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Anand PS, Kamath KP, Gandhi AP, Shamim MA, Padhi BK, Das S. Dental plaque as an extra-gastric reservoir of Helicobacter pylori: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2025; 170:106126. [PMID: 39556904 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aimed to determine whether the presence of H. pylori in dental plaque is associated with gastric H. pylori infection. DESIGN Search for the relevant literature was done in various databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane till September 21, 2023. The studies were screened for outcome of interest i.e. gastric H. pylori infection and exposure of interest i.e. H. pylori positivity in dental plaque. The pooled results of the study outcomes were evaluated using Odds Ratio (OR), accompanied by a 95 % confidence interval (CI). To evaluate the heterogeneity among studies, I2 statistics were utilized, with an I2 exceeding 50 % indicating a significant to high variation. In cases where I2 was greater than 50 %, a random-effects model (specifically, the Der Simonian and Laird method) was employed. RESULTS Data from 27 observational studies and 2408 participants were included. The pooled OR of the H. pylori positivity in dental plaque among the patients with H. pylori positivity in stomach was 3.80 (95 % CI 2.24; 6.43), with high heterogeneity (I2= 69 %, p<0.01). Sensitivity analysis after removing the outliers reduced the heterogeneity significantly (I2=22 %, p=0.16). Meta-regression revealed that the strength of association did not vary according to the year of study or the sample size included in the studies. Overall certainty of the evidence was low. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis showed that the presence of gastric H. pylori infection was higher among patients with H. pylori in dental plaque compared to patients without H. pylori in dental plaque. Presence of H. pylori infection in dental plaque can have implications in the management of H. pylori infection as dental plaque can serve as a reservoir from which the microorganism can recolonize the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep S Anand
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Kavitha P Kamath
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Aravind P Gandhi
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.
| | | | - Bijaya K Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sakshi Das
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Hyderabad, India
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Scholz KJ, Höhne A, Wittmer A, Häcker G, Hellwig E, Cieplik F, Waidner B, Al-Ahmad A. Co-culture of Helicobacter pylori with oral microorganisms in human saliva. Clin Oral Investig 2025; 29:79. [PMID: 39849235 PMCID: PMC11757641 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-025-06160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/25/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori is known for colonizing the gastric mucosa and instigating severe upper gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. To date, there is no data available on the oral cavity as transmission site, whether H. pylori can survive in the oral cavity or in human saliva. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of oral microorganisms and human saliva on the survival of H. pylori in human saliva. METHODS H. pylori strains KE, a motile derivate of type strain H. pylori 26695, and H. pylori SS1, a clinical isolate from a gastric biopsy, were grown in human pooled saliva (pooled from 4 healthy human donors, 0.22 μm filter-sterilized) or in BBF (Brucella browth formula; control) either as mono-cultures or in co-culture with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Lacticaseibacillus casei and Candida dubliniensis. Bacterial survival of H. pylori and the oral microorganisms were investigated using colony forming units (CFU) assay and MALDI-TOF MS at baseline and after 24, 48 and 168 h. RESULTS In saliva, H. pylori KE demonstrated enhanced survival in co-culture with S. mutans, A. naeslundii, and C. dubliniensis, enduring for at least 48 h. In contrast, L. casei and S. oralis inhibited H. pylori KE in saliva. H. pylori KE could not be cultured after 168 h in saliva, neither in mono- nor co-culture. In contrast, H. pylori SS1 in saliva could be cultured after 168 h in co-culture with S. mutans and C. dubliniensis, but not in mono-culture. In BBF, H. pylori KE could be cultured after 168 h with S. mutans, L. casei and C. dubliniensis, and H. pylori SS1 with L. casei and C. dubliniensis, but not with S. mutans. Notably, the co-cultured microorganisms survived at high CFU numbers similar to those of the monocultures. CONCLUSION The study suggests that H. pylori can transiently survive in human saliva and even with presence of certain oral microorganisms. However, it may not be a permanent resident of the oral microbiota. The co-survival with oral microorganisms emphasizes the necessity for studying the role of the oral microbiota in the infectious and transmission cycle of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Johannes Scholz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Annabelle Höhne
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Waidner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ogaya Y, Kadota T, Hamada M, Nomura R, Nakano K. Characterization of the unique oral microbiome of children harboring Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2339158. [PMID: 38617439 PMCID: PMC11011227 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2339158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired in childhood via the oral cavity, although its relationship with the characteristics of the oral microbiome has not been elucidated. In this study, we performed comprehensive analysis of the oral microbiome in children and adults with or without H. pylori in the oral cavity. Methods Bacterial DNA was extracted from 41 adult and 21 child saliva specimens, and H. pylori was detected using PCR. 16S rRNA gene amplification was performed for next-generation sequencing. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME 2). Results Faith's phylogenetic diversity analysis showed a significant difference between H. pylori-negative adult and child specimens in terms of α-diversity (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed between H. pylori-positive adult and child specimens. There was also a significant difference in β-diversity between H. pylori-positive and negative child specimens (p < 0.05). Taxonomic analysis at the genus level revealed that Porphyromonas was the only bacterium that was significantly more abundant in both H. pylori-positive adults and children than in corresponding negative specimens (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest unique oral microbiome characteristics in children with H. pylori infection in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogaya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamami Kadota
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Yang H, Wang L, Zhang M, Hu B. The Role of Adhesion in Helicobacter pylori Persistent Colonization. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:185. [PMID: 37071212 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has coevolved with its human host for more than 100 000 years. It can safely colonize around the epithelium of gastric glands via their specific microstructures and proteins. Unless patients receive eradication treatment, H. pylori infection is always lifelong. However, few studies have discussed the reasons. This review will focus on the adhesion of H. pylori from the oral cavity to gastric mucosa and summarize the possible binding and translocation characteristics. Adhesion is the first step for persistent colonization after the directional motility, and factors related to adhesion are necessary. Outer membrane proteins, such as the blood group antigen binding adhesin (BabA) and the sialic acid binding adhesin (SabA), play pivotal roles in binding to human mucins and cellular surfaces. And this may offer different perspectives on eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Alley, Wu Hou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Alley, Wu Hou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Alley, Wu Hou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Zhang L, Chen X, Ren B, Zhou X, Cheng L. Helicobacter pylori in the Oral Cavity: Current Evidence and Potential Survival Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113646. [PMID: 36362445 PMCID: PMC9657019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is transmitted primarily through the oral–oral route and fecal–oral route. The oral cavity had therefore been hypothesized as an extragastric reservoir of H. pylori, owing to the presence of H. pylori DNA and particular antigens in distinct niches of the oral cavity. This bacterium in the oral cavity may contribute to the progression of periodontitis and is associated with a variety of oral diseases, gastric eradication failure, and reinfection. However, the conditions in the oral cavity do not appear to be ideal for H. pylori survival, and little is known about its biological function in the oral cavity. It is critical to clarify the survival strategies of H. pylori to better comprehend the role and function of this bacterium in the oral cavity. In this review, we attempt to analyze the evidence indicating the existence of living oral H. pylori, as well as potential survival strategies, including the formation of a favorable microenvironment, the interaction between H. pylori and oral microorganisms, and the transition to a non-growing state. Further research on oral H. pylori is necessary to develop improved therapies for the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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Chen X, Wang N, Wang J, Liao B, Cheng L, Ren B. The interactions between oral-gut axis microbiota and Helicobacter pylori. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914418. [PMID: 35992177 PMCID: PMC9381925 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, each microbial habitat exhibits a different microbial population pattern, and these distinctive microflorae are highly related to the development of diseases. The microbial interactions from host different niches are becoming crucial regulators to shape the microbiota and their physiological or pathological functions. The oral cavity and gut are the most complex and interdependent microbial habitats. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important pathogens from digestive tract, especially the stomach, due to its direct relationships with many gastric diseases including gastric cancer. H. pylori infections can destroy the normal gastric environment and make the stomach a livable channel to enhance the microbial interactions between oral cavity and gut, thus reshaping the oral and gut microbiomes. H. pylori can be also detected in the oral and gut, while the interaction between the oral-gut axis microbiota and H. pylori plays a major role in H. pylori’s colonization, infection, and pathogenicity. Both the infection and eradication of H. pylori and its interaction with oral-gut axis microbiota can alter the balance of the microecology of the oral-gut axis, which can affect the occurrence and progress of related diseases. The shift of oral-gut axis microbiota and their interactions with H. pylori maybe potential targets for H. pylori infectious diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
