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Purse C, Parker A, James SA, Baker DJ, Moss CJ, Evans R, Durham J, Funnell SGP, Carding SR. Intestinal microbiota profiles of captive-bred cynomolgus macaques reveal influence of biogeography and age. Anim Microbiome 2025; 7:47. [PMID: 40369669 PMCID: PMC12080069 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-025-00409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated changes to the intestinal microbiome may be linked to inflammageing and the development of age-related chronic diseases. Cynomolgus macaques, a common animal model in biomedical research, have strong genetic physiological similarities to humans and may serve as beneficial models for the effect of age on the human microbiome. However, age-associated changes to their intestinal microbiome have previously only been investigated in faecal samples. Here, we have characterised and investigated the effects of age in the cynomolgus macaque intestinal tract in luminal samples from both the small and large intestine. RESULTS Whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing was used to analyse the microbial communities in intestinal content obtained from six different intestinal regions, covering the duodenum to distal colon, of 24 healthy, captive-bred cynomolgus macaques, ranging in age from 4 to 20 years. Both reference-based and assembly-based computational profiling approaches were used to analyse changes to intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic potential associated with intestinal biogeography and age. Reference-based computational profiling revealed a significant and progressive increase in both species richness and evenness along the intestinal tract. The microbial community composition also significantly differed between the small intestine, caecum, and colon. Notably, no significant changes in the taxonomic abundance of individual taxa with age were found except when sex was included as a covariate. Additionally, using an assembly-based computational profiling approach, 156 putative novel bacterial and archaeal species were identified. CONCLUSIONS We observed limited effects of age on the composition of the luminal microbiota in the profiled regions of the intestinal tract except when sex was included as a covariate. The enteric microbial communities of the small and the large intestine were, however, distinct, highlighting the limitations of frequently used faecal microbial profiling as a proxy for the intestinal microbiota. The identification of a number of putative novel microbial taxa contributes to knowledge of the full diversity of the cynomolgus macaque intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Purse
- Food, Microbiome and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - A Parker
- Food, Microbiome and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - S A James
- Food, Microbiome and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - D J Baker
- Food, Microbiome and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - C J Moss
- Food, Microbiome and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - R Evans
- Food, Microbiome and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - J Durham
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - S G P Funnell
- Food, Microbiome and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - S R Carding
- Food, Microbiome and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Ettel M, Cai Z, Liao X. Clinicopathologic Characterization of Sarcina ventriculi in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Surg Pathol 2025; 33:323-329. [PMID: 38899889 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241261569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The bacterium Sarcina ventriculi (SV) is rarely identified in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has been associated with diverse clinical presentations. We aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic features of SV in the GI tract. Seventeen specimens (3 gastrectomy and 14 biopsy specimens) with histologic diagnosis of SV were identified and analyzed. The patients (9 female, 8 male) had a median age of 65 (range 32-86) years. Five (30%) patients presented acutely with GI bleeding or altered mental status. Other relevant symptoms included abdominal pain (n = 6, 35%), diarrhea (n = 4, 24%), dysphagia/dyspepsia (n = 3, 18%), and nausea/vomiting (n = 3, 18%). SV organisms were mainly identified in the stomach (n = 14, 82%), rarely at the gastroesophageal junction (n = 2, 12%), esophagus (n = 2, 12%), or duodenum (n = 1, 6%). Endoscopically, retained food debris was found in 5 of 13 (38%) examined patients. Histologically, the majority of specimens (12 out of 17, 71%) showed mild alterations including reactive gastropathy, inactive gastritis, or reflux (Grade 1). The other 5 specimens (29%) demonstrated erosion, ulcer, necrosis, or perforation (Grade 2). The most commonly associated comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (n = 10, 59%), gastroparesis/outlet obstruction (n = 10, 59%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 6, 35%). Upon follow-up, 3 (18%) patients with acute phlegmonous gastritis died shortly after gastrectomy. Our case series, the largest reported so far, describes a spectrum of histologic severity associated with SV infection. Diabetes and gastroparesis/outlet obstruction manifested as retained food debris endoscopically are common findings with SV, and may provide a growth medium for this organism and provoke pathogenicity contributing to fatality in acute conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ettel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zhenjian Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
- Current address: The Clinical Pathology Laboratories (A Sonic Healthcare USA Pathology Practice), Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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3
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Saito S, Sasaki Y, Nagashima H, Fujiwara T, Nakamura K. Sarcina ventriculi Bacteremia Complicating Aspiration Pneumonia: A Case Report. Cureus 2025; 17:e77676. [PMID: 39968446 PMCID: PMC11835467 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.77676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi, a large anaerobic Gram-positive coccus that clusters in tetrads, is most commonly detected histologically in gastric biopsy specimens from patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Herein, we describe a rare case of bacteremia caused by S. ventriculi in an 89-year-old man. The patient had a history of cerebral infarction, atrophic gastritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and was receiving home oxygen therapy. He was admitted to our hospital with a right femoral neck fracture. Three days after femoral surgery, he developed aspiration pneumonia, and S. ventriculi was detected in the anaerobic blood culture bottle. A Gram-stained sputum smear showed large Gram-positive cocci (presumed to be S. ventriculi) clustered in tetrads. The patient was diagnosed with S. ventriculi bacteremia as a complication of aspiration pneumonia and recovered after ceftriaxone treatment. A literature review revealed only three previous case reports of S. ventriculi bacteremia. In previous case reports, the gastrointestinal tract was the presumed portal of entry into the blood. To our knowledge, S. ventriculi bacteremia has not previously been reported as a complication of lower respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Saito
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Yahaba, JPN
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Department of Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, JPN
| | - Hiromi Nagashima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, JPN
| | - Tohru Fujiwara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, JPN
| | - Kiwamu Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, JPN
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Simkhada A, Acharya P, Shrivastav S. Sarcinaventriculi in association with gastric ulcer: a case report. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000550.v3. [PMID: 39045250 PMCID: PMC11261660 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000550.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is a species of Gram-positive bacteria which has been reported in patients with delayed gastric emptying as well as in association with cases of gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Although it has been reported frequently in veterinary cases as a cause of fatal diseases, the exact pathogenesis in humans has yet to be identified. We report here a case of an elderly male who presented with haematemesis following which an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done and a gastric ulcer was revealed. Histopathological examination revealed S. ventriculi in association with the ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Simkhada
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - Pritha Acharya
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - Shreya Shrivastav
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal
