Similar assays conducted using purified peptaibols, including the two previously undescribed peptaibols trichokindins VIII and IX, suggested that weeding is likely induced by peptaibols as a class rather than by a single peptaibol metabolite. In addition to their presence in laboratory experiments, we detected peptaibols in wild fungus gardens. Our combination of environmental data and laboratory infection experiments strongly support that peptaibols act as chemical cues of Trichoderma pathogenesis in T. septentrionalis fungus gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Kyle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Sara P. Puckett
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Andrés Mauricio Caraballo-Rodríguez
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093-0657
| | - José Rivera-Chávez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402
- Department of Natural Products, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Robert M. Samples
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Cody E. Earp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402
| | | | - Madeleine Ernst
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, 2300Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justin J. J. van der Hooft
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PBWageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Madison E. Adams
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093-0657
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093-0657
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093-0657
| | - Jonathan L. Klassen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Marcy J. Balunas
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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Fontdevila Pareta N, Khalili M, Maachi A, Rivarez MPS, Rollin J, Salavert F, Temple C, Aranda MA, Boonham N, Botermans M, Candresse T, Fox A, Hernando Y, Kutnjak D, Marais A, Petter F, Ravnikar M, Selmi I, Tahzima R, Trontin C, Wetzel T, Massart S. Managing the deluge of newly discovered plant viruses and viroids: an optimized scientific and regulatory framework for their characterization and risk analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1181562. [PMID: 37323908 PMCID: PMC10265641 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1181562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and bioinformatic tools have provided new opportunities for virus and viroid discovery and diagnostics. Hence, new sequences of viral origin are being discovered and published at a previously unseen rate. Therefore, a collective effort was undertaken to write and propose a framework for prioritizing the biological characterization steps needed after discovering a new plant virus to evaluate its impact at different levels. Even though the proposed approach was widely used, a revision of these guidelines was prepared to consider virus discovery and characterization trends and integrate novel approaches and tools recently published or under development. This updated framework is more adapted to the current rate of virus discovery and provides an improved prioritization for filling knowledge and data gaps. It consists of four distinct steps adapted to include a multi-stakeholder feedback loop. Key improvements include better prioritization and organization of the various steps, earlier data sharing among researchers and involved stakeholders, public database screening, and exploitation of genomic information to predict biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Khalili
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BFP, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Mark Paul S. Rivarez
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- College of Agriculture and Agri-Industries, Caraga State University, Butuan, Philippines
| | - Johan Rollin
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- DNAVision (Belgium), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Ferran Salavert
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Coline Temple
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Miguel A. Aranda
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Center for Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Neil Boonham
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marleen Botermans
- Netherlands Institute for Vectors, Invasive Plants and Plant Health (NIVIP), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Adrian Fox
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Fera Science Ltd, York Biotech Campus, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Denis Kutnjak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Armelle Marais
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BFP, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Maja Ravnikar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ilhem Selmi
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Rachid Tahzima
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Trontin
- European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Wetzel
- DLR Rheinpfalz, Institute of Plant Protection, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany
| | - Sebastien Massart
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Bioversity International, Montpellier, France
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Elbehiry A, Abalkhail A, Marzouk E, Elmanssury AE, Almuzaini AM, Alfheeaid H, Alshahrani MT, Huraysh N, Ibrahem M, Alzaben F, Alanazi F, Alzaben M, Anagreyyah SA, Bayameen AM, Draz A, Abu-Okail A. An Overview of the Public Health Challenges in Diagnosing and Controlling Human Foodborne Pathogens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040725. [PMID: 37112637 PMCID: PMC10143666 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens found in food are believed to be the leading cause of foodborne illnesses; and they are considered a serious problem with global ramifications. During the last few decades, a lot of attention has been paid to determining the microorganisms that cause foodborne illnesses and developing new methods to identify them. Foodborne pathogen identification technologies have evolved rapidly over the last few decades, with the newer technologies focusing on immunoassays, genome-wide approaches, biosensors, and mass spectrometry as the primary methods of identification. Bacteriophages (phages), probiotics and prebiotics were known to have the ability to combat bacterial diseases since the turn of the 20th century. A primary focus of phage use was the development of medical therapies; however, its use quickly expanded to other applications in biotechnology and industry. A similar argument can be made with regards to the food safety industry, as diseases directly endanger the health of customers. Recently, a lot of attention has been paid to bacteriophages, probiotics and prebiotics most likely due to the exhaustion of traditional antibiotics. Reviewing a variety of current quick identification techniques is the purpose of this study. Using these techniques, we are able to quickly identify foodborne pathogenic bacteria, which forms the basis for future research advances. A review of recent studies on the use of phages, probiotics and prebiotics as a means of combating significant foodborne diseases is also presented. Furthermore, we discussed the advantages of using phages as well as the challenges they face, especially given their prevalent application in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia (E.M.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia (E.M.)