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Bakhti SZ, Latifi-Navid S. Oral microbiota and Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis: what do we know and where next? BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:71. [PMID: 33663382 PMCID: PMC7934379 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies causing death worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori is a powerful inducer of precancerous lesions and GC. The oral microbiota is a complex ecosystem and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis, modulating the immune system, and resisting pathogens. It has been proposed that the gastric microbiota of oral origin is involved in the development and progression of GC. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between oral microbiota and GC and the role of H. pylori in this relationship is still controversial. This study was set to review the investigations done on oral microbiota and analyze various lines of evidence regarding the role of oral microbiota in GC, to date. Also, we discussed the interaction and relationship between H. pylori and oral microbiota in GC and the current understanding with regard to the underlying mechanisms of oral microbiota in carcinogenesis. More importantly, detecting the patterns of interaction between the oral cavity microbiota and H. pylori may render new clues for the diagnosis or screening of cancer. Integration of oral microbiota and H. pylori might manifest a potential method for the assessment of GC risk. Hence it needs to be specified the patterns of bacterial transmission from the oral cavity to the stomach and their interaction. Further evidence on the mechanisms underlying the oral microbiota communities and how they trigger GC may contribute to the identification of new prevention methods for GC. We may then modulate the oral microbiota by intervening with oral-gastric bacterial transmission or controlling certain bacteria in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran.
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Contribution of Streptococcus mutans to Helicobacter pylori colonisation in oral cavity and gastric tissue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12540. [PMID: 32719470 PMCID: PMC7385622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is presumed to infect gastric tissue via the oral cavity in childhood, whereas risk factors for H. pylori infection in the oral cavity are unknown. In this study, we analysed the effects of Streptococcus mutans, a major cariogenic bacterial species, on H. pylori colonisation in the oral cavity, as well as gastric tissue. Rats in the weaning period were infected with S. mutans in the oral cavity, then fed a caries-inducing diet to facilitate S. mutans colonisation. One month after S. mutans infection, rats were infected with H. pylori in the oral cavity; rats were then euthanised at 1 month after H. pylori infection. H. pylori was detected in the oral cavities of rats infected with both S. mutans and H. pylori, but not in rats infected with H. pylori alone. In addition, H. pylori colonisation in the gastric tissue and typical gastrointestinal damage were observed in rats infected with both S. mutans and H. pylori. When H. pylori was co-cultured with in vitro biofilm formed by S. mutans, a large number of H. pylori bacteria invaded the biofilm formed by S. mutans. Our results suggest that S. mutans is involved in the establishment of H. pylori infection.
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Horiuchi A, Kokubu E, Warita T, Ishihara K. Synergistic biofilm formation by Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Anaerobe 2020; 62:102100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kashyap D, Baral B, Verma TP, Sonkar C, Chatterji D, Jain AK, Jha HC. Oral rinses in growth inhibition and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 32131741 PMCID: PMC7055109 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known for its role in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Eradication of these carcinogenic bacteria from the gut is one of the challenges for clinicians. The complexity of treatment mainly owes to antibiotic resistance and relapse due to an additional reservoir in the oral cavity. Our study emphases the isolation of H. pylori from distinct habitats of the gut microenvironment (gastric biopsy and gastric juice) and its subsequent characterization. We have also evaluated the effect of various oral rinses on isolated H. pylori from different anatomical locations of included subjects. RESULTS The possible strains isolated from two different habitats of the same subject shows a striking difference in their growth pattern. Promisingly, some of the included oral rinses are efficient in growth inhibition as per recommended 30 s treatment. The subsequent evaluation shows that oral rinse B (among A-E) is most effective and down-regulates the expression of one of the potent H. pylori gene, CagA, in the infected gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. CONCLUSION Our study, for the first time, revealed that H. pylori, isolated from the different habitat of the same subject, show a different growth pattern. The expression of H. pylori pathogenic gene (CagA) was down-regulated by the use of oral rinses. Hence, oral rinses will reduce the H. pylori in the oral cavity and help to control its migration from oral to the gastric compartment and may be used as an adjuvant treatment option for its re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kashyap
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Prakash Verma
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Charu Sonkar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Debi Chatterji
- Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, 452014, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Jain
- Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, 452014, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hem C Jha
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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11
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Gupta AA, Kheur S, Raj AT, Mahajan P. Association of Helicobacter pylori with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:13-23. [PMID: 31707627 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess any potential association between Helicobacter pylori and oral squamous cell carcinoma/oral potentially malignant disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data mining was done using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases. The search included articles published up to May 2019. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to score the quality of the included articles. Data including the type of study, the sample population, the type of oral lesion, and the resulting statistical data were extracted. RESULTS Out of 131 screened articles, only 15 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Among the 15 studies, 9 focused on oral squamous cell carcinoma and 6 focused on oral potentially malignant disorders. Eight out of the 9 oral squamous cell carcinoma studies were included in the meta-analysis. Forest plot was generated using the odds ratio and confidence intervals calculated for each of the included studies. Due to the lack of sufficient studies, the meta-analysis was not performed for oral potentially malignant disorders. CONCLUSION Due to the contradictory results of the included studies, it was not possible to make any conclusive statement on the potential association of H. pylori with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The variations in the methodology, especially the differences in the sensitivity/specificity of the diagnostic modalities could be the cause for differential results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the association of H. pylori with oral squamous cell carcinoma could not be confirmed, it is vital to reduce the excess oral microbial load, especially in patients exhibiting oral mucosal changes with no history of associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana A Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411041, India.
| | - Supriya Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411041, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Thalambur, Chennai, 600130, India
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Periodontal Pathogens as Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cancer, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Is There Cause for Consideration? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100424. [PMID: 31600905 PMCID: PMC6843669 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer are the most common noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). These NCDs share risk factors with periodontal disease (PD), a preventable risk factor linked to lifestyle. The discussion regarding the association between these chronic diseases is more complex. There is still a significant knowledge gap particularly of the causal relationship between PD and NCDs. In this paper, we present fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms and roles of putative periodontal bacteria to gather several hypotheses, evidence that clinical studies thus far have not produced. Although the causal hypotheses are not yet clearly established on a biological basis, prevention and prophylactic measures are recommended to prevent even the possibility of such potential risk factors.