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Otaru N, Pugin B, Plüss S, Hojsak I, Braegger C, Lacroix C. A pilot case-control study on the fecal microbiota of pediatric functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified and the role of early life stress. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:32. [PMID: 39421253 PMCID: PMC11485736 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Background: Gut microbial features and the role of early life stress in pediatric functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) have never been investigated before. Here, we hypothesize that early life stress is more prevalent in FAP-NOS compared to healthy controls and that fecal microbial profiles and related metabolites differ between groups. Methods: In an international multicenter case-control study, FAP-NOS patients (n = 40) were compared to healthy controls (n = 55). Stool samples and demographic and clinical data including early life traumatic events and antibiotics treatments were collected from children aged four to twelve years. Fecal microbial profiles were assessed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbial metabolite concentrations in fecal supernatant, including short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, were detected via liquid chromatography. Results: Microbial richness was increased in FAP-NOS compared to healthy controls and microbial composition (unweighted UniFrac) differed between groups. Three distinct amplicon sequencing variants and two distinct species were enriched in FAP-NOS compared to controls, with no observed changes at higher taxonomic levels. No differences in microbial metabolites and early life stress were observed between groups. Conclusion: The presented hypothesis could not be proven, with no observed differences in occurrence of early life stress, and fecal microbial metabolic profiles between pediatric FAP-NOS and healthy controls. Pediatric FAP-NOS patients exhibited mild differences in the fecal microbial community compared with controls. Further large-scale studies with high-resolution techniques are warranted to address the biological relevance of present observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nize Otaru
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich 8032, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Pugin
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Serafina Plüss
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Christian Braegger
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich 8032, Switzerland
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Authors contributed equally
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6
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Whitfield-Cargile CM, Chung HC, Coleman MC, Cohen ND, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Ivanov I, Goldsby JS, Davidson LA, Gaynanova I, Ni Y, Chapkin RS. Integrated analysis of gut metabolome, microbiome, and exfoliome data in an equine model of intestinal injury. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:74. [PMID: 38622632 PMCID: PMC11017594 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equine gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been described in the context of various diseases. The observed changes, however, have not been linked to host function and therefore it remains unclear how specific changes in the microbiome alter cellular and molecular pathways within the GI tract. Further, non-invasive techniques to examine the host gene expression profile of the GI mucosa have been described in horses but not evaluated in response to interventions. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to (1) profile gene expression and metabolomic changes in an equine model of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced intestinal inflammation and (2) apply computational data integration methods to examine host-microbiota interactions. METHODS Twenty horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (n = 10): control (placebo paste) or NSAID (phenylbutazone 4.4 mg/kg orally once daily for 9 days). Fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 10 and analyzed with respect to microbiota (16S rDNA gene sequencing), metabolomic (untargeted metabolites), and host exfoliated cell transcriptomic (exfoliome) changes. Data were analyzed and integrated using a variety of computational techniques, and underlying regulatory mechanisms were inferred from features that were commonly identified by all computational approaches. RESULTS Phenylbutazone induced alterations in the microbiota, metabolome, and host transcriptome. Data integration identified correlation of specific bacterial genera with expression of several genes and metabolites that were linked to oxidative stress. Concomitant microbiota and metabolite changes resulted in the initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response within the intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Results of integrative analysis identified an important role for oxidative stress, and subsequent cell signaling responses, in a large animal model of GI inflammation. The computational approaches for combining non-invasive platforms for unbiased assessment of host GI responses (e.g., exfoliomics) with metabolomic and microbiota changes have broad application for the field of gastroenterology. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Whitfield-Cargile
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - H C Chung
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Mathematics & Statistics Department, College of Science, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A M Chamoun-Emanuelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - L A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Gaynanova
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y Ni
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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7
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Lee LM, Owens LA, Krugner-Higby LA, Graham M, Simmons HA, Climans M, Brown K, Bennett AJ, Schaefer J, Meyer K, Goldberg TL. Sarcina sp. as a presumptive cause of fatal acute gastric dilation and gastric emphysema in rhesus macaques. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:698-703. [PMID: 37646249 PMCID: PMC10621543 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231193965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 4-y-old female and 3-y-old male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), both housed in the same facility, died unexpectedly within 2 wk. Postmortem examination revealed severe gastric dilation in both macaques and gastric emphysema in the female macaque. Histologically, bacteria consistent with Sarcina sp. were present in both macaques within the lungs and lumen of the trachea, esophagus, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract without associated inflammation. Additionally, in the female macaque, the bacteria were found in the gastric mucosa and associated with emphysematous spaces in the gastric wall without associated inflammation. PCR and Sanger sequencing of amplicons were subsequently performed on GI contents and non-alimentary tissues from the 2 affected monkeys and on comparative samples from unaffected rhesus monkeys in the same facility and an adjacent primate facility. The cases were compared using the 2-tailed Fisher exact test (p-value at 95% confidence). PCR identified Sarcina in GI contents of both affected and unaffected monkeys (p = 0.6084) and in non-alimentary tissues of affected monkeys only (p = 0.0083). These results suggest that the presence of Sarcina sp. in non-alimentary tissues is associated with gastric distension, gas accumulation, and unexpected death in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Lee
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Leah A. Owens
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa A. Krugner-Higby
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa Graham
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection, State of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan Climans
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelsey Brown
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Allyson J. Bennett
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Schaefer
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kyle Meyer
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Deflaoui T, Mabrouk MY, Derkaoui A, Younes S, Akil Y, Amara R, Akouh N, Amal B, Jabi R, Bouziane M. Gastroenteric-anastomosis in the setting of marked stomach dilatation associated with gastric pyloric obstruction secondary to Sarcina ventriculi. J Surg Case Rep 2023; 2023:rjad559. [PMID: 37846421 PMCID: PMC10576988 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium capable of surviving in the acidic environment of the stomach and causing gastrointestinal symptoms. We report the case of a 51-year-old patient with no notable medical history who presented with abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting. Initial endoscopic evaluation revealed a distended stomach in stasis with pyloric stenosis. Biopsies revealed the presence of Helicobacter pylori and S. ventriculi. A therapeutic protocol was administered, but no symptomatic relief was observed. Subsequently, the patient was referred to our institution, where computed tomography imaging of the abdomen was performed. The results corroborated a presentation suggestive of a high obstruction attributable to a right anterior para-duodenal internal hernia. Ultimately, surgery was undertaken, ruling out the diagnosis of right para-duodenal internal hernia and resulting in gastroenteric anastomosis with satisfactory improvement in clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Deflaoui
- Department of General Surgery, Mohammed VI University Hospital, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Y Mabrouk
- Department of General Surgery, Mohammed VI University Hospital, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Anas Derkaoui
- Department of General Surgery, Mohammed VI University Hospital, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Slimi Younes
- Department of General Surgery, Mohammed VI University Hospital, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Yassir Akil
- Department of General Surgery, Mohammed VI University Hospital, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rihab Amara
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nada Akouh
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Benani Amal
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rachid Jabi
- Department of General Surgery, Mohammed VI University Hospital, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Microsurgery and Surgery Experimental and Medical Simulation (LAMCESM), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed Ist University, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouziane
