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Wang Y, Li Y, Yu X, Wang Y, Cai C, Li W, Liu H, Liang L. Epidemiological surveillance of avian coronavirus in China in 2024. Poult Sci 2025; 104:105251. [PMID: 40393094 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2025] [Revised: 05/01/2025] [Accepted: 05/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
To expand our understanding of the epidemiology of avian coronavirus (ACoV) in China, the risk-based active surveillance was carried out in China in 2024. A total of 7,699 avian swab samples were collected from 153 sampling sites in 13 provinces. One thousand fifty hundred and eighty-six ACoVs were detected and identified by RT-PCR and sequencing with a positive rate of 20.60 %, including 1,125 strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), 278 strains of duck coronavirus (DuCoV), 182 strains of pigeon coronavirus (PiCoV), and 1 strain of deltacoronavirus. Most ACoVs were detected from chickens, followed by pigeons, while others were collected from ducks and geese. The positivity rates for ACoV in poultry ranged from 2.91 % to 32.27 %. The viruses were detected from 86 sampling sites (56.21 %) in all 13 provinces surveyed. The positivity rates of ACoV in retail markets (98.08 %) and wholesale markets (100 %) were much higher than those in slaughterhouses (80.00 %) and poultry farms (20.25 %). 231 representative IBV strains from different regions were selected for S1 gene sequencing and genetic evolution analysis. The results revealed that the prevalent IBV in China comprised ten genotypes, meanwhile the recombinant variants were also detected. The viruses in GI-19 (35.06 %) and GVI-1 (33.77 %) were the predominant strains in China. Importantly, no cases of SARS-CoV-2 were found in the detected poultry samples. This study reveals the prevalence, distribution, genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of ACoV in China, and extends our understanding of the epidemiological context of ACoV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, No.1 Mingxian Road, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China
| | - Chengjie Cai
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China
| | - Libin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, No.1 Mingxian Road, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Pereira KAS, de Lima LNF, Botelho BJS, Lima CNC, Pinheiro WF, Eleres VM, dos Santos Brito WR, dos Santos BC, de Lima ACR, Lopes FT, Abreu IN, da Silva Torres MK, Lima SS, Monteiro JC, da Silva ANMR, Guerreiro JF, Vallinoto IMVC, Silva HP, Vallinoto ACR, Feitosa RNM. Socioecology and Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Quilombolas Living in the Brazilian Amazon. Am J Hum Biol 2025; 37:e70055. [PMID: 40317588 PMCID: PMC12048858 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.70055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study presents socioecological, epidemiological aspects, and the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a group of quilombola (afro-derived) communities in the states of Pará and Tocantins, in the Brazilian Amazon, to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among them. METHODS A total of 551 individuals participated. The detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was performed using an enzyme immunoassay. Socioeconomic and ecological data was collected from all participants 7 years of age or older who were not previously vaccinated. RESULTS The seroprevalence of antibodies in both states was 40.7% and was associated with factors such as age group, contact with infected individuals, and being in lockdown inside the quilombos. In Pará, a statistically significant association was observed between seroprevalence and females, and the age group of 12-18 years. In addition, seroprevalence in Pará was higher than in Tocantins, and the reported use of masks was a protective factor, while in Tocantins, the reported use of masks was associated with the presence of antibodies. There was no association between the prevalence of antibodies and the presence of COVID-19 symptoms in Pará. However, in Tocantins, diarrhea and loss of taste were associated with infection. CONCLUSIONS Quilombola are highly vulnerable groups due to the long history of enslavement in Brazil. This is the first investigation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its impact in these groups in the Amazon. The study helps us to understand the relationship of socioecological differences, behavioral characteristics, and the dynamics of viral transmission associated with the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 among traditional populations, and can be useful to the planning of more culturally adequate public health policies for future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keise Adrielle Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Lilian Natalia Ferreira de Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Universidade Do Estado Do TocantinsAugustinópolisTocantinsBrazil
| | | | - Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | | | | | - Wandrey Roberto dos Santos Brito
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | | | - Aline Cecy Rocha de Lima
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Felipe Teixeira Lopes
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Isabella Nogueira Abreu
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | | | | | - Andrea Nazaré Monteiro Rangel da Silva
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | | | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Hilton P. Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação Em Antropologia e Programa de Pós‐Graduação Em Saúde Coletiva Na AmazôniaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémBrazil
- Centro de Estudos Avançados MultidisciplinaresUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
- Research Center for Anthropology and HealthUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa
- Laboratório de VirologiaUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós‐graduação Em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e ParasitáriosUniversidade Federal Do ParáBelémParáBrazil
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Shin JM, Han M, Lee D, Seo J, Lee JM, Chang Y, Kim TH. Efficacy and Safety of a Medical Robot for Non-Face-to-Face Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimen Collection: Nonclinical and Clinical Trial Findings for COVID-19 Testing. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2025; 39:220-228. [PMID: 40025714 DOI: 10.1177/19458924251323363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo meet the high demand for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to diagnose COVID-19 and rapidly control the outbreak, an efficient and safe molecular diagnostic protocol is necessary. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of the medical robot developed for non-face-to-face nasopharyngeal swab specimen collection.MethodsIn a nonclinical study, an otorhinolaryngologist collected swab specimens manually and using a medical robot. In a single-institution, randomized, open-label, prospective, exploratory clinical trial, nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from the enrolled participants both manually and by using the medical robot.ResultsEvaluation of the efficacy and safety of nasopharyngeal swab collection using a medical robot was assessed. After the operation of the robot, subjective discomfort experienced by the participants and any side effects or abnormalities in the nose were also monitored. Preliminary nonclinical data revealed comparable results between robotic and manual methods in terms of RNA metrics and cytokeratin-8 expression. Minor initial damage to A549 cells by the robot improved with subsequent use. In the clinical setting, the robot-assisted technique yielded a 92.31% detection rate for human RNase P, while the manual method achieved 100%. Post-swabbing discomfort reported by participants was similar for both methods and resolved within 48 h.ConclusionsThe medical robot system could efficiently, safely, and accurately collect nasopharyngeal swab samples in a non-face-to-face manner. Its installation in respiratory clinics, airports, or ports could minimize the infection risk between individuals and healthcare workers, thereby contributing to an efficient distribution of medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Mucosal Immunology Institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Munsoo Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Mucosal Immunology Institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonho Seo
- Department of Medical Assistant Robot, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | | | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Mucosal Immunology Institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Schönfelder J, El Ayoubi O, Havryliuk O, Groß R, Seidel A, Bakchoul T, Münch J, Jumaa H, Setz CS. Mimicking immune complexes for efficient antibody responses. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1570487. [PMID: 40356891 PMCID: PMC12066251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1570487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Efficient antibody responses are crucial for combating infectious diseases and vaccination remains a cornerstone of this effort. This study introduces a novel approach for enhancing immune responses in wild-type mice by utilizing pre-formed immune complexes, using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 as a model antigen to illustrate the broader potential of the concept. Specifically, we found that pre-treating the antigen with bis-maleimide, a chemical linker that facilitates protein cross-linking, significantly enhances antibody production. Moreover, in vitro cross-linking of antigen to unrelated IgG using bis-maleimide generated immune complexes that markedly enhanced antigen-specific antibody responses, likely by mimicking natural memory-like mechanisms, suggesting that bis-maleimide pre-treated antigens may similarly engage IgG in vivo. In contrast, antigen crosslinking with IgA or IgM did not yield comparable effects, highlighting the unique capacity of IgG to boost immunogenicity. By leveraging the principles of immune memory, this study demonstrates the potential of pre-formed immune complexes to significantly enhance vaccine efficacy using an antigen-independent strategy broadly applicable to diverse pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar El Ayoubi
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oles Havryliuk
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alina Seidel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Corinna S. Setz
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Luganini A, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Gribaudo G. DHODH inhibitors: What will it take to get them into the clinic as antivirals? Antiviral Res 2025; 236:106099. [PMID: 39938808 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025]
Abstract
The emergence of new human viruses with epidemic or pandemic potential has reaffirmed the urgency to develop effective broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAs) as part of a strategic framework for pandemic prevention and preparedness. To this end, the host nucleotide metabolic pathway has been subject to intense investigation in the search for host-targeting agents (HTAs) with potential BSA activity. In particular, human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, has been identified as a preferential target of new HTAs. Viral replication in fact relies on cellular pyrimidine replenishment, making hDHODH an ideal HTA target. The depletion of the host pyrimidine pool that ensues the pharmacological inhibition of hDHODH activity elicits effective BSA activity through three distinct mechanisms: it blocks viral DNA and RNA synthesis; it activates effector mechanisms of the host innate antiviral response; and it mitigates the virus-induced inflammatory response. However, despite the spectacular results obtained in vitro, the hDHODH inhibitors examined as mono-drug therapies in animal models of human viral infections and in clinical trials have produced disappointing levels of overall antiviral efficacy. To overcome this inherent limitation, pharmacological strategies based on multi-drug combination treatments should be considered to enable efficacy of hDHODH-targeted antiviral therapies. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of antiviral applications of hDHODH inhibitors, discuss the challenges that have emerged from their testing in animal models and human clinical trials and consider how they might be addressed to advance the development of hDHODH inhibitors as BSA for the treatment of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123, Turin, Italy.
