• physiology
• neuroscience

• BB/N004981/1 RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)

• Alternative healthy eating index
• CRY1
• Cardiovascular risk factors
• Interaction
• Obesity
• Overweight

• Humans
• Female
• Diet, Healthy
• Overweight/genetics
• Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
• Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Iran/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Obesity/genetics
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Diet/methods
• Heart Disease Risk Factors
• Hypertension
• Hyperglycemia/epidemiology
• Hyperglycemia/genetics
• Cryptochromes

• breakfast
• chrononutrition
• meal timing
• metabolic syndrome

• Adult
• Humans
• Metabolic Syndrome
• Breakfast
• Prospective Studies
• Prevalence
• Diet
• Neoplasms

• day work
• healthcare workers
• metabolic syndrome
• shift work

The Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) gene has been linked to metabolic dysfunction and obesity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CLOCK gene with obesity and with long-term weight response after different bariatric surgery (BS) techniques. The cohort includes 375 patients with morbid obesity (MO) and 230 controls. In the association study of SNPs with weight response we combined several variables as phenotype at 6 years after surgery. The study protocol was registered in ISRCTN (ID80961259). The analysis of the selected SNPs was performed by allelic discrimination using Taqman^® probes. The genotype association study was performed using the SNPStats program, with comparisons adjusted for sex, age, initial Body Mass Index, type 2 diabetes and hypertension diagnosis, and type of surgery. In the case-control study two of three SNPs were significantly associated with MO. The variant rs1801260 had a protective effect for MO whereas the TT genotype of rs3749474 variant had the strongest association with MO (OR = 2.25 (1.39–3.66); p = 0.0006). In the linear regression analysis both variants showed significant association with long-term weight loss and weight regain after BS, independently of the pre-surgery patient profile.

• Cardiometabolic traits
• Chronic kidney disease
• Cohort
• Mediation
• Past shift work
• Retirement

• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Cohort Studies
• Glomerular Filtration Rate
• Humans
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
• Risk Factors
• Shift Work Schedule

• Meta-analysis
• Metabolic syndrome
• Shift work

• Adult
• Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Risk Assessment
• Shift Work Schedule/adverse effects
• Time Factors

• biological sex
• circadian rhythm
• clock genes
• myocardial infarction

• IP8-FDMZ-2020 Croatian Ministry of Science and Education, the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Croatia

Melatonin is one of the most phylogenetically conserved signals in biology. Although its original function was probably related to its antioxidant capacity, this indoleamine has been “adopted” by multicellular organisms as the “darkness signal” when secreted in a circadian manner and is acutely suppressed by light at night by the pineal gland. However, melatonin is also produced by other tissues, which constitute its extrapineal sources. Apart from its undisputed chronobiotic function, melatonin exerts antioxidant, immunomodulatory, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects, with all these properties making it a powerful antitumor agent. Indeed, this activity has been demonstrated to be mediated by interfering with various cancer hallmarks, and different epidemiological studies have also linked light at night (melatonin suppression) with a higher incidence of different types of cancer. In 2007, the World Health Organization classified night shift work as a probable carcinogen due to circadian disruption, where melatonin plays a central role. Our aim is to review, from a global perspective, the role of melatonin both from pineal and extrapineal origin, as well as their possible interplay, as an intrinsic factor in the incidence, development, and progression of cancer. Particular emphasis will be placed not only on those mechanisms related to melatonin’s antioxidant nature but also on the recently described novel roles of melatonin in microbiota and epigenetic regulation.

• antioxidant
• antitumor
• cancer
• chronobiotic
• circadian
• extrapineal
• immunomodulatory
• light at night
• melatonin
• pineal

• animal research
• forced exercise
• forced wheel
• research guidelines
• rodent exercise

• Animal Experimentation/standards
• Animals
• Disease Models, Animal
• Exercise
• Exercise Test
• Female
• Humans
• Humidity
• Male
• Mice
• Physical Conditioning, Animal
• Rats
• Reproducibility of Results
• Risk
• Temperature

• care
• circadian rhythm
• hospitalization
• light
• noise
• nursing
• nursing activities
• protocol
• sleep quality

• Blood lipids level
• Cardiovascular disease
• Cholesterol
• Dyslipidemia
• Metabolic disease
• Night shift
• Preventive medicine
• Shift work
• Work conditions

Sleep and physical activity are modifiable behaviors that play an important role in preventing overweight, obesity, and metabolic health problems. Studies of the association between concurrent objective measures of sleep, physical activity, and metabolic risk factors among adolescents are limited.

The aim of the study was to examine the association between metabolic risk factors and objectively measured school day physical activity and sleep duration, quality, onset, and variability in adolescents.

We measured one school week of free-living sleep and physical activity with wrist actigraphy in 252 adolescents (146 girls), aged 15.8±0.3 years. Metabolic risk factors included body mass index, waist circumference, total body and trunk fat percentage, resting blood pressure, and fasting glucose and insulin levels. Multiple linear regression adjusted for sex, parental education, and day length was used to assess associations between metabolic risk factors and sleep and activity parameters.

On average, participants went to bed at 00:22±0.88 hours and slept 6.2±0.7 hours/night, with 0.83±0.36 hours of awakenings/night. However, night-to-night variability in sleep duration was considerable (mean ± interquartile range) 0.75±0.55 hours) and bedtime (0.64±0.53 hours) respectively. Neither average sleep duration nor mean bedtime was associated with any metabolic risk factors. However, greater night-to-night variability in sleep duration and bedtime was associated with higher total body and trunk fat percentage, and less physical activity was associated with higher trunk fat percentage and insulin levels.

