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Yang S, Gao B, Yang Q, Huo Y, Li K, Shu L, Fan L, Liu Y, Li H, Cai W. A Systematic Method for the Identification of Oligosaccharide Constituents in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2025; 30:1433. [PMID: 40286060 PMCID: PMC11990173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30071433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2025] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
A Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PCH) is a common medicinal and edible plant whose rhizomes are widely used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Previous studies have revealed a variety of chemical components such as polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids, which possess a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial, lipid-regulating, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory. However, to date, the structure and activity of its oligosaccharide components are still unclear. In this study, we developed a method combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) and monosaccharide analysis for the identification of oligosaccharides in PCH. Finally, a total of 44 oligosaccharides, including 27 fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), 10 arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS), and 7 others, were identified based on the precise relative molecular mass and fragment ion information provided by high-resolution mass spectrometry, in combination with standard comparison, monosaccharide composition analysis, and the relevant literature reports. All of those oligosaccharides were reported for the first time. These findings laid the foundation for the subsequent study of its medicinal substances and provided a theoretical basis for the more comprehensive development and utilization of PCH as a medicinal and edible product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (S.Y.); (B.G.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.F.); (Y.L.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Bowen Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (S.Y.); (B.G.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qingrui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (S.Y.); (B.G.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.F.); (Y.L.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Yanghui Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (S.Y.); (B.G.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.F.); (Y.L.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Kailin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (L.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Liangyin Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (L.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Lingxuan Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (S.Y.); (B.G.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.F.); (Y.L.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Yiliang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (S.Y.); (B.G.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Huanting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (S.Y.); (B.G.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; (K.L.); (L.S.)
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Ju YR, Im SB, Jung DE, Son MJ, Park CY, Jeon MH, Hwang JH, Lee SJ, Kim TJ. Exo- and Endo-1,5-α-L-Arabinanases and Prebiotic Arabino-Oligosaccharides Production. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2025; 35:e2412052. [PMID: 39849927 PMCID: PMC11813348 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2412.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
There is growing interest in pentose-based prebiotic oligosaccharides as alternatives to traditional hexose-based prebiotics. Among these, arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS), derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of arabinan polymers, have gained significant attention. AOS can selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, including Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species, and contribute to health-benefit functions such as blood sugar control, positioning AOS as a promising synbiotic candidate. For the industrial production of AOS, the development of efficient enzymatic processes is essential, with exo- and endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanases (exo- and endo-ABNs) playing a crucial catalytic role. Most ABNs belong to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 43, characterized by a five-bladed β-propeller fold structure. These enzymes hydrolyze internal α-1,5-L-arabinofuranosidic linkages, producing AOS with varying degrees of polymerization. Some ABNs GH43 were known to exhibit exo-type hydrolytic modes of action, producing specific AOS products such as arabinotriose. Additionally, exo-ABNs from GH93, which feature a six-bladed β-propeller fold, exclusively release arabinobiose through their exo-type catalytic mechanism. This review represents the first comprehensive analysis of exo- and endo-ABNs, offering scientific insights into their biotechnological potential for AOS production. It systematically compares enzyme classification, structural differences, catalytic mechanisms, paving the way for innovative applications in health, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Rin Ju
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Im
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Jung
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Son
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Young Park
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jeon
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Hwang
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jip Kim
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Sharma D, Dhiman A, Thakur A, Kumar S, Saini R. Functional oligosaccharides as a promising food ingredient: a gleam into health apprehensions and techno-functional advantages. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-024-02986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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Zwolschen JW, Vos AP, Ariëns RMC, Schols HA. In vitro batch fermentation of (un)saturated homogalacturonan oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121789. [PMID: 38286556 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Pectin, predominantly present within plant cell walls, is a dietary fiber that potentially induces distinct health effects depending on its molecular structure. Such structure-dependent health effects of pectin-derived galacturonic acid oligosaccharides (GalA-OS) are yet largely unknown. This study describes the influence of methyl-esterification and ∆4,5-unsaturation of GalA-OS through defined sets of GalA-OS made from pectin using defined pectinases, on the fermentability by individual fecal inocula. The metabolite production, OS utilization, quantity and size, methyl-esterification and saturation of remaining GalA-OS were monitored during the fermentation of GalA-OS. Fermentation of all GalA-OS predominantly induced the production of acetate, butyrate and propionate. Metabolization of unsaturated GalA-OS (uGalA-OS) significantly increased butyrate formation compared to saturated GalA-OS (satGalA-OS), while satGalA-OS significantly increased propionate formation. Absence of methyl-esters within GalA-OS improved substrate metabolization during the first 18 h of fermentation (99 %) compared to their esterified analogues (51 %). Furthermore, HPAEC and HILIC-LC-MS revealed accumulation of specific methyl-esterified GalA-OS, confirming that methyl-esterification delays fermentation. Fermentation of structurally distinct GalA-OS results in donor specific microbiota composition with uGalA-OS specifically stimulating the butyrate-producer Clostridium Butyricum. This study concludes that GalA-OS fermentation induces highly structure-dependent changes in the gut microbiota, further expanding their potential use as prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Zwolschen
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A P Vos
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R M C Ariëns
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H A Schols
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Kennedy JM, De Silva A, Walton GE, Poveda C, Gibson GR. Comparison of prebiotic candidates in ulcerative colitis using an in vitro fermentation model. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae034. [PMID: 38337173 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study explored the effect of three different prebiotics, the human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), an oligofructose-enriched inulin (fructo-oligosaccharide, or FOS), and a galacto-oligosaccaride (GOS) mixture, on the faecal microbiota from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) using in vitro batch culture fermentation models. Changes in bacterial groups and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were compared. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro pH controlled batch culture fermentation was carried out over 48 h on samples from three healthy controls and three patients with active UC. Four vessels were run, one negative control and one for each of the prebiotic substrates. Bacterial enumeration was carried out using fluorescence in situ hybridization with flow cytometry. SCFA quantification was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. All substrates had a positive effect on the gut microbiota and led to significant increases in total SCFA and propionate concentrations at 48 h. 2'-FL was the only substrate to significantly increase acetate and led to the greatest increase in total SCFA concentration at 48 h. 2'-FL best suppressed Desulfovibrio spp., a pathogen associated with UC. CONCLUSIONS 2'FL, FOS, and GOS all significantly improved the gut microbiota in this in vitro study and also led to increased SCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Kennedy
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading RG1 5AN, United Kingdom
