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Yekani M, Dastgir M, Fattahi S, Shahi S, Maleki Dizaj S, Memar MY. Microbiological and molecular aspects of periodontitis pathogenesis: an infection-induced inflammatory condition. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025; 15:1533658. [PMID: 40406516 PMCID: PMC12095233 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1533658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is the most common oral infectious disease. The primary etiologic cause of the onset and development of PD is dental plaque, which consists of bacterial biofilm domiciled within a complex extracellular mass. In PD patients, there is a progressive breakdown of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. In more advanced stages, tooth loss occurs. The progression of this chronic inflammatory disease involves interactions among numerous microbial pathogens particularly, bacteria, the host's immune factors, and various environmental factors. Due to persistent infection by periodonto-pathogenic bacteria, there is an impairment of both innate and acquired immunity, leading to tissue destruction. Chronic inflammation in PD may be associated with several systemic diseases, including cardiovascular conditions, respiratory issues, diabetes, neurological diseases, cancer, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Antibiotic treatment is one of the effective strategies for treating PD cases, although the emergence of some resistant strains may limit the effectiveness some antibiotics. In this review study, we discussed the main bacteria in PD, the interaction with the immune response, the pathogenesis of bacteria in PD and antibiotic treatment. We also outlined the emergence of resistance to antibiotics among these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yekani
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Dastgir
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Fattahi
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Aljaberi M, Abdulbaqi HR. Efficacy of Erythritol Air Polishing for Inducing Initial Healing of Shallow-to-Moderate Periodontal Pockets and Restoring Gingival Crevicular Fluid β-Catenin, 8-Hydroxy-Deoxyguanosine and Total Antioxidant Capacity: A Split-Mouth Randomised Clinical Trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 39686830 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of subgingival erythritol powder air polishing (EPAP) for inducing initial healing of shallow-to-moderate periodontal pockets and its effect on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) β-catenin, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. METHODS This randomised, split-mouth clinical trial involved 22 periodontitis patients. Periodontal pockets (4-6 mm) were treated either by scaling and root planing (control) or EPAP followed by subgingival instrumentation 1 month later (test). Clinical periodontal variables were recorded, and GCF samples were collected from the selected sites at baseline, week 4 and week 12 visits. The GCF levels of β-catenin, 8-OHdG and TAC were estimated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared with those at baseline, both groups showed non-different significant reductions in clinical variables at week 4 and week 12 after treatment. GCF β-catenin and 8-OHdG levels at both the test and control sites significantly decreased at week 4 and continued to further decrease at week 12. A greater reduction in GCF β-catenin was detected at the control sites at the week 12 visit. Conversely, GCF TAC was only significantly increased at week 12 in both groups, but the difference between the groups was not significant. CONCLUSION Using of EPAP has the potential to induce initial healing in shallow-to-moderate pockets as it offers non-different changes in clinical outcomes and GCF biomarkers compared to conventional method. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05798871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Aljaberi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hayder Raad Abdulbaqi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Fragkioudakis I, Konstantopoulos G, Kottaridi C, Doufexi AE, Sakellari D. Quantitative assessment of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in peri-implant health and disease: correlation with clinical parameters. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 39601508 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Peri-implantitis poses a significant challenge in oral health due to its complex microbial profile and biofilm-related persistence, complicating both prevention and treatment strategies.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. We hypothesized that biofilm formation by Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis plays a critical role in peri-implantitis by inducing an inflammatory response, contributing to bone loss and implant failure. This study aimed to investigate the presence and quantify C. albicans, S. aureus and S. epidermidis in health and peri-implantitis using quantitative real-time PCR, enhancing our understanding of their roles in peri-implant disease.Aim: To explore the microbial burden of C. albicans, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis in peri-implantitis and healthy conditions, correlating these findings with clinical parameters.Methodology. In this cross-sectional study, 102 patients were recruited from the Department of Periodontology and Implant Biology at Aristotle University, Greece. Participants were divided into healthy/mucositis and peri-implantitis groups. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment levels and bleeding on probing were recorded, and microbiological samples were collected and analysed using real-time PCR, targeting specific genes for the pathogens.Results. Results showed that C. albicans was detected in 3.92 and S. aureus in 9.82% of samples, while S. epidermidis was present in all samples, with significantly higher loads in the peri-implantitis group (404.75 copies µl-1) compared to the healthy/mucositis group (173.04 copies µl-1, P<0.001). Higher concentrations of S. epidermidis correlated with increased probing depth, clinical attachment levels and bleeding on probing.Conclusions. The research strongly emphasizes the notable connection between S. epidermidis and peri-implantitis, indicating its potential impact on the development and progression of the condition. These findings underscore the significance of considering the quantity of S. epidermidis in clinical research aimed at effectively managing patients with peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fragkioudakis
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Konstantopoulos
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christine Kottaridi
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini-Elisavet Doufexi
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Łasica A, Golec P, Laskus A, Zalewska M, Gędaj M, Popowska M. Periodontitis: etiology, conventional treatments, and emerging bacteriophage and predatory bacteria therapies. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1469414. [PMID: 39391608 PMCID: PMC11464445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1469414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory periodontal diseases associated with the accumulation of dental biofilm, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are very common and pose clinical problems for clinicians and patients. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease and when treated quickly and properly is completely reversible. Periodontitis is an advanced and irreversible disease of the periodontium with periods of exacerbations, progressions and remission. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that damages the tissues supporting the tooth in its socket, i.e., the gums, periodontal ligaments, root cementum and bone. Periodontal inflammation is most commonly triggered by bacteria present in excessive accumulations of dental plaque (biofilm) on tooth surfaces. This disease is driven by disproportionate host inflammatory immune responses induced by imbalance in the composition of oral bacteria and changes in their metabolic activities. This microbial dysbiosis favors the establishment of inflammatory conditions and ultimately results in the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Apart microbial shift and host inflammatory response, environmental factors and genetics are also important in etiology In addition to oral tissues destruction, periodontal diseases can also result in significant systemic complications. Conventional methods of periodontal disease treatment (improving oral hygiene, dental biofilm control, mechanical plaque removal, using local or systemic antimicrobial agents) are not fully effective. All this prompts the search for new methods of therapy. Advanced periodontitis with multiple abscesses is often treated with antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin, or combined therapy of amoxicillin with metronidazole. However, due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, treatment does not always achieve the desired therapeutic effect. This review summarizes pathogenesis, current approaches in treatment, limitations of therapy and the current state of research on the possibility of application of bacteriophages and predatory bacteria to combat bacteria responsible for periodontitis. We present the current landscape of potential applications for alternative therapies for periodontitis based on phages and bacteria, and highlight the gaps in existing knowledge that need to be addressed before clinical trials utilizing these therapeutic strategies can be seriously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Łasica
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Golec
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Zalewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gędaj
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Popowska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Leonov G, Salikhova D, Starodubova A, Vasilyev A, Makhnach O, Fatkhudinov T, Goldshtein D. Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis as a Risk Factor for Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1732. [PMID: 39203574 PMCID: PMC11357103 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents a significant global health burden, with a substantial impact on mortality, morbidity, and long-term disability. The examination of stroke biomarkers, particularly the oral microbiome, offers a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of the factors that contribute to stroke risk and for developing strategies to mitigate that risk. This review highlights the significant correlations between oral diseases, such as periodontitis and caries, and the onset of stroke. Periodontal pathogens within the oral microbiome have been identified as a contributing factor in the exacerbation of risk factors for stroke, including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. The alteration of the oral microbiome may contribute to these conditions, emphasizing the vital role of oral health in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The integration of dental and medical health practices represents a promising avenue for enhancing stroke prevention efforts and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy Leonov
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Diana Salikhova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (A.V.); (T.F.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Antonina Starodubova
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Vasilyev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (A.V.); (T.F.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (D.G.)