- Department of General Surgery, Mohammed VI University Hospital, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Microsurgery and Surgery Experimental and Medical Simulation (LAMCESM), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed Ist University, BP 4806 Oujda Universite 60049 Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
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9
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Gosnell JM, Qiu S, Humphrey L. A Rare Case of Erosive Esophagitis Due to Sarcina Ventriculi Infection. Cureus 2023; 15:e34230. [PMID: 36852351 PMCID: PMC9962194 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus found in soil that is a rare cause of inflammatory infections of the GI tract. This bacterium has a propensity for causing gastritis in patients with delayed gastric emptying. Of the 66 reported cases in the literature, 10 involved the esophagus. Symptoms of an esophageal infection are non-specific and may be mistaken for long-standing gastroesophageal reflux. We present a case of a 67-year-old female with chronic dysphagia and reflux diagnosed with erosive esophagitis caused by Sarcina ventriculi. Treatment strategies documented in the literature are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph M Gosnell
- Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Laurel Humphrey
- General Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
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10
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Sarcina ventriculi in an Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of a Perigastric Lymph Node with Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Carry-Through Contaminant Bacterial Microorganism from the Stomach. Case Rep Pathol 2022; 2021:4933279. [PMID: 35003818 PMCID: PMC8731288 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4933279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is a rare gram-positive coccus increasingly reported in patients with a history of delayed gastric emptying or gastric outlet obstruction and is sometimes seen in association with emphysematous gastritis and perforation. We report a case of a 67-year-old male who presented with epigastric pain. CT imaging and cholangiopancreatography were concerning for pancreatic neoplasia. Upper endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of a perigastric lymph node confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of pancreatic origin, and cocci arranged in a tetrad fashions characteristic of Sarcina ventriculi were noted. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Sarcina ventriculi in an FNA of metastatic pancreatic carcinoma in a perigastric lymph node. These organisms likely represent carry-through contaminants from the transgastric approach of the endoscopic FNA.
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11
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Tartaglia D, Coccolini F, Mazzoni A, Strambi S, Cicuttin E, Cremonini C, Taddei G, Puglisi AG, Ugolini C, Di Stefano I, Basolo F, Chiarugi M. Sarcina Ventriculi infection: a rare but fearsome event. A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 115:48-61. [PMID: 34838720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to report a case of SV-related gastritis and the results of a systematic literature review of SV infections. METHODS Following a case presentation, we systematically searched different databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, google scholar) for the items "sarcina," "ventriculi," "clostridium" with AND/OR. RESULTS A total of 55 articles reporting 65 cases of Sarcina Ventriculi were found. Thus, 66 patients, including our case, were reviewed. The median age was 51 years (IQR: 0-87 years). Females accounted for 51% of cases. 68% of patients had one or more comorbidities. SV was isolated in the gastrointestinal tract (88%), respiratory (5%), urine (4%), and bloodstream (3%) systems. Upper endoscopy was performed in 52 patients (79%). Biopsies were obtained in all 52 cases and were normal in 23%. Surgery was warranted in 15 patients (23%), and specific antimicrobial therapy was delivered in 34 (52%) patients. Mortality was 14%. At follow-up, 88% of patients showed complete eradication of the SV infection. CONCLUSIONS Upper gastrointestinal biopsy positive for SV should prompt an evaluation of the clinical conditions, considering the risk of gastric perforation is not negligible. Antibiotic therapy may eradicate the infection and prevent complications. Emergency surgery is required in case of source control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Tartaglia
- Emergency Surgery Unit and Trauma Center, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federico Coccolini
- Emergency Surgery Unit and Trauma Center, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Emergency Surgery Unit and Trauma Center, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Strambi
- Emergency Surgery Unit and Trauma Center, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Cicuttin
- Emergency Surgery Unit and Trauma Center, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Cremonini
- Emergency Surgery Unit and Trauma Center, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Taddei
- Emergency Surgery Unit and Trauma Center, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gabriele Puglisi
- Emergency Surgery Unit and Trauma Center, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Ugolini
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iosè Di Stefano
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Chiarugi
- Emergency Surgery Unit and Trauma Center, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Marcelino LP, Valentini DF, Machado SMDS, Schaefer PG, Rivero RC, Osvaldt AB. Sarcina ventriculi a rare pathogen. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2021; 11:e2021337. [PMID: 34692571 PMCID: PMC8530536 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2021.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is a gram-positive bacterium, able to survive in extreme low pH environment. It’s first description dates from 1842, by John Goodsir. Since then, just a few cases have been reported. In veterinary medicine, especially in ruminants, it causes bloating, vomiting, gastric perforation and death of the animal. It is commonly associated with delayed gastric emptying or obstruction to gastric outlet, although it’s pathogenicity in humans is not fully understood. We report two cases with identification of the bacteria in gastric specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining, in different clinical settings. The first patient is a young female patient, presenting cardiac arrest and death after gastric perforation and the second patient an adult male presenting with gastric adenocarcinoma, treated with partial gastrectomy followed by adjuvant chemoradiation. In our literature review, we identified forty-five cases reporting Sarcina ventriculi appearance, with a sudden increase since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirceu Felipe Valentini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Service of Digestive Surgery, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Simone Márcia Dos Santos Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Service of Pathology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Guilherme Schaefer
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Service of Pathology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Raquel Camara Rivero
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Service of Pathology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Alessandro Bersch Osvaldt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Service of Digestive Surgery, Group for Biliary Tract and Pancreas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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13
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Ene A, McCoy MH, Qasem S. Sarcina organism of the stomach: Report of a case. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2021.200541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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14
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Gut Microbiota and Development of Vibrio cholerae-Specific Long-Term Memory B Cells in Adults after Whole-Cell Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0021721. [PMID: 34228490 PMCID: PMC8370679 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00217-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae that continues to be a major public health concern in populations without access to safe water. IgG- and IgA-secreting memory B cells (MBC) targeting the V. cholerae O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) correlate with protection from infection in persons exposed to V. cholerae and may be a major determinant of long-term protection against cholera. Shanchol, a widely used oral cholera vaccine (OCV), stimulates OSP MBC responses in only some people after vaccination, and the gut microbiota is a possible determinant of variable immune responses observed after OCV. Using 16S rRNA sequencing of feces from the time of vaccination, we compared the gut microbiota among adults with and without MBC responses to OCV. Gut microbial diversity measures were not associated with MBC isotype or OSP-specific responses, but individuals with a higher abundance of Clostridiales and lower abundance of Enterobacterales were more likely to develop an MBC response. We applied protein-normalized fecal supernatants of high and low MBC responders to THP-1-derived human macrophages to investigate the effect of microbial factors at the time of vaccination. Feces from individuals with higher MBC responses induced significantly different IL-1β and IL-6 levels than individuals with lower responses, indicating that the gut microbiota at the time of vaccination may "prime" the mucosal immune response to vaccine antigens. Our results suggest the gut microbiota could impact immune responses to OCVs, and further study of microbial metabolites as potential vaccine adjuvants is warranted.