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He MZ, Zhang HT, Yang Y, Fang Y, Zhang M, Deng SQ, Sun X. Coinfection of COVID-19 and malaria: clinical profiles, interactions, and strategies for effective control. Malar J 2025; 24:99. [PMID: 40133914 PMCID: PMC11938571 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-025-05315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Since SARS-CoV-2 has caused unprecedented changes in the epidemiology of other infectious diseases, investigations on coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and one of the famous vector-borne diseases, malaria, are crucial for disease control, especially in malaria-endemic areas. The clinical profiles, possible mechanisms for interactions, and representative control measures of COVID-19 and malaria coinfections have recently garnered public attention. The overlap in epidemiology, infection incubation, and clinical symptoms between COVID-19 and malaria coinfections has been thoroughly discussed to provide a detailed diagnostic procedure for coinfections, thereby guiding appropriate clinical interventions. Immunological and genetic evidence has shown that previous malaria exposure may protect the body from the poor prognosis of COVID-19. ACE2 downregulation and TLR-induced pathways play a role in this protective effect, as do CD8 + and CD4 + T-cell activation and coinhibitory receptor upregulation, which help maintain a balance of immune reactions. Finally, multiple control measures for coinfections were discussed, and malaria control efforts were enriched in the context of COVID-19. These efforts included (1) developing vaccinations; (2) evaluating the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs in the SARS-CoV-2 treatment; (3) exploring recent advances in natural products that are potentially useful for coinfection treatment; (4) researching and implementing bioinsecticides for malaria control, such as gene-driven mosquitoes, fungi, and bacterial symbionts; and (5) improving national electronic disease surveillance platforms in malaria-endemic regions. At last, the above findings summarized valuable lessons about malaria and COVID-19 control and expedite further investigations on coinfections with complex clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Zi He
- Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, The Third Clinical Medical College of the Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hai-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, The Third Clinical Medical College of the Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, The Third Clinical Medical College of the Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, The Third Clinical Medical College of the Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng-Qun Deng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, The Third Clinical Medical College of the Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
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Papa V, Li Pomi F, Di Gioacchino M, Mangifesta R, Borgia F, Gangemi S. Mast Cells and Microbiome in Health and Disease. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2025; 30:26283. [PMID: 40152378 DOI: 10.31083/fbl26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Inter-kingdom communication between human microbiota and mast cells (MCs), as sentinels of innate immunity, is crucial in determining health and disease. This complex signaling hub involves micro-organisms and, more importantly, their metabolic products. Gut microbiota is the host's largest symbiotic ecosystem and, under physiological conditions, it plays a vital role in mediating MCs tolerogenic priming, thus ensuring immune homeostasis across organs. Conversely, intestinal dysbiosis of various etiologies promotes MC-oriented inflammation along major body axes, including gut-skin, gut-lung, gut-liver, and gut-brain. This review of international scientific literature provides a comprehensive overview of the cross-talk under investigation. This process is a key biological event involved in disease development across clinical fields, with significant prognostic and therapeutic implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Papa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CAST), G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65121 Pescara, Italy
| | - Rocco Mangifesta
- Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CAST), G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Li Y, Viswaroopan D, He W, Li J, Zuo X, Xu H, Tao C. Enhancing Relation Extraction for COVID-19 Vaccine Shot-Adverse Event Associations with Large Language Models. RESEARCH SQUARE 2025:rs.3.rs-6201919. [PMID: 40166033 PMCID: PMC11957213 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6201919/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Objective The rapid evolution of the COVID-19 virus has led to the development of different vaccine shots, each designed to combat specific variants and enhance overall efficacy. While vaccines have been crucial in controlling the spread of the virus, they can also cause adverse events (AEs). Understanding these relationships is vital for vaccine safety monitoring and surveillance. Methods In our study, we collected data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and social media platforms (Twitter and Reddit) to extract relationships between COVID-19 vaccine shots and adverse events. The dataset comprised 771 relation pairs, enabling a comprehensive analysis of adverse event patterns. We employed state-of-the-art GPT models, including GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, alongside traditional models such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and BioBERT, to extract these relationships. Additionally, we used two sets of post-processing rules to further refine the extracted relations. Evaluation metrics including precision, recall, and F1-score were used to assess the performance of our models in extracting these relationships accurately. Results The most commonly reported AEs following the primary series of COVID-19 vaccines include arm soreness, fatigue, and headache, while the spectrum of AEs following boosters is more diverse. In relation extraction, fine-tuned GPT-3.5 with Sentence-based Relation Identification achieved the highest precision of 0.94 and a perfect recall of 1, resulting in an impressive F1 score of 0.97. Conclusion This study advances biomedical informatics by showing how large language models and deep learning models can extract relationships between vaccine shots and adverse events from VAERS and social media. These findings improve vaccine safety monitoring and clinical practice by enhancing our understanding of post-vaccination symptoms. The study sets a precedent for future research in natural language processing and biomedical informatics, with potential applications in pharmacovigilance and clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | | | | | - Xu Zuo
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Lundberg AL, Soetikno AG, Wu SA, Ozer E, Welch SB, Liu Y, Hawkins C, Mason M, Murphy R, Havey RJ, Moss CB, Achenbach CJ, Post LA. Updated Surveillance Metrics and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023) in East Asia and the Pacific Region: Longitudinal Trend Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025; 11:e53214. [PMID: 39804185 PMCID: PMC11890137 DOI: 10.2196/53214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 01/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study updates the COVID-19 pandemic surveillance in East Asia and the Pacific region that we first conducted in 2020 with 2 additional years of data for the region. OBJECTIVE First, we aimed to measure whether there was an expansion or contraction of the pandemic in East Asia and the Pacific region when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency of international concern on May 5, 2023. Second, we used dynamic and genomic surveillance methods to describe the dynamic history of the pandemic in the region and situate the window of the WHO declaration within the broader history. Finally, we aimed to provide historical context for the course of the pandemic in East Asia and the Pacific region. METHODS In addition to updates of traditional surveillance data and dynamic panel estimates from the original study, this study used data on sequenced SARS-CoV-2 variants from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data to identify the appearance and duration of variants of concern. We used Nextclade nomenclature to collect clade designations from sequences and Pangolin nomenclature for lineage designations of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we conducted a 1-sided t test to determine whether the regional weekly speed was greater than an outbreak threshold of 10. We ran the test iteratively with 6 months of data across the sample period. RESULTS Several countries in East Asia and the Pacific region had COVID-19 transmission rates above an outbreak threshold at the point of the WHO declaration (Brunei, New Zealand, Australia, and South Korea). However, the regional transmission rate had remained below the outbreak threshold for 4 months. In the rolling 6-month window t test for regional outbreak status, the final P value ≤.10 implies a rejection of the null hypothesis (at the α=.10 level) that the region as a whole was not in an outbreak for the period from November 5, 2022, to May 5, 2023. From January 2022 onward, nearly every sequenced SARS-CoV-2 specimen in the region was identified as the Omicron variant. CONCLUSIONS While COVID-19 continued to circulate in East Asia and the Pacific region, transmission rates had fallen below outbreak status by the time of the WHO declaration. Compared to other global regions, East Asia and the Pacific region had the latest outbreaks driven by the Omicron variant. COVID-19 appears to be endemic in the region, no longer reaching the threshold for a pandemic definition. However, the late outbreaks raise uncertainty about whether the pandemic was truly over in the region at the time of the WHO declaration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Lundberg
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alan G Soetikno
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Scott A Wu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Egon Ozer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah B Welch
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yingxuan Liu
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Claudia Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Global Communicable and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Robert J Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maryann Mason
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Robert J Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert J Havey
- Robert J Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charles B Moss
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chad J Achenbach
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Robert J Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lori Ann Post
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Robert J Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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10
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Meng Z, Song L, Wang S, Duan G. Investigating Drug-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction Adverse Events Associated With Non-Selective RET Multi-Kinase Inhibitors: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis Utilizing FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Data. Clin Epidemiol 2025; 17:87-104. [PMID: 39989882 PMCID: PMC11844211 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s494215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the potential association between non-selective RET kinase inhibitors and thyroid dysfunction (TD) by conducting a pharmacovigilance analysis using data from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods Data for non-selective RET MKIs were obtained from the FAERS database, spanning the first quarter of 2015 to the fourth quarter of 2023. Disproportionality analysis was used to quantify the AE signals associated with non-selective RET MKIs and to identify TD AEs. Subgroup analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the factors influencing the occurrence of TD AEs. Time-to-onset (TTO) analysis and the Weibull Shape Parameter (WSP) test were also performed. Results Descriptive analysis revealed an increasing trend in TD adverse events linked to non-selective RET MKIs, with a notable proportion of serious reactions reported. Disproportionality analysis using ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and EBGM algorithms consistently demonstrated a positive association between Sunitinib, Cabozantinib, and Lenvatinib with TD adverse events. Subgroup analyses highlighted differential susceptibility to TD based on age, gender, and weight, with varying patterns observed for each inhibitor. Logistic regression analyses identified factors independently influencing the occurrence of TD adverse events, emphasizing the importance of age, gender, and weight in patient stratification. Time-to-onset analysis indicated early manifestation of TD adverse events following treatment with non-selective RET MKIs, with a decreasing risk over time. Conclusion The results of our study indicate a correlation between the use of non-selective RET MKIs and the occurrence of TD AEs. This may provide support for the clinical monitoring and risk identification of non-selective RET MKIs. Nevertheless, further clinical studies are required to substantiate the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuda Meng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Changzhi People’s Hospital, Changzhi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Song
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Duan
- Radiotherapy Department, Shanxi Provincial Peoples Hospital: Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Qi J, Chen C, Zhang S, Chen M, Cao K, Zhou W, Qu R, Miao J, Wu X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhou J, Yan R, Xiao Y, Yang S. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the burden of maternal and neonatal disorders: A counterfactual modeling based on the global burden of disease study (2021). Soc Sci Med 2025; 366:117667. [PMID: 39778437 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the COVID-19 pandemic, global health systems faced unprecedented challenges, as well as in maternal and neonatal health, thus this study aims to clarify the impacts of COVID-19 on maternal and neonatal disorders (MNDs), regional variations, and the role of economic support. METHODS We have developed a counterfactual model integrating Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Long Short-Term Memory models to forecast the burden of MNDs from 2020 To et al., 2021, which was compared with the actual burden to quantify the specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MNDs. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden of MNDs surpassed predictions, particularly in Russia, where incidence was about 10.20% higher than expected. In Tokelau, neonatal disorders increased by 412.35% in DALYs. The incidence of maternal disorders in Russia has increased by 12.00%, with maternal abortion and miscarriage increasing by 23.08%. The incidence and prevalence of maternal hypertensive disorders, the incidence of hemolytic disease and other neonatal jaundice and neonatal preterm birth accelerated. In low and low-middle Socio-demographic Index countries, mortality rates from maternal abortion and miscarriage, maternal obstructed labor and uterine rupture, neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma significantly increased. Similarly, countries with a low economic support index saw higher burden for these conditions, with the burden decreasing as economic support improved. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately increased the burden of MNDs in countries with lower economic support, highlighting the critical need for strengthened global economic support, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siheng Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Mengsha Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Qu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Miao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingtong Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Shigui Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Wang S, Sun J, Hu Y, Zhang W, Qin B, Li M, Zhang N, Wang S, Zhou T, Liu M, Ma C, Deng X, Bai Y, Qu G, Liu L, Shi H, Zhou B, Li K, Yang B, Li S, Wang F, Ma J, Zhang L, Wang Y, An L, Liu W, Chang Q, Zhang R, Yin X, Yang Y, Ao Q, Ma Q, Yan S, Huang H, Song P, Zhao S, Gao L, Lu W, Xu L, Lei L, Wang K, Song Q, Zhang Z, Fang X, He Y, Zhang Q, Jia J, Zhu P. Clinical and Multiorgan Proteomics Characteristics of the Diverse Fatal Phase in Super Elderly Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Descriptive Study. J Med Virol 2025; 97:e70207. [PMID: 39921383 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.70207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025]