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Yee JKC. Are the view of Helicobacter pylori colonized in the oral cavity an illusion? Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e397. [PMID: 29170474 PMCID: PMC5704198 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea breath test (UBT), as a leading preferred non-invasive diagnostic technology, but may not be able to detect oral H. pylori. With negative results of UBT, the patient may have an oral infection. On the basis of the fact of success, eradication rate may increase by 21% in the 95% Cl range after the elimination of oral H. pylori, the author believes oral H. pylori does exist and the oral cavity is the second colonized site aside its primary site of the stomach. H. pylori migrated out of Africa along with its human host circa 60 000 years ago; they are not lives in stomach only. In this review article, evidence established in recent years studies with use more appropriate technology had been listed and discussed. The author considers the oral cavity is a black hole for H. pylori infection that significant effective on gastroenterology and another medical field. The role of the oral cavity as the source of H. pylori infection is so controvert in past years. It seems like a human being having a second-time face to discover H. pylori in the history.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K C Yee
- Research Lab of Oral H pylori, Everett, WA, USA
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14
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Purification and characterization of two bacteriocins from Lactobacillus brevis BK11 and Enterococcus faecalis BK61 showing anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Anand PS, Kamath KP, Anil S. Role of dental plaque, saliva and periodontal disease in Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5639-5653. [PMID: 24914323 PMCID: PMC4024772 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans. Although H. pylori may be detected in the stomach of approximately half of the world's population, the mechanisms of transmission of the microorganism from individual to individual are not yet clear. Transmission of H. pylori could occur through iatrogenic, fecal-oral, and oral-oral routes, and through food and water. The microorganism may be transmitted orally and has been detected in dental plaque and saliva. However, the role of the oral cavity in the transmission and recurrence of H. pylori infection has been the subject of debate. A large number of studies investigating the role of oral hygiene and periodontal disease in H. pylori infection have varied significantly in terms of their methodology and sample population, resulting in a wide variation in the reported results. Nevertheless, recent studies have not only shown that the microorganism can be detected fairly consistently from the oral cavity but also demonstrated that the chances of recurrence of H. pylori infection is more likely among patients who harbor the organism in the oral cavity. Furthermore, initial results from clinical trials have shown that H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients may benefit from periodontal therapy. This paper attempts to review the current body of evidence regarding the role of dental plaque, saliva, and periodontal disease in H. pylori infection.
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Irani S, Monsef Esfahani A, Bidari Zerehpoush F. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Oral Lesions. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2013; 7:230-7. [PMID: 24578822 PMCID: PMC3935555 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2013.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic gram-negative spiral organism. It is recognized as the etiologic factor for peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Recently, it has been isolated from dental plaque and the dorsum of the tongue. This study was designed to assess the association between H. pylori and oral lesions such as ulcerative/inflammatory lesions, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and primary lymphoma.
Materials and methods. A total of 228 biopsies diagnosed as oral ulcerative/inflammatory lesions, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral primary lymphoma were selected from the archives of the Pathology Department. Thirty-two samples that were diagnosed as being without any pathological changes were selected as the control group. All the paraffin blocks were cut for hematoxylin and eosin staining to confirm the diagnoses and then the samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry staining. Data were collected and analyzed.
Results. Chi-squared test showed significant differences between the frequency of H. pylori positivity in normal tissue and the lesions were examined (P=0.000). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the lesions examined (P=0.042). Chi-squared test showed significant differences between H. pylori positivity and different tissue types except inside the muscle layer as follows: in epithelium and in lamina propria (P=0.000), inside the blood vessels (P=0.003), inside the salivary gland duct (P=0.036), and muscle layer (P=0.122).
Conclusion. There might be a relation between the presence of H. pylori and oral lesions. Therefore, early detection and eradication of H. pylori in high-risk patients are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathologisty, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Monsef Esfahani
- Associate Professor, Anatomical Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Bidari Zerehpoush
- Assistant Professor, Anatomical Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, HakimLoghman Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Nártová E, Kraus J, Pavlík E, Lukeš P, Katra R, Plzák J, Kolářová L, Sterzl I, Betka J, Astl J. Presence of different genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic tonsillitis and sleep apnoea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:607-13. [PMID: 23864246 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a well-known gastric pathogen, has been detected in the oral cavity and oropharynx in tonsillar tissue. In our study, the presence of H. pylori in the tonsillar tissue of patients with chronic tonsillitis and sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) was investigated. The aim was to detect and genotype H. pylori for a collection of data supporting the possible role of H. pylori in the aetiology of chronic tonsillitis and SAS. Helicobacter pylori was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). 89 patients, 60 with a diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis and 29 with SAS, were tested. In the chronic tonsillitis group, Helicobacter was detected in 48 (80 %) specimens, cagA gene was detected in 12 samples (25 %) and 12 samples were negative. In SAS group, Helicobacter was found in 24 samples (82.76 %), cagA gene was detected in 5 (20.83 %) and 5 samples (17.24 %) were negative. Helicobacter pylori-specific immunoglobulins were tested by ELISA in the serum of 57 patients only with 41 (71.93 %) showing positive. Our results on H. pylori DNA detection and H. pylori seropositivity show 26.32 % discrepancy, slightly in favour of rt-PCR (15.79 % compared to 10.53 %). The H. pylori presence in tonsillar tissue does not depend on the type of oropharyngeal disease (p = 0.756). This study shows that oropharynx constitutes an extragastric reservoir of H. pylori infection which could serve as an aetiopathogenetic factor for chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hyperplasia by SAS. No conclusion has yet been drawn about the mechanism of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nártová
- Department of Othorinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,
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Lukeš P, Pavlík E, Potuznikova B, Nartova E, Foltynova E, Plzak J, Katra R, Sterzl I, Bartunkova J, Betka J, Astl J. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in oropharyngeal lymphatic tissue with real-time PCR and assessment of its carcinogenic potential. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:399-405. [PMID: 23744180 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is considered a major gastric pathogen with oncogenic potential. The aim of this study was to determine whether HP is present in oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue and whether oropharyngeal HP strains carry virulence factor genes known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. The study included 104 subjects (41 patients with tonsillar carcinoma, 38 with chronic tonsillitis and 25 with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome--OSAS). Detection of specific serum anti-HP antibodies was performed with an ELISA. The presence of HP in tissue was determined by culture and real-time PCR. Detection of virulence factors genes was also performed. Specific antibodies were found in 78.05% of tumour cases, 34.21% of chronic tonsillitis cases, and 72.0% of OSAS cases. The presence of HP in the tissue was detected in 73.91% of tonsillar tumours, 70.0% of tonsillitis cases, and 69.23% of OSAS specimens. The results of the virulence factor gene analysis showed the majority of the s1b (52.4%) and m2 (59.5%) alleles of vacA gene and limited abundance of cagA gene (12.5%). Results confirm that HP may colonise oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue. Oropharyngeal HP colonisation was frequently found in the oropharyngeal cancer group and in patients with benign oropharyngeal diseases. A virulence factor gene analysis showed differences from the predominant strains most commonly found in the stomach. The strains obtained from the oropharynx differed primarily by the lower abundance of the cagA gene and carried the less virulent vacA gene allele combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Lukeš