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15
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Makovska M, Modrackova N, Bolechova P, Drnkova B, Neuzil-Bunesova V. Antibiotic susceptibility screening of primate-associated Clostridium ventriculi. Anaerobe 2021; 69:102347. [PMID: 33607254 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium ventriculi (syn. Sarcina ventriculi) is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen with sarcina morphology. In the case of gastrointestinal disorders, the treatment is often empirical. Due to the common occurrence in primates and the potential risk of dysbiosis; the antibiotic susceptibility screening of C. ventriculi strains isolated from guenon monkeys and crested gibbons to 58 antibiotics was performed to reduce potentially ineffective antibiotic use in case of disease. Isolates were found to be susceptible to the majority of the tested antibiotics, mainly to (fluoro)quinolones, macrolides, penicillins, and tetracyclines. The susceptibility profiles were similar despite the hosts. Tested strains showed also natural resistance to a few antibiotics on the genus level. Detected in vitro antibiotic efficiency is consistent with documented human treatment cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Makovska
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikol Modrackova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bolechova
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic; Zoo Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Drnkova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Neuzil-Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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Ecological and Ontogenetic Components of Larval Lake Sturgeon Gut Microbiota Assembly, Successional Dynamics, and Ecological Evaluation of Neutral Community Processes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02662-19. [PMID: 32169941 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02662-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) or gut microbiotas play essential roles in host development and physiology. These roles are influenced partly by the microbial community composition. During early developmental stages, the ecological processes underlying the assembly and successional changes in host GI community composition are influenced by numerous factors, including dispersal from the surrounding environment, age-dependent changes in the gut environment, and changes in dietary regimes. However, the relative importance of these factors to the gut microbiota is not well understood. We examined the effects of environmental (diet and water sources) and host early ontogenetic development on the diversity of and the compositional changes in the gut microbiota of a primitive teleost fish, the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), based on massively parallel sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Fish larvae were raised in environments that differed in water source (stream versus filtered groundwater) and diet (supplemented versus nonsupplemented Artemia fish). We quantified the gut microbial community structure at three stages (prefeeding and 1 and 2 weeks after exogenous feeding began). The diversity declined and the community composition differed significantly among stages; however, only modest differences associated with dietary or water source treatments were documented. Many taxa present in the gut were over- or underrepresented relative to neutral expectations in each sampling period. The findings indicate dynamic relationships between the gut microbiota composition and host gastrointestinal physiology, with comparatively smaller influences being associated with the rearing environments. Neutral models of community assembly could not be rejected, but selectivity associated with microbe-host GI tract interactions through early ontogenetic stages was evident. The results have implications for sturgeon conservation and aquaculture production specifically and applications of microbe-based management in teleost fish generally.IMPORTANCE We quantified the effects of environment (diet and water sources) and host early ontogenetic development on the diversity of and compositional changes in gut microbial communities based on massively parallel sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes from the GI tracts of larval lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). The gut microbial community diversity declined and the community composition differed significantly among ontogenetic stages; however, only modest differences associated with dietary or water source treatments were documented. Selectivity associated with microbe-host GI tract interactions through early ontogenetic stages was evident. The results have implications for lake sturgeon and early larval ecology and survival in their natural habitat and for conservation and aquaculture production specifically, as well as applications of microbe-based management in teleost fish generally.
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17
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Dumitru A, Aliuş C, Nica AE, Antoniac I, Gheorghiță D, Grădinaru S. Fatal outcome of gastric perforation due to infection with Sarcina spp. A case report. IDCases 2020; 19:e00711. [PMID: 32099809 PMCID: PMC7031000 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is an extremely rare pathogen. These gram-positive cocci bacteria are rarely identified in gastric biopsies and usually described in the scientific literature as an incidental finding, particularly in patients with delayed gastric emptying, gastroparesis, emphysematous gastritis or gastric perforation. It occurs most commonly in adult women and can be identified easily by its distinctive morphologic features, such as basophilic staining, cuboidal shape, tetrad arrangement, red blood cell-sized packets, flattened cell walls, and refractile nature in bright field microscopy. Although the pathogenesis of the microorganism is highly debated in humans, this bacterium is a well-known pathogen in livestock. Fewer than 30 cases of human infection have been described in the scientific literature so far, but none mentioned this micro-organism as a potential cause of death. We report the case of a 76-year-old patient with gastric perforation due to massive infection with Sarcina ventriculi. To date, this is the first report of human infection with Sarcina ventriculi in Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Dumitru
- Pathology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania.,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cătălin Aliuş
- 4th Surgical Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Elena Nica
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Anesthesiology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian Antoniac
- Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Romania
| | - Daniela Gheorghiță
- Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Romania
| | - Sebastian Grădinaru
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,4th Surgical Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania
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18
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Propst R, Denham L, Deisch JK, Kalra T, Zaheer S, Silva K, Magaki S. Sarcina Organisms in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A Report of 3 Cases With Varying Presentations. Int J Surg Pathol 2019; 28:206-209. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896919873715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sarcina species are anaerobic gram-positive cocci rarely seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract and associated with delayed gastric emptying. We present 3 cases of Sarcina infection with varying clinical presentations including the first reported case of Sarcina in a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis. Although the pathogenesis of Sarcina is unclear, awareness of the bacteria is important as they can usually only be detected on histopathologic examination of upper gastrointestinal biopsies. Treatment in symptomatic patients may prevent severe complications such as emphysematous gastritis and gastric perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Propst
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Laura Denham
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy K. Deisch
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Tejinder Kalra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Loma Linda University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Salman Zaheer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Silva
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Shino Magaki
- Department of Pathology, Loma Linda University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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19
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Bortolotti P, Kipnis E, Faure E, Faure K, Wacrenier A, Fauquembergue M, Penven M, Messaadi S, Marceau L, Dessein R, Le Guern R. Clostridium ventriculi bacteremia following acute colonic pseudo-obstruction: A case report. Anaerobe 2019; 59:32-34. [PMID: 31103530 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium ventriculi (formerly Sarcina ventriculi) is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic coccus. Human infections due to this bacterium have rarely been reported, its involvement in the development of gastric ulcers and perforation has been suggested. We present a case of bacteremia due to C. ventriculi following acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Bortolotti
- Univ. Lille, EA 7366 - Recherche Translationnelle Relations Hôte Pathogènes, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale, Pôle d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Eric Kipnis
- Univ. Lille, EA 7366 - Recherche Translationnelle Relations Hôte Pathogènes, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale, Pôle d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Faure
- Univ. Lille, EA 7366 - Recherche Translationnelle Relations Hôte Pathogènes, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Karine Faure
- Univ. Lille, EA 7366 - Recherche Translationnelle Relations Hôte Pathogènes, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Malo Penven
- CHU Lille, Institut de Microbiologie, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Laure Marceau
- CHU Lille, Institut de Microbiologie, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rodrigue Dessein
- Univ. Lille, EA 7366 - Recherche Translationnelle Relations Hôte Pathogènes, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Institut de Microbiologie, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rémi Le Guern
- Univ. Lille, EA 7366 - Recherche Translationnelle Relations Hôte Pathogènes, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Institut de Microbiologie, F-59000, Lille, France.
