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Abadi T, Teklu T, Wondmagegn T, Alem M, Desalegn G. Helicobacter pylori infection and associated risk factors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in Northern Ethiopia. J Infect Chemother 2025; 31:102517. [PMID: 39260772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H. pylori infection is a common bacterial infection worldwide, but its prevalence varies widely between different regions and populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and associated risk factors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in northern Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2020 in four randomly selected health facilities located in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. A total of 463 study participants were enrolled, of whom 288 were HIV-positive and 175 were HIV-negative individuals. H. pylori stool antigen tests were performed to detect H. pylori infection. Additionally, CD4+ T cell counts were measured from only a certain number of participants. RESULTS The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection among enrolled study participants was 39.7 %. Notably, the H. pylori infection rate was significantly higher in HIV-positive patients (43.4 %) compared to HIV-negative individuals (33.7 %); χ2 = 4.27, p = 0.039. Higher H. pylori prevalence was observed in participants with higher CD4+ T cell counts in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Khat chewing habit, education, and monthly income levels were significantly associated with H. pylori infection in HIV-negative individuals, while the association between Body mass index (BMI) and H. pylori infection was observed in HIV-positive patients, but not HIV-negative individuals. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative individuals, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive diagnostics, patient care, and management of H. pylori infection in HIV-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfay Abadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, P.O. Box 50, Ethiopia; Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia.
| | - Takele Teklu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia; School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadelo Wondmagegn
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia.
| | - Meseret Alem
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia.
| | - Girmay Desalegn
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, P.O.Box: 1871, Ethiopia.
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Kebede T, Ashenafi H. The Burden and Risk Factors of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Government Employees Who Clinically Complain of Indigestion but Allergic Diseases in Southeastern Ethiopia: A Multi-Institution Cross-Sectional Study. Res Rep Trop Med 2024; 15:25-49. [PMID: 38406662 PMCID: PMC10885702 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s447203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is believed to have spread from East Africa, but its burden is still unknown in less privileged regions of Ethiopia. Indigestion is an upset stomach, upper abdomen discomfort, heartburn, and bloating. This study evaluated the burden and risk factors for H. pylori infection among government employees who clinically complained of indigestion but allergic diseases in five public health institutions in Southeastern Ethiopia. Methods A health facilities-based cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Southeastern Ethiopia from March to November 2022, employing cluster sampling. Blood specimens, clinical data, and semi-structured questionnaires about risk factors were collected. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression in STATA software, Windows version 16.1. Results The overall prevalence of infection was found to be 77.6%. The sampled health institution (ρ-value < 0.05), engagement in sideline business (ρ-value < 0.05), sharing local spoon on meal [AOR = 39.30; CI:19.52 -78.31; ρ-value < 0.001], admitting "Gursha" during meal [AOR = 71.48; CI:3.99 -1279.77; ρ-value < 0.05], the toilet type [AOR = 1410.98; CI:121.16 -16,431.19; ρ-value < 0.001], alcohol drinking [AOR = 15.15; CI:1.90 -120.62; ρ-value < 0.05], sleeping hours length [AOR = 15.01; CI:13.48-55.96; ρ-value < 0.001], chewing Khat [AOR = 76.73; CI:8.57-687.07; ρ-value < 0.001], and regular hand washing before eating [AOR = 0.15; CI:0.12-0.19; ρ-value < 0.05] were the independent predictors of H. pylori infection. Conclusion The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in Southeastern Ethiopia is agonizingly high, exceeding the world average by 27.6%, the first report, and seems to be one of the neglected infectious diseases. Hence, the Oromia Region Health Bureau should reinvigorate the basic infectious disease control methods, establish routine laboratory diagnostic platforms, and intervene in selected societal practices spreading infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taye Kebede
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Immunology, Madda Walabu University, Bale-Robe, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa Administration City, Ethiopia
| | - Hagos Ashenafi
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa Administration City, Ethiopia
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Atipo‐Ibara BH, Boumba A, Ibara Ollandzobo Ikobo A, Mongo‐Onkouo A, Mimiesse Mounamou JF, Itoua‐Ngaporo NA, Moukassa D, Atipo Ibara BI. Histomolecular profile of Helicobacter pylori strains circulating in Brazzaville (Congo). JGH Open 2024; 8:e13035. [PMID: 38370130 PMCID: PMC10869990 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aim Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a real public health problem in the Congo. We aimed study the histomolecular profile of Hp strains circulating in Brazzaville, Congo, in order to contribute to the improvement of Hp-infected patients in the country. Methods This was an analytical-transversal study carried out from January to November 2020 (i.e. a study period of 11 months) in the endoscopy centers of Brazzaville as well as the molecular biology and anatomopathology laboratories of Pointe-Noire and Oyo. It involved 100 symptomatic patients over the age of 18 referred for upper GI endoscopy. These patients underwent gastric biopsies for histopathological analysis according to the Sydney classification and molecular analysis using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The frequency of Hp infection was determined using real-time PCR. PCR was also used to identify the Hp strains and assess their tropism in the gastric mucosa. Digestive symptoms, endoscopic lesions, and histopathological lesions associated with HP infection were studied. Results The incidence of Hp infection was 91%, with a female predominance of 52.75% and an average age of 46.32 years. Endoscopy revealed normal mucosa (56.14%), ulcerated lesions (12.28%), and gastritis (22.81%) in infected patients. Histopathologically, the lesions were chronic atrophic gastritis (91%), with inflammatory activity (16.46%), intestinal metaplasia (16.46%), and adenocarcinoma (3.3%). Cag A strains were present in 85.71% of cases and had no preferential tropism in the gastric mucosa. Strains carrying the Cag A gene were present in severe and serious endoscopic and histopathological lesions. Conclusion The prevalence of Hp infection is 91% in the Brazzaville population. Cag A strains circulate in high proportions and are implicated in the occurrence of severe lesions of the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anicet Boumba
- Faculty of Health SciencesMarien Ngouabi UniversityBrazzavilleCongo
- Hugues Dieudonné Loemba Molecular Biology LaboratoryPointe‐NoireCongo
- Pointe‐Noire Research ZoneInstitut National de la Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSSA)Pointe‐NoireCongo
| | - Atipo Ibara Ollandzobo Ikobo
- Faculty of Health SciencesMarien Ngouabi UniversityBrazzavilleCongo
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine DepartmentBrazzaville University HospitalBrazzavilleCongo
| | - Arnaud Mongo‐Onkouo
- Faculty of Health SciencesMarien Ngouabi UniversityBrazzavilleCongo
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine DepartmentBrazzaville University HospitalBrazzavilleCongo
| | - Jile F Mimiesse Mounamou
- Faculty of Health SciencesMarien Ngouabi UniversityBrazzavilleCongo
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine DepartmentBrazzaville University HospitalBrazzavilleCongo
| | - Ngala A Itoua‐Ngaporo
- Faculty of Health SciencesMarien Ngouabi UniversityBrazzavilleCongo
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine DepartmentBrazzaville University HospitalBrazzavilleCongo
| | - Donatien Moukassa
- Faculty of Health SciencesMarien Ngouabi UniversityBrazzavilleCongo
- Department of AnatomopathologyEdith Lucie Bongo Odimba General HospitalOyoCongo
| | - Blaise I Atipo Ibara
- Faculty of Health SciencesMarien Ngouabi UniversityBrazzavilleCongo
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine DepartmentBrazzaville University HospitalBrazzavilleCongo