- E.V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Makhnach
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (A.V.); (T.F.)
| | - Dmitry Goldshtein
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (D.G.)
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Purba MR, Putra MM, Sulijaya B, Widaryono A, Hartono V, Setiadharma Y, Rizany AK, Tadjoedin FM, Lachica MRCT. Effect of mobile app-based oral hygiene instructions on clinical parameters, oral bacterial diversity, and composition of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis patients. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2372206. [PMID: 38948658 PMCID: PMC11212576 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2372206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral hygiene instruction (OHI) is essential during periodontitis treatment. Various OHI approaches have been explored, including mobile apps. Objective To evaluate the mobile app-based OHI's effect on periodontitis management by analyzing clinical parameters and subgingival microbiota. Methods Forty-four periodontitis patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The test group (n = 22) received scaling and root planing (SRP), OHI, and mobile app-based OHI, whereas the control group (n = 22) received SRP and OHI. Full mouth plaque score (FMPS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth at the sampling sites (site-PPD) were assessed at baseline, one- and three-month visits. The 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to analyze subgingival plaque samples. Results Significant reduction in FMPS, BOP, and site-PPD at one- and three-month visits compared to baseline (p < 0.001) with no significant differences across groups (p > 0.05). In test groups, intra-group analysis showed better improvement in BOP and site-PPD (p < 0.05) than control. The diversity and composition of subgingival microbiota did not differ between groups or timepoints (p > 0.05). Conclusions Mobile app-based OHI showed no superior effects on improving clinical parameters and subgingival microbiota compared to conventional OHI. Further investigation into its long-term impact on periodontitis treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Rabekka Purba
- Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mardikacandra Manggala Putra
- Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Dental Division, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Adityo Widaryono
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Valdy Hartono
- Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Setiadharma
- Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Mayr A, Ciper N, Wahl G, Wildenhof J, Frede S, Kirschneck C, Jäger A, Götz W, Beisel-Memmert S. Longitudinal analysis of microcirculatory parameters in gingival tissues after tooth extraction in patients with different risk profiles for wound healing disorders - a pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:303. [PMID: 38714559 PMCID: PMC11076346 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to establish a risk profile for intraoral wound healing disorders based on measurements of microcirculation in gingival tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oxygen saturation (SO2) and blood flow in gingival tissues were measured with tissue spectrometry and laser doppler spectroscopy in 37 patients before/after tooth extractions. Patients were assigned to four groups: anamnestically and periodontally healthy patients (n = 7), anamnestically healthy but suffering from periodontitis (n = 10), anamnestically healthy but smoking and suffering from periodontitis (n = 10) and suffering from diabetes and periodontitis (n = 10). Measurements were performed at three different time points: Baseline measurement (T0), one day post extractionem (p.e.) (T1) and seven days p.e. (T2). RESULTS Baseline SO2 values were higher in control patients (p = .038). This effect was most evident in comparison to smokers suffering from periodontitis (p = .042), followed by diabetics suffering from periodontitis (p = .09). An opposite trend was seen for blood flow. Patients suffering from periodontitis demonstrated higher blood flow values (p = .012). Five patients, which belonged to the group of smokers suffering from periodontitis, showed clinically a delayed wound healing. CONCLUSION Differences in SO2 and blood flow of gingival tissue could be detected in different groups of patients with existing periodontitis compared to control patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lower baseline SO2 values could be a warning signal for possible wound healing disorders after oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mayr
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadja Ciper
- Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wahl
- Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Wildenhof
- Private Clinic Schloss Schellenstein, Olsberg, Germany
| | - Stilla Frede
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Beisel-Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany.