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20
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Singh K. Emphysematous Gastritis Associated with Sarcina ventriculi. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2019; 13:207-213. [PMID: 31123448 PMCID: PMC6514519 DOI: 10.1159/000499446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysematous gastritis is a rare and lethal gastrointestinal emergency if not promptly identified and managed. In rare cases, emphysematous gastritis is associated with Sarcina ventriculi infection, usually in patients with delayed gastric emptying. Here we report a lethal case of S. ventriculi-associated emphysematous gastritis in the absence of delayed gastric emptying in which the diagnosis was confirmed postmortem. This case provides an opportunity to review the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of emphysematous gastritis so that the condition can be promptly diagnosed and managed to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center, Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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21
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Chandan VS. Drugs-Induced Injury, Infections, Vascular, Congenital, and Miscellaneous Disorders. SURGICAL PATHOLOGY OF NON-NEOPLASTIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES 2019:151-188. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15573-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
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22
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Williams CL, Dill-McFarland KA, Sparks DL, Kouba AJ, Willard ST, Suen G, Brown AE. Dietary changes during weaning shape the gut microbiota of red pandas ( Ailurus fulgens). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:cox075. [PMID: 29399361 PMCID: PMC5772406 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian herbivores have developed numerous adaptations to utilize their plant-based diets including a modified gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and symbiosis with a GIT microbiota that plays a major role in digestion and the maintenance of host health. The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a herbivorous carnivore that lacks the specialized GIT common to other herbivores but still relies on microorganisms for survival on its almost entirely bamboo diet. The GIT microbiota is of further importance in young red pandas, as high cub mortality is problematic and has been attributed to failure to meet nutritional requirements. To gain insight into the establishment of the GIT microbiota of red pandas, we examined microbial communities in two individuals following dietary changes associated with weaning using next-generation 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq paired-end sequencing of faecal samples. Across all four stages (pre-weaning, during weaning, post-weaning and adult), the GIT microbial community displayed low diversity and was dominated by bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes with lesser contributions from the Proteobacteria. A core community was found consistently across all weaning stages and included species within the taxa Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Clostridium and an unclassified Clostridiaceae. Analysis of the overall community composition and structure showed that although the GIT microbiota is established early in red pandas, dietary changes during weaning further shape the community and are correlated with the presence of new bacterial species. This work is the first analysis of the GIT microbiota for red panda cubs during weaning and provides a framework for understanding how diet and host microbiota impact the development of these threatened animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace L Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 32 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, 2 Research Blvd, Box 9627, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | | | - Darrell L Sparks
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 32 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, 1145 Hand Lab, 310 Presidents Circle, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Andrew J Kouba
- Department of Research and Conservation, Memphis Zoological Society, 2000 Prentiss Place, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 32 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ashli E Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 32 Creelman Street, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, 2 Research Blvd, Box 9627, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, 1145 Hand Lab, 310 Presidents Circle, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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23
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Ahasan MS, Waltzek TB, Huerlimann R, Ariel E. Comparative analysis of gut bacterial communities of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) pre-hospitalization and post-rehabilitation by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Microbiol Res 2017; 207:91-99. [PMID: 29458874 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stranded green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are often cared for in rehabilitation centers until they recover. Although the specific causal agents of diseases in stranded turtles are difficult to diagnose, we know that gut microbiota of green turtles play a vital role in health as well as a wide range of diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the gut bacterial communities between pre-hospitalization (PH) and post-rehabilitation (PR) stranded green turtles using high-throughput sequencing analysis targeting V1-V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. A total of eight cloacal swab samples were collected from four green turtles undergoing rehabilitation. Proteobacteria dominating in both PH and PR samples without any significant difference. Firmicutes was the second and Bacteroidetes was the third most abundant phylum in PH samples, while Bacteroidetes prevailed in PR samples, followed by Firmicutes. The predominance of the genus Bacteroides in both PH and PR samples indicates the importance of this genus in turtle gut health. At a class level, Epsilonproteobacteria was significantly (P<0.05) associated with PH samples and Deltaproteobacteria predominated (P<0.05) in PR samples. The significant abundance of Campylobacter fetus, Escherichia coli, Clostridium botulinum and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in PH samples indicate pathogenic associations with stranded green turtles with zoonotic potential. The presence of Salmonella enterica in only PR samples suggest possible acquisition of this bacteria during rehabilitation. In this study, all post-rehabilitation green turtles exhibited similar bacterial communities, irrespective of their microbial compositions at pre-hospitalization. The marked differences in the gut bacterial communities of PH and PR turtles indicate the outcome of dietary, management and environmental shift during rehabilitation. Therefore, it is important to address the process of restoring normal gut microbiota of recovered turtles prior to release back to their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Ahasan
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia.