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Quach DT, Mai BH, Tran MK, Dao LV, Tran HV, Vu KT, Vu KV, Pham HTT, Bui HH, Ho DDQ, Trinh DT, Nguyen VT, Duong TH, Tran TTK, Nguyen HTV, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TD, Nguyen LC, Dao HV, Thai KD, Phan NT, Le LT, Vo CHM, Ho PT, Nguyen TL, Le QD, Le NV, Phan HQ, Nguyen BC, Tran TT, Tran TV, Ta L. Vietnam Association of Gastroenterology (VNAGE) consensus on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1065045. [PMID: 36714104 PMCID: PMC9878302 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1065045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is prevalent and has a rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance rate in Vietnam. Reinfection is quite common, and gastric carcinoma remains one of the most common malignancies, which is not uncommon to develop after successful eradication. The purpose of this consensus is to provide updated recommendations on the management of H. pylori infection in the country. The consensus panel consisted of 32 experts from 14 major universities and institutions in Vietnam who were invited to review the evidence and develop the statements using the Delphi method. The process followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The consensus level was defined as ≥80% for agreement on the proposed statements. Due to the limited availability of high-quality local evidence, this consensus was also based on high-quality evidence from international studies, especially those conducted in other populations in the Asia-Pacific region. The panel finally reached a consensus on 27 statements after two voting rounds, which consisted of four sections (1) indications for testing and selection of diagnostic tests (2), treatment regimens, (3) post-treatment confirmation of H. pylori status, and (4) reinfection prevention methods and follow-up after eradication. Important issues that require further evidence include studies on third-line regimens, strategies to prevent H. pylori reinfection, and post-eradication follow-up for precancerous gastric lesions. We hope this consensus will help guide the current clinical practice in Vietnam and promote multicenter studies in the country and international collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Trong Quach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Mien Kieu Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long Van Dao
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huy Van Tran
- Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ho Thi-Thu Pham
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Huu Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Vinh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanoi National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Hong Duong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Tuong Thi-Khanh Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Hang Viet Dao
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Quang Dinh Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nho Viet Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Trung Thien Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Long Ta
- 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Mazumder S, Rahman F, Akter F, Khatun R, Akter S, Saha S, Jilani MS, Sayeed M, Haq J. Asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection among rural children and adolescents in Bangladesh. IMC JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.55010/imcjms.16.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: The Helicobacter pylori infection rate varies according to the age, location of the residence and socioeconomic status. The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of H. pylori infection among the asymptomatic Bangladeshi rural children and adolescents.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a rural area under Pabna district about 150 km north-west of capital Dhaka. Asymptomatic and apparently healthy rural children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to record the socio-demographic and clinical information. The rate of H. pylori infection was determined by the presence of H. pylori antigen in faeces and/or anti-H. pylori IgG and/or IgA antibodies in blood. H. pylori stool antigen was detected by lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay and serum anti-H. pylori IgG and IgA antibodies were estimated by ELISA method.
Results: A total number of 185 asymptomatic and apparently healthy children and adolescents were enrolled of which 34, 131 and 20 were in 6-10, 11-15 and 16-18 years age groups respectively. The overall H. pylori infection rate was 79.5% (95% CI: 0.729, 0.85) by positive stool antigen or by the presence of serum anti-H. pylori IgG/IgA antibodies. The rate of H. pylori infection significantly (p=0.05) increased with progress of age. H. pylori infection rate was 67.6%, 80.2% and 95% in 6-10, 11-15 and 16-18 years age groups respectively. The concentration of serum anti-H. pylori IgG/IgA antibodies did not differ across the age groups. The infection rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher among the children of illiterate parents compared to the children of literate parents.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated a high prevalence of H. pylori infection among children and adolescents in a rural setting. Gender and family history did not affect H. pylori prevalence but increasing age and poor educational status of parents were associated with a higher H. pylori prevalence.
IMC J Med Sci 2022; 16(2): 007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.16.017
*Correspondence: J. Ashraful Haq, Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A, Ibrahim Sarani, Segunbagicha, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Email: jahaq54@yahoo.com
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraboni Mazumder
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rehana Khatun
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahida Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Supti Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Sayeed
- Department of Community Medicine, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jalaluddin Haq
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Comparative study of endoscopic rapid urease test with serology of helicobacter pylori infection in acid peptic disease. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns3.6360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid Peptic Disease (APD) is worldwide health issue for the surgeons, mainly due to risk and associated complications like Gastric Ulcer (GU), Duodenal Ulcer (DU), Gastro intestinal tract (GIT) perforation. This aims at early detection of disease which is caused by Helicobacter Pylori (HP) and intervention prevents the further complications. This study is Cohort study was conducted in the endoscopic unit of Department of General Surgery Tertiary care teaching Hospital over a period of 1 year with a sample size of 121. All the patients suitable for the study in regards to the inclusion and exclusion criteria are subjected to both the study until the sample size is achieved, with the prior agreement of the institutional ethical committee. All the participants are tested with RUT and ELISA and 87.60% had RUT positive and 86.78% had ELISA positive infection. RUT had sensitivity of 87.62% in predicting ELISA, specificity was 12.50%, with a total diagnostic accuracy of 77.69%. We treated 51.24% with the CMO kit and 48.76% with HP kit. O
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Wang X, Jia Z, Zhang Y, Kou C, Jiang J. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with estimated glomerular filtration rate in a Chinese population. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 96:105102. [PMID: 34624541 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection is reported to be associated with extragastric disorders which include kidney diseases. But the association between H. pylori infection and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is unclear as far. Thus, we performed the study to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its association with eGFR in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in adults who took health examination at the First Hospital of Jilin University in 2019. All the subjects received 14C-labled urea breath test to determine the H. pylori infection, and we analyzed the relationship between prevalence of H. pylori infection and eGFR. RESULTS Among 3593 participants in the health checkup, the positive rate of H. pylori infection was 37.3%. H. pylori-positive participants had a lower level of eGFR than H. pylori-negative participants. In univariate analysis, we observed that the positive rate of H. pylori infection and RR (relative risk) became larger with eGFR decreased, however, the association was not significant after adjustment for other factors. Further multivariable analysis showed age and sex were the main confounders between eGFR and H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS The correlation between eGFR and positive rate of H. pylori infection was confounded by age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhifang Jia