| | - Eman Marzouk
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia (E.M.)
| | - Ahmed Elnadif Elmanssury
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia (E.M.)
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Mohammed T. Alshahrani
- Department of Neurology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Huraysh
- Department of Family Medicine, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Ibrahem
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt
| | - Feras Alzaben
- Department of Food Service, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Alanazi
- Supply Administration, Armed Forces Hospital, King Abdul Aziz Naval Base in Jubail, Jubail 35517, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alzaben
- Department of Food Factories Inspection, Operation Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abdelmaged Draz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram Abu-Okail
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Sanders OD. Virus-Like Cytosolic and Cell-Free Oxidatively Damaged Nucleic Acids Likely Drive Inflammation, Synapse Degeneration, and Neuron Death in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1-19. [PMID: 36761106 PMCID: PMC9881037 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and amyloid-β are Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks that cause each other and other AD hallmarks. Most amyloid-β-lowering, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial AD clinical trials failed; none stopped or reversed AD. Although signs suggest an infectious etiology, no pathogen accumulated consistently in AD patients. Neuropathology, neuronal cell culture, rodent, genome-wide association, epidemiological, biomarker, and clinical studies, plus analysis using Hill causality criteria and revised Koch's postulates, indicate that the virus-like oxidative damage-associated molecular-pattern (DAMP) cytosolic and cell-free nucleic acids accumulated in AD patients' brains likely drive neuroinflammation, synaptotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Cytosolic oxidatively-damaged mitochondrial DNA accumulated outside mitochondria dose-dependently in preclinical AD and AD patients' hippocampal neurons, and in AD patients' neocortical neurons but not cerebellar neurons or glia. In oxidatively-stressed neural cells and rodents' brains, cytosolic oxidatively-damaged mitochondrial DNA accumulated and increased antiviral and inflammatory proteins, including cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1β, and interferon-β. Cytosolic double-stranded RNA and DNA are DAMPs that induce antiviral interferons and/or inflammatory proteins by oligomerizing with various innate-immune pattern-recognition receptors, e.g., cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and the nucleotide-binding-oligomerization-domain-like-receptor-pyrin-domain-containing-3 inflammasome. In oxidatively-stressed neural cells, cytosolic oxidatively-damaged mitochondrial DNA caused synaptotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Depleting mitochondrial DNA prevented these effects. Additionally, cell-free nucleic acids accumulated in AD patients' blood, extracellular vesicles, and senile plaques. Injecting cell-free nucleic acids bound to albumin oligomers into wild-type mice's hippocampi triggered antiviral interferon-β secretion; interferon-β injection caused synapse degeneration. Deoxyribonuclease-I treatment appeared to improve a severe-AD patient's Mini-Mental Status Exam by 15 points. Preclinical and clinical studies of deoxyribonuclease-I and a ribonuclease for AD should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Davis Sanders
- Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA,Correspondence to: Owen Davis Sanders, 210 S 16th St. Apt. 215, Omaha, NE 68102, USA. E-mails: and
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35
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Laovechprasit W, Young KT, Stacy BA, Tillis SB, Ossiboff RJ, Vann JA, Subramaniam K, Agnew DW, Howerth EW, Zhang J, Whitaker S, Walker A, Orgill AM, Howell LN, Shaver DJ, Donnelly K, Foley AM, Stanton JB. Piscichuvirus-Associated Severe Meningoencephalomyelitis in Aquatic Turtles, United States, 2009-2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 30:280-288. [PMID: 38270209 PMCID: PMC10826744 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.231142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses from a new species of piscichuvirus were strongly associated with severe lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in several free-ranging aquatic turtles from 3 coastal US states during 2009-2021. Sequencing identified 2 variants (freshwater turtle neural virus 1 [FTuNV1] and sea turtle neural virus 1 [STuNV1]) of the new piscichuvirus species in 3 turtles of 3 species. In situ hybridization localized viral mRNA to the inflamed region of the central nervous system in all 3 sequenced isolates and in 2 of 3 additional nonsequenced isolates. All 3 sequenced isolates phylogenetically clustered with other vertebrate chuvirids within the genus Piscichuvirus. FTuNV1 and STuNV1 shared ≈92% pairwise amino acid identity of the large protein, which narrowly places them within the same novel species. The in situ association of the piscichuviruses in 5 of 6 turtles (representing 3 genera) with lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis suggests that piscichuviruses are a likely cause of lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in freshwater and marine turtles.