| | - Thomas B Waltzek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia
| | - Ellen Ariel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia
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24
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Dolganiuc A, Liu X, Sharma A. Dysphagia With Unusual Esophageal Plaques. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:e7-e8. [PMID: 28157522 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiuli Liu
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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25
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Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is an increasingly common gram-positive coccus, recognized in gastric biopsies, particularly of patients with delayed gastric emptying. It occurs most commonly in adult women and can be identified easily by its characteristic morphologic features, such as basophilic staining, cuboid shape, tetrad arrangement, red blood cell–sized packets, flattened cell walls, and refractile nature on light microscopy. Although the pathogenesis of the organism is debated, it has been implicated in cases of gastric perforation, emphysematous gastritis, and peritonitis as well as occurring in the background of gastric adenocarcinomas. This review of the literature discusses the clinical features, endoscopy findings, histopathology, ancillary studies, microbiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this bacterium based on 19 published cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rizwan Haroon Al Rasheed
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Chicago (Dr Haroon Al Rasheed); and the Department of Pathology, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago (Dr Senseng)
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26
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Turroni S, Rampelli S, Centanni M, Schnorr SL, Consolandi C, Severgnini M, Peano C, Soverini M, Falconi M, Crittenden AN, Henry AG, Brigidi P, Candela M. Enterocyte-Associated Microbiome of the Hadza Hunter-Gatherers. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:865. [PMID: 27375586 PMCID: PMC4893497 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
By means of a recently developed non-invasive ex vivo minimal model based on the interaction of the human enterocyte-like HT29 cell line and fecal slurries, we explored the enterocyte-associated microbiome of 21 Hadza hunter-gatherers and nine urban living Italians. Though reductionist, this model allows inferring the microbiota structural and functional arrangement as it interacts with enterocytes. Microbial suspensions obtained from Hadza or Italian stools were first evaluated for structural integrity by high resolution-scanning electron microscopy and co-incubated with HT29 cell monolayers. The enterocyte adherent microbiota fraction was then characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and predictive functional profiling using PICRUSt. Compared to Italians, the Hadza enterocyte-associated microbiome was characterized by a greater amount of adhesive microorganisms with pathogenic potential, such as Proteobacteria, Erysipelotrichaceae, Enterococcus, Clostridium and Sarcina. These compositional characteristics were reflected in a functional enrichment in membrane transport, signal transduction, signaling molecules and interaction. Our results depict a new interesting mutualistic configuration of the enterocyte-associated microbiome in Hadza, stressing the importance of microbe-host interaction at the mucosal surface along the course of human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Turroni
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Centanni
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Stephanie L. Schnorr
- Max Planck Research Group on Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzig, Germany
| | - Clarissa Consolandi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research CouncilSegrate, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research CouncilSegrate, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research CouncilSegrate, Italy
| | - Matteo Soverini
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Alyssa N. Crittenden
- Metabolism, Anthropometry, and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las VegasNV, USA
| | - Amanda G. Henry
- Max Planck Research Group on Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzig, Germany
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
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Sun Y, Su Y, Zhu W. Microbiome-Metabolome Responses in the Cecum and Colon of Pig to a High Resistant Starch Diet. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:779. [PMID: 27303373 PMCID: PMC4880592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, knowledge about the impact of long-term intake of high resistant starch diet on pig hindgut microbiota and metabolite profile is limited. In this study, a combination of the pyrosequencing and the mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics techniques were used to investigate the effects of a raw potato starch (RPS, high in resistant starch) diet on microbial composition and microbial metabolites in the hindgut of pig. The results showed that Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, and Turicibacter increased significantly, while Sarcina and Clostridium decreased in relative abundances in the hindgut of pigs fed RPS. The metabolimic analysis revealed that RPS significantly affected starch and sucrose metabolites, amino acid turnover or protein biosynthesis, lipid metabolites, glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, inositol phosphate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Furthermore, a Pearson's correlation analysis showed that Ruminococcus and Coprococcus were positively correlated with glucose-6-phosphate, maltose, arachidonic acid, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, oleic acid, phosphate, but negatively correlated with α-aminobutyric acid. However, the correlation of Clostridium and Sarcina with these compounds was in the opposite direction. The results suggest that RPS not only alters the composition of the gut microbial community but also modulates the metabolic pathway of microbial metabolism, which may further affect the hindgut health of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
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Draft Genome Sequences of Sarcina ventriculi Strains Isolated from Wild Japanese Macaques in Yakushima Island. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e01694-15. [PMID: 26847899 PMCID: PMC4742696 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01694-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequences of Sarcina ventriculi strains 14 and 17, both isolated from feces of wild Yakushima macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui). These genomic sequences will be helpful for the phylogenetic consideration of the family Clostridiaceae and understanding of the contribution of intestinal microbiota to the survival of Yakushima macaques.