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Zhong S, Yang J, Huang H. The role of single and mixed biofilms in Clostridioides difficile infection and strategies for prevention and inhibition. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:285-299. [PMID: 36939635 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2189950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a serious disease with a high recurrence rate. The single and mixed biofilms formed by C. difficile in the gut contribute to the formation of recurrent CDI (rCDI). In parallel, other gut microbes influence the formation and development of C. difficile biofilms, also known as symbiotic biofilms. Interactions between members within the symbiotic biofilm are associated with the worsening or alleviation of CDI. These interactions include effects on C. difficile adhesion and chemotaxis, modulation of LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) system activity, promotion of cross-feeding by microbial metabolites, and regulation of intestinal bile acid and pyruvate levels. In the process of C. difficile biofilms control, inhibition of C. difficile initial biofilm formation and killing of C. difficile vegetative cells and spores are the main targets of action. The role of symbiotic biofilms in CDI suggested that targeting interventions of C. difficile-promoting gut microbes could indirectly inhibit the formation of C. difficile mixed biofilms and improved the ultimate therapeutic effect. In summary, this review outlines the mechanisms of C. difficile biofilm formation and summarises the treatment strategies for such single and mixed biofilms, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiwei Zhong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingpeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Radu CM, Radu CC, Arbănaşi EM, Hogea T, Murvai VR, Chiș IA, Zaha DC. Exploring the Efficacy of Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Periodontitis: A Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:468. [PMID: 38672739 PMCID: PMC11050937 DOI: 10.3390/life14040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a prevalent oral condition, is facing difficulties in therapeutic approaches, sometimes leading to failure. This literature review was conducted to investigate the diversity of other therapeutic approaches and their potential contributions to the successful management of the disease. This research scrutinized the alterations in microbial diversity and imbalances in crucial microbial species, which contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Within the limitations of this study, we highlight the importance of understanding the treatment plan's role in periodontitis disease, opening the way for further research and innovative treatment plans to mitigate the impact of periodontitis on oral health. This will aid both healthcare professionals and patients in preventing and effectively treating periodontitis, ultimately improving oral health outcomes and overall systemic health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra-Maria Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Carmen Corina Radu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil-Marian Arbănaşi
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mureș County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timur Hogea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, 540141 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Viorela Romina Murvai
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana-Andreea Chiș
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Carmen Zaha
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq, 410028 Oradea, Romania
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Wong I, Ton A, Cassidy AJ, Fozzard N, Sharma LA, Love RM, Sharma A. A retrospective study on the prognostic factors and success, survival, and failure outcomes of treated endodontic-periodontal lesions. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:10.1002/cre2.848. [PMID: 38345476 PMCID: PMC10832312 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this retrospective study was to determine possible prognostic factors of endodontic-periodontal lesions and to compare success, survival, and failure outcomes of treated endodontic-periodontal lesions across different treatment modalities, demographic variables, and anatomical tooth variations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was collected from patient records in the patient management system (Salud, Titanium Solutions) from the Griffith University Dental Clinic between January 2008 and December 2021. The search strategy used the terms "endodontic periodontal lesion," "periodontal endodontic lesion," "endo perio lesion," "perio endo lesion," and "EPL." The 88 cases which met inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. RESULTS The overall success rate was 46.6%, with 21.6% of teeth surviving and 31.8% of teeth failing. Bone loss extending to the apical third (OR = 0.3, 95% CI [0.104, 0.866]), and probing depths of 5-7 mm (OR = 0.147, 95% CI [0.034, 0.633]) and 8-10 mm (OR = 0.126, 95% CI [0.029, 0.542]) were associated with a statistically significant lower odds of success (p < .05). A history of no periodontal disease (OR = 7.705, 95% CI [1.603, 37.037]) was associated with a statistically significant higher odds of success (p < .05). CONCLUSION Practitioners should be aware of bone loss to the apical third, deep probing depths, and a history of periodontal disease as possible prognostic factors that can affect the success rate when treating endodontic-periodontal lesions. Further research with more stringent control over operator factors should be done to investigate these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Wong
- School of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversitySouthportAustralia
| | - An Ton
- School of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversitySouthportAustralia
| | - Amiel J. Cassidy
- School of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversitySouthportAustralia
| | - Nicolette Fozzard
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesGriffith UniversitySouthportAustralia
| | | | - Robert M. Love
- School of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversitySouthportAustralia
| | - Ajay Sharma
- School of Medicine and DentistryGriffith UniversitySouthportAustralia
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Zhu D, Qiao P, Zhou Q, Sun H, Xin B, Wu B, Tang C. Effect of 15 days -6° head-down bed rest on microbial communities of supragingival plaque in young men. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1331023. [PMID: 38328428 PMCID: PMC10849213 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1331023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microgravity environment astronauts experience during spaceflight can lead to an increased risk of oral diseases and possible changes in oral microecology. In this study, we aimed to assess changes in the microbial community of supragingival plaques to explore the effects of spaceflight microgravity environment on oral microecology. Methods Sixteen healthy male volunteers were recruited, and supragingival plaque samples were collected under -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) at five-time points: day 1 before HDBR; days 5, 10, and 15 of HDBR; and day 6 of recovery. Bacterial genomic DNA was sequenced using gene sequencing technology with 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid V3-V4 hypervariable region amplification and the obtained data were analyzed bioinformatically. Results Alpha diversity analysis showed a significant increase in species richness in supragingival plaque samples on day 15 of HDBR compared with that at pre-HDBR. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the community composition differed among the groups. Species distribution showed that, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundances of Corynebacterium and Aggregatibacter increased significantly during HDBR, while those of Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Lautropia decreased significantly. Moreover, compared with those at pre-HDBR, the relative abundance of Leptotrichia increased significantly on day 6 of recovery, whereas the relative abundances of Porphyromonas and Streptococcus decreased significantly. Network analysis showed that the interaction relationship between the dominant genera became simpler during HDBR, and the positive and negative correlations between them showed dynamic changes. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis showed that the amino acid metabolism function of plaque microorganisms was more enriched during HDBR. Discussion In summary, in a 15-day simulated microgravity environment, the diversity, species distribution, interaction relationship, and metabolic function of the supragingival plaque microbial community changed, which suggests that microgravity may affect the oral microecosystem by changing the balance of supragingival plaque microbial communities and further leading to the occurrence and development of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- 306th Clinical College of PLA, The Fifth Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- 306th Clinical College of PLA, The Fifth Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingmu Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Human Circadian Rhythm and Sleep, Space Science and Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Wu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chuhua Tang
- 306th Clinical College of PLA, The Fifth Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
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Eggers B, Stope MB, Marciniak J, Mustea A, Eick S, Deschner J, Nokhbehsaim M, Kramer FJ. Non-Invasive Physical Plasma Reduces the Inflammatory Response in Microbially Prestimulated Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16156. [PMID: 38003346 PMCID: PMC10671174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP), an electrically conductive gas, is playing an increasingly important role in medicine due to its antimicrobial and regenerative properties. However, NIPP is not yet well established in dentistry, although it has promising potential, especially for periodontological applications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of NIPP on a commercially available human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell line and primary HGFs in the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria. First, primary HGFs from eight patients were characterised by immunofluorescence, and cell numbers were examined by an automatic cell counter over 5 days. Then, HGFs that were preincubated with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n.) were treated with NIPP. Afterwards, the IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the cell supernatants were determined by ELISA. In HGFs, F.n. caused a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-8, and this F.n.-induced upregulation of both cytokines was counteracted by NIPP, suggesting a beneficial effect of physical plasma on periodontal cells in a microbial environment. The application of NIPP in periodontal therapy could therefore represent a novel and promising strategy and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Eggers
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bernhard Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Jana Marciniak
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (M.B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Franz-Josef Kramer
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
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Ardila CM, Jiménez-Arbeláez GA, Vivares-Builes AM. A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies Using Microchip Platforms for Identifying Periodontopathogens from the Red Complex. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:245. [PMID: 37999009 PMCID: PMC10670886 DOI: 10.3390/dj11110245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, collectively recognized as periodontopathogens within the red complex, have been extensively studied in clinical samples collected from individuals with periodontitis. A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniature mechanism that integrates various laboratory operations onto a single microchip or a small-scale platform. This systematic review evaluates the application of LOC technology in identifying microorganisms from the red complex. This study adhered to PRISMA recommendations, and the review process encompassed several databases. In the electronic search, a total of 58 reports were found, and ultimately, 10 studies were considered relevant for inclusion. All these studies described effective, rapid, and reliable LOC systems for detecting and amplifying P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. Compared to traditional methods, the LOC approach demonstrated minimal reagent requirements. Additionally, the results indicated that the amplification process took approximately 2 to 8 min, while detection could be completed in as little as 2 min and 40 s, resulting in a total experimental duration of around 11 min. Integrating miniaturization, speed, accuracy, and automation within microchip platforms makes them promising tools for detecting and amplifying microorganisms associated with the red complex in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Ardila
- Basic Studies Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A. Jiménez-Arbeláez
- School of Dentistry, Institución Universitaria Visión de Las Américas, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (G.A.J.-A.); (A.M.V.-B.)