Abstract
This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with clinical outcomes and the proteomic changes in organs related to fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection within the super-elderly population. This retrospective analysis included all elderly individuals with COVID-19 admitted to the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from December 2022 to January 2023. The follow-up period ended on March 30, 2023. During this time, epidemiological, demographic, laboratory, and outcome data were analyzed descriptively. Proteomic sequencing was performed on super-elderly patients who died from COVID-19 at different stages of the disease. A total of 352 elderly COVID-19 patients, with a mean age of 89.84 ± 8.54 years, were included in this study. During a median follow-up period of 98 days, 79 patients died. Deceased patients were older and more likely to have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, with a lower prevalence of lipid-lowering therapy. The number of deaths in the acute and post-acute phases were 34 and 45, respectively. Proteomics data suggest that the immune systems of patients who died in the acute phase underwent a more rapid and severe onslaught. Patients in the post-acute phase showed higher levels of viral genome replication and a more robust immune response. However, the over-activation of the immune system led to systemic organ dysfunction. Effective management of comorbidities may improve the prognosis of COVID-19 in super-elderly patients. The continuous replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its subsequent impact on the immune system are critical determinants of survival time in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Hu
- Institute of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Integrative Therapy, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bangguo Qin
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shengshu Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyu Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Anti-NBC Medicine, Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Health Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Geping Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangguo Ao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangtong Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Huang
- Department of MedicaI Oncology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of MedicaI Oncology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Department of MedicaI Oncology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linggen Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenning Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lining Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Health Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqun Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao He
- Institute of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Second Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Jia
- Institute of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhang W, Huang Y, Wang Y, Lu Z, Sun J, Jing M. Risk assessment of infection of COVID-19 contacts based on scenario simulation. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2025; 45:322-341. [PMID: 39074840 PMCID: PMC11787960 DOI: 10.1111/risa.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
We constructed a rapid infection risk assessment model for contacts of COVID-19. The improved Wells-Riley model was used to estimate the probability of infection for contacts of COVID-19 in the same place and evaluate their risk grades. We used COVID-19 outbreaks that were documented to validate the accuracy of the model. We analyzed the relationship between controllable factors and infection probability and constructed common scenarios to analyze the infection risk of contacts in different scenarios. The model showed the robustness of the fitting (mean relative error = 5.89%, mean absolute error = 2.03%, root mean squared error = 2.03%, R2 = 0.991). We found that improving ventilation from poorly ventilated to naturally ventilated and wearing masks can reduce the probability of infection by about two times. Contacts in places of light activity, loud talking or singing, and heavy exercise, oral breathing (e.g., gyms, KTV, choirs) were at higher risk of infection. The model constructed in this study can quickly and accurately assess the infection risk grades of COVID-19 contacts. Simply opening doors and windows for ventilation can significantly reduce the risk of infection in certain places. The places of light activity, loud talking or singing, and heavy exercise, oral breathing, should pay more attention to prevent and control transmission of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Wen Zhang
- Department of Preventive MedicineShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health SecurityThe Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsXinjiangChina
| | - Yan‐Ran Huang
- Department of Preventive MedicineShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health SecurityThe Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsXinjiangChina
| | - Yu‐Yuan Wang
- Department of Preventive MedicineShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health SecurityThe Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsXinjiangChina
| | - Ze‐Xi Lu
- Department of Preventive MedicineShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health SecurityThe Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsXinjiangChina
| | - Jia‐Lin Sun
- Department of Preventive MedicineShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health SecurityThe Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsXinjiangChina
| | - Ming‐Xia Jing
- Department of Preventive MedicineShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health SecurityThe Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsXinjiangChina
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14
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Alshamrani M, Farahat F, Albarrak A, El-Saed A, Shibl AM, Memish ZA, Mousa M, Haridy H, Althaqafi A. Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases. J Infect Public Health 2025; 18:102600. [PMID: 39689411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This review evaluated the frequency of, and outcomes associated with, bacterial, fungal, and viral coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 in Middle Eastern countries via a PubMed search through February 2023. Ninety articles reported bacterial (n = 57), fungal (n = 32), and viral (n = 32) coinfections. High frequencies of coinfection with COVID-19 were identified, with rates and outcomes varying by setting, pathogen, surveillance/detection method, population characteristics, and drug-resistance status. Mortality rates were higher in patients with community-acquired (10.0 -42.9 %) and hospital-acquired (51.5 -66 %) bacterial coinfection versus those without (10.5 -21.7 %). Outcomes were worse with than without fungal coinfection, and fatality rates with mucormycosis coinfection reached 66.7 %. Outcomes with viral coinfection were highly variable; however, some data suggested a positive corelation between COVID-19 severity and influenza A and adenovirus coinfection. The negative outcomes associated with bacterial, fungal and some viral coinfections in individuals with COVID-19 support regular vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases caused by these pathogens, especially among at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Alshamrani
- Infection Prevention and Control Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fayssal Farahat
- Infection Prevention and Control Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Albarrak
- Infectious Disease Division, Internal Medicine Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, King Abdulaziz Street, Alwazarat Area, Riyadh 11165, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aiman El-Saed
- Infection Prevention and Control Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Atef M Shibl
- Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; King Salman Humanitarian Aid & Relief Center, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mostafa Mousa
- Pfizer Medical Affairs, King Abdullah Financial District Building 4.07, 13519 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hammam Haridy
- Pfizer Medical & Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Building 6, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdulhakeem Althaqafi
- Adult Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Yu L, Xu C, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Hu Z, Li L, Li Y, Tian J, Xu M. Top 100 cited research on COVID-19 vaccines: A bibliometric analysis and evidence mapping. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2370605. [PMID: 38977415 PMCID: PMC11232646 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2370605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 has seriously affected the whole society, and vaccines were the most effective means to contain the epidemic. This paper aims to determine the top 100 articles cited most frequently in COVID-19 vaccines and to analyze the research status and hot spots in this field through bibliometrics, to provide a reference for future research. We conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection database on November 29, 2023, and identified the top 100 articles by ranking them from highest to lowest citation frequency. In addition, we analyzed the year of publication, citation, author, country, institution, journal, and keywords with Microsoft Excel 2019 and VOSviewer 1.6.18. Research focused on vaccine immunogenicity and safety, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccination intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yu
- Child Rehabilitation Department, Gansu Rehabilitation Center Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Caihua Xu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongjia Zhou
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiruo Hu
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Li
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingli Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Health Vocational College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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16
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Mazzei L, Ranieri S, Silvestri D, Greene-Cramer R, Cioffi C, Montelione GT, Ciurli S. An isothermal calorimetry assay for determining steady state kinetic and Ensitrelvir inhibition parameters for SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:32175. [PMID: 39741150 PMCID: PMC11688438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
This manuscript details the application of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) to characterize the kinetics of 3CLpro, the main protease from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and its inhibition by Ensitrelvir, a known non-covalent inhibitor. 3CLpro is essential for producing the proteins necessary for viral infection, which led to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ITC-based assay provided rapid and reliable measurements of 3CLpro activity, allowing for the direct derivation of the kinetic enzymatic constants KM and kcat by monitoring the thermal power required to maintain a constant temperature as the substrate is consumed. The manuscript highlights several advantages of the proposed ITC-based assay over traditional methods used to study 3CLpro, such as Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and overcomes the need for non-biological substrates or discontinuous post-reaction steps. The ease of application of the ITC method allowed for the determination of the temperature dependence of the catalytic constants, enabling the estimation of the reaction activation energy. Additionally, the assay was used to determine the inhibition mode and kinetic parameters for 3CLpro inhibition by Ensitrelvir. This molecule was revealed to act as a slow- and tight-binding inhibitor that forms an initial E•I complex (KI = 9.9 ± 0.7 nM) quickly transitioning to a tighter E•I* assembly (KI* = 1.1 ± 0.2 nM). This versatile calorimetric method is proposed for general use in the discovery and development of drugs targeting 3CLpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sofia Ranieri
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Silvestri
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rebecca Greene-Cramer
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Christopher Cioffi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Gaetano T Montelione
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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Gevorgyan S, Khachatryan H, Shavina A, Gharaghani S, Zakaryan H. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease: a comprehensive approach using advanced virtual screening, molecular dynamics, and in vitro validation. Virol J 2024; 21:330. [PMID: 39707350 PMCID: PMC11662536 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, necessitates the development of effective therapeutics. The main protease of the virus, Mpro, is a key target due to its crucial role in viral replication. Our study presents a novel approach combining ligand-based pharmacophore modeling with structure-based advanced virtual screening to identify potential inhibitors of Mpro. We screened around 200 million compounds using this integrated methodology, resulting in a shortlist of promising compounds. These were further scrutinized through molecular dynamics simulations, revealing their interaction dynamics with Mpro. Subsequent in vitro assays using the Mpro enzyme identified two compounds exhibiting significant micromolar inhibitory activity. These findings provide valuable scaffolds for the development of advanced therapeutics targeting Mpro. The comprehensive nature of our approach, spanning computational predictions to experimental validations, offers a robust pathway for rapid and efficient identification of potential drug candidates against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smbat Gevorgyan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery. Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Denovo Sciences Inc, 0060, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Hamlet Khachatryan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery. Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
- Denovo Sciences Inc, 0060, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anastasiya Shavina
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery. Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
- Denovo Sciences Inc, 0060, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Denovo Sciences Inc, 0060, Yerevan, Armenia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design (LBD), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hovakim Zakaryan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery. Institute of Molecular Biology of National Academy of Sciences, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
- Denovo Sciences Inc, 0060, Yerevan, Armenia
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18
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Du J, Luo H, Ye S, Zhang H, Zheng Z, Liu K. Unraveling IFI44L's biofunction in human disease. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1436576. [PMID: 39737399 PMCID: PMC11682996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1436576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced protein 44-like (IFI44L) is regarded as an immune-related gene and is a member of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). They participate in network transduction, and its own epigenetic modifications, apoptosis, cell-matrix formation, and many other pathways in tumors, autoimmune diseases, and viral infections. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the onset and biological mechanisms of IFI44L and its potential clinical applications in malignant tumors and non-neoplastic diseases.