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Carrigan S, Grin A, Al-Haddad S, Iakovlev V, Streutker C, Moore T, Karamchandani J. Emphysematous oesophagitis associated with Sarcina organisms in a patient receiving anti-inflammatory therapy. Histopathology 2015; 67:270-2. [PMID: 25410912 DOI: 10.1111/his.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Carrigan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Grin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sahar Al-Haddad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Iakovlev
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Terrence Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, St Michael's Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Ali MA, Arnold CA, Singhi AD, Voltaggio L. Clues to uncommon and easily overlooked infectious diagnoses affecting the GI tract and distinction from their clinicopathologic mimics. Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 80:689-706. [PMID: 25070906 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Aamir Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lysandra Voltaggio
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cooper P, Walker AW, Reyes J, Chico M, Salter SJ, Vaca M, Parkhill J. Patent human infections with the whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, are not associated with alterations in the faecal microbiota. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76573. [PMID: 24124574 PMCID: PMC3790696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The soil-transmitted helminth (STH), Trichuris trichiura colonises the human large intestine where it may modify inflammatory responses, an effect possibly mediated through alterations in the intestinal microbiota. We hypothesised that patent T. trichiura infections would be associated with altered faecal microbiota and that anthelmintic treatment would induce a microbiota resembling more closely that observed in uninfected individuals. Materials and Methods School children in Ecuador were screened for STH infections and allocated to 3 groups: uninfected, T. trichiura only, and mixed infections with T. trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. A sample of uninfected children and those with T. trichiura infections only were given anthelmintic treatment. Bacterial community profiles in faecal samples were studied by 454 pyrosequencing of 16 S rRNA genes. Results Microbiota analyses of faeces were done for 97 children: 30 were uninfected, 17 were infected with T. trichiura, and 50 with T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides. Post-treatment samples were analyzed for 14 children initially infected with T. trichiura alone and for 21 uninfected children. Treatment resulted in 100% cure of STH infections. Comparisons of the microbiota at different taxonomic levels showed no statistically significant differences in composition between uninfected children and those with T. trichiura infections. We observed a decreased proportional abundance of a few bacterial genera from the Clostridia class of Firmicutes and a reduced bacterial diversity among children with mixed infections compared to the other two groups, indicating a possible specific effect of A. lumbricoides infection. Anthelmintic treatment of children with T. trichiura did not alter faecal microbiota composition. Discussion Our data indicate that patent human infections with T. trichiura may have no effect on faecal microbiota but that A. lumbricoides colonisation might be associated with a disturbed microbiota. Our results also catalogue the microbiota of rural Ecuadorians and indicate differences with individuals from more urban industrialised societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Cooper
- Fundación Ecuatoriana Para la Investigación en Salud, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Alan W. Walker
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martha Chico
- Fundación Ecuatoriana Para la Investigación en Salud, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Susannah J. Salter
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Maritza Vaca
- Fundación Ecuatoriana Para la Investigación en Salud, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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Ratuapli SK, Lam-Himlin DM, Heigh RI. Sarcina ventriculi of the stomach: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2282-2285. [PMID: 23599657 PMCID: PMC3627895 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i14.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcina ventriculi is a Gram positive organism, which has been reported to be found rarely, in the gastric specimens of patients with gastroparesis. Only eight cases of Sarcina, isolated from gastric specimens have been reported so far. Sarcina has been implicated in the development of gastric ulcers, emphysematous gastritis and gastric perforation. We report a case of 73-year-old male, with history of prior Billroth II surgery and truncal vagotomy, who presented for further evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. An upper endoscopy revealed diffuse gastric erythema, along with retained food. Biopsies revealed marked inflammation with ulcer bed formation and presence of Sarcina organisms. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for 1 wk, and a repeat endoscopy showed improvement of erythema, along with clearance of Sarcina organisms. Review of reported cases including ours suggests that Sarcina is more frequently an innocent bystander rather than a pathogenic organism. However, given its association with life threatening illness in two reported cases, it may be prudent to treat with antibiotics and anti-ulcer therapy, until further understanding is achieved.
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Tuuminen T, Suomala P, Vuorinen S. Sarcina ventriculi in blood: the first documented report since 1872. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:169. [PMID: 23566207 PMCID: PMC3623782 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1872, in British Medical Journal (BMJ) Dr. David Ferrier published that Sarcina ventriculi (Goodsir) constantly occurred in the blood of man and the lower animals. His observation was based on bleeding experiments, incubation of blood at 100°F (37.8°C) and later examination. He found "immense numbers of beautifully formed sarcinæ". In the next issue of BMJ Dr. Charlton Bastian expressed concerns that Sarcina might indeed be "really a living thing" or "might be partly organic and partly mineral in its constitutions". CASE PRESENTATION Anaerobic gram-positive giant coccae assembled in tetrads were recovered from one anaerobic blood culture bottle of a 48-year-old female who in her early childhood was diagnosed with congenital chloride diarrhoea. This is a rare recessively inherited disease that belongs to the Finnish disease heritage. The bacteria were identified with the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Here, after more than a century we present the first report that Sarcina ventriculi can indeed cause bacteremia in a susceptible person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tuuminen
- Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, PO Box 21, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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Sarcina organisms in the gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathologic and molecular study. Am J Surg Pathol 2011; 35:1700-5. [PMID: 21997690 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31822911e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcina organisms were first observed in and recorded from the stomach contents of a patient suffering from vomiting by John Goodsir in 1842. Since that time, their fine structure, phylogenetic classification, and biochemical characteristics have been described. Although numerous cases of fatal disease have been attributed to this organism in the veterinary literature, only a few human cases have been documented. As a result, whether this organism causes disease in humans has not been definitively established. We report the clinicopathologic findings in a series of 5 patients with Sarcina-like organisms identified in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies with molecular confirmation. Our findings have shown that the organism is most commonly found in patients with a history of gastric outlet obstruction or delayed gastric emptying. Although many of the patients do not demonstrate direct mucosal injury from the organism, the presence of a concurrent gastric ulcer puts the patient at increased risk for complications such as emphysematous gastritis or perforation. The finding of Sarcina organisms should prompt further investigation for functional causes of gastric outlet obstruction and delayed gastric emptying, such as occult malignancy.
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Vahjen W, Pieper R, Zentek J. Increased dietary zinc oxide changes the bacterial core and enterobacterial composition in the ileum of piglets. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2430-9. [PMID: 21383037 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increased dietary ZnO on the bacterial core and enterobacterial composition in the small intestine of piglets that were fed diets containing a total of 124 or 3,042 mg of Zn per kilogram of diet, respectively. Zinc was supplemented to the basal diet as ZnO. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes of ileal DNA extracts were PCR-amplified with 2 bar-coded primer sets and sequenced by 454 pyrosequencing. The bacterial core species were calculated from the relative abundances of reads present in 5 of 6 samples per group and at a minimum of 5 sequences per sample. The reference database SILVA was used to assign sequence reads at an alignment minimum of 200 bases and 100% identity. Lactic acid bacteria dominated the bacterial core, but showed diverse responses to dietary ZnO. Of the dominant Lactobacillus spp., Lactobacillus reuteri was reduced due to increased dietary ZnO (44.7 vs. 17.9%; P=0.042), but L. amylovorus was not influenced. However, the changes of relative abundances of other lactic acid bacteria were more noteworthy; Weissella cibaria (10.7 vs. 23.0%; P=0.006), W. confusa (10.0 vs. 22.4%; P=0.037), Leuconostoc citreum (6.5 vs. 14.8%; P=0.009), Streptococcus equinus (0.14 vs. 1.0%; P=0.044), and S. lutetiensis (0.01 vs. 0.11%; P=0.016) increased in relative abundance. Nonlactic acid bacteria that were influenced by increased dietary ZnO included the strict anaerobic species, Sarcina ventriculi, which showed a strong numerical decrease in relative abundance (14.6 vs. 5.1%). Species of the Enterobacteriaceae increased their relative abundance, as well as species diversity, in the high dietary ZnO experimental group. Bacterial diversity indices were increased due to increased dietary ZnO (P < 0.05), which was traced back to the increase of sequences from subdominant species. Increased dietary ZnO led to an increase of less prominent species and, thus, had a major impact on the bacterial composition and diversity in piglets. This effect may help to stabilize the intestinal microbiota in the sensitive postweaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Bar-coded pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons reveals changes in ileal porcine bacterial communities due to high dietary zinc intake. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6689-91. [PMID: 20709843 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03075-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding high levels of zinc oxide to piglets significantly increased the relative abundance of ileal Weissella spp., Leuconostoc spp., and Streptococcus spp., reduced the occurrence of Sarcina spp. and Neisseria spp., and led to numerical increases of all Gram-negative facultative anaerobic genera. High dietary zinc oxide intake has a major impact on the porcine ileal bacterial composition.