| | - Aminda De Silva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading RG1 5AN, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma E Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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Yang X, Zeng D, Li C, Yu W, Xie G, Zhang Y, Lu W. Therapeutic potential and mechanism of functional oligosaccharides in inflammatory bowel disease: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Ford T, McAdams ZL, Townsend KS, Martin LM, Johnson PJ, Ericsson AC. Effect of Sugar Beet Pulp on the Composition and Predicted Function of Equine Fecal Microbiota. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1254. [PMID: 37759653 PMCID: PMC10525916 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the partial replacement of dietary hay with sugar beet pulp (SBP) on the composition and predicted function of the fecal microbiota of healthy adult horses. Fecal samples were collected daily for 12 days from six adult horses after removal from pasture, including a five-day acclimation period, and a seven-day period following the introduction of SBP into their diet, and compared to six untreated horses over a comparable period. Fecal DNA was subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a longitudinal analysis was performed comparing the composition and predicted function. While no significant treatment-associated changes in the richness, alpha diversity, or beta diversity were detected, random forest regression identified several high-importance taxonomic features associated with change over time in horses receiving SBP. A similar analysis of the predicted functional pathways identified several high-importance pathways, including those involved in the production of L-methionine and butyrate. These data suggest that feeding SBP to healthy adult horses acutely increases the relative abundance of several Gram-positive taxa, including Cellulosilyticum sp., Moryella sp., and Weissella sp., and mitigates the predicted functional changes associated with removal from pasture. Large-scale studies are needed to assess the protective effect of SBP on the incidence of the gastrointestinal conditions of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ford
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zachary L. McAdams
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics (MPT) Program, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kile S. Townsend
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lynn M. Martin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Philip J. Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics (MPT) Program, University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- MU Metagenomics Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), University of Missouri (MU), Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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do Nascimento RDP, da Rocha Alves M, Noguera NH, Lima DC, Marostica Junior MR. Cereal grains and vegetables. NATURAL PLANT PRODUCTS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES 2023:103-172. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99111-7.00014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Pascale N, Gu F, Larsen N, Jespersen L, Respondek F. The Potential of Pectins to Modulate the Human Gut Microbiota Evaluated by In Vitro Fermentation: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173629. [PMID: 36079886 PMCID: PMC9460662 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a dietary fiber, and its health effects have been described extensively. Although there are limited clinical studies, there is a growing body of evidence from in vitro studies investigating the effect of pectin on human gut microbiota. This comprehensive review summarizes the findings of gut microbiota modulation in vitro as assessed by 16S rRNA gene-based technologies and elucidates the potential structure-activity relationships. Generally, pectic substrates are slowly but completely fermented, with a greater production of acetate compared with other fibers. Their fermentation, either directly or by cross-feeding interactions, results in the increased abundances of gut bacterial communities such as the family of Ruminococcaceae, the Bacteroides and Lachnospira genera, and species such as Lachnospira eligens and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, where the specific stimulation of Lachnospira and L. eligens is unique to pectic substrates. Furthermore, the degree of methyl esterification, the homogalacturonan-to-rhamnogalacturonan ratio, and the molecular weight are the most influential structural factors on the gut microbiota. The latter particularly influences the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. The prebiotic potential of pectin targeting specific gut bacteria beneficial for human health and well-being still needs to be confirmed in humans, including the relationship between its structural features and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélida Pascale
- CP Kelco, Cumberland Center II, 3100 Cumberland Boulevard, Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
| | - Fangjie Gu
- CP Kelco, Cumberland Center II, 3100 Cumberland Boulevard, Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nadja Larsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Cranberry Arabino-Xyloglucan and Pectic Oligosaccharides Induce Lactobacillus Growth and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071346. [PMID: 35889065 PMCID: PMC9319371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous health benefits have been reported from the consumption of cranberry-derived products, and recent studies have identified bioactive polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from cranberry pomace. This study aimed to further characterize xyloglucan and pectic oligosaccharide structures from pectinase-treated cranberry pomace and measure the growth and short-chain fatty acid production of 86 Lactobacillus strains using a cranberry oligosaccharide fraction as the carbon source. In addition to arabino-xyloglucan structures, cranberry oligosaccharides included pectic rhamnogalacturonan I which was methyl-esterified, acetylated and contained arabino-galacto-oligosaccharide side chains and a 4,5-unsaturated function at the non-reducing end. When grown on cranberry oligosaccharides, ten Lactobacillus strains reached a final culture density (ΔOD) ≥ 0.50 after 24 h incubation at 32 °C, which was comparable to L. plantarum ATCC BAA 793. All strains produced lactic, acetic, and propionic acids, and all but three strains produced butyric acid. This study demonstrated that the ability to metabolize cranberry oligosaccharides is Lactobacillus strain specific, with some strains having the potential to be probiotics, and for the first time showed these ten strains were capable of growth on this carbon source. The novel cranberry pectic and arabino-xyloglucan oligosaccharide structures reported here combined with the Lactobacillus strains that can metabolize cranberry oligosaccharides and produce short-chain fatty acids, have excellent potential as health-promoting synbiotics.
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Godínez-Méndez LA, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Zepeda-Nuño JS, Vega-Magaña N, Lopez-Roa RI, Íñiguez-Gutiérrez L, García-López PM, Fafutis-Morris M, Delgado-Rizo V. In Vivo Healthy Benefits of Galacto-Oligosaccharides from Lupinus albus (LA-GOS) in Butyrate Production through Intestinal Microbiota. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1658. [PMID: 34827656 PMCID: PMC8615603 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal digestive systems host microorganism ecosystems, including integrated bacteria, viruses, fungi, and others, that produce a variety of compounds from different substrates with healthy properties. Among these substrates, α-galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are considered prebiotics that promote the grow of gut microbiota with a metabolic output of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). In this regard, we evaluated Lupinus albus GOS (LA-GOS) as a natural prebiotic using different animal models. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of LA-GOS on the gut microbiota, SCFA production, and intestinal health in healthy and induced dysbiosis conditions (an ulcerative colitis (UC) model). Twenty C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated in four groups (n = 5/group): untreated and treated non-induced animals, and two groups induced with 2% dextran sulfate sodium to UC with and without LA-GOS administration (2.5 g/kg bw). We found that the UC treated group showed a higher goblet cell number, lower disease activity index, and reduced histopathological damage in comparison to the UC untreated group. In addition, the abundance of positive bacteria to butyryl-CoA transferase in gut microbiota was significantly increased by LA-GOS treatment, in healthy conditions. We measured the SCFA production with significant differences in the butyrate concentration between treated and untreated healthy groups. Finally, the pH level in cecum feces was reduced after LA-GOS treatment. Overall, we point out the in vivo health benefits of LA-GOS administration on the preservation of the intestinal ecosystem and the promotion of SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila A. Godínez-Méndez
- Departamento de Fisiología, CIINDE, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.A.G.-M.); (L.Í.-G.); (M.F.-M.)
| | - Carmen M. Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.S.Z.-N.); (N.V.-M.)
| | - Natali Vega-Magaña
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.S.Z.-N.); (N.V.-M.)
| | - Rocio Ivette Lopez-Roa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitaro de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Liliana Íñiguez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, CIINDE, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.A.G.-M.); (L.Í.-G.); (M.F.-M.)
| | - Pedro M. García-López
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologíco y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Mary Fafutis-Morris
- Departamento de Fisiología, CIINDE, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.A.G.-M.); (L.Í.-G.); (M.F.-M.)
| | - Vidal Delgado-Rizo
- Departamento de Fisiología, CIINDE, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.A.G.-M.); (L.Í.-G.); (M.F.-M.)