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Wang Z, Meng S, Fan Y, Liu J, Zhao L, Cui Y, Xie K. Long-term trends and comparison of the burden of lower respiratory tract infections in China and globally from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1507672. [PMID: 39720797 PMCID: PMC11666531 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1507672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to describe the temporal trends in the age and sex burdens of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 and to analyze their epidemiological characteristics to formulate corresponding strategies to control LRIs. Methods This study utilized open data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021 to assess the burden of disease based on the prevalence, incidence, mortality, years lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of LRIs in China and globally. Moreover, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of LRIs in China and globally was conducted via the Joinpoint regression model, age-period-cohort model (APC model), and stratified analysis of the study method from multiple dimensions, such as age, sex, and period. Finally, we used an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the disease burden in LRIs over the next 15 years. Results From 1990 to 2021, China's age-standardized incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates per 100,000 people decreased from 5,481.13 (95% CI: 5,149.05, 5,836.35) to 2,853.81 (95% CI: 2,663.94, 3,067.55), from 60.65 (95% CI. 52.96, 66.66) to 14.03 (95% CI: 11.68, 17) and from 3,128.39 (95% CI: 2,724.11, 3,579.57) to 347.67 (95% CI: 301.28, 402.94). The global age-standardized incidence, deaths, and DALY rates per 100,000 people, on the other hand, decreased from 6,373.17 (95% CI: 5,993.51, 6,746.04) to 4,283.61 (95% CI: 4,057.03, 4,524.89) and from 61.81 (95% CI: 56.66, 66.74) to 28.67 (95% CI: 25.92, 31.07) and from 3,472.9 (95% CI: 3,090.71, 3,872.11) to 1,168.8 (95% CI: 1,016.96, 1,336.95). The decline in the aforementioned indicators is greater in the female population than in the male population, and the decrease in China is more pronounced than the global trend. In China, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of LRIs showed an annual average percentage change (AAPC) of -2.12 (95% CI: -2.20, -2.03) and -4.77 (95% CI: -5.14, -4.39), respectively. Globally, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for LRIs decreased by -1.28 (95% CI: -1.37, -1.18) and -2.47 (95% CI: -2.61, -2.32). By 2036, the incidence of lower respiratory infections (LRI) among men and women in China is projected to decrease by 36.55 and 46.87%, respectively, while the mortality rates are expected to decline to 12.67% for men and increase by 71.85% for women. In comparison, the global decline in LRI incidence is lower than that observed in China, yet the reduction in mortality rates is greater globally than in China. Conclusions Age-standardized incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) decreased more in China than at the global level between 1990 and 2021. Compared with the previous period, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant decrease in the disease burden of LRIs. As the population continues to age, the disease burden of LRIs in the old adult population will become a major new public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuqi Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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20
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Zhuang M, Zhai L, Zhang H, Chen Q, Xiong R, Liu Y, Zhu F. Rural residents' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in relation to infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic: a cross-sectional study of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1450744. [PMID: 39697290 PMCID: PMC11652518 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1450744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the field of public health, the prevention and management of infectious diseases in rural regions have always been crucial. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing rural residents' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices and their correlation with infection risk during the late stage of an epidemic, with a focus on the COVID-19 case. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural regions of China's Guangdong province, using a multi-stage sampling technique to select rural residents for a validated questionnaire survey in February 2023. Descriptive statistical method was used to describe the infection status of rural residents and Chi-Square Test was used to explore the influencing factors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in this population. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the presence of a statistically significant association between explanatory variables and outcome variables at corresponding 95% CI. Results A total of 3,125 rural residents were investigated, of whom 805 had never been infected with COVID-19. The survey participants had an average score of 5.84 ± 1.419 for COVID-19 knowledge. (The total score range is from 0 to 8. A score greater than 6.4 indicates good knowledge acquisition.) Regarding the attitude and practice sections, the average scores were 23.68 ± 3.169 and 23.45 ± 5.030, respectively. (The total score range of both these sections is from 0 to 32. A score greater than 25.6 represents positive attitudes and good practices.) The reduction of COVID-19 risk is significantly associated with an increase in Knowledge scores (p trend < 0.01). In stratified analyses, the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices scores of residents in each region have varying degrees of correlation with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion Rural residents' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on COVID-19 prevention and control requires improvement. Efforts to promote their' perceptions and habits regarding COVID-19 prevention and control are crucial in reducing the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Zhuang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Health Economics and Health Promotion Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixiang Zhai
- Guangdong Health Economics and Health Promotion Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Health Economics and Health Promotion Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Xiong
- Guangdong Health Economics and Health Promotion Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Guangdong Health Economics and Health Promotion Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyi Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Health Economics and Health Promotion Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Leal KNDS, Santos da Silva AB, Fonseca EKB, Moreira OBDO, de Lemos LM, Leal de Oliveira MA, Stewart AJ, Arruda MAZ. Metallomic analysis of urine from individuals with and without Covid-19 infection reveals extensive alterations in metal homeostasis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 86:127557. [PMID: 39500269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal ions perform important functions in the body and their concentrations in cells and tissues are tightly controlled. Alterations in metal homeostasis can occur in certain disease states including infection. In this study urinary excretion of several metals including calcium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, nickel, selenium, and zinc in Covid-19 patients (n=35) and control (n=60) individuals, spanning ages and sexes. METHODS Urinary samples were analysed using ICP-MS and the differences in metal concentrations between the Covid-19-infected and control groups were assessed using multivariate data analysis and univariate data analysis employing Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation, with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS The urinary concentrations of all metals analysed were significantly higher in the Covid-infected group (compared to controls), with the exception of copper, which was markedly reduced. The increase in calcium excretion was lower and magnesium excretion greater in Covid-19-positive individuals aged 41 or over compared to those aged 40 or lower. Whilst the increase in iron excretion was lower, and cobalt excretion greater in Covid-19-positive males compared to females. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights significant alterations in the handling of a range of metals in the body during Covid-19 infection. It also highlights both age and sex-specific differences in metal homeostasis. The results suggest an important role for copper in the body during Covid-19 infection and suggests that urinary concentrations of copper and other metals may serve as markers to predict progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketolly Natanne da Silva Leal
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Beatriz Santos da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Elisânia Kelly Barbosa Fonseca
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Olívia Brito de Oliveira Moreira
- Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics Group (GQAQ), Institute of Exact Sciences, Juiz de Fora Federal University - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-90, Brazil
| | | | - Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics Group (GQAQ), Institute of Exact Sciences, Juiz de Fora Federal University - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-90, Brazil
| | - Alan J Stewart
- School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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22
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Wu Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Bai X, Liu Y. Bioinformatics and systems-biology approach to identify common pathogenic mechanisms for COVID-19 and systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2304826. [PMID: 38332666 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2304826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought a heavy burden to the world, interestingly, it shares many clinical symptoms with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is unclear whether there is a similar pathological process between COVID-9 and SLE. In addition, we don't know how to treat SLE patients with COVID-19. In this study, we analyse the potential similar pathogenesis between SLE and COVID-19 and explore their possible drug regimens using bioinformatics and systems biology approaches. METHODS The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from the COVID-19 datasets and the SLE datasets for functional enrichment, pathway analysis and candidate drug analysis. RESULT Based on the two transcriptome datasets between COVID-19 and SLE, 325 common DEGs were selected. Hub genes were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. few found a variety of similar functional changes between COVID-19 and SLE, which may be related to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Besides, we explored the related regulatory networks. Then, through drug target matching, we found many candidate drugs for patients with COVID-19 only or COVID-19 combined with SLE. CONCLUSION COVID-19 and SLE patients share many common hub genes, related pathways and regulatory networks. Based on these common targets, we found many potential drugs that could be used in treating patient with COVID-19 or COVID-19 combined with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiufeng Bai
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li R, Tendu A, Kane Y, Omondi V, Ying J, Mao L, Xu S, Xu R, Chen X, Chen Y, Descorps-Declère S, Bienes KM, Fassatoui M, Hughes AC, Berthet N, Wong G. Differential prevalence and risk factors for infection with coronaviruses in bats collected from Yunnan Province, China. One Health 2024; 19:100923. [PMID: 39605930 PMCID: PMC11600012 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a threat to human health globally, as highlighted by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the COVID-19 pandemic. Bats from the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) are an important natural reservoir for CoVs. Here we report the differential prevalence of CoVs in bats within Yunnan Province across biological and ecological variables. We also show the coexistence of CoVs in individual bats and identify an additional putative host for SARS-related CoV, with higher dispersal capacity than other known hosts. Notably, 11 SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) were discovered in horseshoe bats (family Rhinolophidae) and a Chinese water myotis bat (Myotis laniger) by pan-CoV detection and Illumina sequencing. Our findings facilitate an understanding of the fundamental features of the distribution and circulation of CoVs in nature as well as zoonotic spillover risk in the One health framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiya Li
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai (now Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alexander Tendu
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai (now Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yakhouba Kane
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai (now Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Victor Omondi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Centre for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Unit of Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiaxu Ying
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Centre for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Unit of Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lingjing Mao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Centre for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Unit of Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shiman Xu
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai (now Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai (now Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai (now Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Kathrina Mae Bienes
- Centre for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Unit of Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meriem Fassatoui
- Centre for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Unit of Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Alice C. Hughes
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Nicolas Berthet
- Centre for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Unit of Discovery and Molecular Characterization of Pathogens, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Environnement et Risque Infectieux, Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gary Wong