| | - Annie Marcela Vivares-Builes
- School of Dentistry, Institución Universitaria Visión de Las Américas, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (G.A.J.-A.); (A.M.V.-B.)
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Ardila CM, Bedoya-García JA, Arrubla-Escobar DE. Antibiotic resistance in periodontitis patients: A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2501-2511. [PMID: 35735133 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and proportions of antibiotic-resistant species in periodontitis patients. METHODS A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews involving different databases. MeSH terms and keywords were provided to examine only RCTs with antibiotic-resistant results that included at least 3 months of follow-up of systematically healthy patients diagnosed with periodontitis and treated with systemic or local antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival debridement. RCTs that managed participants surgically, duplicate publications, and investigations implemented on animals were discarded. RESULTS Six RCTs were chosen. These studies included 465 patients. Most investigations observed that while Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis had low resistance to amoxicillin, microorganisms in many sites showed resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and azithromycin pretreatment. A. actinomycetemcomitans showed high resistance to tetracycline pre- and post-therapy. The proportion of antibiotic-resistant samples augmented rapidly after the prescription of antibiotics in all test groups. The percentage of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms decreased over time; at the end of the follow-up period, resistance levels were close to baseline levels. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive local and systemic antibiotic treatment temporarily increased the antibiotic resistance of subgingival microorganisms; nonetheless, many bacteria remained susceptible to antibiotics during their administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-M Ardila
- Universidad de Antioquia U de A, Medellín, Colombia
- Biomedical Stomatology Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia U de A, Medellín, Colombia
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Kzar WA, Abbas RF, Hussein HM. The Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as a Predictor Biomarker for Periodontitis with the Presence and Absence of Smoking: A Case-Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:5581267. [PMID: 37711877 PMCID: PMC10499532 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5581267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Background A major issue is finding a valid biomarker able to diagnose periodontal disease with the presence and absence of risk factors. Indeed, the association between smoking and periodontal diseases and its impact on the manifestation of antimicrobial peptides has been delineated in clinical and epidemiological investigations. The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37) is pivotal in preserving periodontal health. Objectives This investigation examines and contrasts the levels of cathelicidin in the saliva of smokers and nonsmokers of periodontitis. The study also seeks to establish this biomarker's diagnostic ability to differentiate between periodontal health and disease. Materials and Methods The study involved the collection of unstimulated saliva samples from 160 participants, comprising 80 patients diagnosed with periodontitis (40 of whom were smokers and 40 were nonsmokers) and 80 periodontitis-free individuals (40 smokers and 40 nonsmokers). The clinical periodontal parameters were assessed, including recording the probing pocket depth, the level of clinical attachment, and the percentage of bleeding on probing. Subsequently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted to quantify the protein levels of LL-37 in the saliva samples obtained from the subjects mentioned above. Results The highest level of salivary LL-37 was found in the nonsmoker periodontitis (NSP) patients, followed by the group of smoker periodontitis (SP) and then nonsmoker healthy (NSH) group, while the lowest level was found in the healthy smoker (HS) group. At the same time, the LL-37 seems to be a very good biomarker in differentiating periodontal health from disease with the presence and absence of smoking. Conclusion Periodontitis results in a significant elevation of salivary LL-37 levels in smoker and nonsmoker patients compared to healthy individuals. These levels are positively correlated with the periodontal parameter and can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool to predict periodontitis, whereas smoking significantly reduces these levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abdulazeez Kzar
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raghad Fadhil Abbas
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hashim Mueen Hussein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Damanaki A, Beisel-Memmert S, Nokhbehsaim M, Abedi A, Rath-Deschner B, Nogueira AVB, Deschner J. Influence of Occlusal Hypofunction on Alveolar Bone Healing in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9744. [PMID: 37298695 PMCID: PMC10253992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the effect of occlusal hypofunction on alveolar bone healing in the absence or presence of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD). A standardized fenestration defect over the root of the mandibular first molar in 15 Wistar rats was created. Occlusal hypofunction was induced by extraction of the antagonist. Regenerative therapy was performed by applying EMD to the fenestration defect. The following three groups were established: (a) normal occlusion without EMD treatment, (b) occlusal hypofunction without EMD treatment, and (c) occlusal hypofunction with EMD treatment. After four weeks, all animals were sacrificed, and histological (hematoxylin and eosin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) as well as immunohistochemical analyses (periostin, osteopontin, osteocalcin) were performed. The occlusal hypofunction group showed delayed bone regeneration compared to the group with normal occlusion. The application of EMD could partially, but not completely, compensate for the inhibitory effects of occlusal hypofunction on bone healing, as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry for the aforementioned molecules. Our results suggest that normal occlusal loading, but not occlusal hypofunction, is beneficial to alveolar bone healing. Adequate occlusal loading appears to be as advantageous for alveolar bone healing as the regenerative potential of EMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damanaki
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Beisel-Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali Abedi
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgit Rath-Deschner
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andressa V. B. Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Mensi M, Caselli E, D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Farina R, Scotti E, Guarnelli ME, Fabbri C, Garzetti G, Marchetti S, Sordillo A, Trombelli L. Efficacy of the additional use of subgingival air-polishing with erythritol powder in the treatment of periodontitis patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Part II: effect on sub-gingival microbiome. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2547-2563. [PMID: 36538094 PMCID: PMC10264538 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, scarce evidence exists around the application of subgingival air-polishing during treatment of severe periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the health-related and periodontitis-related subgingival microbiome of air-polishing during non-surgical treatment of deep bleeding pockets in stage III-IV periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with stage III-IV periodontitis were selected, and pockets with probing depth (PD) 5-9 mm and bleeding on probing were selected as experimental sites. All patients underwent a full-mouth session of erythritol powder supragingival air-polishing and ultrasonic instrumentation. Test group received additional subgingival air-polishing at experimental sites. Subgingival microbial samples were taken from the maxillary experimental site showing the deepest PD at baseline. Primary outcome of the first part of the present study was the 3-month change in the number of experimental sites. Additional analysis of periodontal pathogens and other sub-gingival plaque bacteria sampled at one experimental site at baseline and 3 months following treatment was performed through a real-time quantitative PCR microarray. RESULTS In the test group, a statistical increase of some health-related species was observed (Abiotropha defectiva, Capnocytophaga sputigena, and Lautropia mirabilis), together with the decrease of pathogens such as of Actinomyces israelii, Catonella morbi, Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Sele-nomonas sputigena, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Treponema socranskii. In the control group, statistical significance was found only in the decrease of Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema socranskii. CONCLUSIONS The addition of erythritol-chlorhexidine powder seems to cause a shift of the periodontal micro-biome toward a more eubiotic condition compared to a conventional treatment. The study was registered on Clinical Trials.gov (NCT04264624). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Subgingival air-polishing could help re-establishing a eubiotic microbioma in deep bleeding periodontal pockets after initial non-surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Mensi
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology and LTTA, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology and LTTA, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology and LTTA, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scotti
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Guarnelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Garzetti
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchetti
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sordillo
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL), Ferrara, Italy
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Shirmohammadi A, Maleki Dizaj S, Sharifi S, Fattahi S, Negahdari R, Ghavimi MA, Memar MY. Promising Antimicrobial Action of Sustained Released Curcumin-Loaded Silica Nanoparticles against Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis. Diseases 2023; 11:diseases11010048. [PMID: 36975597 PMCID: PMC10047251 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) has always been one of the leading causes of periodontal disease, and antibiotics are commonly used to control it. Numerous side effects of synthetic drugs, as well as the spread of drug resistance, have led to a tendency toward using natural antimicrobials, such as curcumin. The present study aimed to prepare and physicochemically characterize curcumin-loaded silica nanoparticles and to detect their antimicrobial effects on P. gingivalis. METHODS Curcumin-loaded silica nanoparticles were prepared using the chemical precipitation method and then were characterized using conventional methods (properties such as the particle size, drug loading percentage, and release pattern). P. gingivalis was isolated from one patient with chronic periodontal diseases. The patient's gingival crevice fluid was sampled using sterile filter paper and was transferred to the microbiology laboratory in less than 30 min. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the sensitivity of clinically isolated P. gingivalis to curcumin-loaded silica nanoparticles. SPSS software, version 20, was used to compare the data between groups with a p value of <0.05 as the level of significance. Then, one-way ANOVA testing was utilized to compare the groups. RESULTS The curcumin-loaded silica nanoparticles showed a nanometric size and a drug loading percentage of 68% for curcumin. The nanoparticles had a mesoporous structure and rod-shaped morphology. They showed a relatively rapid release pattern in the first 5 days. The release of the drug from the nanoparticles continued slowly until the 45th day. The results of in vitro antimicrobial tests showed that P. gingivalis was sensitive to the curcumin-loaded silica nanoparticles at concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 µg/mL. One-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the mean growth inhibition zone, and the concentration of 50 µg/mL showed the highest inhibition zone (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the local nanocurcumin application for periodontal disease and implant-related infections can be considered a promising method for the near future in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adileh Shirmohammadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166, Iran
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166, Iran
| | - Shirin Fattahi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166, Iran
| | - Ramin Negahdari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghavimi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166, Iran
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Tennert C, Sarra G, Stähli A, Sculean A, Eick S. Bovine Milk and Yogurt Affect Oral Microorganisms and Biofilms In-Vitro. ORAL HEALTH & PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY 2023; 21:69-76. [PMID: 36825640 PMCID: PMC11619837 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b3920023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of bovine milk and yogurt on selected oral microorganisms and different oral biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Milk was prepared from 0.5% fat (low-fat) and 16% fat (high fat) milk powder. For yogurt preparation, the strains Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgarcius and Streptococcus thermophilus were added to the milk. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal microbiocidal concentrations (MMC) of the test compounds were measured against various microorganisms by the microbroth dilution technique. Cariogenic periodontal biofilms and one containing Candida were created on plastic surfaces coated with test substances. Further, preformed biofilms were exposed to the test substances at a concentration of 100% for 10 min and thereafter 10% for 50 min. Both colony forming units (cfu) and metabolic activity were quantified in the biofilms. RESULTS Neither high-fat milk, low-fat milk nor casein inhibited the growth of any species. Yogurt and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus at low MIC and MMC suppressed the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other bacteria associated with periodontal disease. High-fat yogurt decreased cfu in the forming periodontal biofilm by 90%. Both low- and high-fat yogurts reduced metabolic activity in newly forming and preformed periodontal and Candida biofilms, but not in the cariogenic biofilm. CONCLUSIONS Yogurt and L. delbru eckii ssp. bulgaricus, but not milk, were bactericidal against periodontopathogenic bacteria. Yoghurt reduced the metabolic activity of a Candida biofilm and a periodontal biofilm. Yogurt and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus may have potential in prevention and therapy of periodontal diseases and Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tennert
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland. Idea, hypothesis, financial support, wrote the manuscript, contributed substantially to discussion
| | - Giada Sarra
- Dentist, Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland. Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland. Performed the experiments, contributed substantially to discussion
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Periodontist, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland. Contributed substantially to discussion
| | - Anton Sculean
- Professor and Chair, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland. Proofread the manuscript
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland. Idea, hypothesis, experimental design, wrote the manuscript, consulted on and performed statistical evaluation