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36
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Yu H, Li L, Huffman A, Beverley J, Hur J, Merrell E, Huang HH, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ong E, Cheng L, Zeng T, Zhang J, Li P, Liu Z, Wang Z, Zhang X, Ye X, Handelman SK, Sexton J, Eaton K, Higgins G, Omenn GS, Athey B, Smith B, Chen L, He Y. A new framework for host-pathogen interaction research. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1066733. [PMID: 36591248 PMCID: PMC9797517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 often manifests with different outcomes in different patients, highlighting the complexity of the host-pathogen interactions involved in manifestations of the disease at the molecular and cellular levels. In this paper, we propose a set of postulates and a framework for systematically understanding complex molecular host-pathogen interaction networks. Specifically, we first propose four host-pathogen interaction (HPI) postulates as the basis for understanding molecular and cellular host-pathogen interactions and their relations to disease outcomes. These four postulates cover the evolutionary dispositions involved in HPIs, the dynamic nature of HPI outcomes, roles that HPI components may occupy leading to such outcomes, and HPI checkpoints that are critical for specific disease outcomes. Based on these postulates, an HPI Postulate and Ontology (HPIPO) framework is proposed to apply interoperable ontologies to systematically model and represent various granular details and knowledge within the scope of the HPI postulates, in a way that will support AI-ready data standardization, sharing, integration, and analysis. As a demonstration, the HPI postulates and the HPIPO framework were applied to study COVID-19 with the Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO), leading to a novel approach to rational design of drug/vaccine cocktails aimed at interrupting processes occurring at critical host-coronavirus interaction checkpoints. Furthermore, the host-coronavirus protein-protein interactions (PPIs) relevant to COVID-19 were predicted and evaluated based on prior knowledge of curated PPIs and domain-domain interactions, and how such studies can be further explored with the HPI postulates and the HPIPO framework is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Immunological Diseases, People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anthony Huffman
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John Beverley
- Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Asymmetric Operations Sector, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Eric Merrell
- Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hsin-hui Huang
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Immunological Diseases, People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yingtong Liu
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Edison Ong
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Helongjian, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengpai Li
- Center of Intelligent Medicine, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Center of Intelligent Medicine, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Immunological Diseases, People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianwei Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Immunological Diseases, People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Jonathan Sexton
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kathryn Eaton
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gerry Higgins
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gilbert S. Omenn
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brian Athey
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Barry Smith
- Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqun He
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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37