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai (now Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Chen J, Hu Q, Zhong R, Li L, Kang Y, Chen L, Huang R, You J. Development and validation of nomogram models for severe and fatal COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:29146. [PMID: 39587251 PMCID: PMC11589750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exhibited escalating contagion and resistance to immunity, resulting in a surge in infections and severe cases. This study endeavors to formulate two nomogram predictive models aimed at discerning patients at heightened risk of severe and fatal outcomes upon hospital admission. The primary objective is to enhance clinical management protocols and mitigate the incidence of severe illness and mortality associated with COVID-19. METHODS 1600 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and discharged from Fujian Provincial Hospital were chosen as the subjects of this study. These patients were categorized into three groups: mild group (n = 940), severe group (n = 433), and fatal group (n = 227). The patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio. COVID-19 symptoms were treated as dependent variables, and univariate regression analysis was conducted for the laboratory indicators. Risk factors with p-values greater than 0.05 in the univariate regression analysis were eliminated. The remaining risk factors were then analyzed using direct multiple regression analysis to establish an unadjusted model. Subsequently, risk factors with p-values greater than 0.05 were further removed. Clinical characteristics were added to the model as adjustment factors, and the method of multiple stepwise regression analysis was employed to derive the final fully adjusted model. The severe and fatal COVID-19 models were converted into nomograms, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the discrimination of the nomogram models. Calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curves. Clinical benefit was evaluated by decision curve analysis. RESULTS Compared to the mild group, individuals in the severe COVID-19 group exhibited significant increases in age, neutrophil (NEU), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, alongside notable decreases in lymphocyte (LYM) and albumin (ALB) levels. Nomogram model incorporating age, NEU, LDH, LYM, and ALB demonstrated efficacy in predicting the onset of severe COVID-19 (AUC = 0.771). Furthermore, history of cerebral infarction and cancer, LDH and ALB as risk factors for fatal COVID-19 cases compared to the severe group. The nomogram model comprising these factors was capable of early identification of COVID-19 fatalities (AUC = 0.748). CONCLUSIONS Elevated age, NEU, and LDH levels, along with decreased LYM and albumin (ALB) levels, are risk factors for severe illness in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A history of cerebral infarction and tumors, along with elevated LDH and decreased ALB levels, are risk factors for death in critically ill patients. The nomogram model based on these factors can effectively predict the risk of severe or fatal illness from COVID-19, thereby assisting clinicians in timely interventions to reduce the rates of severe illness and mortality among hospitalized patients. However, the model faces challenges in processing longitudinal data and specific points in time, indicating that there is room for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingfeng Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xianyou County, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Ruifang Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanli Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jianbin You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Choi MH, Wan EYF, Wong ICK, Chan EWY, Chu WM, Tam AR, Yuen KY, Hung IFN. Comparative effectiveness of combination therapy with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and remdesivir versus monotherapy with remdesivir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a target trial emulation study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:1213-1224. [PMID: 39025098 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remdesivir (Veklury, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA) and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid, Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) were reported to improve the outcome of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms. Preclinical data suggest that nirmatrelvir-ritonavir might be more effective than remdesivir alone or in combination with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for people at high risk of severe COVID-19. We aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of combining remdesivir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir compared with using each drug alone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19. METHODS In this target trial emulation study, we used electronic health records of patients aged 18 years or older who received either combination treatment of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and remdesivir or monotherapy of either drug between March 16 and Dec 31, 2022, within 5 days of hospitalisation for COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to balance baseline patient characteristics across the treatment groups. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting weighting was used to compare the risk of all-cause mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or ventilatory support for 90 days of follow-up between groups. FINDINGS Between March 16 and Dec 31, 2022, 18 196 participants were identified from electronic health records and assigned to receive remdesivir (n=4232), nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (n=13 656), or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and remdesivir (n=308). By applying an inverse probability of treatment weighting, a weighted sample composed of 18 410 recipients of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and remdesivir combination treatment, 18 178 recipients of remdesivir monotherapy, and 18 287 recipients of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir monotherapy was obtained. After a median follow-up of 84 days (IQR 45-90), risk of mortality was lower in patients who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir monotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0·18 [95% CI 0·15 to 0·20]; absolute risk reduction [ARR] -16·33% [95% CI -16·98 to -15·68]) or remdesivir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir combination therapy (HR 0·66 [95% CI 0·49 to 0·89]; ARR -6·52% [95% CI -7·29 to -5·74]) than in patients who received remdesivir monotherapy. Similar results were observed for ICU admission or ventilatory support (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir monotherapy: HR 0·09 [95% CI 0·07 to 0·11]; ARR -10·04% [95% CI -10·53 to -9·56]; combination therapy: HR 0·68 [95% CI 0·42 to 1·12]; ARR -3·24% [95% CI -3·84 to -2·64]). Compared with combination therapy, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir monotherapy was associated with lower risk of mortality (HR 0·27 [95% CI 0·20 to 0·37]; ARR -9·81% [95% CI -10·39 to -9·24]) and ICU admission or ventilatory support (HR 0·13 [95% CI 0·08 to 0·22]; ARR -6·80% [95% CI -7·22 to -6·39]). INTERPRETATION Our study highlighted the potential for reduced risk of mortality, ICU admission, or the need for ventilatory support in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir as a monotherapy compared with treatment regimens based on nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and remdesivir combination therapy or remdesivir monotherapy. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to support the validity of the current results. FUNDING The Health and Medical Research Fund Commissioned Research on COVID-19. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Esther Wai Yin Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing Ming Chu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan Ngai Hung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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da Costa VC, Montarroyos UR, Lopes KADM, dos Santos ACO. Severity Profile of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1249. [PMID: 39457214 PMCID: PMC11506696 DOI: 10.3390/children11101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics associated with severity in children hospitalized with COVID-19. METHOD This was an epidemiological cohort study conducted in two hospitals, one of which was a reference center for the treatment of COVID-19 cases. Data were collected from the reports generated by the hospital epidemiology centers and the medical records of patients aged between 0 and 14 years with a diagnosis of COVID-19, hospitalized between March 2020 and June 2021. To analyze the association between the clinical profile and severity, the cases were classified as severe (severe and critical) and non-severe (asymptomatic, mild, and moderate). RESULTS Of the 191 children followed up in the cohort, 73.3% developed the severe form. The percentage of children with oxygen saturation below 95% was 46.6%. In the multivariate analysis, a higher risk of severity was estimated among children with uncontrolled asthma (RR = 13.2), who were overweight or obese (RR = 3.21), who had cough symptoms (RR = 2.72), and those aged under one year (RR = 3.23). CONCLUSIONS This result underscores the need to improve healthcare at every level for children and for the management of asthma and nutrition when considering children with this clinical profile who are diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Chagas da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Pernambuco, Brazil; (U.R.M.); (A.C.O.d.S.)
- School of Nursing Our Lady of Grace, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Pernambuco, Brazil; (U.R.M.); (A.C.O.d.S.)
| | | | - Ana Célia Oliveira dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Pernambuco, Brazil; (U.R.M.); (A.C.O.d.S.)
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Nazir F, John Kombe Kombe A, Khalid Z, Bibi S, Zhang H, Wu S, Jin T. SARS-CoV-2 replication and drug discovery. Mol Cell Probes 2024; 77:101973. [PMID: 39025272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2024.101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has killed millions of people and continues to wreak havoc across the globe. This sudden and deadly pandemic emphasizes the necessity for anti-viral drug development that can be rapidly administered to reduce morbidity, mortality, and virus propagation. Thus, lacking efficient anti-COVID-19 treatment, and especially given the lengthy drug development process as well as the critical death tool that has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 since its outbreak, drug repurposing (or repositioning) constitutes so far, the ideal and ready-to-go best approach in mitigating viral spread, containing the infection, and reducing the COVID-19-associated death rate. Indeed, based on the molecular similarity approach of SARS-CoV-2 with previous coronaviruses (CoVs), repurposed drugs have been reported to hamper SARS-CoV-2 replication. Therefore, understanding the inhibition mechanisms of viral replication by repurposed anti-viral drugs and chemicals known to block CoV and SARS-CoV-2 multiplication is crucial, and it opens the way for particular treatment options and COVID-19 therapeutics. In this review, we highlighted molecular basics underlying drug-repurposing strategies against SARS-CoV-2. Notably, we discussed inhibition mechanisms of viral replication, involving and including inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 proteases (3C-like protease, 3CLpro or Papain-like protease, PLpro) by protease inhibitors such as Carmofur, Ebselen, and GRL017, polymerases (RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, RdRp) by drugs like Suramin, Remdesivir, or Favipiravir, and proteins/peptides inhibiting virus-cell fusion and host cell replication pathways, such as Disulfiram, GC376, and Molnupiravir. When applicable, comparisons with SARS-CoV inhibitors approved for clinical use were made to provide further insights to understand molecular basics in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication and draw conclusions for future drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Nazir
- Center of Disease Immunity and Investigation, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zunera Khalid
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shaheen Bibi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Center of Disease Immunity and Investigation, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Center of Disease Immunity and Investigation, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Center of Disease Immunity and Investigation, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China; Laboratory of Structural Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China; Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China; Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
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28
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Zhang N, Wang Z, Sun D, Chen H, Zhou H. The Risk of Exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis After COVID-19 Omicron Infection. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e70074. [PMID: 39428557 PMCID: PMC11491296 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to ascertain whether COVID-19 Omicron infection is associated with exacerbations in these myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. RESULT In total, 289 MG patients (comprising 60% females, with an average age of 46 ± 15 years) were enrolled. A total of 80.9% of MG patients reported a COVID-19 infection, with the majority experiencing a benign course (88%). MG patients who experienced COVID-19 infection demonstrated a higher likelihood of MG exacerbation, compared to those without the infection (18.8% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.039). In the survival analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for exacerbation post-infection was found to be 3.38 (95% CI 1.20-9.53, p = 0.021). Compared to the exacerbation rates observed in JTA21, an increase was noted in DTM23 among COVID-19-infected MG patients (4.4% vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The COVID-19 is the risk of MG exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvincePR China
| | - Ziya Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvincePR China
| | - Dongren Sun
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvincePR China
| | - Hongxi Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvincePR China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvincePR China