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Changgui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Dao LV, Dao HV, Nguyen HT, Vu VT, Tran ATN, Dat VQ, Hoang LB, Nguyen HTV, Nguyen TD. Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication outcomes among Vietnamese patients in the same households: Findings from a non-randomized study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260454. [PMID: 34818349 PMCID: PMC8612553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Familial transmission can possibly influence the infection and treatment of Helicobacter pylori. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori infection and outcomes of eradication treatment among Vietnamese patients who live in the same households. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of Vietnamese household members with upper gastrointestinal complaints. Participants received esophagogastroduodenoscopy and H. pylori testing. The H. pylori-positive patients were treated and asked to return for follow-up within 4 months. To explore factors associated with H. pylori infection at baseline, we performed multilevel logistic regression to account for the clustering effect of living in the same households. To explore factors associated with eradication failure, we used Poisson regression with robust variance estimation to estimate the risk ratio. Results The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 83.5% and highest among children <12 years old (92.2%) in 1,272 patients from 482 households. There were variations in H. pylori infection across households (intraclass correlation = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05, 0.33). Children aged <12 years had higher odds of H. pylori infection (odds ratio = 3.41, 95%CI 2.11, 5.50). At follow-up, H. pylori was eradicated in 264 of 341 patients (77.4%). The risk of eradication failure was lower for the sequential regimen with tetracycline. Conclusion H. pylori infection was common among people living in the same households. Eradication success for H. pylori was higher for the tetracycline sequential regimen. More research should be focused on how family factors influence H. pylori infection and on eradication treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Van Dao
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hang Viet Dao
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
| | - Hao Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vung Thi Vu
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Vu Quoc Dat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Bao Hoang
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hong Thi Van Nguyen
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Khanali J, Kolahi AA. National and Subnational Cancer Incidence for 22 Cancer Groups, 2000 to 2016: A Study Based on Cancer Registration Data of Iran. J Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 2021:6676666. [PMID: 34335766 PMCID: PMC8292090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6676666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is an increasing public health concern, and detailed knowledge of the cancer incidence is required for developing effective cancer control plans. The objective of this study is to present the cancer incidence of 22 cancer groups in Iran and all 31 provinces of the country from 2000 to 2016, for both sexes across different age groups. METHOD To study the national and provincial cancer incidence in Iran, we extracted data from the Cancer Project, which collects the Iranian cancer registry data and visualizes it in the VIZIT data visualization system. The methodology and statistical analysis that is used in this study follow the cancer project study protocol. Joinpoint analysis was performed to calculate the average annual percent change of the crude rates and age-standardized rates from 2000 to 2016. RESULTS Cancer incidence was 126,982 patients in 2016, and the crude rate (CR) of cancer in both sexes and all ages was 155 per 100,000 people. Cancer incidence approximately doubled between 2000 and 2016; however, the age-standardized rate (ASR) had a less drastic increase. The most incident cancers in 2016 were breast, skin, and colorectal cancers; however, the ranking of cancer groups by incidence was different in different age and sex groups and provinces. Some cancers exhibited a unique distribution pattern in the country with high-incidence local areas. Discussion. The study showed that cancer incidence, crude rate, and age-standardized rate (ASR) in Iran had increased in 2000-2016 with vast heterogeneity by cancer type, province, and sex. Moreover, it was shown that the crude rate of cancer in Iran was much less than the global cancer crude rate. Providing such data helps to allocate resources and develop effective national cancer control plans appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Khanali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Belay AS, Abateneh DD, Yehualashet SS. <p>Seroprevalence of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Infection and Associated Factors Among Adult Dyspeptic Patients in Public Health Facilities, Mizan Aman Town, Southwest, Ethiopia: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study</p>. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:577-585. [PMID: 32982374 PMCID: PMC7490056 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s273523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection is a public health problem associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. It is endemic in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess seroprevalence of H. pylori infection and associated factors among adults’ dyspeptic patients in public health facilities of Mizan Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted in public health facilities of Mizan Aman Town, from April 1, 2018, to June 30, 2018. A total of 208 adult dyspeptic patients were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Serum was tested for anti-H. pylori antibody using a commercial test strip. Data were entered using Epi info 6.04 and exported to SPSS 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed and OR with 95% CI was retrieved. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 208 participants were interviewed. The mean age of respondents was 31.70 (SD ±9.123) years. Seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was 89 (42.8%). Presence of domestic animals (AOR = 13.33, 95% CI = (2.203–80.692)), sources of drinking water (AOR = 0.011, 95% CI = (0.001–0.110)), toilet type (AOR = 11.236, 95% CI = (1.921–65.73)), shared beds with siblings (AOR = 7.775, 95% CI = (1.676–36.082)), family size (AOR = 0.015, 95% CI = (0.003, 0.089)), storing and reusing water (AOR =0.014, 95% CI = (0.002–0.103)) and occupational status (AOR = 23.33, 95% CI = (2.034–67.661)) were variables significantly associated with seroprevalence of H. pylori. Conclusion Seroprevalence of H. pylori infection is relatively high in Ethiopia. Family size, shared bed, presences of domestic animals, storage and reuse of water, toilet type, sources of drinking water, and occupation were significant factors associated with H. pylori infection. The possible identified modifiable risk factors should be addressed through effective health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Sayih Belay
- Mizan Tepi University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Alemayehu Sayih Belay Mizan Tepi University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, P.O. Box: 260, Mizan Teferi, EthiopiaTel +251-911669861 Email
| | - Dejene Derseh Abateneh
- Mizan Tepi University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
- Kotebe Metropolitan University, Menelik II College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Shewasinad Yehualashet
- Mizan Tepi University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
- Debre Berhan University, Institute of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Helicobacter pylori Infection, Virulence Genes' Distribution and Accompanying Clinical Outcomes: The West Africa Situation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7312908. [PMID: 31886245 PMCID: PMC6925786 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7312908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Data on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and virulence factors in countries across West Africa are scattered. This systematic review seeks to present an update on the status of H. pylori infection focusing on prevalence rate, distribution of virulent genes, and their link to clinical outcomes across countries in the western part of Africa. This information is expected to broaden the knowledge base of clinicians and researchers regarding H. pylori infection and associated virulence factors in West African countries. Search Method. A comprehensive search of the scientific literature in PubMed and ScienceDirect was conducted using the search terms including “Helicobacter pylori infection in West Africa”. Databases were sourced from January 1988 to December 2018. Results. Data on the incidence of H. pylori infection and related pathological factors were found for some countries, whereas others had no information on it. Smoking, alcohol, exposure to high levels of carcinogens and diet were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases and gastric cancer. Besides the environmental factors and genetic characteristics, there are important characteristics of H. pylori such as the ability to infect, replicate, and persist in a host that have been associated with the pathogenesis of various gastroduodenal diseases. Concluding Remarks. This systematic search has provided information so far available on H. pylori virulence factors and clinical outcomes in West Africa. Accordingly, this piece has identified gaps in the body of knowledge highlighting the need for more studies to clarify the role of H. pylori virulence factors and associated clinical outcomes in the burden of this bacterial infection in West Africa, as data from these countries do not give the needed direct relation.