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Dittmer DP, Eason AB, Juarez A. Scaling Biosafety Up During and Down After the COVID-19 Pandemic. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2022; 27:247-254. [PMID: 36761994 PMCID: PMC9902049 DOI: 10.1089/apb.2022.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this work was to review and analyze changes to the practice of biosafety imposed by pandemics. Methods A narrative review of the COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020 and prior pandemics from the perspective of a working virologist. Results By definition, pandemics, outbreaks, and other emergencies are transient phenomena. They manifest as waves of events that induce unforeseen needs and present unknown challenges. After a pandemic, the return to normality is as crucial as the scale-up during the exponential growth phase. The COVID-19 pandemic presents an example to study operational biosafety and biocontainment issues during community transmission of infectious agents with established pandemic potential, the propensity to induce severe disease, and the ability to disrupt aspects of human society. Conclusions Scaling down heightened biocontainment measures after a pandemic is as important as scaling up during a pandemic. The availability of preventive vaccines, and therapeutic drug regimens, should be considered in risk assessments for laboratory studies. There exists the need to preserve situational memory at the personal and institutional levels that can be served by professional societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk P. Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony B. Eason
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angelica Juarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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38
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Barbosa AD, Long M, Lee W, Austen JM, Cunneen M, Ratchford A, Burns B, Kumarasinghe P, Ben-Othman R, Kollmann TR, Stewart CR, Beaman M, Parry R, Hall R, Tabor A, O’Donovan J, Faddy HM, Collins M, Cheng AC, Stenos J, Graves S, Oskam CL, Ryan UM, Irwin PJ. The Troublesome Ticks Research Protocol: Developing a Comprehensive, Multidiscipline Research Plan for Investigating Human Tick-Associated Disease in Australia. Pathogens 2022; 11:1290. [PMID: 36365042 PMCID: PMC9694322 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In Australia, there is a paucity of data about the extent and impact of zoonotic tick-related illnesses. Even less is understood about a multifaceted illness referred to as Debilitating Symptom Complexes Attributed to Ticks (DSCATT). Here, we describe a research plan for investigating the aetiology, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes of human tick-associated disease in Australia. Our approach focuses on the transmission of potential pathogens and the immunological responses of the patient after a tick bite. The protocol is strengthened by prospective data collection, the recruitment of two external matched control groups, and sophisticated integrative data analysis which, collectively, will allow the robust demonstration of associations between a tick bite and the development of clinical and pathological abnormalities. Various laboratory analyses are performed including metagenomics to investigate the potential transmission of bacteria, protozoa and/or viruses during tick bite. In addition, multi-omics technology is applied to investigate links between host immune responses and potential infectious and non-infectious disease causations. Psychometric profiling is also used to investigate whether psychological attributes influence symptom development. This research will fill important knowledge gaps about tick-borne diseases. Ultimately, we hope the results will promote improved diagnostic outcomes, and inform the safe management and treatment of patients bitten by ticks in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. Barbosa
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, DF, Brazil
| | - Michelle Long
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Wenna Lee
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Jill M. Austen
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mike Cunneen
- The App Workshop Pty Ltd., Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Andrew Ratchford
- Emergency Department, Northern Beaches Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2086, Australia
- School of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Brian Burns
- Emergency Department, Northern Beaches Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2086, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Prasad Kumarasinghe
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Dermatology, Hollywood Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | | - Cameron R. Stewart
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Miles Beaman
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Roy Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ala Tabor
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre of Animal Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justine O’Donovan
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD 4502, Australia
| | - Marjorie Collins