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic,
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19
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Grimm M, Munz A, Exarchou A, Polligkeit J, Reinert S. Immunohistochemical detection of Helicobacter pylori without association of TLR5 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:35-44. [PMID: 23659788 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 15% of human deaths from cancer are associated with chronic viral or bacterial infections. Helicobacter pylori (HP), a flagellated, Gram-negative, spiral, microaerophilic bacteria is considered to be the most common chronic bacterial infection in humans. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is involved in recognition of bacterial flagella and is thought to promote tumour growth through inflammation-dependent mechanisms in epithelial cells. METHODS Expression of HP and TLR5 was analysed in OSCC specimen (n = 191) by immunohistochemistry. TLR5 expression specificity was conducted by Western blotting in cancer cell lines (BICR3, BICR56). TLR5-stained sections were scanned and digitally analysed using ImageJ and the immunomembrane plug-in. HP expression and TLR5 expression were associated with clinicopathological characteristics and impact on survival. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori detection was significantly associated with recurrence of the tumour, whereas TLR5 expression was not. Multivariate analysis demonstrated HP expression as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0260). TLR5 specificity was confirmed by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, this study provides evidence that immunohistochemically detected HP expression in OSCC is associated with reduced disease-free survival in a large patient cohort. Although TLR5 was not associated with any clinicopathological characteristics or impact on survival, investigation of the TLR family seems to be reasonable due to the possible existence of other pathogenic bacterial or viral compounds in oral cavity cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Agarwal S, Jithendra KD. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients with and without dyspepsia, detected by polymerase chain reaction and culture. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 16:398-403. [PMID: 23162336 PMCID: PMC3498711 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal pathogen that is strongly associated with gastritis as well as peptic ulcer disease. Antimicrobial therapy frequently fails to cure H. pylori infection, which suggests there may be sanctuary sites where the organism resides. This study was aimed to assess the role of oral cavity as a reservoir of H. pylori by evaluating the occurrence of the organism in subgingival plaque of dyspeptic patients by polymerase chain reaction as well as culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty chronic periodontitis patients whose biopsy specimens were found to be H. pylori positive with rapid urease test and histopathologic examination were considered as cases and 20 chronic periodontitis patients who never had any symptoms of gastritis or peptic ulcer were taken as controls. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and sent to microbiological laboratory for detection of H. pylori by 16S rRNA based polymerase chain reaction as well as culture. RESULTS 60% of the samples were found to be positive with polymerase chain reaction in the case group when compared to 15% in the controls. Also, 30% of the cases were found to be positive with culture compared to none in controls. CONCLUSION A higher frequency of detection of H. pylori in those patients with positive antral biopsy report was seen. Also, polymerase chain reaction was found to be more sensitive than culture for detection. Thus, we conclude that detection of H. pylori in dental plaque of dyspeptic patients cannot be neglected and might represent a risk factor for recolonization of stomach after systemic eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Agarwal
- Department of Periodontology, People's Dental Academy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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The Role of Helicobacter pylori in Upper Respiratory System Infections: Is it More Than Colonization? Curr Infect Dis Rep 2012; 14:128-36. [PMID: 22311663 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-012-0237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is recognized as a common chronic human bacterial infection and is the most common cause of gastritis. Recent studies suggest an increased HP prevalence in patients with various extra-digestive inflammatory diseases. Since many respiratory diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation as well as increased immune response, and HP may enter the nasopharyngeal cavity by gastroesophageal reflux, an association between respiratory disorders and HP infection has been suggested. Several studies discover HP in clinical samples from the patients with upper respiratory system infections. Even some of them revealed a relief after the treatment directed to HP eradication. However some studies do not support this theory and whether this association means a definite proof of a causal relationship between HP and respiratory diseases needs to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to review the reports about the role of HP in upper respiratory system infections.
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22
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Wichelhaus A, Brauchli L, Song Q, Adler G, Bode G. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the adolescent oral cavity: dependence on orthodontic therapy, oral flora and hygiene. J Orofac Orthop 2012; 72:187-95. [PMID: 21744197 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-011-0024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection usually occurs in childhood. While there are various studies on the prevalence of HP in dental plaque, ours is the first to analyze its prevalence during orthodontic therapy and its interaction with competitive bacteria in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The prevalence of HP was examined before and during the first 12 weeks of orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances in 11 patients with a mean age of 12.7 years. A total of 93 plaque samples were analyzed using PCR. The data acquired at every consultation were the following: PCR analysis of dental plaque and (13)C urea breath tests for HP, quantitative analyses of saliva for Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans, the interproximal plaque index (API), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI). RESULTS The prevalence of HP in plaque was 82% before orthodontic therapy, dropping to 54% during therapy (t test, p≤0.05). In contrast to HP's prevalence, the Lactobacilli count rose (p≤0.05). The number of Streptococcus mutans bacteria in saliva decreased during orthodontic therapy (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of HP in dental plaque amounted to 82%. Orthodontic treatment did not reduce its prevalence. The prevalence of Lactobacilli was inversely proportional to that of HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital Center Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
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Vítor JMB, Vale FF. Alternative therapies for Helicobacter pylori: probiotics and phytomedicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 63:153-64. [PMID: 22077218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen infecting about 30% of children and 60% of adults worldwide and is responsible for diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Treatment against H. pylori is based on the use of antibiotics, but therapy failure can be higher than 20% and is essentially due to an increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which has led to the search for alternative therapies. In this review, we discuss alternative therapies for H. pylori, mainly phytotherapy and probiotics. Probiotics are live organisms or produced substances that are orally administrated, usually in addition to conventional antibiotic therapy. They may modulate the human microbiota and promote health, prevent antibiotic side effects, stimulate the immune response and directly compete with pathogenic bacteria. Phytomedicine consists of the use of plant extracts as medicines or health-promoting agents, but in most cases the molecular mode of action of the active ingredients of these herbal extracts is unknown. Possible mechanisms include inhibition of H. pylori urease enzyme, disruption of bacterial cell membrane, and modulation of the host immune system. Other alternative therapies are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M B Vítor