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Graversen KB, Larsen JM, Pedersen SS, Sørensen LV, Christoffersen HF, Jacobsen LN, Halken S, Licht TR, Bahl MI, Bøgh KL. Partially Hydrolysed Whey Has Superior Allergy Preventive Capacity Compared to Intact Whey Regardless of Amoxicillin Administration in Brown Norway Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705543. [PMID: 34531857 PMCID: PMC8438296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It remains largely unknown how physicochemical properties of hydrolysed infant formulas influence their allergy preventive capacity, and results from clinical and animal studies comparing the preventive capacity of hydrolysed infant formula with conventional infant formula are inconclusive. Thus, the use of hydrolysed infant formula for allergy prevention in atopy-prone infants is highly debated. Furthermore, knowledge on how gut microbiota influences allergy prevention remains scarce. Objective To gain knowledge on (1) how physicochemical properties of hydrolysed whey products influence the allergy preventive capacity, (2) whether host microbiota disturbance influences allergy prevention, and (3) to what extent hydrolysed whey products influence gut microbiota composition. Methods The preventive capacity of four different ad libitum administered whey products was investigated in Brown Norway rats with either a conventional or an amoxicillin-disturbed gut microbiota. The preventive capacity of products was evaluated as the capacity to reduce whey-specific sensitisation and allergic reactions to intact whey after intraperitoneal post-immunisations with intact whey. Additionally, the direct effect of the whey products on the growth of gut bacteria derived from healthy human infant donors was evaluated by in vitro incubation. Results Two partially hydrolysed whey products with different physicochemical characteristics were found to be superior in preventing whey-specific sensitisation compared to intact and extensively hydrolysed whey products. Daily oral amoxicillin administration, initiated one week prior to intervention with whey products, disturbed the gut microbiota but did not impair the prevention of whey-specific sensitisation. The in vitro incubation of infant faecal samples with whey products indicated that partially hydrolysed whey products might confer a selective advantage to enterococci. Conclusions Our results support the use of partially hydrolysed whey products for prevention of cow’s milk allergy in atopy-predisposed infants regardless of their microbiota status. However, possible direct effects of partially hydrolysed whey products on gut microbiota composition warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Susanne Halken
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Co-Encapsulated Synbiotics and Immobilized Probiotics in Human Health and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061297. [PMID: 34200108 PMCID: PMC8230215 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in the development of innovative functional products as ideal carriers for synbiotics, e.g., nutrient bars, yogurt, chocolate, juice, ice cream, and cheese, to ensure the daily intake of probiotics and prebiotics, which are needed to maintain a healthy gut microbiota and overall well-being, is undeniable and inevitable. This review focuses on the modern approaches that are currently being developed to modulate the gut microbiota, with an emphasis on the health benefits mediated by co-encapsulated synbiotics and immobilized probiotics. The impact of processing, storage, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions on the viability and bioactivity of probiotics together with prebiotics such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytochemicals, and dietary fibers using various delivery systems are considered. Despite the proven biological properties of synbiotics, research in this area needs to be focused on the proper selection of probiotic strains, their prebiotic counterparts, and delivery systems to avoid suppression of their synergistic or complementary effect on human health. Future directions should lead to the development of functional food products containing stable synbiotics tailored for different age groups or specifically designed to fulfill the needs of adjuvant therapy.
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14
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Kamilari E, Efthymiou M, Anagnostopoulos DA, Tsaltas D. Cyprus Sausages' Bacterial Community Identification Through Metataxonomic Sequencing: Evaluation of the Impact of Different DNA Extraction Protocols on the Sausages' Microbial Diversity Representation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:662957. [PMID: 34079530 PMCID: PMC8165277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyprus traditional sausages from the Troodos mountainous region of Pitsilia gained the protected geographical indication (PGI) designation from the European Committee (EU 2020/C 203/06). Still, we lack authentication protocols for the distinction of “Pitsilia” from industrially produced Cyprus sausages. Microbial activity is an essential contributor to traditional sausages’ sensorial characteristics, but whether the microbial patterns might be associated with the area of production is unclear. In the present research, we applied high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to provide a linkage between the area of production and Cyprus sausages’ bacterial diversity. To strengthen our findings, we used three different DNA extraction commercial kits: (i) the DNeasy PowerFood Microbial Kit (QIAGEN); (ii) the NucleoSpin Food Kit (MACHEREY-NAGEL); and (iii) the blackPREP Food DNA I Kit (Analytik Jena), in which we applied three different microbial cell wall lysis modifications. The modifications included heat treatment, bead beating, and enzymatic treatment. Results regarding metagenomic sequencing were evaluated in terms of number of reads, alpha diversity indexes, and taxonomic composition. The efficacy of each method of DNA isolation was assessed quantitatively based on the extracted DNA yield and the obtained copy number of (a) the 16S rRNA gene, (b) the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and (c) three Gram-positive bacteria that belong to the genera Latilactobacillus (formerly Lactobacillus), Bacillus, and Enterococcus via absolute quantification using qPCR. Compared with some examined industrial sausages, Pitsilia sausages had significantly higher bacterial alpha diversity (Shannon and Simpson indexes). Principal coordinates analysis separated the total bacterial community composition (beta diversity) of the three Pitsilia sausages from the industrial sausages, with the exception of one industrial sausage produced in Pitsilia, according to the manufacturer. Although the eight sausages shared the abundant bacterial taxa based on 16S rDNA HTS, we observed differences associated with bacterial diversity representation and specific genera. The findings indicate that the microbial communities may be used as an additional tool for identifying of the authenticity of Cypriot sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kamilari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Marina Efthymiou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios A Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios Tsaltas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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15
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Xu J, Liu W, Wu J, Wang W, Wang Z, Yu X, Zhang H, Zhu L, Zhan X. Metabolic profiles of oligosaccharides derived from four microbial polysaccharides by faecal inocula from type 2 diabetes patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:1083-1094. [PMID: 33870850 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1908964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro digestion of curdlan oligosaccharides (COSs), pullulan oligosaccharides (POSs), xanthan gum oligosaccharides (XGOSs) and gellan gum oligosaccharides (GGOSs) was investigated. These four oligosaccharides showed resistance to simulated saliva and gastric and small intestinal fluid. In further fermentation with faecal microbiota from healthy subjects and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, COS fermentation significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. and the production of short-chain fatty acids in healthy and T2D groups. Digestion of XGOS enhanced the growth of the Clostridium leptum subgroup and significantly increased butyric acid production in healthy and T2D groups. Sole fermentation with COS, POS, XGOS and GGOS exhibited different metabolic profiles between healthy and T2D groups, and more small molecule polyols were produced in the T2D group than in the healthy group. This study provides a novel perspective on the reconstruction of gut microbiota and metabolism by POS, COS, GGOS and XGOS intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weibao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Xun Yu
- Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Wuxi Galaxy Biotech Co. Ltd., Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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16
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The Multiomics Analyses of Fecal Matrix and Its Significance to Coeliac Disease Gut Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041965. [PMID: 33671197 PMCID: PMC7922330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GIT) diseases have risen globally in recent years, and early detection of the host’s gut microbiota, typically through fecal material, has become a crucial component for rapid diagnosis of such diseases. Human fecal material is a complex substance composed of undigested macromolecules and particles, and the processing of such matter is a challenge due to the unstable nature of its products and the complexity of the matrix. The identification of these products can be used as an indication for present and future diseases; however, many researchers focus on one variable or marker looking for specific biomarkers of disease. Therefore, the combination of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics can give a detailed and complete insight into the gut environment. The proper sample collection, sample preparation and accurate analytical methods play a crucial role in generating precise microbial data and hypotheses in gut microbiome research, as well as multivariate data analysis in determining the gut microbiome functionality in regard to diseases. This review summarizes fecal sample protocols involved in profiling coeliac disease.