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Allen C. Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John Stenos
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Stephen Graves
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Charlotte L. Oskam
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Una M. Ryan
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Peter J. Irwin
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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39
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The Microbial Ecology of Liver Abscesses in Cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2022; 38:367-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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40
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Xu X, Jia Y, Li R, Wen Y, Liang Y, Lao G, Liu X, Zhou W, Liu H, Xie J, Wang X, Xu W, Sun Q. Rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens in the lower reproductive tract during pregnancy based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification-microfluidic chip. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:260. [PMID: 36309654 PMCID: PMC9616700 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female reproductive tract infection (RTI) is the common source of varied diseases, especially as an important risk factor for pregnancy outcomes, therefore the rapid, accurate and simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens is in urgent need for assisting the diagnosis and treatment of RTI in pregnant women. Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) are five main pathogens in lower genital tract with high risk, serious consequences and clinical demands. The combination of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and microfluidic technology was used to develop the LAMP-microfluidic chip for rapid, simple, sensitive and simultaneous detection of the five target pathogens above. Results Standard strains and clinical isolates were used for the establishment of the novel LAMP method in tube and LAMP-microfluidic chip, followed by the chip detection on 103 clinical samples and PCR verification partially. The sensitivities of LAMP of S. agalactiae, E. faecalis, G. vaginalis, and C. albicans in tube were 22.0, 76.0, 13.2, 1.11 CFU/μL, respectively, and C. trachomatis was 41.3 copies/μL; on LAMP-microfluidic chip they were 260, 154, 3.9 and 7.53 CFU/μL, respectively, and C. trachomatis was 120 copies/μL. The positive coincidence rates of clinical stains in tube and on chip experiments were 100%. Compared with the classic culture method performed in hospitals, the positive coincidence rate of the 103 clinical samples detected by LAMP-microfluidic chip were 100%. For the six inconsistent ones, including four G. vaginalis and two C. albicans positive samples tested by LAMP-microfluidic chip and verified by PCR were negative by culturing method in hospitals, indicating the lack of efficient detection by the classic culturing method. Conclusion Our study suggested that the LAMP-microfluidic chips could simultaneously, efficiently, and accurately detect multiple main pathogens, including S. agalactiae, E. faecalis, G. vaginalis, C. albicans and C. trachomatis, in clinical samples of female RTI to give a great clinical value. Accordingly, this novel method has the potential to provide a valuable reference for female RTI screening and early diagnosis during pregnancy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02657-0.
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Reason A, Bulgarella M, Lester PJ. Identity, Prevalence, and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Infecting Invasive Polistes (Vespidae: Polistinae) Paper Wasps in New Zealand. INSECTS 2022; 13:922. [PMID: 36292870 PMCID: PMC9604194 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two species of entomogenous fungi were discovered infecting the invasive paper wasp Polistes chinensis during an ecological study on Farewell Spit, New Zealand. We sequenced two nuclear ribosomal RDNA genes, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the small ribosomal subunit 18S, and one protein-coding gene, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (ef1 α). Combining sequence information with morphological examination, we identified these species as Beauveria malawiensis and Ophiocordyceps humbertii. We estimated that these fungi produce infection in approximately 3.3% of colonies in our study population. In bioassays, we successfully infected P. chinensis individuals from healthy colonies with B. malawiensis, with significant effects on adult mortality. This is the first record of both B. malawiensis and O. humbertii from Polistine hosts in New Zealand, and the first investigation into disease causality by these pathogens in P. chinensis. Our findings may contribute to the future development of biological control agents for paper wasps in New Zealand and elsewhere around the world.