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Craven M, Recordati C, Gualdi V, Pengo G, Luini M, Scanziani E, Simpson KW. Evaluation of the Helicobacteraceae in the oral cavity of dogs. Am J Vet Res 2012; 72:1476-81. [PMID: 22023125 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.11.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the Helicobacter spp present in the oral cavity of dogs and the relationship of those organisms with gastric Helicobacter spp to better define the potential for dog-human and dog-dog transmission. SAMPLE Saliva and dental plaque from 28 dogs and gastric biopsy specimens from a subset of 8 dogs. PROCEDURES PCR-based screening for Helicobacter spp was conducted on samples obtained from the oral cavity of 28 dogs. Comparative analysis was conducted on Helicobacteraceae 16S rDNA clone libraries from the oral cavity and stomach of a subset of 8 dogs (5 vomiting and 3 healthy) that had positive PCR results for Helicobacter spp. RESULTS Helicobacteraceae DNA was identified in the oral cavity of 24 of 28 dogs. Analysis of cloned 16S rDNA amplicons from 8 dogs revealed that Wolinella spp was the most common (8/8 dogs) and abundant (52/57 [91%] clones) member of the Helicobacteraceae family in the oral cavity. Only 2 of 8 dogs harbored Helicobacter spp in the oral cavity, and 1 of those was coinfected with Helicobacter heilmannii and Helicobacter felis in samples obtained from the stomach and saliva. Evaluation of oral cavity DNA with Wolinella-specific PCR primers yielded positive results for 16 of 20 other dogs (24/28 samples were positive for Wolinella spp). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Wolinella spp rather than Helicobacter spp were the predominant Helicobacteraceae in the oral cavity of dogs. The oral cavity of dogs was apparently not a zoonotically important reservoir of Helicobacter spp that were non-Helicobacter pylori organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Craven
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Yonezawa H, Osaki T, Hanawa T, Kurata S, Zaman C, Woo TDH, Takahashi M, Matsubara S, Kawakami H, Ochiai K, Kamiya S. Destructive effects of butyrate on the cell envelope of Helicobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol 2011; 61:582-589. [PMID: 22194341 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.039040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori can be found in the oral cavity and is mostly detected by the use of PCR techniques. Growth of H. pylori is influenced by various factors in the mouth, such as the oral microflora, saliva and other antimicrobial substances, all of which make colonization of the oral cavity by H. pylori difficult. In the present study, we analysed the effect of the cell supernatant of a representative periodontal bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis on H. pylori and found that the cell supernatant destroyed the H. pylori cell envelope. As P. gingivalis produces butyric acid, we focused our research on the effects of butyrate and found that it significantly inhibited the growth of H. pylori. H. pylori cytoplasmic proteins and DNA were detected in the extracellular environment after treatment with butyrate, suggesting that the integrity of the cell envelope was compromised and indicating that butyrate has a bactericidal effect on H. pylori. In addition, levels of extracellular H. pylori DNA increased following treatment with the cell supernatant of butyric acid-producing bacteria, indicating that the cell supernatant also has a bactericidal effect and that this may be due to its butyric acid content. In conclusion, butyric acid-producing bacteria may play a role in affecting H. pylori colonization of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Yonezawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hanawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Cynthia Zaman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Timothy Derk Hoong Woo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sachie Matsubara
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawakami
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Ochiai
- Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Toros SZ, Toros AB, Kaya KS, Deveci I, Özel L, Naiboğlu B, Habeşoğlu T, Egeli E. A study to detect Helicobacter pylori in adenotonsillar tissue. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2011; 90:E32. [PMID: 21500158 DOI: 10.1177/014556131109000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study to investigate the possibility of Helicobacter pylori colonization on tonsillar and adenoid tissues. Our study group was made up of 84 consecutively presenting children aged 4 to 12 years who had undergone adenotonsillectomy or adenoidectomy with or without ventilation tube insertion. The excised specimens were analyzed by rapid urease testing and histopathologic examination to detect H pylori. Histologic sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and Giemsa staining as performed in routine gastric biopsies. We found no H pylori colonization in any specimen. Therefore, we consider the possibility of H pylori colonization of adenotonsillar tissue unlikely, even though the authors of some recent studies have reported such a finding. Other means of detecting possible H pylori colonization in the upper aerodigestive tract rely on invasive biopsy procedures, which are difficult to use in clinical practice. Therefore, on the basis of our findings and our review of the literature, we conclude that looking for H pylori in the upper aerodigestive tract is not only clinically useless, but damaging, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Zer Toros
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Education and Research Hospital, M. Saadettin Sokak, Saadet Apartmani, No:3 D:4, Ortaköy/Beşiktaş Istanbul, PK: 34347, Turkey.
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27
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Okuda T, Kokubu E, Kawana T, Saito A, Okuda K, Ishihara K. Synergy in biofilm formation between Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella species. Anaerobe 2011; 18:110-6. [PMID: 21945879 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of biofilm by anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria in the subgingival crevice plays an important role in the development of chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of coaggregation between Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella species in biofilm formation. Coaggregation between F. nucleatum and Prevotella species was determined by visual assay. Effect of co-culture of the species on biofilm formation was assessed by crystal violet staining. Effect of soluble factor on biofilm formation was also examined using culture supernatant and two-compartment co-culture separated by a porous membrane. Production of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) by the organisms was evaluated using Vibrio harveyi BB170. Cells of all F. nucleatum strains coaggregated with Prevotella intermedia or Prevotella nigrescens with a score of 1-4. Addition of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid or l-lysine inhibited coaggregation. Coaggregation disappeared after heating of P. intermedia or P. nigrescens cells, or Proteinase K treatment of P. nigrescens cells. Co-culture of F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 with P. intermedia or P. nigrescens strains increased biofilm formation compared with single culture (p < 0.01); co-culture with culture supernatant of these strains, however, did not enhance biofilm formation by F. nucleatum. Production of AI-2 in Prevotella species was not related to enhancement of biofilm formation by F. nucleatum. These findings indicate that physical contact by coaggregation of F. nucleatum strains with P. intermedia or P. nigrescens plays a key role in the formation of biofilm by these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Okuda
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Chiba 261-8502, Japan
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28
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Silva DG, Stevens RH, Macedo JMB, Albano RM, Falabella MEV, Fischer RG, Veerman EC, Tinoco EMB. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in supragingival dental plaque of individuals with periodontal disease and upper gastric diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:896-901. [PMID: 20863482 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative microorganism which is able to colonize the gastric mucosa and is associated with peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Several studies have detected this bacterium in the oral cavity, suggesting it as a potential reservoir. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity of individuals with periodontal disease and gastric diseases. METHODS 115 individuals, with mean age 49.6 (±5.8) years, were divided in 4 groups: (A) with gastric diseases and periodontal disease; (B) with gastric diseases and no periodontal disease; (C) without gastric diseases and without periodontal disease, (D) without gastric diseases and with periodontal disease. Supra and subgingival plaque samples were collected from posterior teeth of the individuals with sterile paper points, and prepared for Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis. Fisher's exact test was used for detecting statistical differences between groups (p<0.05). RESULTS H. pylori was detected in supragingival plaque of 9/36 (25%) of group A, 1/31 (0.3%) of group B, 0 (0%) of group C and 3/36 (8.3%) of group D. No subgingival samples were positive for H. pylori. There was a statistically higher prevalence of H. pylori in groups A and D when compared to B and C (p<0.05). CONCLUSION H. pylori was detected in the supragingival plaque, but not in the subgingival plaque, of individuals with periodontal disease and upper gastric diseases. There was an association between the supragingival colonization of H. pylori and oral hygiene parameters such as the presence of plaque and gingival bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise G Silva
- Escola de Odontologia, UNIGRANRIO, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.