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Kotilea K, Bontems P, Touati E. Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:17-33. [PMID: 31016621 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human-specific pathogen, which leads to gastric pathologies including gastric cancer. It is a highly unique bacterium considered as a carcinogenic agent. H. pylori remains a major human health problem, responsible for ~90% of the gastric cancer cases. Approximately four billion individuals have been detected for H. pylori infection worldwide in 2015. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the prevalence of H. pylori has been declining in highly industrialized countries of the Western world, whereas prevalence has plateaued at a high level in developing and newly industrialized countries. However, the infection status remains high in immigrants coming from countries with high prevalence of H. pylori infection. H. pylori can be diagnosed both by invasive and non-invasive methods. Urea breath test and stool antigens detection are among the most commonly used non-invasive ones. Although the way H. pylori is transmitted remains still not fully clear, the level of contamination is strongly dependent on the familial and environmental context, with a drastic impact of living conditions with poor hygiene and sanitation. However, familial socioeconomic status is the main risk factor for H. pylori infection among children. In addition, food and water source have a high impact on the prevalence of H. pylori infection worldwide. This chapter highlights the latest knowledge in the epidemiology of H. pylori infection, its diagnosis and critical risk factors responsible for its high prevalence in some populations and geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirroi Kotilea
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrick Bontems
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Smith S, Fowora M, Pellicano R. Infections with Helicobacter pylori and challenges encountered in Africa. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3183-3195. [PMID: 31333310 PMCID: PMC6626727 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i25.3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer (GC). While this bacterium infects 50% of the world's population, in Africa its prevalence reach as high as 80% as the infection is acquired during childhood. Risk factors for H. pylori acquisition have been reported to be mainly due to overcrowding, to have infected siblings or parent and to unsafe water sources. Despite this high H. pylori prevalence there still does not exist an African guideline, equivalent to the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report of the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group for the management of this infection. In this continent, although there is a paucity of epidemiologic data, a contrast between the high prevalence of H. pylori infection and the low incidence of GC has been reported. This phenomenon is the so-called "African Enigma" and it has been hypothesized that it could be explained by environmental, dietary and genetic factors. A heterogeneity of data both on diagnosis and on therapy have been published. In this context, it is evident that in several African countries the increasing rate of bacterial resistance, mainly to metronidazole and clarithromycin, requires continental guidelines to recommend the appropriate management of H. pylori. The aim of this manuscript is to review current literature on H. pylori infection in Africa, in terms of prevalence, risk factors, impact on human health, treatment and challenges encountered so as to proffer possible solutions to reduce H. pylori transmission in this continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos PMB 2013, Nigeria
| | - Muinah Fowora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos PMB 2013, Nigeria
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Alaofè H, Asaolu I. Maternal and Child Nutrition Status in Rural Communities of Kalalé District, Benin: The Relationship and Risk Factors. Food Nutr Bull 2019; 40:56-70. [PMID: 30760027 DOI: 10.1177/0379572118825163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is an emerging public health concern in urban Benin. However, an understanding of the phenomena in rural areas of the country is lacking. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of DBM and to investigate the sociodemographic and dietary characteristics that differentiate DBM from undernourished children only, overweight/obese mothers only, and normal households in Kalalé district. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 426 mother-child pairs: nonpregnant women aged 15 to 49 years and children aged 6 to 59 months. Weight-for-age and height-for-age were used to classify underweight and stunted children, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 to measure overweight/obese mothers, and a 24-hour recall to assess the diet diversity score (DDS). RESULTS Overall, 37.6% of children were stunted, 10.1% wasted, and 22.8% underweight, while the rate of overweight/obese mothers was 15.5%. The DBM was present in 6.1% of the households. Overweight/obese mothers' households had better socioeconomic status (SES), greater maternal education, less food insecurity, and a more diversified diet, in contrast with undernourished children households. The DBM households shared several features with undernourished children households, except for a greater (not significant) SES, but had the lowest DDS. Logistical regression revealed that high SES, older age child, DDS, mother education, and ethnicity were associated with DBM. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the importance of addressing the DBM at the community level in rural Benin. However, multicenter studies in various rural parts of the country are needed to substantiate the present results, so that appropriate strategies to reduce the DBM can be planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimatou Alaofè
- 1 Health Promotion Sciences Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ibitola Asaolu
- 1 Health Promotion Sciences Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Shiferaw G, Abera D. Magnitude of Helicobacter pylori and associated risk factors among symptomatic patients attending at Jasmin internal medicine and pediatrics specialized private clinic in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:118. [PMID: 30727997 PMCID: PMC6364427 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of the people are infected worldwide with H. pylori which causes significant public health morbidity and mortality. The distribution is quite different from country to country. Hence, early information is very important to prevent upper gastrointestinal complications. The current study aimed to assess the magnitude of H. pylori and associated risk factors among symptomatic patients attending at Jasmin internal medicine and pediatrics specialized private clinic from August 2017 until May 2018 in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 487 patients with upper gastrointestinal tract complaints attending at Jasmin internal medicine and pediatrics specialized private clinic from August 2017 until May 2018. Convenient sampling technique was used to enroll participants. Information regarding to risk factors was assessed using structured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected for H. pylori antigen test. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version20 statistical software and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of H. pylori among participants using stool antigen was 36.8% (n = 179/487). Regarding to family income status, those who have low monthly income were more likely to be infected with H. pylori infection (AOR = 6.056, CI 95% = 1.603-22.881, P = 0.037). In addition, families with low educational level were more likely to be infected with H. pylori infection than higher level education (AOR = 4.150, CI95% = 1.059-16.270, P = 0.041). Number of family members in the house-hold, type of toilet they used and source of drinking water were not significantly associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 36.8% and it was related to low income and low education levels. This finding calls for improving the socioeconomic status of the community. Moreover, further studies are needed to investigate potential risk factors for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Shiferaw
- School of medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abera
- Department of medical laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Assaad S, Chaaban R, Tannous F, Costanian C. Dietary habits and Helicobacter pylori infection: a cross sectional study at a Lebanese hospital. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:48. [PMID: 29661143 PMCID: PMC5902873 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between dietary habits and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among patients at a tertiary healthcare center in Lebanon. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 294 patients in 2016, at a hospital in Northern Lebanon. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics; dietary habits were ascertained via a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). H. pylori status (positive vs. negative) was determined after upper GI endoscopy where gastric biopsy specimens from the antrum, body, and fundus region were collected and then sent for pathology analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the association between socio-demographic, lifestyle, dietary and other health-related variables with H pylori infection. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to be 52.4% in this sample. Results of the multivariable analysis showed that H. pylori infection risk was higher among participants with a university education or above (OR = 2.74; CI = 1.17-6.44), those with a history of peptic ulcers (OR = 3.80; CI = 1.80-8.01), gastric adenocarcinoma (OR = 3.99; CI = 1.35-11.83) and vitamin D level below normal (OR = 29.14; CI = 11.77-72.13). In contrast, hyperglycemia was protective against H. pylori (OR = 0.18; CI = 0.03-0.89). No relationship between dietary habits and H. pylori infection was found in the adjusted analysis. CONCLUSIONS Socio-demographic and clinical variables are found to be associated with H. pylori, but not with dietary factors. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of diet on H. pylori risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafika Assaad
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Chaaban
- International Committee of the Red Cross, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fida Tannous
- Faculty of Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christy Costanian
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3 Canada