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Abstract
The reported incidence of "pathogenic" bacteria, as judged by serotype, in the stools of children with acute diarrhoea has varied from 4 to 33% over the last twenty years. Techniques such as tissue culture provide a means for detecting enterotoxin-producing strains of bacteria, strains which often do not possess "pathogenic" serotypes. "Pathogenicity" requires redefinition, and the aetiological importance of bacteria in diarrhoea is probably considerably greater than previous reports have indicated. Colonization of the bowel by a pathogen will result in structural and/or mucosal abnormalities, and will depend on a series of complex interactions between the external environment, the pathogen, and the host and its resident bacterial flora. Enteropathogenic bacteria may be broadly classified as (i) invasive (e.g. Shigella, Salmonella and some Escherichia coli) which predominantly affect the distal bowel, or (ii) non-invasive (e.g. Vibrio cholerae and E. coli) which affect the proximal bowel. V. cholerae and E. coli elaborate heat-labile enterotoxins which activate adenylate cyclase and induce small intestinal secretion; the secretory effects of heat-stable E. coli and heat-labile Shigella dysenteriae enterotoxins are not accompanied by cyclase activation. The two major complications of acute diarrhoea are (i) hypernatraemic dehydration with its attendant neurological, renal and vascular lesions, and (ii) protracted diarrhoea which may lead to severe malnutrition. Deconjugation of bile salts and colonization of the small bowel with toxigenic strains of E. coli may be important in the pathophysiology of the protracted diarrhoea syndrome. The control of bacterial diarrhoea requires a corrdinated political, educational, social, public health and scientific attack. Bacterial diarrhoea is a major health problem throughout the world, and carries an appreciable morbidity and mortality. This is particularly the case during infancy, and in those developing parts of the world where malnutrition is common. This paper is concerned mainly with acute bacterial diarrhoea, and reviews the problem as a whole.
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Knöll H, Horschak R. Zur Ökologie der Gärungssarcinen Sarcina ventriculi und Sarcina maxima. J Basic Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.19730130510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Vatn S, Gunnes G, Nybø K, Juul HM. Possible involvement of Sarcina ventriculi in canine and equine acute gastric dilatation. Acta Vet Scand 2001. [PMID: 11126583 DOI: 10.1186/bf03549642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Vatn S, Tranulis MA, Hofshagen M. Sarcina -like bacteria, Clostridium fallax and Clostridium sordellii in lambs with abomasal bloat, haemorrhage and ulcers. J Comp Pathol 2000; 122:193-200. [PMID: 10684688 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A study of abomasal disease in lambs aged 2-5 weeks, made during the period 1993-1998, included 67 cases and 45 non-affected controls. Gross pathological findings included various combinations of bloat, haemorrhage and ulcers in the abomasum. Sarcina -like bacteria were found in sections and smears from the abomasum of 79% (53/67) of the cases. From one case, a lamb with abomasal bloat, the anaerobic "packet"-forming Sarcina ventriculi was cultivated from the abomasal contents and identified by biochemical reactions and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Sarcina -like bacteria were observed microscopically in specimens from 94% (44/47) of the lambs with abomasal gas and in 45% (9/20) of those with ulcers or haemorrhage or both but little gas. On culture, abomasal contents from 41 cases yielded Clostridium fallax from 16 (39%) and Clostridium sordellii from eight (20%); abomasal cultures from 30 control lambs were negative for the three bacterial species. Quantitative cultivation, carried out on abomasal contents from live lambs and lambs dead </=3 h, showed that Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp. were present in the majority of both cases and controls, with no significant differences in the mean numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vatn
- Department of Sheep and Goat Research, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Kyrkjevegen, Sandnes, 332/334,4325, Norway
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Abstract
Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a heterogeneous group of organisms defined by their morphological appearance and their inability to grow in the presence of oxygen; most clinical isolates are identified to species in the genus Peptostreptococcus. GPAC are part of the normal flora of all mucocutaneous surfaces and are often isolated from infections such as deep organ abscesses, obstetric and gynecological sepsis, and intraoral infections. They have been little studied for several reasons, which include an inadequate classification, difficulties with laboratory identification, and the mixed nature of the infections from which they are usually isolated. Nucleic acid studies indicate that the classification is in need of radical revision at the genus level. Several species of Peptostreptococcus have recently been described, but others still await formal recognition. Identification has been based on carbohydrate fermentation tests, but most GPAC are asaccharolytic and use the products of protein degradation for their metabolism; the introduction of commercially available preformed enzyme kits affords a physiologically more appropriate method of identification, which is simple and relatively rapid and can be used in routine diagnostic laboratories. Recent reports have documented the isolation in pure culture of several species, notably Peptostreptococcus magnus, from serious infections. Studies of P. magnus have elucidated several virulence factors which correlate with the site of infection, and reveal some similarities to Staphylococcus aureus. P. micros is a strongly proteolytic species; it is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen in intraoral infections, particularly periodontitis, and mixed anaerobic deep-organ abscesses. Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility patterns reveals major differences between species. Penicillins are the antibiotics of choice, although some strains of P. anaerobius show broad-spectrum beta-lactam resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Murdoch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Health Services NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Corry JE. A review. Possible sources of ethanol ante- and post-mortem: its relationship to the biochemistry and microbiology of decomposition. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1978; 44:1-56. [PMID: 344299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1978.tb00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Uphill PF, Jacob F, Lall P. Vitamin B12 production by the gastro-intestinal microflora of baboons fed either a vitamin B12 deficient diet or a diet supplemented with vitamin B12. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1977; 43:333-44. [PMID: 415032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1977.tb00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Drasar BS, Crowther JS, Goddard P, Hawksworth G, Hill MJ, Peach S, Williams RE, Renwick A. The relation between diet and the gut microflora in man. Proc Nutr Soc 1973; 32:49-52. [PMID: 4791056 DOI: 10.1079/pns19730014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Knöll H, Horschak R. Zur Ökologie der GärungssarcinenSarcina ventriculi undSarcina maxima. J Basic Microbiol 1973. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630130510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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