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Coccoid Helicobacter pylori exists in the palatine tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy. J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:406-12. [PMID: 19997853 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-009-0169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired by oral ingestion. H. pylori has been reported to be present in the palatine tonsils. To clarify the route and mode of infection, the prevalence of tonsillar H. pylori was evaluated, and an attempt was made to culture tonsillar H. pylori. METHODS In a prospective study, 55 patients with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis or IgA nephropathy underwent a tonsillectomy. The carbon 13-urea breath test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of H. pylori IgG antibodies in the serum were performed. Tonsillar H. pylori was cultured under conventional culture conditions for gastric H. pylori with or without the following shock methods; heat shock, hydrogen-peroxide-degrading compounds, or parasitizing amoebae. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using antibodies against H. pylori and cytotoxin-associated antigen A were used to identify tonsillar H. pylori. RESULTS H. pylori in the coccoid form was present in tonsillar crypts. Of 55 patients, 43 (78.2%) had tonsillar H. pylori, and 15 (27.3%) were infected with gastric H. pylori. All patients with gastric H. pylori also had tonsillar H. pylori (p < 0.01). Cytotoxin-associated antigen A was observed in 38 (88.4%) of 43 tonsillar H. pylori. Tonsillar H. pylori could not be cultured in any culture conditions. All patients with IgA nephropathy had tonsillar H. pylori (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present research might provide some insight into clarifying the route and mode of H. pylori infection. Our findings may indicate that tonsillar H. pylori is one of the antigens causative of IgAN.
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Fernando N, Jayakumar G, Perera N, Amarasingha I, Meedin F, Holton J. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in betel chewers and non betel chewers with and without oral cancers. BMC Oral Health 2009; 9:23. [PMID: 19772630 PMCID: PMC2755467 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betel chewing has been shown to predispose to periodontal disease and oral cancer. Studies show that people with gum disease are more likely to test positive for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). It is not known if the lesions produced by betel quid and the resulting, chemical changes predispose to colonization by H. pylori. Further the role of this organism in oral cancer is not known. Our objective was to determine the presence of H. pylori in oral lesions of thirty oral cancer patients and to determine the presence of IgG antibodies to H. pylori in oral cancer patients who are betel chewers and non betel chewers, healthy betel chewers and healthy non-betel chewers and to compare the presence of H. pylori in these four groups. This case control study was conducted at the Cancer Institute Maharagama and the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. METHODS One hundred and seventy three subjects, of whom fifty three were patients presenting with oral cancer to the Cancer Institute Maharagama, sixty healthy betel chewers and sixty healthy non-betel chewers from the Religious and Welfare Service Centre Maharagama were tested for H. pylori by serology. Thirty oral biopsies from oral cancer patients were cultured under microaerophilic condition to isolate H. pylori. The statistic used was Chi-square test. RESULTS Of the fifty-three oral cancer patients, forty-four were betel chewers. Among the 53 oral cancer patients examined, ten of forty-four (10/44 = 22.7%) patients who are betel chewers and four of nine (4/9 = 44.4%) patients who are non-betel chewers were detected positive for IgG antibody against H. pylori. In the healthy group (betel chewers and non betel chewers) ten (16.7%) of the healthy betel chewers tested positive for H. pylori by serology. None of the healthy non-betel chewers tested positive for H. pyloriFourteen [26.4%] of oral cancer patients tested positive for H. pylori by serology, of which two were also culture positive (Only thirty samples were cultured). The presence of H. pylori in betel chewers (with or without cancer) compared to non-betel chewers was statistically significant. (Chi-square test p < 0.05) The use of tobacco and areca nut in betel chewers was significant with the presence of H. pylori (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION There is a significant higher proportion of H. pylori in betel chewers compared to non-betel chewers but not between oral cancer patients compared to patients without oral cancer. Hence Betel chewing may predispose to colonisation with H. pylori in the digestive tract through swallowing the quid or during betel chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neluka Fernando
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Gnanapragasam Jayakumar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Fahra Meedin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - John Holton
- Centre for Infectious Disease and International Health, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, Royal Free & University College London Medical School, UK
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Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Naito T, Iwamoto T, Masuo Y, Yamada K, Hisama K, Okada I, Hirofuji T. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the saliva of patients complaining of halitosis. J Med Microbiol 2009; 57:1553-1559. [PMID: 19018029 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.2008/003715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection, which causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, is considered a possible cause of halitosis. Recently, the oral cavity was identified as a possible H. pylori reservoir, particularly in the presence of periodontal disease, which is a cause of halitosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate by PCR the prevalence of oral H. pylori in the saliva of subjects complaining of halitosis. Samples were obtained from 326 non-dyspeptic subjects, comprising 251 subjects with actual malodour and 75 subjects without halitosis. DNA was extracted from the samples, and the presence of H. pylori and periodontopathic bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia was examined by PCR. H. pylori was detected in 21 (6.4 %) of 326 samples. The methyl mercaptan concentration and periodontal parameters including tooth mobility, periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and occult blood in the saliva were significantly greater in the H. pylori-positive subjects. Each of the periodontopathic bacteria was also detected at a significantly higher frequency in the H. pylori-positive subjects. Among those patients with a PPD of > or =5 mm and a tongue coating score of < or =2, no difference was observed in oral malodour levels between the H. pylori-positive and -negative subjects. However, the presence of occult blood in the saliva and the prevalence of Prevotella intermedia were significantly greater in the H. pylori-positive subjects. H. pylori was detected in 16 (15.7 %) of 102 subjects with periodontitis, suggesting that progression of periodontal pocket and inflammation may favour colonization by this species and that H. pylori infection may be indirectly associated with oral pathological halitosis following periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Suzuki
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoneda
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Toru Naito
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Iwamoto
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Yousuke Masuo
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hisama
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Ichizo Okada
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Takao Hirofuji
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
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Vayisoglu Y, Ozcan C, Polat A, Delialioglu N, Gorur K. Does Helicobacter pylori play a role in the development of chronic adenotonsillitis? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 72:1497-1501. [PMID: 18691771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the possible relationship between chronic adenotonsillitis and Helicobacter pylori (HP). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was performed prospectively on 91 pediatric patients who underwent tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy due to chronic tonsillitis and/or adenoiditis. The adenotonsillectomy specimens were examined for HP colonization by rapid urease test (RUT) and immunohistochemical evaluation. Before surgery, anti-HP IgG and IgA antibody titers were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in venous blood samples of the patients. RESULTS The RUT was positive in only two of the adenoidectomy specimens (2.2%) and in none of the tonsillectomy specimens. A positive result was not detected in any tonsillectomy specimens using immunohistochemical examination. Serum IgG antibody was positive in 21 (23%) patients, IgA antibody was detected in 7 (7.69%) patients and both tests were positive only in 3 (3.29%) patients. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that HP would not colonize in tonsil tissue of patients with chronic tonsillitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Vayisoglu
- Mersin University, School of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin, Turkey.