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17
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Singh RP, Tingirikari JMR. Agro waste derived pectin poly and oligosaccharides: Synthesis and functional characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Gullón P, del Río PG, Gullón B, Oliveira D, Costa P, Lorenzo JM. Pectooligosaccharides as Emerging Functional Ingredients: Sources, Extraction Technologies, and Biological Activities. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN FOOD 2021:71-92. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821233-2.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
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19
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Spadoni Andreani E, Karboune S. Comparison of enzymatic and microwave-assisted alkaline extraction approaches for the generation of oligosaccharides from American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Pomace. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2443-2451. [PMID: 32691432 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry pomace obtained from industrial juice production was characterized by proximate composition analysis and monosaccharide profile of the dietary fiber. Extraction of carbohydrates from pomace was investigated using microwave-assisted alkaline method and five commercial biocatalysts (pure endo-galactanase and four multienzyme biocatalysts). The extracts obtained from microwave-assisted approach had average total sugars yield of 21.3% and contained mostly oligosaccharides in the degree of polymerization range of 7 to 10. All multienzyme biocatalysts led to yields similar or higher than microwave-assisted approach (23.4% to 42.0%), but mainly generated shorter oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 5. Compared to cranberry pomace dietary fiber, microwave-assisted extracts were enriched in pectic oligosaccharides, whereas the enzymatic extracts were enriched in glucans and had less rhamnose and galactose. Pomace ground for 5 min or more by ball mill assumed a powdery consistence. Longer milling did not affect particle size but increased their roughness. Such physical changes had no effect on the efficiency of multienzymatic treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The increased production of cranberries and cranberry products will continuously generate more pomace, a potentially valuable material for the generation of added-value products. Up to 60% to 70% of cranberry pomace is composed of plant cell wall material. The properties of naturally occurring plant cell wall polysaccharides and their corresponding oligosaccharides have been of a great interest, and many of them find application as functional food ingredients. Despite the fact that the cranberry pomace is rich in plant cell polysaccharides, it has been mainly explored as a source of phenolic antioxidants. This study reveals the efficiency of cranberry pomace as a source of nondigestible oligosaccharides. The use of microwave-assisted extraction and different biocatalysts for the enzymatic extraction led to oligosaccharides with well-defined monosaccharide composition and molecular weight distribution. The study of the effects of these extraction techniques on the yield and the characteristics of generated oligosaccharides would allow the modulation of their properties. As an overall, the findings of this study would contribute to lay the scientific ground for the development of innovative process for the isolation of nondigestible oligosaccharides as functional ingredients from cranberry pomace by products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Spadoni Andreani
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9 × 3V9, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9 × 3V9, Canada
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20
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de Oliveira SPA, do Nascimento HMA, Sampaio KB, de Souza EL. A review on bioactive compounds of beet ( Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) with special emphasis on their beneficial effects on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2022-2033. [PMID: 32449379 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1768510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the available literature concerning the bioactive compounds of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and their ability to modulate the gut microbiota and parameters indicative of gastrointestinal health. Data of published literature characterize beet as a source of a variety of bioactive compounds (e.g. diet fiber, pectic-oligosaccharides, betalains and phenolics) with proven beneficial effects on human health. Beet extracts and pectin and pectic-oligosaccharides from beet have shown able to modulate positively gut microbiota composition and activity, with noticeable bifidogenic effects, in addition to stimulate the growth and metabolism of probiotics. Beet betalains and phenolics seem to increase the production of metabolites (e.g. short chain fatty acids) by gut microbiota and probiotics, which are linked with different beneficial effects on host health. The outstanding contents of betalains and phenolics with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties have been linked to the positive effects of beet on gastrointestinal health. Beet should be a healthy choice for use in domestic meal preparations and a source of ingredients to formulate added-value functionalized food products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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21
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Guarino MPL, Altomare A, Emerenziani S, Di Rosa C, Ribolsi M, Balestrieri P, Iovino P, Rocchi G, Cicala M. Mechanisms of Action of Prebiotics and Their Effects on Gastro-Intestinal Disorders in Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:1037. [PMID: 32283802 PMCID: PMC7231265 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research has focused on the use of dietary fibers and prebiotics, since many of these polysaccharides can be metabolized by intestinal microbiota, leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids. The metabolites of prebiotic fermentation also show anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities, suggesting an interesting role in the treatment of several pathological conditions. Galacto-oligosaccharide and short- and long-chain fructans (Fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin) are the most studied prebiotics, even if other dietary compounds seem to show the same features. There is an increasing interest in dietary strategies to modulate microbiota. The aim of this review is to explore the mechanisms of action of prebiotics and their effects on the principal gastro-intestinal disorders in adults, with a special focus on Galacto-oligosaccharides, Fructo-oligosaccharides, lactulose and new emerging substances which currently have evidence of prebiotics effects, such as xilooligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, lactobionic acid, resistant starch and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.P.L.G.); (S.E.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Annamaria Altomare
- Gastroenterology Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.P.L.G.); (S.E.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Sara Emerenziani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.P.L.G.); (S.E.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Di Rosa
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mentore Ribolsi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.P.L.G.); (S.E.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Balestrieri
- Gastroenterology Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.P.L.G.); (S.E.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Iovino
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Giulia Rocchi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.P.L.G.); (S.E.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (G.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Cicala
- Gastroenterology Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.P.L.G.); (S.E.); (M.R.); (P.B.); (G.R.); (M.C.)