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Suo L, Wu H, Wang P, Xue Z, Gao J, Shen J. The improvement of periodontal tissue regeneration using a 3D-printed carbon nanotube/chitosan/sodium alginate composite scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:73-84. [PMID: 35841326 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a common disease in the oral field, and many researchers are studying periodontal disease and try to find some biological scaffold materials to make periodontal tissue regenerative. In this study, we attempted to construct a carbon nanotube/chitosan/sodium alginate (CNT/CS/AL) ternary composite hydrogel and then prepare porous scaffold by 3D printing technology. Subsequently, characterizing the materials and testing the mechanical properties of the scaffold. Additionally, its effect on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and its antibacterial effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected. We found that CNT/CS/AL porous composite scaffolds with uniform pores could be successfully prepared. Moreover, with increasing CNT concentration, the degradation rate and the swelling degree of scaffold showed a downward trend. The compressive strength test indicated the elastic modulus of composite scaffolds ranged from 18 to 80 kPa, and 1% CNT/CS/AL group had the highest quantitative value. Subsequently, cell experiments showed that the CNT/CS/AL scaffold had good biocompatibility and could promote the proliferation of hPDLCs. Among 0.1%-1% CNT/CS/AL groups, the biocompatibility of 0.5% CNT/CS/AL scaffold performed best. Meanwhile, in vitro antibacterial experiments showed that the CNT/CS/AL scaffold had a certain bacteriostatic effect on P. gingivalis. When the concentration of CNT was more than 0.5%, the antimicrobial activity of composite scaffold was significantly promoted, and about 30% bacteria were inactivated. In conclusion, this 3D-printed CNT/CS/AL composite scaffold, with good material properties, biocompatibility and bacteriostatic activity, may be used for periodontal tissue regeneration, providing a new avenue for the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Suo
- Department of International VIP Dental Clinic, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongshan Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Puyu Wang
- Department II of Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijun Xue
- Department II of Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of International VIP Dental Clinic, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of International VIP Dental Clinic, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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21
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Chen WD, Zhang X, Zhang MJ, Zhang YP, Shang ZQ, Xin YW, Zhang Y. Salivary Fusobacterium nucleatum serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4120-4132. [PMID: 36157109 PMCID: PMC9403436 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i30.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most common tumors, gastric cancer (GC) has a high mortality rate, since current examination approaches cannot achieve early diagnosis. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) primarily colonized in the oral cavity, has been reported to be involved in the development of gastrointestinal tumor. Until now, little is known about the relationship between salivary Fn and GC.
AIM To determine whether salivary Fn could be a biomarker to diagnose GC and explore the influence of Fn on GC cells.
METHODS The abundance of Fn in saliva was quantified by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in 120 GC patients, 31 atrophic gastritis (AG) patients, 35 non-AG (NAG) patients, 26 gastric polyp (GP) patients, and 20 normal controls (NC) from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2019 to December 2020. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of Fn as well as traditional serum tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, and CA72-4. Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were conducted to assess the influence of Fn infection on GC cells. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was detected using western blot assay.
RESULTS We found that the level of salivary Fn in GC patients was significantly increased compared with those in AG, NAG, and GP patients and NC (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed a favorable capability of Fn (73.33% sensitivity; 82.14% specificity; area under the curve: 0.813) in GC diagnosis, which was superior to that of CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4, ferritin, and sialic acid. The Fn level in saliva of GC patients was increased as the TNM stage increased. GC patients with lymph node metastasis had higher Fn levels than those without metastasis. Both transwell and wound-healing assays indicated that Fn infection promoted the migration and invasion of GC cells. Western blot analysis showed that Fn infection decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased the expressions of N-cadherin, vimentin, and snail.
CONCLUSION Fn abundance in saliva could be used as a promising biomarker to diagnose GC, and Fn infection could promote GC metastasis by accelerating the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Qi Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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22
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Han SJ. The Use of Interdental Care Products in Korean Adults Aged 30 Years and Older and Factors Affecting Their Use: 4th to 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148639. [PMID: 35886497 PMCID: PMC9323650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to review the use of interdental care products (ICPs) among adults in Korea, reconfirm their relevance to periodontal health, and identify factors affecting the use of ICPs. Data from 2007 to 2018 from the National Health Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) were used, and 43,069 adults (18,412 men, 24,657 women) aged 30 years or older were included. The frequency and percentage of ICP use according to the characteristics of the subjects are presented. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the factors affecting ICP use. The ICP usage rate of participants in the KNHANES phase gradually increased to 22.8% in the 4th, 26.4% in the 5th, and 38.0% in the 6th phase and then decreased to 36.3% in the 7th phase. The adjusted OR values for periodontal health in ICP users were 0.721 for gingivitis and 0.642 for periodontitis, confirming that ICP was associated with a lower prevalence of these conditions. Sex, age, educational level, household income, toothbrushing, and dental check-ups were related to ICP use in all phases. ICP was associated with improved periodontal health, but its use rate was very low. Therefore, oral health professionals should educate adults on the use of ICP, particularly interdental brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Han
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
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23
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The In-Vitro Activity of a Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device Utilizing Ambient Air against Bacteria and Biofilms Associated with Periodontal or Peri-Implant Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060752. [PMID: 35740158 PMCID: PMC9219831 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its antimicrobial and healing-promoting effects, the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) appears to be a promising modality in various fields of general medicine and dentistry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of a handheld device utilizing ambient air for plasma generation. Suspensions of 11 oral bacteria (among them Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Streptococcus gordonii, and Tannerella forsythia) were exposed to CAP for 10, 30, 60, and 120 s. Before and after treatment, colony forming unit (CFU) counts were determined. Then, 12-species biofilms were cultured on dentin and titanium specimens, and CAP was applied for 30, 60, and 120 s before quantifying CFU counts, biofilm mass, and metabolic activity. A reduction of ≥3 log10 CFU, was found for ten out of the eleven tested species at 30 s (except for T. forsythia) and for all species at 60 s. For biofilm grown on dentin and titanium specimens, the log10 reductions were 2.43 log10 CFU/specimen and by about 4 log10 CFU/specimen after 120 s of CAP. The CAP application did not reduce the biomass significantly, the metabolic activity of the biofilms on dentin and titanium decreased by 98% and 95% after 120 s of CAP. An application of 120 s of CAP had no cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts and significantly increased the adhesion of gingival fibroblasts to the titanium surface. These results are promising and underline the potential of CAP for implementation in periodontal and peri-implantitis therapy.