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Seid A, Tamir Z, Demsiss W. Uninvestigated dyspepsia and associated factors of patients with gastrointestinal disorders in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29347978 PMCID: PMC5774098 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyspepsia is a common problem in the community and clinical practice with symptom(s) considered arising from the gastroduodenal region. Dyspepsia burden and associated factors vary from country to country. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia (UD) using Rome III criteria, associated risk factors and self-reported dyspepsia symptoms’ correlation with H. pylori infection. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 318 out patients with gastrointestinal complaints during the period from September 1 to December 30, 2015. All patients completed a questionnaire for collecting data regarding sociodemographic, lifestyle and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Diagnosis of dyspepsia was made according to the Rome III criteria. H. pylori infection was assessed using stool antigen test. SPSS version 20.0 statistical software package was used for data analysis. Results From a total of 318 patients, 48.4% had UD according to Rome III criteria; with 42.1% symptoms of epigastric pain/burning, 26.1% postprandial fullness and 22.6% early satiation. Epigastric pain/burning (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.07–3.43), early satiation (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.38–5.20) and belching (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.54–14.40) were significantly correlated with H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection (AOR = 4.33, 95% CI 2.41–7.76) and aspirin/NSAIDs consumption (AOR = 5.29, 95% CI 2.82–9.93) were independent risk factors for UD. However, consumption of raw fruits/ vegetables at least once a week (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.98) and taking two or more cups of tea a day (AOR = 0.339, 95% CI 0.17–0.70) were inversely associated with UD. Conclusions UD is highly prevalent among adults with gastrointestinal complaints. H. pylori infection is significantly associated with UD and correlates with its symptoms. Individuals with epigastric pain/burning, early satiation and belching should be primary focus of H. pylori infection diagnosis and treatment. The role of consumption of tea, raw fruits and vegetables on dyspepsia needs further large scale study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurahaman Seid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Po. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Zemenu Tamir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondmagegn Demsiss
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Morais S, Costa AR, Ferro A, Lunet N, Peleteiro B. Contemporary migration patterns in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 28098406 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid growth in the number of international migrants over the past years has occurred with most traveling to more affluent settings. As Helicobacter pylori infects over half of the adult population and its prevalence is higher in developing countries, understanding the prevalence of infection in migrants can provide insight into future trends in the burden and management of infection. We aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori among migrants through a systematic literature review. METHODS We searched PubMed® from inception to September 2015 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of H. pylori in international migrants according to country of birth for first-generation, and country of birth and parents' nationality for successive generations. Comparable data from origin and destination populations were obtained from the same studies or, when not present, from a previous systematic review on H. pylori worldwide. RESULTS A total of 28 eligible studies were identified with data for 29 origin and 12 destination countries. Two studies that evaluated refugees presented prevalences of infection higher than both the origin and destination countries. Otherwise, the prevalences among migrants were generally similar or below that of the origin and higher than the destination. Second- or more generation had lower prevalences compared to first-generation migrants. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings are consistent with what would be expected based on the prevalence of H. pylori worldwide. The results of this review show that migrants are particularly at risk of infection and help to identify gaps in the knowledge of migrants' prevalence of infection globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Ferro
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Saúde Pública, Ciências Forenses, Educação e Simulação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Peleteiro
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Saúde Pública, Ciências Forenses, Educação e Simulação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Semper RP, Gerhard M. The Lost Friend: H. pylori. BIRKHÄUSER ADVANCES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017:69-97. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69968-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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Tsongo L, Nakavuma J, Mugasa C, Kamalha E. Helicobacter pylori among patients with symptoms of gastroduodenal ulcer disease in rural Uganda. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2015; 5:26785. [PMID: 26560860 PMCID: PMC4641891 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v5.26785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To meet key millennium development goals, the rural population needs to be reached for health assessment and service delivery. Gastroduodenal ulcer disease is a common ailment affecting the health of people in Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bwera Hospital in Kasese district of western Uganda, to establish the prevalence and predisposing factors of Helicobacter pylori among gastroduodenal ulcer disease patients. Methods A sample of 174 patients with symptoms of gastroduodenal ulcer disease was purposively obtained. Using two laboratory test methods, the prevalence of H. pylori among these patients was determined. A structured questionnaire was administered to participants to establish their demographic background and selected aspects of their lifestyle. Finally, the results obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic rapid test (IRT) were compared. Results We established the prevalence of H. pylori as 29.9% (52/174) by ELISA and 37.4% (65/174) by IRT. Cigarette smoking, poor sanitation, and lack of formal education were the significant predisposing factors with p-values <0.05. The two tests gave identical results in 87.9% of the patients. Discussion The prevalence of H. pylori by IRT and ELISA test methods was similar to what has been reported elsewhere in developed countries; but was lower than previously reported in developing countries including Uganda. The previous studies in Uganda were carried out in the urban population and on young children; and some used antibody-detection methods only, therefore leading to different prevalence as a result of difference in study population and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Tsongo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biosafety, Biosecurity and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,School of Allied Health Sciences, International Health Sciences University, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences), Kisubi Brothers University College, Entebbe, Uganda;
| | - Jessica Nakavuma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biosafety, Biosecurity and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Claire Mugasa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biosafety, Biosecurity and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edwin Kamalha
- Faculty of Engineering, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda.,The GEMTEX Laboratory, Lille 1 University of Science and Technology-ENSAIT, Lille North, France
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Zheng Y, Liu M, Shu H, Chen Z, Liu G, Zhang Y. Relationship between oral problems and Helicobacter pylori infection. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:938-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abebaw W, Kibret M, Abera B. Prevalence and Risk Factors of H. pylori from Dyspeptic Patients in Northwest Ethiopia: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:4459-63. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Risk Factors and Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Persistent High Incidence Area of Gastric Carcinoma in Yangzhong City. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:481365. [PMID: 24550981 PMCID: PMC3914443 DOI: 10.1155/2014/481365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection in areas with high prevalence of gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China. Methods. A prospective epidemiologic survey of H. pylori infection was accomplished in a natural population of 5417 individuals in Yangzhong city. Questionnaires and 13C-urea breath test for H. pylori infection were performed. Results. Among 5417 subjects who completed questionnaires and 13C-urea breath test, 3435 (63.41%) were H. pylori positive. The prevalence reached a peak at the age of 30–39 years (90.82%). There was significant difference between sexes and women had a higher infection rate than men. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was also associated with eating kipper food and fried food. No association between H. pylori prevalence and smoking or drinking was found. Compared to healthy individuals, people with dyspeptic diseases (peptic ulcer, gastroenteritis) presented a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, age and history of peptic ulcer and gastroenteritis were the independent predictors for H. pylori infection. Conclusions. Yangzhong city had a high prevalence of H. pylori infection and was related to several risk factors. The underlying mechanisms are needed to be further investigated.
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Ozaydin N, Turkyilmaz SA, Cali S. Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori in Turkey: a nationally-representative, cross-sectional, screening with the ¹³C-Urea breath test. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1215. [PMID: 24359515 PMCID: PMC3880349 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is an important global pathogen infecting approximately 50% of the world’s population. This study was undertaken in order to estimate the prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori infections among adults living in Turkey and to investigate the associated risk factors. Method This study was a nationally representative cross sectional survey, using weighted multistage stratified cluster sampling. All individuals aged ≥18 years in the selected households were invited to participate in the survey. Ninety two percent (n = 2382) of the households in 55 cities participated; 4622 individuals from these households were tested with the 13C-Urea breath test. Helicobacter pylori prevalence and associated factors were analysed by the t test, chi square and multiple logistic regression with SPSS11.0. Results The weighted overall prevalence was 82.5% (95% CI: 81.0-84.2) and was higher in men. It was lowest in the South which has the major fruit growing areas of the country. The factors included in the final model were sex, age, education, marital status, type of insurance (social security), residential region, alcohol use, smoking, drinking water source. While education was the only significant factor for women, residential region, housing tenure, smoking and alcohol use were significant for men in models by sex. Conclusion In Turkey, Helicobacter pylori prevalence was found to be very high. Individuals who were women, elderly adults, single, had a high educational level, were living in the fruit growing region, had social security from Emekli Sandigi, were drinking bottled water, non smokers and regular alcohol consumers, were under less risk of Helicobacter pylori infection than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Ozaydin