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22
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Effects of gastrointestinal digested polyphenolic enriched extracts of Chilean currants (Ribes magellanicum and Ribes punctatum) on in vitro fecal microbiota. Food Res Int 2020; 129:108848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Production of thermostable endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase in Pichia pastoris for enzymatically releasing functional oligosaccharides from sugar beet pulp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1595-1607. [PMID: 31879825 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sugar beet pulp is an agricultural processing residue that is a rich source of the cell wall polysaccharide arabinan. Functional oligosaccharides, specifically feruloylated arabino-oligosaccharides (FAOs), can be isolated from sugar beet pulp through selective action by endo-arabinanase (glycoside hydrolase family 43). This study aimed to develop yeast (Pichia pastoris) as an efficient, eukaryotic platform to produce a thermophilic endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase (TS-ABN) for extracting FAOs from sugar beet pulp. Recombinant TS-ABN was secreted into yeast culture medium at a yield of ~ 80 mg/L, and the protein exhibited specific enzyme activity, pH and temperature optimum, and thermostability comparable to those of the native enzyme. Treatment of sugar beet pulp with Pichia-secreted TS-ABN released FAOs recovered by hydrophobic chromatography at 1.52% (w/w). The isolated FAOs averaged seven arabinose residues per ferulic acid, and treatment of T84 human colon epithelial cells significantly increased expression of two key tight junction-related proteins-zonula occludens-1 and occludin-in a dose-dependent manner. This research establishes a biochemical platform for utilizing sugar beet pulp to produce value-added bioproducts with potential nutraceutical applications.
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Gupta S, Lokesh J, Abdelhafiz Y, Siriyappagouder P, Pierre R, Sørensen M, Fernandes JMO, Kiron V. Macroalga-Derived Alginate Oligosaccharide Alters Intestinal Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2037. [PMID: 31572312 PMCID: PMC6753961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are substrates intended to sculpt gut microbial communities as they are selectively utilized by the microorganisms to exert beneficial health effects on hosts. Macroalga-derived oligosaccharides are candidate prebiotics, and herein, we determined the effects of Laminaria sp.-derived alginate oligosaccharide (AlgOS) on the distal intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Using a high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technique, we investigated the microbiota harbored in the intestinal content and mucus of the fish offered feeds supplemented with 0.5 and 2.5% AlgOS. We found that the prebiotic shifts the intestinal microbiota profile; alpha diversity was significantly reduced with 2.5% AlgOS while with 0.5% AlgOS the alteration occurred without impacting the bacterial diversity. Beta diversity analysis indicated the significant differences between control and prebiotic-fed groups. The low supplementation level of AlgOS facilitated the dominance of Proteobacteria (including Photobacterium phosphoreum, Aquabacterium parvum, Achromobacter insolitus), and Spirochaetes (Brevinema andersonii) in the content or mucus of the fish, and few of these bacteria (Aliivibrio logei, A. parvum, B. andersonii, A. insolitus) have genes associated with butyrate production. The results indicate that the low inclusion of AlgOS can plausibly induce a prebiotic effect on the distal intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon. These findings can generate further interest in the potential of macroalgae-derived oligosaccharides for food and feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Gupta
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Yousri Abdelhafiz
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Ronan Pierre
- CEVA (Centre d'Etude et de Valorisation des Algues), Pleubian, France
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Rengadu D, Gerrano AS, Mellem JJ. Prebiotic effect of resistant starch from
Vigna unguiculata
(L.) Walp. (cowpea) using an
in vitro
simulated digestion model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Rengadu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Durban University of Technology PO Box 1334 Durban4000South Africa
| | - Abe S. Gerrano
- Agricultural Research Council‐Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute Private Bag X293 Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - John J. Mellem
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Durban University of Technology PO Box 1334 Durban4000South Africa
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Seong H, Bae JH, Seo JS, Kim SA, Kim TJ, Han NS. Comparative analysis of prebiotic effects of seaweed polysaccharides laminaran, porphyran, and ulvan using in vitro human fecal fermentation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Ahmadi S, Nagpal R, Wang S, Gagliano J, Kitzman DW, Soleimanian-Zad S, Sheikh-Zeinoddin M, Read R, Yadav H. Prebiotics from acorn and sago prevent high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance via microbiome-gut-brain axis modulation. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:1-13. [PMID: 30831458 PMCID: PMC6520164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Role of gut microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) became apparent from several independent studies indicating that gut microbiome modulators like prebiotics may improve microbiome perturbations (dysbiosis) to ameliorate metabolic derangements. We herein isolate water soluble, nondigestible polysaccharides from five plant-based foods (acorn, quinoa, sunflower, pumpkin seeds and sago) and assess their impact on human fecal microbiome and amelioration of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity/T2D in mice. During polysaccharide isolation, purification, biochemical and digestion resistance characterization, and fermentation pattern by human fecal microbiome, we select acorn- and sago-derived prebiotics (on the basis of relatively higher purity and yield and lower protein contamination) and examine their effects in comparison to inulin. Prebiotics treatments in human fecal microbiome culture system not only preserve microbial diversity but also appear to foster beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Feeding of acorn- and sago-derived prebiotics ameliorates HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in mice, with effects comparatively superior to those seen in inulin-fed mice. Feeding of both of novel prebiotics as well as inulin increases SCFAs levels in the mouse gut. Interestingly, gut hyperpermeability and mucosal inflammatory markers were significantly reduced upon prebiotics feeding in HFD-fed mice. Hypothalamic energy signaling in terms of increased expression of pro-opiomelanocortin was also modulated by prebiotics administration. Results demonstrate that these (and/or such) novel prebiotics can ameliorate HFD-induced defects in glucose metabolism via positive modulation of gut-microbiome-brain axis and hence could be useful in preventing/treating diet-induced obesity/T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Ahmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jason Gagliano
- National Center for the Biotechnology Workforce, Forsyth Technical Community College, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sabihe Soleimanian-Zad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Sheikh-Zeinoddin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Russel Read
- National Center for the Biotechnology Workforce, Forsyth Technical Community College, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Evaluating the clinical importance of bacterial degradation of therapeutic agents in the lower intestine of adults using adult fecal material. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:142-150. [PMID: 30273661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optimize adult fecal material composition for evaluating the clinical importance of bacterial degradation of therapeutic agents in the lower intestine (distal small intestine, D-SI and proximal colon, P-COL). Evaluate the usefulness of optimized fecal material in the evaluation of bacterial degradation of five model highly permeable drugs: two nitroreductase substrates (nitrendipine and nimodipine), three drugs for which published data indicate no impact of bacterial degradation on in vivo performance (levodopa, budesonide and rivaroxaban) and one prodrug (sulfasalazine, an azoreductase substrate) from which a locally acting on the mucosa of the lower intestine drug is derived (mesalamine). METHODS 30 min and 95 min were used as point estimates of maximum bacterial degradation half-lives for bacterial degradation in D-SI or in P-COL, respectively, to be clinically important, i.e. for at least 20% reduction in absorption from D-SI or P-COL to occur. Optimization of fecal material was based on recently reported degradation profiles of metronidazole (a nitroreductase substrate) and olsalazine (an azoreductase substrate) in the lower intestine of healthy adults which are clinically important. Model compounds were tested in optimized fecal materials and data were evaluated vs. existing in vivo data in adults. RESULTS Simulated ileal bacteria (SIB) consisted of 5.5% (w/v) stools in normal saline and simulated colonic bacteria (SCoB) consisted of 8.3% (w/v) stools in normal saline. For all model compounds, data in SIB and SCoB were in line with available information in adults. [Degradation half-life in SIB/Degradation half-life in SCoB] ≈ [Stool content in SCoB/Stool content in SIB] ≈ 1.5, i.e. bacterial degradation in SIB could be predicted from bacterial degradation in SCoB. CONCLUSION Data in SCoB only are useful for evaluating whether bacterial degradation in P-COL and in D-SI is likely to be clinically important for orally administered, highly permeable drugs or prodrugs which act locally after bacterial degradation. The usefulness of this approach in cases where enzymes other than nitroreductases or azoreductases are involved requires further confirmation.