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Xiao Y, Wang H, Wang H, Dong J, Peng R, Zhao L. Inactivation efficacy and mechanism of 9.375 GHz electromagnetic wave on coronavirus. Virology 2024; 598:110165. [PMID: 39013305 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Epidemics caused by pathogenic viruses are a severe threat to public health worldwide. Electromagnetic waves are a type of noncontact and nonionizing radiation technology that has emerged as an effective tool for inactivating bacterial pathogens. In this study, we used a 9.375 GHz electromagnetic wave to study the inactivation effect and mechanism of electromagnetic waves on MHV-A59, a substitute virus for pathogenic human coronavirus, and to evaluate the inactivation efficiency on different surface materials. We showed that 9.375 GHz electromagnetic waves inactivate MHV-A59 by destroying viral particles, envelopes, or genomes. We also found that 9.375 GHz electromagnetic waves can decrease the infectivity of viruses on the surface of inanimate materials such as plastic, glass, cloth, and wood. In conclusion, our results suggested that the 9.375 GHz electromagnetic wave is a promising disinfection technique for preventing the spread and infection of pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Yard 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Yard 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Yard 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Yard 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Yard 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Yard 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Yard 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Yard 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Yard 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Taha AM, Elrosasy A, Mohamed AS, Mohamed AE, Bani-Salameh A, Siddiq A, Cadri S, Elshahat A, Abdelmonteser AA, Abouelmagd ME. Effects of Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Inflammatory Markers in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cureus 2024; 16:e70613. [PMID: 39493183 PMCID: PMC11528624 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.70613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The international healthcare community has encountered several difficulties because of the COVID-19 pandemic brought on by SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 can lead to an abnormal immune response that features excessive inflammation, so targeting the vagus nerve through non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) may hold promise as an intervention. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the outcomes of using nVNS on different inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. Up until May 2023, we performed a review of online databases. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that discussed how nVNS affected patients with COVID-19's clinical outcomes. Using the Revman 5.4 software (Cochrane, London, United Kingdom), a meta-analysis was carried out to find the pooled mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), of nVNS effects on different inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, and cortisol levels. The review included four RCTs involving 180 COVID-19 patients. Following nVNS treatment, there was a significant increase in IL-10 levels (MD = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.77, 2.29; p < 0.001). CRP levels (MD = -2.24, 95% CI: -4.52, 0.05; p = 0.06), IL-6 levels (MD = 4.07, 95% CI: -3.16, 11.32; p = 0.27), cortisol levels (MD = 1.45, 95% CI: -11.67, 14.57; p = 0.83), and D-dimer levels (MD = -0.47, 95% CI: -1.31, 0.38; p = 0.28) did not differ significantly. These findings suggest that nVNS may positively impact certain inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that nVNS could be a beneficial adjunctive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohamed Taha
- Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, EGY
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
| | - Amr Elrosasy
- Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
| | - Ahmed S Mohamed
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Merit University, Mansoura, EGY
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
| | - Ahmed Elmorsy Mohamed
- Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, EGY
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
| | - Abdallah Bani-Salameh
- Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
| | - Abdelmonem Siddiq
- Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
| | - Shirin Cadri
- Internal Medicine, Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie "Grigore T. Popa" Iași, Iași, ROU
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
| | - Ahmed Elshahat
- Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
| | - Atef A Abdelmonteser
- Medicine and Surgery, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
| | - Moaz E Abouelmagd
- Neurology, Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Arlington, USA
- Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
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Wen Z, Ablimit A. Comprehensive analysis of scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq reveals ubiquitin promotes pulmonary fibrosis in chronic pulmonary diseases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21195. [PMID: 39261509 PMCID: PMC11390722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that there are 544.9 million people suffering from chronic respiratory diseases in the world, which is the third largest chronic disease. Although there are various clinical treatment methods, there is no specific drug for chronic pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the pathological mechanism and medication development. Single-cell transcriptome data of human and mouse from GEO database were integrated by "Harmony" algorithm. The data was standardized and normalized by using "Seurat" package, and "SingleR" algorithm was used for cell grouping annotation. The "Findmarker" function is used to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were enriched and analyzed by using "clusterProfiler", and a protein interaction network was constructed for DEGs, and four algorithms are used to find the hub genes. The expression of hub genes were analyzed in independent human and mouse single-cell transcriptome data. Bulk RNA data were used to integrate by the "SVA" function, verify the expression levels of hub genes and build a diagnostic model. The L1000FWD platform was used to screen potential drugs. Through exploring the similarities and differences by integrated single-cell atlas, we found that the lung parenchymal cells showed abnormal oxidative stress, cell matrix adhesion and ubiquitination in COPD, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ILD and IPF. Meanwhile, the lung resident immune cells showed abnormal Toll-like receptor signals, interferon signals and ubiquitination. However, unlike acute pneumonia (COVID-19), chronic pulmonary disease shows enhanced ubiquitination. This phenomenon was confirmed in independent external human single-cell atlas, but unfortunately, it was not confirmed in mouse single-cell atlas of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model and influenza virus-infected mouse model, which means that the model needs to be optimized. In addition, the bulk RNA-Seq data of COVID-19, ILD and IPF was integrated, and we found that the immune infiltration of lung tissue was enhanced, consistent with the single-cell level, UBA52, UBB and UBC were low expressed in COVID-19 and high expressed in ILD, and had a strong correlation with the expression of cell matrix adhesion genes. UBA52 and UBB have good diagnostic efficacy, and salermide and SSR-69071 can be used as their candidate drugs. Our study found that the disorder of protein ubiquitination in chronic pulmonary diseases is an important cause of pathological phenotype of pulmonary fibrosis by integrating scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq, which provides a new horizons for clinicopathology, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuman Wen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
- College of Nursing and Health, Xinjiang Career Technical College, Kuitun, China
| | - Abduxukur Ablimit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China.
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Liu R, Li J, Wen Y, Li H, Zhang P, Sheng B, Feng DD. DDE: Deep Dynamic Epidemiological Modeling for Infectious Illness Development Forecasting in Multi-level Geographic Entities. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS RESEARCH 2024; 8:478-505. [PMID: 39131102 PMCID: PMC11310392 DOI: 10.1007/s41666-024-00167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and addressing the dynamics of infectious diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019, are essential for effectively managing the current situation and developing intervention strategies. Epidemiologists commonly use mathematical models, known as epidemiological equations (EE), to simulate disease spread. However, accurately estimating the parameters of these models can be challenging due to factors like variations in social distancing policies and intervention strategies. In this study, we propose a novel method called deep dynamic epidemiological modeling (DDE) to address these challenges. The DDE method combines the strengths of EE with the capabilities of deep neural networks to improve the accuracy of fitting real-world data. In DDE, we apply neural ordinary differential equations to solve variant-specific equations, ensuring a more precise fit for disease progression in different geographic regions. In the experiment, we tested the performance of the DDE method and other state-of-the-art methods using real-world data from five diverse geographic entities: the USA, Colombia, South Africa, Wuhan in China, and Piedmont in Italy. Compared to the state-of-the-art method, DDE significantly improved accuracy, with an average fitting Pearson coefficient exceeding 0.97 across the five geographic entities. In summary, the DDE method enhances the accuracy of parameter fitting in epidemiological models and provides a foundation for constructing simpler models adaptable to different geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Liu
- Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, 410012 Hunan China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Yang Wen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong China
| | - Huating Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 Shanghai China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 OH USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 OH USA
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai China
| | - David Dagan Feng
- School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 410008 New South Wales Australia
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Liang Z, Wang J, Zhang H, Gao L, Xu J, Li P, Yang J, Fu X, Duan H, Liu J, Liu T, Ma W, Wu K. Peptide S4 is an entry inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Virology 2024; 597:110149. [PMID: 38917689 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant socioeconomic burden, and combating COVID-19 is imperative. Blocking the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-ACE2 interaction is a promising therapeutic approach for viral infections, as SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptors of host cells via the RBD of spike proteins to infiltrate these cells. We used computer-aided drug design technology and cellular experiments to screen for peptide S4 with high affinity and specificity for the human ACE2 receptor through structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 interactions. Cellular experiments revealed that peptide S4 effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 viruses from infecting host cells and was safe for cells at effective concentrations. Based on these findings, peptide S4 may be a potential pharmaceutical agent for clinical application in the treatment of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Liang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiamei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiran Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinting Fu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Han Duan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine & Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine & Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Ran Q, Li A, Li R, Dong Y, Xiao X, Wang K, Chen H, He B. Effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system: A mendelian randomization study. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:266-272. [PMID: 39234491 PMCID: PMC11369832 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and disorders of the heart and blood vessels are causally related. To ascertain the causal relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD), we carried out a Mendelian randomization (MR) study through a method known as inverse variance weighting (IVW). When analyzing multiple SNPs, MR can meta-aggregate the effects of multiple loci by using IVW meta-pooling method. The weighted median (WM) is the median of the distribution function obtained by ranking all individual SNP effect values according to their weights. WM yields robust estimates when at least 50% of the information originates from valid instrumental variables (IVs). Directed gene pleiotropy in the included IVs is permitted because MR-Egger does not require a regression straight line through the origin. For MR estimation, IVW, WM and MR-Egger were employed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using funnel plots, Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis. SNPs related to exposure to COVID-19 and CVD were compiled. CVD for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative, and other very severe respiratory diagnosis and population were randomly assigned using MR. The COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative results and other very severe respiratory confirmed cases versus MR analysis of CVD in the population (p > 0.05); COVID-19 infection to CVD (p = 0.033, OR = 1.001, 95%CI: 1.000-1.001); and the MR-Egger results indicated that COVID-19 infection was associated with CVD risk. This MR study provides preliminary evidence for the validity of the causal link between COVID-19 infection and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Ran
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Aoshuang Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Xue Xiao
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hengwen Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Benxiang He
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cobb S, Schrode K, Siddiq H, Boyce S, Taylor KD, Vargas R, Harawa N. An Examination of Responses to COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Efforts in Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx Communities of Los Angeles. Health Equity 2024; 8:493-504. [PMID: 40125372 PMCID: PMC11347877 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2023.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the experiences and perceptions of COVID-19 contact-tracing efforts among cases tested in under-resourced and predominately Latino and Black communities of South Los Angeles, California. Methods Study involved a cross-sectional survey with 1,713 adults. Recruitment occurred between June and November 2021 with eligible individuals who had previously received a COVID-19 diagnosis through designated testing sites. The LA County Department of Public Health operated a culturally responsive program for contact tracing that included provision of education and service referrals to newly diagnosed cases through much of the pandemic. Results Participants were majority female (63%), Hispanic/Latino/a/x (64%), ages 18-40 (69%), and surveyed in English (77%). Overall contact-tracing experiences were rated positively, regardless of demographics (average means of 3.1-3.2/4.0). Those surveyed in Spanish were more likely to endorse positive statements if their contact tracer also spoke Spanish. Although over 75% of participants shared a range of the different information types requested, 49-52% endorsed concerns about data security and uses of the solicited information. Conclusions Despite eliciting some concerns, contact-tracing efforts were generally positively received. Policy implications Investments in contact tracing in similar communities should consider language-concordant contact tracers, community-based health worker training in trust building, and addressing social and health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Cobb
- College of Nursing, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katrina Schrode
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hafifa Siddiq
- College of Nursing, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shanika Boyce
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelly D. Taylor
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roberto Vargas
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Health Services Research and Policy Core, Urban Health Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nina Harawa