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Hu D, Shao J, Wang L, Zheng H, Xu Y, Song G, Liu Q. Prevalence and risk factors ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in Chinese maritime workers. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 40:472-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2013.804121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Tseng CH. Diabetes, insulin use and Helicobacter pylori eradication: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:46. [PMID: 22571603 PMCID: PMC3419616 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients may have a higher risk of gastric cancer. However, whether they have a higher incidence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication is not known. Furthermore, whether insulin use in patients with type 2 diabetes may be associated with a higher incidence of HP eradication has not been investigated. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. The reimbursement databases from 1996 to 2005 of 1 million insurants of the National Health Insurance in Taiwan were retrieved. After excluding those aged <25 years, cases of gastric cancer, cases receiving HP eradication before 2005, patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and those with unknown living region, the reimbursement data of a total of 601,441 insurants were analyzed. Diabetes status and insulin use in patients with type 2 diabetes before 2005 were the main exposures of interest and the first event of HP eradication in 2005 was the main outcome evaluated. HP eradication was defined as a combination use of proton pump inhibitor or H2 receptor blockers, plus clarithromycin or metronidazole, plus amoxicillin or tetracycline, with or without bismuth, in the same prescription for 7-14 days. The association between type 2 diabetes/insulin use and HP eradication was evaluated by logistic regression, considering the confounding effect of diabetes duration, comorbidities, medications and panendoscopic examination. RESULTS In 2005, there were 10,051 incident cases receiving HP eradication. HP eradication was significantly increased with age, male sex, diabetes status, insulin use, use of calcium channel blocker, panendoscopic examination, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, nephropathy, ischemic heart disease and peripheral arterial disease. Significant differences were also seen for occupation and living region. Medications including statin, fibrate, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker and oral anti-diabetic agents were not associated with HP eradication. The adjusted odds ratios for diabetes, insulin use and use of calcium channel blocker was 1.133 (1.074, 1.195), 1.414 (1.228, 1.629) and 1.147 (1.074, 1.225), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes and insulin use in the diabetic patients are significantly associated with a higher incidence of HP eradication. Additionally, use of calcium channel blocker also shows a significant association with HP eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Xia P, Ma MF, Wang W. Status of Helicobacter pylori infection among migrant workers in Shijiazhuang, China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1167-1170. [PMID: 22799299 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection leads to many upper gastrointestinal diseases. Migrant workers are the main part of floating population in China. However, up to now, their health status has not been a focus of attention. METHODS In order to assess the status of H. pylori infection among migrant workers in Shijiazhuang, over five years we interviewed 324 individuals between 2007 and 2011. Each underwent a rapid urease test to identify H. pylori infection and socio-demographic indicators were collected using a survey questionnaire. RESULTS Our results showed that family income (P = 0.003), dietetic hygiene (P = 0.005), education (P = 0.004) and marital status (P = 0.007) were associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION We found that migrant workers had little basic knowledge of H. pylori and their prevalence of infection remains high. Therefore, we need to promote education and awareness of H. pylori and to ensure access to diagnosis and treatment for infected workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Devrajani BR, Shah SZA, Soomro AA, Devrajani T. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection: A hospital based case-control study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2011. [PMID: 20431802 DOI: 10.4103/0973.60008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to compare the frequency of H. pylori infection in both groups. STUDY DESIGN Case control. PLACE AND DURATION Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital from October 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS AND METHODS This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 148 subjects and divided into two groups i.e. type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics; each group consisting of 74 patients. All diabetic patients of >/= 35 years of age, both gender and the known cases with history of dyspepsia, epigastric pain or bloating for more than a month were screened for Helicobacter pylori infection. The collected data of both groups was evaluated and separated for analysis. RESULTS Majority of the patients were male with mean age +/- SD, 52.86 +/- 8.51. Among the diabetic group, HpSA was positive in 54/74 (73%), whereas in the non-diabetic group HpSA was positive in 38/74 (51.4%) cases. Fasting blood glucose was identified as low in 04 (5.40%) H. pylori infected - diabetic patients where as the blood glucose level of 07 (9.45%) known diabetic patients was raised despite the ongoing medication. CONCLUSION Diabetic patients are more prone and at risk to acquire H. Pylori infection. Therefore proper monitoring of blood glucose level and screening for H. pylori infection are effective preventive measures for this life threatening infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikha Ram Devrajani
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad (LUMHS), Pakistan
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Devrajani BR, Shah SZA, Soomro AA, Devrajani T. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection: A hospital based case-control study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2011; 30:22-6. [PMID: 20431802 PMCID: PMC2859280 DOI: 10.4103/0973-3930.60008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to compare the frequency of H. pylori infection in both groups. Study Design: Case control. Place and Duration: Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital from October 2007 to March 2008. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 148 subjects and divided into two groups i.e. type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics; each group consisting of 74 patients. All diabetic patients of ≥ 35 years of age, both gender and the known cases with history of dyspepsia, epigastric pain or bloating for more than a month were screened for Helicobacter pylori infection. The collected data of both groups was evaluated and separated for analysis. Results: Majority of the patients were male with mean age ± SD, 52.86 ± 8.51. Among the diabetic group, HpSA was positive in 54/74 (73%), whereas in the non-diabetic group HpSA was positive in 38/74 (51.4%) cases. Fasting blood glucose was identified as low in 04 (5.40%) H. pylori infected - diabetic patients where as the blood glucose level of 07 (9.45%) known diabetic patients was raised despite the ongoing medication. Conclusion: Diabetic patients are more prone and at risk to acquire H. Pylori infection. Therefore proper monitoring of blood glucose level and screening for H. pylori infection are effective preventive measures for this life threatening infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikha Ram Devrajani
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad (LUMHS), Pakistan
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Miranda ACP, Machado RS, da Silva EMK, Kawakami E. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children of low socioeconomic level in São Paulo. SAO PAULO MED J 2010; 128:187-91. [PMID: 21120427 PMCID: PMC10938992 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802010000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori infection is mainly acquired during childhood, and is associated with significant morbidity in adults. The aim here was to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection among children of low socioeconomic level attended at a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study, among patients attended at an outpatient clinic. METHODS 326 children were evaluated (150 boys and 176 girls; mean age 6.82 ± 4.07 years) in a cross-sectional study. Patients with chronic diseases or previous H. pylori treatment, and those whose participation was not permitted by the adult responsible for the child, were excluded. The adults answered a demographic questionnaire and blood samples were collected. The serological test used was Cobas Core II, a second-generation test. Titers > 5 U/ml were considered positive. RESULTS H. pylori infection was diagnosed in 116 children (35.6%). Infected children were older than uninfected children (7.77 ± 4.08 years versus 5.59 ± 3.86 years; p < 0.0001). The seroprevalence increased from 20.8% among children aged two to four years, to 58.3% among those older than 12 years. There were no significant relationships between seropositivity and gender, color, breastfeeding, number of people in the home, number of rooms, bed sharing, living in a shantytown, maternal educational level, family income or nutritional status. In multivariate analysis, the only variable significantly associated with H. pylori seropositivity was age. CONCLUSION Infection had intermediate prevalence in the study population, and age was associated with higher prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurea Cristina Portorreal Miranda
- PhD. Postgraduate student, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo — Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Strehl Machado
- PhD. Attending physician, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo — Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edina Mariko Koga da Silva
- PhD. Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo — Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elisabete Kawakami
- PhD. Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo — Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hestvik E, Tylleskar T, Kaddu-Mulindwa DH, Ndeezi G, Grahnquist L, Olafsdottir E, Tumwine JK. Helicobacter pylori in apparently healthy children aged 0-12 years in urban Kampala, Uganda: a community-based cross sectional survey. BMC Gastroenterol 2010; 10:62. [PMID: 20553588 PMCID: PMC2901381 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-10-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of bacterial infection in human beings. Studies have showed a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among people in low-income countries and colonization early in life. A monoclonal antigen test, performed on faeces, HpSA®ImmunoCardSTAT, has a high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy and the faecal test can be performed in all ages, also in resource-limited settings. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori colonization in apparently healthy children aged 0-12 years in urban Kampala, Uganda. Method We tested 427 apparently healthy children, age 0-12 years (211 males, 216 females), in a cross sectional survey for Helicobacter pylori colonization using HpSA ®ImmunoCardSTAT. A short standardized interview with socio-demographic information and medical history was used to assess risk factors. Results The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the 427 children was 44.3% (189 out of 427). Early colonization was common, 28.7%, in children younger than 1 year of age. The age specific rates were 46.0% in children age 1- < 3 years, 51.7% in children age 3- < 6 years, 54.8% in children age 6- < 9 years and 40.0% in children age 9- < 12 years. There was a significant difference in prevalence by gender; female 38.5% versus male 49.8% and by type of housing; permanent house 38.5% versus semi-permanent house 48.6%. Congestive living and education level of the female caretaker showed a clear trend for a difference in prevalence. Factors independently associated with Helicobacter pylori colonization included: drugs taken last three months, using a pit latrine, sources of drinking water and wealth index. Conclusion The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori colonization among urban Ugandan children is high at an early age and increases with age. The impact of Helicobacter pylori colonization on children's health in Uganda needs to be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Hestvik
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.