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Dougherty M, Bartelt LA. Giardia and growth impairment in children in high-prevalence settings: consequence or co-incidence? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022; 35:417-423. [PMID: 35980005 PMCID: PMC10373467 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Giardia is a common intestinal parasite worldwide, and infection can be associated with clear, and sometimes persistent symptomatology. However, in children in high-prevalence settings, it is most often not associated with or is perhaps even protective against acute diarrhea. Nonetheless, recent longitudinal studies in high-prevalence settings increasingly identify an association with long-term outcomes that has been difficult to discern. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have made progress in disentangling this apparent paradox. First, prospective, well characterized cohort studies have repeatedly identified associations between Giardia infection, gut function, and child growth. Second, experimental animal and in-vitro models have further characterized the biological plausibility that Giardia could impair intestinal function and subsequently child development through different pathways, depending upon biological and environmental factors. Finally, new work has shed light on the potential for Giardia conspiring with specific other gut microbes, which may explain discrepant findings in the literature, help guide future higher resolution analyses of this pathogen, and inform new opportunities for intervention. SUMMARY Recent prospective studies have confirmed a high, if not universal, prevalence of persistent Giardia infections in low-and-middle income countries associated with child-growth shortfalls and altered gut permeability. However, the predominance of subclinical infections limits understanding of the true clinical impact of endemic pediatric giardiasis, and global disease burdens remain uncalculated. Integrating the role of Giardia in multipathogen enteropathies and how nutritional, microbial, metabolic, and pathogen-strain variables influence Giardia infection outcomes could sharpen delineations between pathogenic and potentially beneficial attributes of this enigmatic parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dougherty
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Rex Digestive Healthcare, UNC REX Healthcare, Raleigh
| | - Luther A. Bartelt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Karimi AA, Tarharoudi R, Kianmehr Z, Sakhaee F, Jamnani FR, Siadat SD, Fateh A. Traces of JC polyomavirus in papillary thyroid cancer: a comprehensive study in Iran. Virol J 2022; 19:153. [PMID: 36163265 PMCID: PMC9513940 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is known to induce solid tumors such as astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and neuroblastomas in experimental animals, and recent studies have shown that the virus may be correlated with carcinogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of JCPyV on the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS A total of 1057 samples, including 645 paraffin-embedded PTC biopsy samples (PEBS) and 412 fresh biopsy samples (FBS), and 1057 adjacent non-cancerous samples were evaluated for the presence of JCPyV DNA and RNA. RESULTS We observed that 10.8% (114/1057) samples, including 17.5% (72/412) FBS and 6.5% (42/645) PEBS were positive for the JCPyV DNA. Among the JCPyV-positive samples, the mean JCPyV copy number was lower in patients with PEBS (0.3 × 10-4 ± 0.1 × 10-4 copies/cell) compared to FBS (1.8 × 10-1 ± 0.4 × 10-1 copies/cell) and non-PTC normal samples (0.2 × 10-5 ± 0.01 × 10-5 copies/cell), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The LT-Ag RNA expression was lower in PEBS than in FBS, while no VP1 gene transcript expression was found. CONCLUSIONS Although our results confirmed the presence of JCPyV in some Iranian patients with PTC, more research is needed to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ali Karimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahil Tarharoudi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kianmehr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sakhaee
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Ianiri G, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Dawson TL. Malassezia: A Commensal, Pathogen, and Mutualist of Human and Animal Skin. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:757-782. [PMID: 36075093 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-040820-010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Identified in the late nineteenth century as a single species residing on human skin, Malassezia is now recognized as a diverse genus comprising 18 species inhabiting not only skin but human gut, hospital environments, and even deep-sea sponges. All cultivated Malassezia species are lipid dependent, having lost genes for lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. The surging interest in Malassezia results from development of tools to improve sampling, culture, identification, and genetic engineering, which has led to findings implicating it in numerous skin diseases, Crohn disease, and pancreatic cancer. However, it has become clear that Malassezia plays a multifaceted role in human health, with mutualistic activity in atopic dermatitis and a preventive effect against other skin infections due to its potential to compete with skin pathogens such as Candida auris. Improved understanding of complex microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions will be required to define Malassezia's role in human and animal health and disease so as to design targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Faculty of Vetsuisse, and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; .,Department of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Linking Human Betaretrovirus with Autoimmunity and Liver Disease in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091941. [PMID: 36146750 PMCID: PMC9502388 DOI: 10.3390/v14091941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the production of diagnostic antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) reactive to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. A human betaretrovirus (HBRV) resembling mouse mammary tumor virus has been characterized in patients with PBC. However, linking the viral infection with the disease is not a straight-forward process because PBC is a complex multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, hormonal, autoimmune, environmental, and other factors. Currently, PBC is assumed to have an autoimmune etiology, but the evidence is lacking to support this conjecture. In this review, we describe different approaches connecting HBRV with PBC. Initially, we used co-cultivation of HBRV with biliary epithelial cells to trigger the PBC-specific phenotype with cell surface expression of cryptic mitochondrial autoantigens linked with antimitochondrial antibody expression. Subsequently, we have derived layers of proof to support the role of betaretrovirus infection in mouse models of autoimmune biliary disease with spontaneous AMA production and in patients with PBC. Using Hill’s criteria, we provide an overview of how betaretrovirus infection may trigger autoimmunity and propagate biliary disease. Ultimately, the demonstration that disease can be cured with antiviral therapy may sway the argument toward an infectious disease etiology in an analogous fashion that was used to link H. pylori with peptic ulcer disease.