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine and Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Mok BWY, Kwok M, Li HS, Ling L, Lai A, Yan B, Law CTY, Yeung CH, Zhang AJ, Tam RCY, Kukic A, Cremin CJ, Zhang Y, Long T, Kang Z, Luo R, Leung KT, Li AM, Lui G, Tsui SKW, Chan JFW, To KKW, Chan PKS, Yan BP, Chen H, Poon ENY. SARS-CoV-2 variants divergently infect and damage cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:101. [PMID: 39095802 PMCID: PMC11297708 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 can cause cardiac complications and the latter are associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality. SARS-CoV-2 variants differ in their infectivity and pathogenicity, but how they affect cardiomyocytes (CMs) is unclear. METHODS The effects of SARS-CoV-2 variants were investigated using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (hiPSC-) CMs in vitro and Golden Syrian hamsters in vivo. RESULTS Different variants exhibited distinct tropism, mechanism of viral entry and pathology in the heart. Omicron BA.2 most efficiently infected and injured CMs in vitro and in vivo, and induced expression changes consistent with increased cardiac dysfunction, compared to other variants tested. Bioinformatics and upstream regulator analyses identified transcription factors and network predicted to control the unique transcriptome of Omicron BA.2 infected CMs. Increased infectivity of Omicron BA.2 is attributed to its ability to infect via endocytosis, independently of TMPRSS2, which is absent in CMs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we reveal previously unknown differences in how different SARS-CoV-2 variants affect CMs. Omicron BA.2, which is generally thought to cause mild disease, can damage CMs in vitro and in vivo. Our study highlights the need for further investigations to define the pathogenesis of cardiac complications arising from different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Wing-Yee Mok
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Maxwell Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hung Sing Li
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lowell Ling
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Angel Lai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Cherie Tsz-Yiu Law
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chui Him Yeung
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Rachel Chun-Yee Tam
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anja Kukic
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Conor J Cremin
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Teng Long
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhisen Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Albert M Li
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Grace Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Yu W, Tian J, Li P, Guo Z, Zcm D, Li M, Ge Y, Liu X. Characteristics and influencing factors of caregivers' healthcare preferences for young children under COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:263. [PMID: 39033156 PMCID: PMC11264815 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Missed or delayed child healthcare caused by the COVID-19 lockdown has threatened young children's health and has had an unpredictable influence on caregivers' child healthcare preferences. This study investigated caregivers' child healthcare preferences and the factors that influence them among families with young children (0-3 years) during the lockdown in Shanghai. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study were enrolled through random encounter sampling. Questionnaires were distributed online from June 1 to November 10, 2022, in Shanghai. A total of 477 valid questionnaires were received. The demographics of caregivers and their families, children's characteristics, COVID-19-related information, and caregivers' healthcare preferences were analyzed. The statistical analyses included frequency and percentage, chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Caregivers preferred child healthcare professionals in the community health service system (CHS; 47.6%) followed by hospital pediatricians (40.0%) during lockdown. Caregivers with the following characteristics preferred CHS: those with an annual household income of CNY 200,000-300,000, those whose youngest children were aged 8-12 months, and those who experienced early childhood physical development issues. Caregivers preferred hospitals if they had experienced healthcare-seeking-related difficulties in accessing professional guidance from hospital pediatricians. CONCLUSIONS During pandemic lockdowns, policymakers should allocate more resources to CHS to meet caregivers' childcare demands. Moreover, special attention should be given to the healthcare needs for CHS among families with specific demographics. TRIAL REGISTRATION Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine School of Public Health (SJUPN-202,109; June 1, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiahe Tian
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Dapuqiao Community Health Service Center of Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhichao Guo
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Yuepu Town Community Health Service Center of Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200941, China
| | - Dan Zcm
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meina Li
- Department of Military Medical Service, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Affiliated Xihu Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Sibille G, Mannino G, Frasson I, Pavan M, Luganini A, Salata C, Maffei ME, Gribaudo G. The Novel A-Type Proanthocyanidin-Rich Phytocomplex SP4™ Acts as a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent against Human Respiratory Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7370. [PMID: 39000477 PMCID: PMC11242173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The appearance of new respiratory virus infections in humans with epidemic or pandemic potential has underscored the urgent need for effective broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAs). Bioactive compounds derived from plants may provide a natural source of new BSA candidates. Here, we investigated the novel phytocomplex formulation SP4™ as a candidate direct-acting BSA against major current human respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses and influenza viruses. SP4™ inhibited the in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2, hCoV-OC43, hCoV-229E, Influenza A and B viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus in the low-microgram range. Using hCoV-OC43 as a representative respiratory virus, most of the antiviral activity of SP4™ was observed to stem primarily from its dimeric A-type proanthocyanidin (PAC-A) component. Further investigations of the mechanistic mode of action showed SP4™ and its PAC-A-rich fraction to prevent hCoV-OC43 from attaching to target cells and exert virucidal activity. This occurred through their interaction with the spike protein of hCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2, thereby interfering with spike functions and leading to the loss of virion infectivity. Overall, these findings support the further development of SP4™ as a candidate BSA of a natural origin for the prevention of human respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sibille
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Torino, Italy; (G.M.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Ilaria Frasson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (I.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Marta Pavan
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Anna Luganini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (I.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Torino, Italy; (G.M.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.); (A.L.)
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Chan JFW, Yuan S, Chu H, Sridhar S, Yuen KY. COVID-19 drug discovery and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:391-407. [PMID: 38622352 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused substantial morbidity and mortality, and serious social and economic disruptions worldwide. Unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated older individuals with underlying diseases are especially prone to severe disease. In patients with non-fatal disease, long COVID affecting multiple body systems may persist for months. Unlike SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which have either been mitigated or remained geographically restricted, SARS-CoV-2 has disseminated globally and is likely to continue circulating in humans with possible emergence of new variants that may render vaccines less effective. Thus, safe, effective and readily available COVID-19 therapeutics are urgently needed. In this Review, we summarize the major drug discovery approaches, preclinical antiviral evaluation models, representative virus-targeting and host-targeting therapeutic options, and key therapeutics currently in clinical use for COVID-19. Preparedness against future coronavirus pandemics relies not only on effective vaccines but also on broad-spectrum antivirals targeting conserved viral components or universal host targets, and new therapeutics that can precisely modulate the immune response during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Wang Z, Sun W, Li D, Sun Y, Zhu M, Wang W, Zhang Y, Li E, Yan F, Wang T, Feng N, Yang S, Xia X, Gao Y. A live attenuated influenza B virus vaccine expressing RBD elicits protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Virus Res 2024; 345:199378. [PMID: 38643857 PMCID: PMC11059473 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to human health globally. It is crucial to develop a vaccine to reduce the effect of the virus on public health, economy, and society and regulate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Influenza B virus (IBV) can be used as a vector that does not rely on the current circulating influenza A strains. In this study, we constructed an IBV-based vector vaccine by inserting a receptor-binding domain (RBD) into a non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-truncated gene (rIBV-NS110-RBD). Subsequently, we assessed its safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in mice, and observed that it was safe in a mouse model. Intranasal administration of a recombinant rIBV-NS110-RBD vaccine induced high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG antibodies and T cell-mediated immunity in mice. Administering two doses of the intranasal rIBV-NS110-RBD vaccine significantly reduced the viral load and lung damage in mice. This novel IBV-based vaccine offers a novel approach for controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Female
- Administration, Intranasal
- Humans
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Viral Load
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary and Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Menghan Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Entao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
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41
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Noij LCE, Blankestijn JM, Lap CR, van Houten MA, Biesbroek G, der Zee AHMV, Abdel-Aziz MI, van Goudoever JB, Alsem MW, Brackel CLH, Oostrom KJ, Hashimoto S, Terheggen-Lagro SWJ. Clinical-based phenotypes in children with pediatric post-COVID-19 condition. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:682-691. [PMID: 38664324 PMCID: PMC11269322 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) condition (PPCC) is a heterogeneous syndrome, which can significantly affect the daily lives of children. This study aimed to identify clinically meaningful phenotypes in children with PPCC, to better characterize and treat this condition. METHODS Participants were children with physician-diagnosed PPCC, referred to the academic hospital Amsterdam UMC in the Netherlands between November 2021 and March 2023. Demographic factors and information on post-COVID symptoms, comorbidities, and impact on daily life were collected. Clinical clusters were identified using an unsupervised and unbiased approach for mixed data types. RESULTS Analysis of 111 patients (aged 3-18 years) revealed three distinct clusters within PPCC. Cluster 1 (n = 62, median age = 15 years) predominantly consisted of girls (74.2%). These patients suffered relatively more from exercise intolerance, dyspnea, and smell disorders. Cluster 2 (n = 33, median age = 13 years) contained patients with an even gender distribution (51.5% girls). They suffered from relatively more sleep problems, memory loss, gastrointestinal symptoms, and arthralgia. Cluster 3 (n = 16, median age = 11 years) had a higher proportion of boys (75.0%), suffered relatively more from fever, had significantly fewer symptoms (median of 5 symptoms compared to 8 and 10 for clusters 1 and 2 respectively), and experienced a lower impact on daily life. CONCLUSIONS This study identified three distinct clinical PPCC phenotypes, with variations in sex, age, symptom patterns, and impact on daily life. These findings highlight the need for further research to understand the potentially diverse underlying mechanisms contributing to post-COVID symptoms in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke C E Noij
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Room G2-222, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Coen R Lap
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Room G2-222, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | | | - Giske Biesbroek
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Room G2-222, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs W Alsem
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline L H Brackel
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, Tergooi MC, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - Kim J Oostrom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Room G2-222, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne W J Terheggen-Lagro
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Room G2-222, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Li J, He S, Yang H, Zhang L, Xiao J, Liang C, Liu S. The Main Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Treatments against COVID-19. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:545-556. [PMID: 38573476 PMCID: PMC11087407 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a clinical manifestation of hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, COVID-19 still lacks of effective clinical treatments so far. As a promising potential treatment against COVID-19, stem cell therapy raised recently and had attracted much attention. Here we review the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments against COVID-19, and provide potential cues for the effective control of COVID-19 in the future. METHODS Literature is obtained from databases PubMed and Web of Science. Key words were chosen for COVID- 19, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell therapy, and therapeutic mechanism. Then we summarize and critically analyze the relevant articles retrieved. RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is a potential effective treatment against COVID-19. Its therapeutic efficacy is mainly reflected in reducing severe pulmonary inflammation, reducing lung injury, improving pulmonary function, protecting and repairing lung tissue of the patients. Possible therapeutic mechanisms might include immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory effect, tissue regeneration, anti-apoptosis effect, antiviral, and antibacterial effect, MSC - EVs, and so on. CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cells can effectively treat COVID-19 through immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, tissue regeneration, anti-apoptosis, anti-virus and antibacterial, MSC - EVs, and other ways. Systematically elucidating the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for COVID-19 will provide novel insights into the follow-up research and development of new therapeutic strategies in next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine Center, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipei He