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Salmanian AH, Siavoshi F, Akbari F, Afshari A, Malekzadeh R. Yeast of the oral cavity is the reservoir of Heliobacter pylori. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:324-8. [PMID: 18266659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent occurrence of Helicobacter pylori in the human gastrointestinal tract and its persistence due to unsuccessful antimicrobial therapy might be related to a stage in the life cycle of H. pylori in which the bacterium establishes itself as an intracellular symbiont in yeast. In this study, occurrence of non-culturable H. pylori in the oral yeast was assessed by targeting vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA s1s2) and ureAB genes in the total DNAs of yeasts. METHODS DNAs were extracted from 13 oral yeasts in which bacterium-like bodies, suspected to be H. pylori, were observed microscopically. Primers were recruited to amplify vacA s1s2 and ureAB genes. DNAs from H. pylori and E. coli were used as controls. The amplicons from one yeast and H. pylori were sequenced. Yeasts were identified as Candida albicans. RESULTS Fragments of vacA s1s2 and ureAB genes were amplified from 13 yeasts. The size of PCR products was 286 bp for vacA s1s2 gene and 406 bp for ureAB gene. Similar bands were obtained from the control H. pylori, and the results for E. coli were negative. The data from sequencing of PCR products showed about 98% homology between the genes amplified from yeast and those from H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed the intracellular occurrence of H. pylori in yeast. This endosymbiotic relationship might explain the persistence of H. pylori in the oral cavity, the consequence of which could be reinoculation of the stomach by the bacterium and spread of infection among human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Hatef Salmanian
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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Kusano K, Tokunaga O, Ando T, Inokuchi A. Helicobacter pylori in the palatine tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy compared with those of patients with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis. Hum Pathol 2007; 38:1788-97. [PMID: 17714758 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired by oral ingestion. However, the morphology and microscopic localization of H pylori in the human oral cavity and pharynx are unknown. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction to identify H pylori in the palatine tonsils of 32 patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and 141 patients with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis (RPT). H pylori in coccoid form was present in bacterial colonies and horny layers of the stratified squamous epithelium in tonsillar crypts. We described for the first time the morphology of H pylori in palatine tonsils. Most bacterial colonies were sulfur granules with Actinomyces israelii (A israelii), and A israelii showed significant coexistence with H pylori (P=.011). The prevalence of H pylori in palatine tonsils of the RPT group increased steeply with age, but one fourth of the patients were found not to have tonsillar H pylori in adulthood. All patients with IgAN had H pylori in palatine tonsils. The prevalence of H pylori was greater in the IgAN group than in the RPT group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<.001). In contrast, A israelii was unrelated to age and clinical diagnosis (P=.722). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that H pylori in coccoid form is present in palatine tonsils and may indicate that H pylori in palatine tonsils is among the antigens causative of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kusano
- Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
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Bitar MA, Soweid A, Mahfouz R, Zaatari G, Fuleihan N. Is Helicobacter pylori really present in the adenoids of children? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 262:987-92. [PMID: 15924276 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-005-0926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid hyperplasia is a common cause of nasal obstruction in the pediatric age group. Recently, the adenoids were shown to harbor Helicobacter pylori (HP) based only on the rapid urease test (RUT). We conducted this pilot study to identify the presence of HP in the adenoids histologically and assess the reliability of both the RUT and histology in detecting HP in an extragastric location, using nested (two-steps) polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Consecutive patients undergoing adenoidectomy for obstructive adenoid hyperplasia were enrolled. Adenoid specimens were subjected to the RUT. Histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Giemsa and Warthin-Starry were examined. We then used nPCR to detect the presence of HP in the studied specimens. Twenty-five patients (3-10 years; mean of 5.5 years) were enrolled. Twenty-one (84%) adenoids were positive by the RUT. Seventeen (68%) had bacteria on histological sections; four (16%) contained HP-like organisms. However, all specimens were negative by nPCR. No patient had a history of symptoms suggestive of laryngopharyngeal reflux within 6 months of the study. In conclusion, the children enrolled in this study did not have HP in their adenoids. High false positive results can occur with the RUT when used on adenoid tissues. It is not possible to rely solely on morphology to detect HP in an extragastric location. The nPCR remains the best way to identify HP accurately, but does not imply its presence in an active role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Bitar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Olivier BJ, Bond RP, van Zyl WB, Delport M, Slavik T, Ziady C, Terhaar Sive Droste JS, Lastovica A, van der Merwe SW. Absence of Helicobacter pylori within the oral cavities of members of a healthy South African community. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:635-6. [PMID: 16455932 PMCID: PMC1392704 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.2.635-636.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the oral cavity as a reservoir from where Helicobacter pylori may be transmitted. Histology and PCR amplification were performed. Eighty-four percent of the stomach biopsies tested positive; however, H. pylori was not detected in dental samples, indicating the absence of H. pylori within the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Olivier
- Department of Internal. Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 1649, Faerie Glen, Pretoria, South Africa
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Bitar M, Mahfouz R, Soweid A, Racoubian E, Ghasham M, Zaatari G, Fuleihan N. Does Helicobacter pylori colonize the nasopharynx of children and contribute to their middle ear disease? Acta Otolaryngol 2006; 126:154-9. [PMID: 16428192 DOI: 10.1080/00016480500312679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing interest in studying the presence of HP in the upper aerodigestive tract. It was shown in several pilot studies that it colonizes the area, while other authors found no evidence of its presence there and a third group of authors believed that it had only a transient presence there. In this study we investigated a possible role for HP in middle ear disease in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing myringotomy and adenoidectomy for chronic otitis media with effusion or recurrent otitis media were enrolled. Middle ear fluids were cultured on three types of agar plate (Brucella + laked horse blood; Brucella + sheep blood; and chocolate). A double polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was run to detect urease-C and adhesion subunit genes. Rapid urease enzyme testing and PCR were used on the adenoid specimens. Parents were interviewed regarding symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux in their children. RESULTS Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 4.4 years; age range 3-8 years) with an equal gender distribution. All 28 middle ear fluid cultures were negative in all 3 media. Twenty-one of the 28 samples contained DNA, yet PCR revealed that none of them belonged to HP. Ten of the 13 adenoid specimens obtained were positive on rapid urease testing, but none on PCR. Seven of the 18 patients had at least 1 symptom suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux during the 6 months preceding the study but this did not have an impact on any of the results. CONCLUSION There was no evidence from this study that Helicobacter pylori (HP) colonizes the nasopharynx of children with middle ear disease, whether dyspeptic or not. There is also no apparent role for this bacterium in middle ear pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bitar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Takanashi K, Kishi M, Okuda K, Ishihara K. COLONIZATION BY PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS AND PREVOTELLA INTERMEDIA FROM TEETH TO OSSEOINTEGRATED IMPLANT REGIONS. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2004; 45:77-85. [PMID: 15536858 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.45.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Colonization by periodontopathic bacteria is a risk factor for peri-implantitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the colonization by black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria that occurs between the time before fixture installation and 6 months after inserting superstructures in implant treatment in partial edentulous cases. Dental plaque was serially collected from around the natural teeth and implants in 12 patients in whom a dental implant was indicated, and Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One month after connecting the abutment, the detection rate of P. gingivalis per site from around the implants was 63.7% and that of P. intermedia was 50.8%. Six months after superstructure setting, the detection rate per site of P. gingivalis from around the implants was 56.8% and that of P. intermedia was 41.1%. When chromosomal DNA segmentation patterns in the isolated P. gingivalis and P. intermedia were compared using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the patterns in the natural teeth were in accordance with those in the implants in 3 of 4 cases (75.0%) in P. gingivalis and all cases in P. intermedia. This finding suggested that bacterial colonization around implants occurred early after the implant region was exposed to the intraoral cavity and that the bacteria were transmitted from the area around the natural teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotoshi Takanashi
- Department of Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan.