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Kell DB, Pretorius E. The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Biochem J 2022; 479:1653-1708. [PMID: 36043493 PMCID: PMC9484810 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I-R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 200, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Giacaman RA, Fernández CE, Muñoz-Sandoval C, León S, García-Manríquez N, Echeverría C, Valdés S, Castro RJ, Gambetta-Tessini K. Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable and behavioral disease: Management implications. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:764479. [PMID: 36092137 PMCID: PMC9448953 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.764479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New paradigms in caries conceptualization have emerged during the last decades, leading to intense debate and discussion on how to approach the disease, both from a preventive and a therapeutic perspective. Among many new ideas, research discoveries and technologies, one major concept can be highlighted that created a deep frontier between the old and the new paradigm in caries conceptualization; the non-communicable nature of the disease, firmly associated with behaviors and lifestyles. This article synthetizes the conceptual construction of dental caries as a non-communicable disease (NCD) based on the current evidence and discusses the appropriate management of the disease in this context. Dental caries has shifted from being considered transmissible and infectious to an ecological and non-communicable disease. Environmental factors such as frequent sugars intake, disrupt the symbiosis of the dental biofilm leading to a dysbiosis, which favors caries lesion initiation and progression. As an NCD, dental caries shares characteristics with other NCDs such as cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, cancer and diabetes, including long duration and slow progression, not being transmissible from person-to-person, being strongly related to modifiable behavioral risk factors, and affecting preferentially disadvantaged populations with a strong inequality gradient. Given the high prevalence of dental caries, and its consequences on people's health and quality of life, a recognizable conceptual view of caries as a NCD is required to target an effective management. Current understanding of dental caries supports prevention through acting on the modifiable risk factors (behaviors) and involves management based on an interdisciplinary approach. Communicating these modern concepts among researchers, clinicians and policymakers is needed to decrease the global high burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Interuniversity Center on Healthy Aging, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro de Epidemiología y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales, University of Chile and University of Talca, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo A. Giacaman
| | - Constanza E. Fernández
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Sandoval
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Soraya León
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Interuniversity Center on Healthy Aging, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro de Epidemiología y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales, University of Chile and University of Talca, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia García-Manríquez
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Constanza Echeverría
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sebastián Valdés
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro J. Castro
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Interuniversity Center on Healthy Aging, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Karla Gambetta-Tessini
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Gerodontology Research Group, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Epidemiología y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales, University of Chile and University of Talca, Santiago, Chile
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Oulhen N, Byrne M, Duffin P, Gomez-Chiarri M, Hewson I, Hodin J, Konar B, Lipp EK, Miner BG, Newton AL, Schiebelhut LM, Smolowitz R, Wahltinez SJ, Wessel GM, Work TM, Zaki HA, Wares JP. A Review of Asteroid Biology in the Context of Sea Star Wasting: Possible Causes and Consequences. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:50-75. [PMID: 36108034 PMCID: PMC10642522 DOI: 10.1086/719928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSea star wasting-marked in a variety of sea star species as varying degrees of skin lesions followed by disintegration-recently caused one of the largest marine die-offs ever recorded on the west coast of North America, killing billions of sea stars. Despite the important ramifications this mortality had for coastal benthic ecosystems, such as increased abundance of prey, little is known about the causes of the disease or the mechanisms of its progression. Although there have been studies indicating a range of causal mechanisms, including viruses and environmental effects, the broad spatial and depth range of affected populations leaves many questions remaining about either infectious or non-infectious mechanisms. Wasting appears to start with degradation of mutable connective tissue in the body wall, leading to disintegration of the epidermis. Here, we briefly review basic sea star biology in the context of sea star wasting and present our current knowledge and hypotheses related to the symptoms, the microbiome, the viruses, and the associated environmental stressors. We also highlight throughout the article knowledge gaps and the data needed to better understand sea star wasting mechanistically, its causes, and potential management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Maria Byrne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paige Duffin
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Marta Gomez-Chiarri
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Ian Hewson
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jason Hodin
- Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington
| | - Brenda Konar
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Benjamin G. Miner
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington
| | | | - Lauren M. Schiebelhut
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Roxanna Smolowitz
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island
| | - Sarah J. Wahltinez
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gary M. Wessel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Thierry M. Work
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Hossam A. Zaki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John P. Wares
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Kawaka F. Characterization of symbiotic and nitrogen fixing bacteria. AMB Express 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35907164 PMCID: PMC9339069 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria comprise of diverse species associated with the root nodules of leguminous plants. Using an appropriate taxonomic method to confirm the identity of superior and elite strains to fix nitrogen in legume crops can improve sustainable global food and nutrition security. The current review describes taxonomic methods preferred and commonly used to characterize symbiotic bacteria in the rhizosphere. Peer reviewed, published and unpublished articles on techniques used for detection, classification and identification of symbiotic bacteria were evaluated by exploring their advantages and limitations. The findings showed that phenotypic and cultural techniques are still affordable and remain the primary basis of species classification despite their challenges. Development of new, robust and informative taxonomic techniques has really improved characterization and identification of symbiotic bacteria and discovery of novel and new species that are effective in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in diverse conditions and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanuel Kawaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.
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50
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Divers TJ, Tomlinson JE, Tennant BC. The history of Theiler's disease and the search for its aetiology. Vet J 2022; 287:105878. [PMID: 35907440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Theiler's disease (serum hepatitis) may occur in outbreaks or as single cases of acute hepatitis and is often associated with prior administration of equine-origin biologics approximately 4-10 weeks before the onset of clinical signs. Cases have also been described without any prior administration of blood products. The clinical disease has a low morbidity but high mortality and only adult horses are affected. The course of the disease is short, with horses either dying or completely recovering in a few days. Pathology in affected horses is predominantly centrilobular hepatocyte necrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration of the lesser affected periportal regions of the liver. Subclinical cases of the disease also occur. Based on the epidemiology and pathology of the disease, a viral cause, similar to hepatitis B in humans, has long been suspected. This paper reviews both historical and recent findings on Theiler's disease. Reported epidemics of Theiler's disease in the early 1900s are reviewed, along with their similarities to outbreaks of serum hepatitis in humans following yellow fever virus vaccinations in the 1930s and 1940s. Recent metagenomics-based studies to determine the aetiology of Theiler's disease are discussed, along with both clinical and experimental findings supporting equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) as the likely cause of this 100-year-old disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Divers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Road, Ithaca, N.Y., 14853 USA.
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Road, Ithaca, N.Y., 14853 USA
| | - Bud C Tennant
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Road, Ithaca, N.Y., 14853 USA
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