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Silva FM, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Barbuti RC, Mattar R, Hashimoto CL, Eisig JN. Helicobacter pylori reinfection in Brazilian patients with peptic ulcer disease: a 5-year follow-up. Helicobacter 2010; 15:46-52. [PMID: 20302589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Helicobacter pylori reinfection seems to be higher in developing countries, than in developed ones. The aim of the study was to determine the annual recurrence rate of H. pylori, in Brazilian patients with peptic ulcer disease, in a 5-year follow-up. METHODS Patients, with peptic ulcer disease diagnosed by upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) and H. pylori infection verified by histological analysis, rapid urease test, polymerase chain reaction, and urea breath test (UBT), were treated for bacterial eradication. The cure of the infection was verified using the same tests, 3 months after. Clinical evaluation and UBT were performed after sixth and ninth month. After 1 year of follow-up, UBT and UDE were repeated. Up to the fifth year, patients were assessed twice a year and an UBT was performed annually. The patients included and all the reinfected were tested for 15 different genes of the H. pylori. RESULTS One hundred and forty-seven patients were followed: 19 for 1 year, eight for 2 years, four for 3 years, five for 4 years, and 98 for 5 years, totaling 557 patients/years. Recurrence did not occur in the first year. In the second year, two patients were reinfected; in the third, four patients; in the fourth, three patients; and in the fifth, one patient. The total of reinfected patients was 10. The annual reinfection rate was 1.8%. CONCLUSION Brazil presents a low prevalence of H. pylori reinfection, similar to the developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Silva
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Tanih NF, Dube C, Green E, Mkwetshana N, Clarke AM, Ndip LM, Ndip RN. An African perspective on Helicobacter pylori: prevalence of human infection, drug resistance, and alternative approaches to treatment. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2010; 103:189-204. [PMID: 19341534 DOI: 10.1179/136485909x398311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, micro-aerophilic, motile, curved rod that inhabits the gastric mucosa of the human stomach. It chronically infects thousands of millions of people world-wide, and is one of the most genetically diverse of bacterial species. Infection with the bacterium leads to chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration, gastric cancers and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The prevalence of infection appears to be partly determined by geographical and socio-demographic factors, being higher in Africa than elsewhere. Current treatment, based on potent combinations that each consist of a proton-pump inhibitor and two antibiotics, is successful in 80%-90% of patients. Some undesirable side-effects, poor patient compliance and drug resistance are, however, associated with significant levels of treatment failure and with contra-indications for some patients. Antibiotic resistance in H. pylori is a growing global concern that merits the urgent attention of public-health authorities. Numerous pieces of clinical evidence have revealed that eradication of the organism from a patient results in improvement of gastritis and drastically decreases the frequency of relapse of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Natural products, including medicinal plants and honey, may offer useful alternatives in the treatment of H. pylori-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Tanih
- Microbial Pathogenicity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P.M.B. X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Vale FF, Vítor JMB. Transmission pathway of Helicobacter pylori: does food play a role in rural and urban areas? Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 138:1-12. [PMID: 20122750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium that has colonized the human gastric mucosa. This infection is very common and affects more than half of the human population. The prevalence is however unbalanced between rural developing areas (more than 80%) and urban developed areas (less than 40%). H. pylori is responsible for several pathologies, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer but its transmission pathway is still not clear. The risk factors for H. pylori infection include poor social and economic development; poor hygienic practices; absence of hygienic drinking water; and unsanitary prepared food. There is evidence supporting a gastro-oral, oral-oral and faecal-oral transmission, but no predominant mechanism of transmission has been yet identified. Transmission may occur in a vertical mode (e.g. from parents to child) or in a horizontal mode (across individuals or from environmental contamination). In either case, the involvement of water and food cannot be excluded as vehicles or sources of infection. Indirect evidence of presence of H. pylori in water and food, namely the detection of its DNA and survival studies after artificial contamination of food and water has been described. This paper reviews data both favourable and against the role of water and food in the transmission of H. pylori, exploring their role as a potential transmission vehicle for person-to-person and food-chain transmission. The likelihood of the transmission pathway in developing rural and developed urban areas appears to be different. In developed areas, person-to-person transmission within families appears to be dominant, while in the rural developing areas the transmission pathway appears to be more complex. In this later case, the transmission by contaminated food, water, or via intensive contact between infants and non-parental caretakers may have a greater influence than within-family transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Vale
- Faculty of Engineering Catholic University of Portugal, Estrada Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Portugal.
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Abstract
GOAL To find out the role of family members in the Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood by investigating the incidence of infection within families of H. pylori-infected children. BACKGROUND H. pylori infection is usually acquired in early childhood and possibly family members are the main source of infection. STUDY One hundred consecutive children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, without previous H. pylori eradication treatment were prospectively studied by gastroscopy and C-urea breath test. Simultaneously, all family members were studied by C-urea breath test regardless of earlier eradication treatment for H. pylori infection. The age of children and their parents, socioeconomic status, parents' education, and living conditions were recorded. RESULTS Forty-four index symptomatic children were infected by H. pylori. No statistical difference was found concerning demographic factors, between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative index children except age, which was higher in the H. pylori-infected children (P=0.009). In all H. pylori-positive and in 71.4% of the negative index children, at least 1 more family member was infected (P<0.001), always including a parent in the H. pylori-positive, compared with 69.6% in the H. pylori-negative group (P<0.001). The percentage of infected siblings, mothers and fathers was higher in H. pylori-infected index children (P<0.001, P=0.001, and P=0.035, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori infection is significantly higher among families of infected index children. The presence of at least 1 infected family member in all H. pylori-positive index children suggests that the family could be the main source of H. pylori infection in children.