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Abdelbary MMH, Schittenhelm F, Yekta-Michael SS, Reichert S, Schulz S, Kasaj A, Braun A, Conrads G, Stein JM. Impact of Three Nonsurgical, Full-Mouth Periodontal Treatments on Total Bacterial Load and Selected Pathobionts. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:686. [PMID: 35625330 PMCID: PMC9138013 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For the treatment of periodontitis stage III/IV, a quadrant/week-wise debridement (Q-SRP) was compared with three full-mouth approaches: full-mouth scaling (FMS, accelerated Q-SRP within 24 h), full-mouth scaling with chlorhexidine-based disinfection (FMD), and FMD with adjuvant erythritol air polishing (FMDAP). The objective of this prospective, randomized study (a substudy of ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03509233) was to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of the treatments. In total, 105 patients were randomized to one of the four aforementioned treatment groups, with n = 25, 28, 27, and 25 patients allocated to each group, respectively. At baseline and 3 and 6 months after treatment, the clinical parameters, including the pocket probing depths, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing, were recorded, and the prevalence of the total bacteria and four periodontal pathobionts (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia) was determined using real-time quantitative PCR. Concerning the clinical outcomes, all the treatment modalities were effective, but the full-mouth approaches, especially FMDAP, were slightly superior to Q-SRP. Using the FMD approach, the reduction in the bacterial load and the number of pathobionts was significantly greater than for FMS, followed by Q-SRP. FMDAP was the least effective protocol for microbial reduction. However, after a temporary increase 3 months after therapy using FMDAP, a significant decrease in the key pathogen, P. gingivalis, was observed. These findings were not consistent with the clinical results from the FMDAP group. In conclusion, the dynamics of bacterial colonization do not necessarily correlate with clinical outcomes after full-mouth treatments for periodontitis stage III/IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. H. Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Florian Schittenhelm
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.B.); (J.M.S.)
- Private Practice, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sareh Said Yekta-Michael
- Department of Orthodontics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Reichert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin Luther University, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Susanne Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin Luther University, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Adrian Kasaj
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Andreas Braun
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.B.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Jamal M. Stein
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.S.); (A.B.); (J.M.S.)
- Private Practice, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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25
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Silva DNDA, Casarin M, Monajemzadeh S, Bezerra BDB, Lux R, Pirih FQ. The Microbiome in Periodontitis and Diabetes. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:859209. [PMID: 35464780 PMCID: PMC9024052 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.859209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To perform a comprehensive and integrative review of the available literature on the potential changes in the microbiome of healthy and individuals with diabetes under periodontal health and disease. Materials and Methods The review was conducted by two independent reviewers. Indexed electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched, including articles published in English and dated from 5 years ago until December 2021. A manual search also was performed to identify co-related articles. Following the removal of duplicates and eligibility criteria, the articles were included in tables for analysis and described in the manuscript. Results According to this review, diabetes mellitus was associated with significant changes in the subgingival and salivary microbiome, either in its association with periodontitis or in cases of periodontal health. In addition to affecting microbial diversity in terms of taxonomy, metagenomic studies have shown that this endocrine disorder may also be directly related to increased pathogenicity in the oral microbiome. Conclusion Although the reviewed studies demonstrate important differences in the subgingival and salivary microbiome composition because of diabetes mellitus, further studies are needed to clarify the real effects of hyperglycemia on oral microbial profiles and support new diagnostic approaches and innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Neto de Araújo Silva
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maísa Casarin
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Sepehr Monajemzadeh
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Beatriz de Brito Bezerra
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Renate Lux
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Flavia Q Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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Iliopoulos JM, Layrolle P, Apatzidou DA. Microbial-stem cell interactions in periodontal disease. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35451943 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is initiated by hyper-inflammatory responses in the periodontal tissues that generate dysbiotic ecological changes within the microbial communities. As a result, supportive tissues of the tooth are damaged and periodontal attachment is lost. Gingival recession, formation of periodontal pockets with the presence of bleeding, and often suppuration and/or tooth mobility are evident upon clinical examination. These changes may ultimately lead to tooth loss. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are implicated in controlling periodontal disease progression and have been shown to play a key role in periodontal tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Evidence shows that MSCs interact with subgingival microorganisms and their by-products and modulate the activity of immune cells by either paracrine mechanisms or direct cell-to-cell contact. The aim of this review is to reveal the interactions that take place between microbes and in particular periodontal pathogens and MSCs in order to understand the factors and mechanisms that modulate the regenerative capacity of periodontal tissues and the ability of the host to defend against putative pathogens. The clinical implications of these interactions in terms of anti-inflammatory and paracrine responses of MSCs, anti-microbial properties and alterations in function including their regenerative potential are critically discussed based on literature findings. In addition, future directions to design periodontal research models and study ex vivo the microbial-stem cell interactions are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Iliopoulos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- INSERM, ToNIC, Pavillon Baudot, CHU Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, UMR 1214, France
| | - Danae A Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Clinical Effects of Locally Delivered Lactobacillus reuteri as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients with Periodontitis: A Split-Mouth Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Different methods and products have been investigated as measures of adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP). Probiotic use has gained interest for this particular application, especially Lactobacillus spp. This split-mouth interventional prospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of L. reuteri DSM 17938 with local application in periodontal pockets of severe periodontitis patients. The study was conducted on 40 subjects with stage 3–4 periodontitis who, based on a split-mouth model, followed SRP and SRP + L. reuteri solution in five weekly sessions. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed at baseline and at three months after probiotic treatment completion. Both SRP and SRP + L. reuteri generated significant improvements of all three clinical parameters, but the changes were significantly better for SRP + L. reuteri treated sites. Therefore, we can conclude that adjunctive therapy with L. reuteri DSM 17938 could represent an interesting treatment option, particularly for severe periodontitis cases.