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Effects of Different Doses of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the Composition of Mice Fecal Microbiota, Especially the Bifidobacterium Composition. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081105. [PMID: 30115879 PMCID: PMC6115998 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are a well-known class of prebiotic and are considered to selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in the gut. Previous studies focused on the growth stimulation of Bifidobacterium, but they did not further investigate the bifidobacterial composition and the specific species that were stimulated. In this study, mice were fed with FOS in different doses for four weeks and the composition of fecal microbiota, in particular Bifidobacterium, was analyzed by sequencing the V3–V4 region and the groEL gene on the MiSeq platform, respectively. In the high-dose group, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased, which was mainly contributed by Bifidobacterium. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Blautia and Coprococcus were also significantly increased. Through the groEL sequencing, 14 species of Bifidobacterium were identified, among which B. pseudolongum was most abundant. After FOS treatment, B. pseudolongum became almost the sole bifidobacterial species (>95%). B. pseudolongum strains were isolated and demonstrated their ability to metabolize FOS by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, we inferred that FOS significantly stimulated the growth of B. pseudolongum in mice. Further investigations are needed to reveal the mechanism of selectiveness between FOS and B. pseudolongum, which would aid our understanding of the basic principles between dietary carbohydrates and host health.
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Arzamasov AA, van Sinderen D, Rodionov DA. Comparative Genomics Reveals the Regulatory Complexity of Bifidobacterial Arabinose and Arabino-Oligosaccharide Utilization. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:776. [PMID: 29740413 PMCID: PMC5928203 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract. Previously it was shown that arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS) might act as prebiotics and stimulate the bifidobacterial growth in the gut. However, despite the rapid accumulation of genomic data, the precise mechanisms by which these sugars are utilized and associated transcription control still remain unclear. In the current study, we used a comparative genomic approach to reconstruct arabinose and AOS utilization pathways in over 40 bacterial species belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae family. The results indicate that the gene repertoire involved in the catabolism of these sugars is highly diverse, and even phylogenetically close species may differ in their utilization capabilities. Using bioinformatics analysis we identified potential DNA-binding motifs and reconstructed putative regulons for the arabinose and AOS utilization genes in the Bifidobacteriaceae genomes. Six LacI-family transcriptional factors (named AbfR, AauR, AauU1, AauU2, BauR1 and BauR2) and a TetR-family regulator (XsaR) presumably act as local repressors for AOS utilization genes encoding various α- or β-L-arabinofuranosidases and predicted AOS transporters. The ROK-family regulator AraU and the LacI-family regulator AraQ control adjacent operons encoding putative arabinose transporters and catabolic enzymes, respectively. However, the AraQ regulator is universally present in all Bifidobacterium species including those lacking the arabinose catabolic genes araBDA, suggesting its control of other genes. Comparative genomic analyses of prospective AraQ-binding sites allowed the reconstruction of AraQ regulons and a proposed binary repression/activation mechanism. The conserved core of reconstructed AraQ regulons in bifidobacteria includes araBDA, as well as genes from the central glycolytic and fermentation pathways (pyk, eno, gap, tkt, tal, galM, ldh). The current study expands the range of genes involved in bifidobacterial arabinose/AOS utilization and demonstrates considerable variations in associated metabolic pathways and regulons. Detailed comparative and phylogenetic analyses allowed us to hypothesize how the identified reconstructed regulons evolved in bifidobacteria. Our findings may help to improve carbohydrate catabolic phenotype prediction and metabolic modeling, while it may also facilitate rational development of novel prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Yuan L, Li W, Huo Q, Du C, Wang Z, Yi B, Wang M. Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide and flavomycin on the immune function of broiler chickens. PeerJ 2018. [PMID: 29527412 PMCID: PMC5842763 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) and flavomycin (FLA) on the performance and immune function of broiler chickens. A total of 150 ArborAcres broilers were randomly divided into three groups and fed for six weeks from one day of age in cascade cages. The diets of each test group were (1) a basal diet, (2) the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg FLA, and (3) the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg XOS. At 21 and 42 days, the growth performance index values and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the cecum were quantified. Furthermore, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and plasma interleukin 2 (IL-2) as well as mRNA expression of LPS-Induced TNF-alpha Factor (LITAF), Toll-like receptor-5 (TLR5) and interferon gamma (IFNγ ) in the jejunum were quantified. The results showed that administration of XOS or FLA to chickens significantly improved the average daily gain. Supplementation with XOS increased acetate and butyrate in the cecum, while FLA supplementation increased propionate in the cecum. An increase in plasma IgG was observed in XOS-fed 21-day-old broilers, but FLA supplementation decreased IgG in the plasma of 42-day-old broilers and increased plasma IL-2. Furthermore, FLA or XOS supplementation downregulated mRNA expression of IFNγ , LITAF and TLR5. The above data suggest that addition of XOS and FLA to the diet could improve the growth performance of broilers and reduce the expression of cytokine genes by stimulating SCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qianqian Huo
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chenhong Du
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Baodi Yi
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingfa Wang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wattananapakasem I, Costabile A, Suwannaporn P. Slow digestible colored rice flour as wall material for microencapsulation: Its impacts on gut bacterial population and metabolic activities. Food Res Int 2018; 103:182-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Prandi B, Baldassarre S, Babbar N, Bancalari E, Vandezande P, Hermans D, Bruggeman G, Gatti M, Elst K, Sforza S. Pectin oligosaccharides from sugar beet pulp: molecular characterization and potential prebiotic activity. Food Funct 2018; 9:1557-1569. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pectin oligosaccharides (POS) obtained from sugar beet pulp with suitable technologies showed promising prebiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food and Drug
- University of Parma
- Parma
- Italy
| | | | - Neha Babbar
- Department of Food and Drug
- University of Parma
- Parma
- Italy
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica Gatti
- Department of Food and Drug
- University of Parma
- Parma
- Italy
| | - Kathy Elst
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research
- Mol
- Belgium
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food and Drug
- University of Parma
- Parma
- Italy
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Liu XY, Wang HY, Li XQ, Wu JJ, Yu BY, Liu JH. The activity of Hou-Po-Da-Huang-Tang is improved through intestinal bacterial metabolism and Hou-Po-Da-Huang-Tang selectively stimulate the growth of intestinal bacteria associated with health. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:794-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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C. K. Rajendran SR, Okolie CL, Udenigwe CC, Mason B. Structural features underlying prebiotic activity of conventional and potential prebiotic oligosaccharides in food and health. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subin R. C. K. Rajendran
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture; Dalhousie University; Nova Scotia B2N5E3, Canada
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment; Cape Breton University; Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada
| | - Chigozie Louis Okolie
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture; Dalhousie University; Nova Scotia B2N5E3, Canada
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment; Cape Breton University; Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Beth Mason
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment; Cape Breton University; Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada
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Tagliabue A, Ferraris C, Uggeri F, Trentani C, Bertoli S, de Giorgis V, Veggiotti P, Elli M. Short-term impact of a classical ketogenic diet on gut microbiota in GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome: A 3-month prospective observational study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017; 17:33-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Belorkar SA, Gupta AK. Oligosaccharides: a boon from nature's desk. AMB Express 2016; 6:82. [PMID: 27699701 PMCID: PMC5047869 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the varied sources of oligosaccharides available in nature as silent health promoting, integral ingredients of plants as well as animal products like honey and milk. The article focuses on exotic and unfamiliar oligosaccharides like Galactooligosaccharides, Lactulose derived Galactooligosaccharides, Xylooligosaccharides, Arabinooligosaccharides and algae derived Marine oligosaccharides along with the most acknowledged prebiotic fructooligosaccharides. The oligosaccharides are named as on the grounds of the monomeric units forming oligomers with functional properties. The chemical structures, natural sources, microbial enzyme mediated synthesis and physiological effects are discussed. An elaborate account of the different types of oligosaccharides with special reference to fructooligosaccharides are presented. Finally, the profound health benefits of oligosaccharides are rigourously discussed limelighting its positive physiological sequel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema A. Belorkar
- Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, 206, Budhiya complex, Sarkanda, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495004 India
| | - A. K. Gupta
- Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG 492010 India
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38
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Three protective agents for pectin-rice bran capsules for encapsulating Lactobacillus plantarum. FOOD BIOSCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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elaheh M, Ali MS, Elnaz M, Ladan N. Prebiotic effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) fructans on the growth performance of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Escherichia coli. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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40
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Moon JS, Joo W, Ling L, Choi HS, Han NS. In vitro digestion and fermentation of sialyllactoses by infant gut microflora. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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41
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Moon JS, Shin SY, Choi HS, Joo W, Cho SK, Li L, Kang JH, Kim TJ, Han NS. In vitro digestion and fermentation properties of linear sugar-beet arabinan and its oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 131:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Long W, Xue Z, Zhang Q, Feng Z, Bridgewater L, Wang L, Zhao L, Pang X. Differential responses of gut microbiota to the same prebiotic formula in oligotrophic and eutrophic batch fermentation systems. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13469. [PMID: 26305380 PMCID: PMC4548253 DOI: 10.1038/srep13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The same prebiotics have produced inconsistent effects on microbiota when evaluated in different batch fermentation studies. To understand the reasons behind these discrepancies, we compared impact of one prebiotic formula on the same inoculated fecal microbiota in two frequently used batch systems: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, oligotrophic) and basal culture medium (BCM, eutrophic). The microbiota was monitored using 454 pyrosequencing. Negative controls (no prebiotic) of both systems showed significant shifts in the microbiota during fermentation, although their pH remained relatively stable, especially in BCM, with increases in Bilophila and Escherichia/Shigella but a decrease in Faecalibacterium. We identified prebiotic responders via redundancy analysis by including both baseline and negative controls. The key positive and negative responders in the two systems were very different, with only 8 consistently modulated OTUs (7 of the 28 positive responders and 1 of the 35 negative responders). Moreover, some OTUs within the same genus responded to the prebiotic in opposite ways. Therefore, to obtain a complete in vitro evaluation of the modulatory effects of a prebiotic on microbiota, it is necessary to use both oligotrophic and eutrophic systems, compare treatment groups with both baseline and negative controls, and analyze the microbiota changes down to the OTU level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhengsheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qianpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Laura Bridgewater
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Perfect (China) Co. Ltd. Joint Research Center on Microbiota and Health
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Guadamuro L, Delgado S, Redruello B, Flórez AB, Suárez A, Martínez-Camblor P, Mayo B. Equol status and changes in fecal microbiota in menopausal women receiving long-term treatment for menopause symptoms with a soy-isoflavone concentrate. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:777. [PMID: 26300856 PMCID: PMC4525046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge regarding the intestinal microbial types involved in isoflavone bioavailability and metabolism is still limited. The present work reports the influence of a treatment with isoflavones for 6 months on the fecal bacterial communities of 16 menopausal women, as determined by culturing and culture-independent microbial techniques. Changes in fecal communities were analyzed with respect to the women's equol-producing phenotype. Compared to baseline, at 1 and 3 months the counts for all microbial populations in the feces of equol-producing women had increased strongly. In contrast, among the non-producers, the counts for all microbial populations at 1 month were similar to those at baseline, and decreased significantly by 3 and 6 months. Following isoflavone intake, major bands in the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles appeared and disappeared, suggesting important changes in majority populations. In some women, increases were seen in the intensity of specific DGGE bands corresponding to microorganisms known to be involved in the metabolism of dietary phytoestrogens (Lactonifactor longoviformis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium sp., Ruminococcus sp.). Real-Time quantitative PCR revealed that the Clostridium leptum and C. coccoides populations increased in equol producers, while those of bifidobacteria and enterobacteria decreased, and vice versa in the non-producers. Finally, the Atopobium population increased in both groups, but especially in the non-producers at three months. As the main findings of this study, (i) variations in the microbial communities over the 6-month period of isoflavone supplementation were large; (ii) no changes in the fecal microbial populations that were convincingly treatment-specific were seen; and (iii) the production of equol did not appear to be associated with the presence of, or increase in the population of, any of the majority bacterial types analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Guadamuro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Begoña Redruello
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Ana B Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Adolfo Suárez
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital de Cabueñes Gijón, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Camblor
- Consorcio de Apoyo a la Investigación Biomédica en Red, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo, Spain ; Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain
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Babbar N, Dejonghe W, Gatti M, Sforza S, Elst K. Pectic oligosaccharides from agricultural by-products: production, characterization and health benefits. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:594-606. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.996732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Babbar
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium and
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium and
| | - Monica Gatti
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Kathy Elst
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium and
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Fernández J, Redondo-Blanco S, M. Miguélez E, J. Villar C, Clemente A, Lombó F. Healthy effects of prebiotics and their metabolites against intestinal diseases and colorectal cancer. AIMS Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2015.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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In situ prebiotics for weaning piglets: in vitro production and fermentation of potato galacto-rhamnogalacturonan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1668-78. [PMID: 25527557 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03582-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is a leading cause of economic loss in pork production worldwide. The current practice of using antibiotics and zinc to treat PWD is unsustainable due to the potential of antibiotic resistance and ecological disturbance, and novel methods are required. In this study, an in vitro model was used to test the possibility of producing prebiotic fiber in situ in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the piglet and the prebiotic activity of the resulting fiber in the terminal ileum. Soluble fiber was successfully produced from potato pulp, an industrial waste product, with the minimal enzyme dose in a simulated upper GI tract model extracting 26.9% of the initial dry matter. The fiber was rich in galactose and galacturonic acid and was fermented at 2.5, 5, or 10 g/liter in a glucose-free medium inoculated with the gut contents of piglet terminal ileum. Fermentations of 5 g/liter inulin or 5 g/liter of a purified potato fiber were used as controls. The fibers showed high fermentability, evident by a dose-dependent drop in pH and an increase in the organic acid content, with lactate in particular being increased. Deep sequencing showed a significant increase in the numbers of Lactobacillus and Veillonella organisms and an insignificant increase in the numbers of Clostridium organisms as well as a decrease in the numbers of Streptococcus organisms. Multivariate analysis showed clustering of the treatment groups, with the group treated with purified potato fiber being clearly separated from the other groups, as the microbiota composition was 60% Lactobacillus and almost free of Clostridium. For animal studies, a dosage corresponding to the 5-g/liter treatment is suggested.