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Dube C, Nkosi TC, Clarke AM, Mkwetshana N, Green E, Ndip RN. Helicobacter pylori antigenemia in an asymptomatic population of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: public health implications. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2009; 24:249-255. [PMID: 19891122 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2009.24.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of such upper gastrointestinal diseases as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The risk of infection is increased in those living in the developing world, which has been ascribed to precarious hygiene standards, crowded households, and deficient sanitation common in this part of the world. Fecal samples were collected from 356 apparently healthy subjects, consisting of 168 males and 188 females aged from 3 months to > or = 60 years (Mean = 31 years). A standardized questionnaire describing demographic characteristic including age, sex, household hygiene, socioeconomic status, and so on was applied. A sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay amplification technology (Amplified IDEIA Hp StAR, Oxoid, UK) was used to analyze the fecal samples for the detection of H. pylori antigens using monoclonal antibodies specific for H. pylori antigens. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the univariate association between H. pylori infection and the possible risk factors. Odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to measure the strength of association using EPI INFO 3.41 package. P values of < .05 were required for significance. H. pylori antigen was detected in 309 of the 356 subjects giving an overall prevalence of 86.8%. Prevalence increased with age from 75.9% in children < 12 years age to 100% in young adults aged 25-47 years and subjects aged > or = 60 years (P < .05). H. pylori prevalence was higher in females than in males. Of 188 females who participated in the study, H. pylori antigen was detected in 172 (91.5%) versus 144 (85.7%) 168 males (P > .05). Interestingly, H. pylori antigen was detected more often (100%) in the high socioeconomic group than in those of low socioeconomic group (85.9%) (P > .05). The results of this study have revealed a high prevalence of H. pylori antigens in fecal samples of asymptomatic individuals in the Nkonkobe municipality, an indication of active infection. Socioeconomic status, contaminated water, and poor sanitation may play a role in H. pylori transmission in this population. This finding is of public health and epidemiologic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dube
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Shi R, Xu S, Zhang H, Ding Y, Sun G, Huang X, Chen X, Li X, Yan Z, Zhang G. Prevalence and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese populations. Helicobacter 2008; 13:157-165. [PMID: 18321305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is higher in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection in areas with high prevalence of gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China. METHODS A prospective epidemiologic survey of H. pylori infection was accomplished in a natural population of 1457 individuals in Xiangshui and Gaoyou counties, Jiangsu Province, China. Questionnaires and laboratory tests for H. pylori infection ((13)C-urea breath test and serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori) were used and performed, respectively. RESULT Among 1371 subjects who completed questionnaires and H. pylori detection, 851 (62%) were H. pylori positive. The prevalence reached a peak at the age of 30-40 years (67%). There was no sex difference. The annual family income level was shown to be positively correlated with the risk of H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was also associated with family size, education level, and several diet-related factors, such as the number of times cooked rice and potatoes eaten per week, and a family history of stomach diseases. Compared to nonsymptomatic individuals, people with dyspeptic symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and belching) presented a low prevalence of H. pylori infection. No association between H. pylori prevalence and smoking or drinking was found. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, annual family income and education level were the independent predictors for H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION High prevalence of H. pylori infection was found in areas with a high risk of gastric cancer and was related to several risk factors. The underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Hamed SA, Amine NF, Galal GM, Helal SR, Tag El-Din LM, Shawky OA, Ahmed EA, Abdel Rahman MS. Vascular risks and complications in diabetes mellitus: the role of helicobacter pylori infection. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2008; 17:86-94. [PMID: 18346651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at risk for Helicobacter pylori infection. This infection has been linked to atherosclerosis and its vascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the: (1) prevalence of H pylori infection in patients with DM; (2) association between diabetic vascular complications and H pylori infection; and (3) influence of H pylori infection on atherosclerosis and inflammatory biomarkers. In this study, we evaluated 80 patients with DM for atherosclerosis; cardiac, cerebral, and peripheral vascular diseases; retinopathy; neuropathy; and nephropathy. We estimated the blood levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, complete blood cell count, erythrocytic sedimentation rate, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and anti-H pylori IgG antibodies. H pylori infection was detected in 85% of patients versus 76.7% for control subjects. Carotid artery intima-media thickness was significant in H pylori-infected patients. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly associated with H pylori infection. In multivariate analysis, blood glucose, triglycerides, erythrocytic sedimentation rate, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased the odds for atherothrombotic cause of cerebral ischemia in H pylori infection. We concluded that H pylori infection is common in DM and seems to be linked to the presence of atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular stroke. This effect could be mediated by increasing cytokine levels.
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Azevedo NF, Guimarães N, Figueiredo C, Keevil CW, Vieira MJ. A new model for the transmission of Helicobacter pylori: role of environmental reservoirs as gene pools to increase strain diversity. Crit Rev Microbiol 2007; 33:157-69. [PMID: 17653985 DOI: 10.1080/10408410701451922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five years after the first successful cultivation and isolation of Helicobacter pylori, the scientific community is still struggling to understand the way(s) this bacterium is transmitted among the human population. Here, both epidemiologic and microbiologic evidence addressing this matter is reviewed and explored to conclude that most H. pylori successful colonizations are derived from direct person-to-person contact and that even though exposure of humans to H. pylori from environmental sources is a very common event, in most occasions the host is able to fight off infection. In addition, under a new model developed here, we propose that the near elimination of environmental reservoirs is the main responsible for the lower prevalence observed in the more industrialized countries by acting on two levels: by decreasing the number of direct infections and by diminishing the number of intraspecies recombination events for producing strain variation within H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Azevedo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Yim JY, Kim N, Choi SH, Kim YS, Cho KR, Kim SS, Seo GS, Kim HU, Baik GH, Sin CS, Cho SH, Oh BH. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in South Korea. Helicobacter 2007; 12:333-40. [PMID: 17669107 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2007.00504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases have been widely recognized. The aims of this study were to investigate the interval change of seropositivity of H. pylori between 1998 and 2005 in Korean adult population and to find the factors related to H. pylori infection. METHODS Between January and December of 2005, a total of 15,916 health check-up subjects (aged > or = 16 years) from all parts of South Korea responded to the questionnaire, and the prevalence of H. pylori was investigated by measuring anti-H pylori IgG antibodies. The seropositivity in asymptomatic subjects (aged > or = 16 years) was compared with that of 1998, which was surveyed by the Korean H. pylori Study Group. RESULTS The overall seropositivity rate (aged > or = 16 years) was 56.0%, and 13.9% of seropositive subjects were found to have a history of H. pylori eradication therapy. With the exclusion of subjects who had a history of H. pylori eradication and current gastrointestinal symptoms, the seropositivity rate of H. pylori became 59.6% in 8020 subjects. Seroprevalence of H. pylori was significantly higher in subjects aged 50-59 years, males, low income group, and subjects from provinces. The seroprevalence in 2005 (59.6%) significantly decreased compared with that of 1998 (66.9%), and the decrease was significant in subjects aged < 70 years, Seoul and Gyeonggi province (which is close to Seoul). CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of H. pylori in asymptomatic health check-up adult subjects in 2005 decreased to 59.6% from 66.9% in 1998, probably as a result of the improvement of socioeconomic status and hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yoon Yim
- Healthcare System GangNam Center, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
About half of the world's population is estimated to be infected with Helicobacter pylori, a gastric bacterium that contributes to the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. H. pylori is more prevalent in low-income areas of the world and social and economic development decreases the prevalence as reflected in comparisons both within and between countries. The infection is typically acquired in early childhood and once established commonly persists throughout life unless treated. Person-to-person transmission within the family appears to be the predominant mode of transmission, particularly from mothers to children and among siblings, indicating that intimate contact is important. The route of transmission is uncertain, but the gastro-oral, oral-oral and faecal-oral routes are likely possibilities. Hence, gastroenteritis may facilitate dissemination of the infection. The community and environment may play additional roles for H. pylori transmission in some (low-income) settings. Furthermore, host and bacterial factors may modify the probabilities of acquisition and persistence of the infection. The understanding of H. pylori occurrence and transmission is of practical importance if future study deems prevention of the infection desirable in some high-prevalence populations. The present paper reviews aspects of H. pylori occurrence and transmission with an emphasis on household factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Kivi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center (MTC) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Differences may occur in the mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori between developed and developing countries: direct human-to-human contacts have been suggested as the primary route in the former while the fecal-oral route, also, through contaminated water, in the latter. Data on intrafamilial transmission of H. pylori among children continue to be produced. The importance of low socioeconomic conditions on the acquisition of H. pylori infection has been confirmed in a number of population-based studies. Due to the improvement of living standards, the prevalence of the infection has fallen dramatically in many countries. It varies from 8.9 to 72.8% among children from developed and developing countries, respectively, the re-infection rate being also significantly higher in the latter. Conflicting data have been reported on the effect of breastfeeding against H. pylori colonization in infancy as well as on the occupational risk for acquiring H. pylori. This review summarizes recent results from the literature on these topics.
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