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28
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Effects of Obesity on Bone Healing in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413339. [PMID: 34948136 PMCID: PMC8704371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the association between periodontitis and obesity is well explored, it is unclear whether obesity is associated with a worse therapeutic outcome after periodontal treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on bone healing with and without the application of regeneration-promoting molecules. A standardized bone fenestration-type defect was created over the root of the mandibular first molar in 15 Wistar rats. Ten animals received a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFSD), while the remaining five animals were fed a standard diet. During surgery, the fenestration defects from half of the HFSD-fed, i.e., obese animals, were treated with regeneration-promoting molecules (enamel matrix derivative; EMD). After four weeks, bone healing was evaluated by histomorphometry, TRAP staining and immunohistochemistry for RUNX2 and osteopontin. The analyses revealed that the spontaneous healing of the periodontal defects was compromised by obesity. Application of EMD partially compensated for the negative effect of obesity. Nevertheless, EMD-stimulated bone healing in obese animals was not better than the spontaneous healing in the obesity-free control group, indicating that obesity may also inhibit the stimulatory effects of regeneration-promoting molecules. Our results show that obesity can negatively influence bone healing and suggest that bone healing may be compromised in humans.
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29
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McDaniel S, McDaniel J, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Molecular Screening and Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations for the Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9060073. [PMID: 34204219 PMCID: PMC8234915 DOI: 10.3390/dj9060073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Scardovia wiggsiae (SW) is a newly identified cariogenic pathogen associated with severe early childhood caries and oral disease. New studies have confirmed the presence of this organism among clinical samples from both pediatric and adult patients. However, the recent discovery of this organism has left researchers with only limited information available regarding the prevalence of this organism—and virtually no information regarding oral site-specific locations. Based upon this lack of information, the overall objective of this study was to perform an oral site-specific analysis of SW prevalence from clinical samples. Methods: Using an approved human subjects protocol, samples (n = 60) from an existing saliva and site-specific biorepository were identified and screened for SW presence using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). These data were summarized and subsequently analyzed for correlations with demographic (age, sex, race or ethnicity) or clinical (body mass index or BMI, primary/mixed/permanent dentition, orthodontic brackets) variables. Results: These data revealed that average DNA concentrations from all sample sites (saliva, dorsum of tongue, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), biofilm of upper buccal molar, and biofilm of lower lingual incisor) ranged between 13.74 and 14.69 μg/μL, with an overall average of 14.30 μg/μL ± 1.12 (standard error or SE). qPCR screening revealed a total of n = 34/60 or 56.7% of patient samples harboring SW. A total of n = 71/170 specific oral sites harbored this organism, with the majority of the SW-positive participant samples harboring SW at more than one oral site, n = 22/34 or 64.7%, including non-traditional sites such as GCF and the dorsum of the tongue. Weak correlations were found between specific SW outcomes in GCF and type of dentition (permanent; R = 0.2444), as well as SW outcomes in saliva with age (R = 0.228) and presence of orthodontic brackets (R = 0.2118). Conclusions: This study may be among the first to provide oral site-specific analysis to reveal the prevalence and location of Scardovia among clinical patient samples. Moreover, these data also provide some of the first evidence to suggest this organism may be present not only in traditional supragingival tooth-associated biofilm sites, but also in non-traditional oral sites including the dorsum of the tongue and the gingival crevice. Based upon these results, these data may represent a significant advance in our understanding of the potential sites and locations that harbor this organism and may help contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, distribution and potential for the development of oral disease among clinic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven McDaniel
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jaydene McDaniel
- Department of Advanced Education in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-774-2623
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Rath-Deschner B, Nogueira AVB, Beisel-Memmert S, Nokhbehsaim M, Eick S, Cirelli JA, Deschner J, Jäger A, Damanaki A. Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement-an in vitro and in vivo study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:171-181. [PMID: 34024010 PMCID: PMC8140908 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro and in vivo study was to investigate the interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2). MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone and gingival IL-6 and CXCL2 expressions was studied in rats by histology and RT-PCR, respectively. The animals were assigned to four groups (control, periodontitis, OTM, and combination of periodontitis and OTM). The IL-6 and CXCL2 levels were also studied in human gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the synthesis of IL-6 and CXCL2 in response to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or mechanical strain was studied in periodontal fibroblasts by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Periodontitis caused an increase in gingival levels of IL-6 and CXCL2 in the animal model. Moreover, orthodontic tooth movement further enhanced the bacteria-induced periodontal destruction and gingival IL-6 gene expression. Elevated IL-6 and CXCL2 gingival levels were also found in human periodontitis. Furthermore, mechanical strain increased the stimulatory effect of F. nucleatum on IL-6 protein in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that orthodontic tooth movement can enhance bacteria-induced periodontal inflammation and thus destruction and that IL-6 may play a pivotal role in this process. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Orthodontic tooth movement should only be performed after periodontal therapy. In case of periodontitis relapse, orthodontic therapy should be suspended until the periodontal inflammation has been successfully treated and thus the periodontal disease is controlled again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Rath-Deschner
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andressa V B Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Beisel-Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Oral Microbiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Damanaki
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Becerra-Ruiz JS, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Martínez-Esquivias F, Martínez-Pérez LA, Guzmán-Flores JM. Innate and adaptive immunity of periodontal disease. From etiology to alveolar bone loss. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1441-1447. [PMID: 33884712 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease refers to inflammation of the tissues that support the tooth. It is of multifactorial etiology. Innate and adaptive immune cells participate jointly through the release of their molecules and mechanisms of action in order to maintain homeostasis in periodontal tissues, so the host's immune response plays an essential role in defense against microorganisms. However, bacterial persistence and the dysregulation of the immune system as an exaggerated response can lead to the worsening of periodontal disease, leading to loss of gingival tissue and alveolar bone and thereby loss of teeth. Therefore, a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of periodontal disease is necessary to design new treatments and prophylactic measures in order to decrease the prevalence of this disease that afflicts a large part of the world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Saraí Becerra-Ruiz
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Celia Guerrero-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Luz Andrea Martínez-Pérez
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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