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Wicker L, Kim Y, Kim MJ, Thirkield B, Lin Z, Jung J. Pectin as a bioactive polysaccharide – Extracting tailored function from less. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang ZK, Yang YS, Chen Y, Yuan J, Sun G, Peng LH. Intestinal microbiota pathogenesis and fecal microbiota transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14805-14820. [PMID: 25356041 PMCID: PMC4209544 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The pathogenesis of IBD involves inappropriate ongoing activation of the mucosal immune system driven by abnormal intestinal microbiota in genetically predisposed individuals. However, there are still no definitive microbial pathogens linked to the onset of IBD. The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites are indeed disturbed in IBD patients. The special alterations of gut microbiota associated with IBD remain to be evaluated. The microbial interactions and host-microbe immune interactions are still not clarified. Limitations of present probiotic products in IBD are mainly due to modest clinical efficacy, few available strains and no standardized administration. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may restore intestinal microbial homeostasis, and preliminary data have shown the clinical efficacy of FMT on refractory IBD or IBD combined with Clostridium difficile infection. Additionally, synthetic microbiota transplantation with the defined composition of fecal microbiota is also a promising therapeutic approach for IBD. However, FMT-related barriers, including the mechanism of restoring gut microbiota, standardized donor screening, fecal material preparation and administration, and long-term safety should be resolved. The role of intestinal microbiota and FMT in IBD should be further investigated by metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses combined with germ-free/human flora-associated animals and chemostat gut models.
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Christensen EG, Licht TR, Leser TD, Bahl MI. Dietary xylo-oligosaccharide stimulates intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli but has limited effect on intestinal integrity in rats. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:660. [PMID: 25238818 PMCID: PMC4179812 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of prebiotics may modulate gut microbiota, subsequently affecting the bacterial composition, metabolite profile, and human health. Previous studies indicate that also changes in intestinal integrity may occur. In order to explore this further we have investigated the effect of the putative prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on the gut microbiota and intestinal integrity in male Wistar rats. As changes in intestinal integrity may be related to the expected bifidogenic effect of XOS, we additionally addressed effects of supplementation with a commensal Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (BIF) isolated from the same breed of laboratory rats. Results Changes in faecal and caecal bacterial composition determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR for selected bacterial groups revealed that the overall bacterial composition did not differ markedly between the control (CON), XOS, and BIF groups, when correcting for multiple comparisons. However as hypothesised, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. was increased in XOS-fed rats as compared to CON in faecal samples after the intervention. Also Lactobacillus spp. was increased in both the XOS and BIF groups in caecum content compared to CON. Intestinal permeability determined in vivo by FITC-dextran permeability and in vitro using extracted caecum water in trans-epithelial resistance (TER) assay showed no effect on intestinal integrity in either the XOS or the BIF groups. However, the expression of occludin, which is part of the tight junction complex, was increased in the XOS group compared to the CON group. Conclusions Supplementation with XOS or a commensal Bifidobacterium pseudolongum had very limited effects on intestinal integrity in rats as only significant change in expression of a single tight junction protein gene was found for the XOS group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Iain Bahl
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
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Ibrügger S, Vigsnæs LK, Blennow A, Blooming E, Raben A, Lauritzen L, Kristensen M. Second meal effect on appetite and fermentation of wholegrain rye foods. Appetite 2014; 80:248-56. [PMID: 24874564 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wholegrain rye has been associated with decreased hunger sensations. This may be partly mediated by colonic fermentation. Sustained consumption of fermentable components is known to change the gut microflora and may increase numbers of saccharolytic bacteria. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of wholegrain rye consumption on appetite and colonic fermentation after a subsequent meal. METHODS In a randomized, controlled, three-arm cross-over study, twelve healthy male subjects consumed three iso-caloric evening test meals. The test meals were based on white wheat bread (WBB), wholegrain rye kernel bread (RKB), or boiled rye kernels (RK). Breath hydrogen excretion and subjective appetite sensation were measured before and at 30 min intervals for 3 h after a standardized breakfast in the subsequent morning. After the 3 h, an ad libitum lunch meal was served to assess energy intake. In an in vitro study, RKB and RK were subjected to digestion and 24 h-fermentation in order to study SCFA production and growth of selected saccharolytic bacteria. RESULTS The test meals did not differ in their effect on parameters of subjective appetite sensation the following day. Ad libitum energy intake at lunch was, however, reduced by 11% (P < 0.01) after RKB and 7% (P < 0.05) after RK compared with after WWB evening meal. Breath hydrogen excretion was significantly increased following RKB and RK evening meals compared with WWB (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Overall, RKB and RK were readily fermented in vitro and exhibited similar fermentation profiles, although total SCFA production was higher for RK compared with RKB (P < 0.001). In vitro fermentation of RKB and RK both increased the relative quantities of Bifidobacterium and decreased Bacteroides compared with inoculum (P < 0.001). The C. coccoides group was reduced after RKB (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Consumption of wholegrain rye products reduced subsequent ad libitum energy intake in young healthy men, possibly mediated by mechanisms related to colonic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ibrügger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Kristine Vigsnæs
- National Food Institute, Division of Food Microbiology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ember Blooming
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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