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Dowsett SA, Kowolik MJ. Oral Helicobacter pylori: can we stomach it? CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 2003; 14:226-33. [PMID: 12799325 DOI: 10.1177/154411130301400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common in man. The bacterium primarily resides in the human stomach, where it plays a significant role in gastric disease. If the spread of H. pylori is to be prevented, an understanding of the transmission process is essential. The oral cavity has been proposed as a reservoir for gastric H. pylori, which has been detected by culture and PCR in both dental plaque and saliva. This review will discuss the evidence for the role of the oral cavity in the transmission of gastric H. pylori. Moreover, the difficulties encountered in addressing this topic, possible directions for future research, and the implications for the dental profession are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Dowsett
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Eguchi J, Ishihara K, Watanabe A, Fukumoto Y, Okuda K. PCR method is essential for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in oral cavity samples. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 18:156-9. [PMID: 12753466 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2003.00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a re-emerging infectious disease, and infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been increasing in immunocompromised hosts, including elderly persons. M. tuberculosis-infected persons may receive dental treatment. To evaluate the risk of M. tuberculosis infection in dental clinics, we examined the detection rates of M. tuberculosis in sample of mixed saliva, dental plaque, extracted teeth, caries lesions, and denture plaque by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The detection rates by PCR in samples from mixed saliva, dental plaque, caries lesions and denture plaque obtained from tuberculosis patients were 98.0%, 92.0%, 89.0%, and 100%, respectively. The detection rates by the culture method were 17.3%, 2.0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. M. tuberculosis also was detected from the nontuberculous mycobacteria-infected group. Strains of Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum inhibited the growth of clinical strains of M. tuberculosis, but strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans did not. The present study concludes that the PCR method is essential for detecting M. tuberculosis in oral samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
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Morency H, Mota-Meira M, LaPointe G, Lacroix C, Lavoie MC. Comparison of the activity spectra against pathogens of bacterial strains producing a mutacin or a lantibiotic. Can J Microbiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/w01-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increase of drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is currently a major threat in hospital settings. New and more efficient antibiotic compounds have to be developed to fight infectious diseases. In the present work, a deferred antagonism test was used to determine the activity of different bacterial strains producing either a mutacin or a lantibiotic against bacterial pathogens. The mutacins A, B, C, D, I, K, L, M, and nisins A and Z were active against all enterococci tested. Mutacins A and B, and nisins A and Z inhibited all the staphylococci tested. Except for the strains producing mutacins P, Q, and X, all the other producing strains inhibited the streptococci tested. Mutacins A, B, I, J, T, nisins A and Z, and epidermin inhibited the two antibiotic-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae tested. Mutacins A, B, C, D, and nisins A and Z inhibited Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. Thus, the wide activity spectra of nisin A and Z are confirmed. These results also indicate that many of the mutacins, especially those of groups A, B, C, D, I, J, K, L, M, and T, could be candidates for further development as useful antibiotics.Key words: mutacin, lantibiotic, bacteriocin, antibiotic.
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Ishihara K, Miura T, Ebihara Y, Hirayama T, Kamiya S, Okuda K. Shared antigenicity between Helicobacter pylori and periodontopathic Campylobacter rectus strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 197:23-7. [PMID: 11287141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontopathic Campylobacter rectus strains possess 41- and 68-kDa proteinaceous antigens which share antigenicity with antigens of Helicobacter pylori strains. H. pylori strains have a 54-kDa antigen which reacts with C. rectus strains. We found that the salivary IgA levels against H. pylori were correlated with those against C. rectus. These cross-reactive antigens of C. rectus may affect the serological diagnosis of H. pylori infections, especially when saliva is used. It is possible that these cross-reacting antigens may relate to the induction of immunopathological responses against both microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Oral Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
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Okuda K, Ishihara K, Miura T, Katakura A, Noma H, Ebihara Y. Helicobacter pylori may have only a transient presence in the oral cavity and on the surface of oral cancer. Microbiol Immunol 2001; 44:385-8. [PMID: 10888357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We used the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and culture methods to study the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric and oral samples from a total of 116 gastritis and peptic ulcer patients, including 58 with oral cancer. Detection rates of H. pylori were 46.6% in stomach samples and 12.1% in oral swab samples. All of the oral cancer surface swab samples were positive for H. pylori, as were their gastric samples suggesting that oral H. pylori derived from the stomach. The culture supernatants of Streptococcus mutans and Prevotella intermedia inhibited the growth of the H. pylori strain and caused the formation of the coccal form. In cases where H. pylori was detected in the oral cavity samples, including the oral cancer surface samples, it was believed that this species had colonized the stomach and were present in the oral cavity only as a transient organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okuda
- Department of Microbiology, Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
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Brenner H, Bode G, Adler G, Rothenbacher D. Does maternal smoking hinder mother-child transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection? Epidemiology 2000; 11:71-5. [PMID: 10615847 DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200001000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for early childhood as the critical period of Helicobacter pylori infection and for clustering of the infection within families suggests a major role of intrafamilial transmission. In a previous study, we found a strong inverse relation between maternal smoking and H. pylori infection among preschool children, suggesting the possibility that mother-child transmission of the infection may be less efficient if the mother smokes. To evaluate this hypothesis further, we carried out a subsequent population-based study in which H. pylori infection was measured by 13C-urea breath test in 947 preschool children and their mothers. We obtained detailed information on potential risk factors for infection, including maternal smoking, by standardized questionnaires. Overall, 9.8% (93 of 947) of the children and 34.7% (329 of 947) of the mothers were infected. Prevalence of infection was much lower among children of uninfected mothers (1.9%) than among children of infected mothers (24.7%). There was a strong inverse relation of children's infection with maternal smoking (adjusted odds ratio = 0.24; 95% confidence interval = 0.12-0.49) among children of infected mothers, but not among children of uninfected mothers. These results support the hypothesis of a predominant role for mother-child transmission of H. pylori infection, which may be less efficient if the mother smokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Brenner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Ulm, Germany
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