Greater nightly variation in sleep duration and in bedtime and less physical activity were associated with a less favorable metabolic profile in adolescents. These findings support the idea that, along with an adequate amount of physical activity, a regular sleep schedule is important for the metabolic health of adolescents.

• cardiovascular diseases
• circadian rhythm
• clock genes
• myocardial infarction
• polymorphisms

• Cardiovascular risk factors
• Metabolic syndrome
• Night shift work
• Rotating shift work
• Shift workers

• Adult
• Humans
• Lipids/blood
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Melatonin/physiology
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Prevalence
• Shift Work Schedule

• Cardiovascular diseases
• Chronotype
• Circadian rhythm
• Clock genes
• Myocardial infarction

• ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
• Aged
• Circadian Clocks/genetics
• Circadian Rhythm/genetics
• Circadian Rhythm/physiology
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Period Circadian Proteins/genetics
• Phenotype
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
• Surveys and Questionnaires

• energy intake
• metabolic syndrome
• obesity
• sleep

• Chronodisruption
• Circadian rhythm
• Molecular clock
• Nothobranchius
• Shift-work

• Children
• Chronobiology
• Circadian rhythms
• Non-invasive tools

Adipose tissue releases bioactive mediators called adipokines. This review focuses on the effects of omentin, vaspin, cardiotrophin-1, Tumor necrosis factor-like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK) and nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV/CCN3) on obesity and diabetes. Omentin is produced by the stromal-vascular fraction of visceral adipose tissue. Obesity reduces omentin serum concentrations and adipose tissue secretion in adults and adolescents. This adipokine regulates insulin sensitivity, but its clinical relevance has to be confirmed. Vaspin is produced by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Vaspin levels are higher in obese subjects, as well as in subjects showing insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Cardiotrophin-1 is an adipokine with a similar structure as cytokines from interleukin-6 family. There is some controversy regarding the regulation of cardiotrophin-1 levels in obese -subjects, but gene expression levels of cardiotrophin-1 are down-regulated in white adipose tissue from diet-induced obese mice. It also shows anti-obesity and hypoglycemic properties. TWEAK is a potential regulator of the low-grade chronic inflammation characteristic of obesity. TWEAK levels seem not to be directly related to adiposity, and metabolic factors play a critical role in its regulation. Finally, a strong correlation has been found between plasma NOV/CCN3 concentration and fat mass. This adipokine improves insulin actions.

• TWEAK and NOV/CCN3
• adipokines
• cardiotrophin-1
• omentin
• vaspin

• Animals
• Cytokine TWEAK/genetics
• Cytokine TWEAK/metabolism
• Cytokines/genetics
• Cytokines/metabolism
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
• GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
• GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
• Humans
• Lectins/genetics
• Lectins/metabolism
• Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein/genetics
• Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein/metabolism
• Obesity/genetics
• Obesity/metabolism
• Obesity/pathology
• Serpins/genetics
• Serpins/metabolism

Aging is an emerging worldwide threat to public health, even in the workplace, as it links with risk of illness and death. Bewildered inflammatory responses and stressful conditions associate with age-related disorders. Additionally, circadian rhythm disruption, a critical health issue in night-shift workers, correlates with premature aging. We investigated the hypothesis of a link between altered inflammatory response, detected by plasmatic long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and biological aging, measured by leukocyte telomere length (LTL), attrition, and possibly induced by night-shift work. Within the framework of a cross-sectional study, such possible relationships were appraised by simultaneous equation model (SEM) technique among day and night-shift hospital workers. PTX3 levels, modulated by several aging conditions [i.e., body mass index (BMI) (beta = −0.22; p = 0.022), C-reactive protein (CRP) (beta = −0.07; p = 0.000), and cardiovascular diseases with hypertension included (CVD) (beta = −0.12; p = 0.000)], positively associate with LTL (coefficient = 0.15; p = 0.033). LTL, in turn is reduced by CVD (beta = −0.15; p = 0.000), binge drinking (beta = −0.10; p = 0.004), and CRP (beta = −0.05; p = 0.026). On the other hand, night-shift work, found to be remarkably free from aging risk factors [i.e., age (beta = −0.13; p = 0.017), BMI (beta = −0.17; p = 0.030), CVD (beta = −0.14; p = 0.000), and binge drinking (beta = −0.13; p = 0.000)], does associate almost significantly with reversed PTX3 (coefficient = −0.09; p = 0.089) and even with CRP (beta = 0.17; p = 0.000). In conclusion, the SEM analysis indicates that PTX3 is positively linked to LTL. The finding suggests a possible new role of this long pentraxin that, by orchestrating an efficient governance of inflammatory processes, may protect telomere from attrition, ensuring therefore the genetic stability of cells. The higher CRP levels among night-shift workers suggest that night-shift work is associated with increased systemic inflammation. This would make nocturnal workers more susceptible to premature aging.

• aging
• circadian rhythm
• genetic instability
• inflammation
• night-shift work
• pentraxin 3
• premature
• telomere

• dietary pattern
• lifestyle
• metabolic syndrome
• panel recommendation

• Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
• Diet
• Humans
• Life Style
• Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control
• Metabolic Syndrome/therapy