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizeai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyi Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Sato L, Tagashira Y, Shigeno N, Gu Y. Contact tracing in the hospital setting during the omicron wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: persons and periods of concern for nosocomial infection prevention and control. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2024; 4:e84. [PMID: 38751943 PMCID: PMC11094374 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluating the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 contact tracing in the hospital setting during the omicron variant era found a high incidence of nosocomial severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in outbreaks, especially among individuals having close contact with infected persons. Identifying close contacts and outbreaks is essential to prevent nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Sato
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tagashira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- TMDU Center for Infectious Disease Education and Analysis, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narumi Shigeno
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- TMDU Center for Infectious Disease Education and Analysis, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Vindeirinho JM, Oliveira R, Pinho E, Guiomar R, Azevedo NF, Almeida C. The potential of tailed amplicons for SARS-CoV-2 detection in Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assays. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301234. [PMID: 38728290 PMCID: PMC11086916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assays (NALFAs) are a promising solution for the point-of-care detection of viruses like SARS-CoV-2. However, they show some drawbacks, such as the great dependency on the use of antibodies and the need for post-amplification protocols that enable the preparation of amplicons for effective readings, as well as low sensitivity. Here, we developed amplicons of a specific SARS-CoV-2 gene tailed with single-strand DNA (ssDNA) sequences to hybridize with DNA probes immobilized on the NALFA strips, thus overcoming the aforementioned problems. Results have shown that tailed primers have not compromised the amplification efficiency and allowed the correct detection of the amplicons in the lateral flow strip. This approach has presented a limit of detection (LOD) of 25 RNA copies /reaction mix (1 copy/μL) and the test of cross-reactivity with other related viruses has not shown any cross-reactivity. Twenty clinical samples were evaluated by NALFA and simultaneously compared with the gold standard RT-qPCR protocol, originating equal results. Although the number of clinical specimens tested being relatively small, this indicates a sensitivity and specificity both of 100%. In short, an alternative NALFA was successfully implemented, rendering an accurate route for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, compatible with low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. Vindeirinho
- I.P–National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, INIAV, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- I.P–National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, INIAV, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Pinho
- I.P–National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, INIAV, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- INSA, I.P–National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno F. Azevedo
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- I.P–National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, INIAV, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE–Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- Center of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Liu X, Chen Q, Jiang S, Shan H, Yu T. MicroRNA-26a in respiratory diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:627. [PMID: 38717532 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules approximately 22 nucleotides in length, intricately involved in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. Over recent years, researchers have focused keenly on miRNAs, delving into their mechanisms in various diseases such as cancers. Among these, miR-26a emerges as a pivotal player in respiratory ailments such as pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Studies have underscored the significance of miR-26a in the pathogenesis and progression of respiratory diseases, positioning it as a promising therapeutic target. Nevertheless, several challenges persist in devising medical strategies for clinical trials involving miR-26a. In this review, we summarize the regulatory role and significance of miR-26a in respiratory diseases, and we analyze and elucidate the challenges related to miR-26a druggability, encompassing issues such as the efficiency of miR-26a, delivery, RNA modification, off-target effects, and the envisioned therapeutic potential of miR-26a in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Shan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, He Y, Huang J, Yan H, Zhang X, Xiao Z, Lu X. Characteristics and spectrum changes of PICU cases during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1325471. [PMID: 38725989 PMCID: PMC11079195 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1325471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to compare the changes in the disease spectrum of children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic with the three years prior to the pandemic, exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the disease spectrum of PICU patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on critically ill children admitted to the PICU of Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022, and the results were compared with cases from the same period between January 2017 and December 2019. The cases were divided into pre-pandemic period (January 2017-December 2019) with 8,218 cases, and pandemic period (January 2020-December 2022) with 5,619 cases. General characteristics, age, and gender were compared between the two groups. Results Compared to the pre-pandemic period, there was a 31.62% decrease in the number of admitted children during the pandemic period, and a 52.78% reduction in the proportion of respiratory system diseases. The overall mortality rate decreased by 87.81%. There were differences in age and gender distribution between the two periods. The length of hospital stay during the pandemic showed no statistical significance, whereas hospitalization costs exhibited statistical significance. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a certain influence on the disease spectrum of PICU admissions. Implementing relevant measures during the pandemic can help reduce the occurrence of respiratory system diseases in children. Considering the changes in the disease spectrum of critically ill PICU children, future clinical prevention and treatment in PICUs should continue to prioritize the respiratory, neurological, and hematological oncology systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiulan Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated School of Medicine of Central South University (Hunan Children's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang Y, Li K, Mo S, Yao P, Zeng J, Lu S, Qin S. Identification of common genes and pathways between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19. Front Genet 2024; 15:1249501. [PMID: 38699234 PMCID: PMC11063347 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1249501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported a high incidence and risk of severe illness due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). COVID-19 patients may experience elevated or decreased blood sugar levels and may even develop diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms linking these two diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the common genes and pathways between T2DM and COVID-19. METHODS Two public datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE95849 and GSE164805) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in blood between people with and without T2DM and COVID-19. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the common DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify common genes, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Validation was performed on the GSE213313 and GSE15932 datasets. A gene co-expression network was constructed using the GeneMANIA database to explore interactions among core DEGs and their co-expressed genes. Finally, a microRNA (miRNA)-transcription factor (TF)-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network was constructed based on the common feature genes. RESULTS In the GSE95849 and GSE164805 datasets, 81 upregulated genes and 140 downregulated genes were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were closely related to the negative regulation of phosphate metabolic processes, the positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division, T-cell co-stimulation, and lymphocyte co-stimulation. Four upregulated common genes (DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2) and one downregulated common feature gene (RIOK2) were identified and showed good diagnostic accuracy for T2DM and COVID-19. The AUC values of DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2, and RIOK2 in T2DM diagnosis were 0.931, 0.917, 0.986, 0.903, and 0.917, respectively. In COVID-19 diagnosis, the AUC values were 0.960, 0.860, 1.0, 0.9, and 0.90, respectively. Validation in the GSE213313 and GSE15932 datasets confirmed these results. The miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory network showed that TYH2 was targeted by PITX1, PITX2, CRX, NFYA, SREBF1, RELB, NR1L2, and CEBP, whereas miR-124-3p regulates THK2, RIOK2, and USP14. CONCLUSION We identified five common feature genes (DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2, and RIOK2) and their co-regulatory pathways between T2DM and COVID-19, which may provide new insights for further molecular mechanism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Endocrinology Department, Liuzhou Peoples’ Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Orthopedics Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Shuangyang Mo
- Gastroenterology Department, Liuzhou Peoples’ Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Peishan Yao
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaxing Zeng
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Microsurgery, and Hand Surgery, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shunyu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanyu Qin
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Pandey RK, Srivastava A, Mishra RK, Singh PP, Chaubey G. Novel genetic association of the Furin gene polymorphism rs1981458 with COVID-19 severity among Indian populations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7822. [PMID: 38570613 PMCID: PMC10991378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS CoV-2, the causative agent for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it enters the host cell by activating the ACE2 receptor with the help of two proteasesi.e., Furin and TMPRSS2. Therefore, variations in these genes may account for differential susceptibility and severity between populations. Previous studies have shown that the role of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene variants in understanding COVID-19 susceptibility among Indian populations. Nevertheless, a knowledge gap exists concerning the COVID-19 susceptibility of Furin gene variants among diverse South Asian ethnic groups. Investigating the role of Furin gene variants and their global phylogeographic structure is essential to comprehensively understanding COVID-19 susceptibility in these populations. We have used 450 samples from diverse Indian states and performed linear regression to analyse the Furin gene variant's with COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate (CFR) that could be epidemiologically associated with disease severity outcomes. Associated genetic variants were further evaluated for their expression and regulatory potential through various Insilco analyses. Additionally, we examined the Furin gene using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from 393 diverse global samples, with a particular emphasis on South Asia, to investigate its Phylogeographic structure among diverse world populations. We found a significant positive association for the SNP rs1981458 with COVID-19 CFR (p < 0.05) among diverse Indian populations at different timelines of the first and second waves. Further, QTL and other regulatory analyses showed various significant associations for positive regulatory roles of rs1981458 and Furin gene, mainly in Immune cells and virus infection process, highlighting their role in host immunity and viral assembly and processing. The Furin protein-protein interaction suggested that COVID-19 may contribute to Pulmonary arterial hypertension via a typical inflammation mechanism. The phylogeographic architecture of the Furin gene demonstrated a closer genetic affinity of South Asia with West Eurasian populations. Therefore, it is worth proposing that for the Furin gene, the COVID-19 susceptibility of South Asians will be more similar to the West Eurasian population. Our previous studies on the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes showed genetic affinity of South Asian with East Eurasians and West Eurasians, respectively. Therefore, with the collective information from these three important genes (ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin) we modelled COVID-19 susceptibilityof South Asia in between these two major ancestries with an inclination towards West Eurasia. In conclusion, this study, for the first time, concluded the role of rs1981458 in COVID-19 severity among the Indian population and outlined its regulatory potential.This study also highlights that the genetic structure for COVID-19 susceptibilityof South Asia is distinct, however, inclined to the West Eurasian population. We believe this insight may be utilised as a genetic biomarker to identify vulnerable populations, which might be directly relevant for developing policies and allocating resources more effectively during an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Kumar Pandey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Anshika Srivastava
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Mishra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Prajjval Pratap Singh
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Sviercz F, Jarmoluk P, Godoy Coto J, Cevallos C, Freiberger RN, López CAM, Ennis IL, Delpino MV, Quarleri J. The abortive SARS-CoV-2 infection of osteoclast precursors promotes their differentiation into osteoclasts. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29597. [PMID: 38587211 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the loss of millions of lives, although a majority of those infected have managed to survive. Consequently, a set of outcomes, identified as long COVID, is now emerging. While the primary target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the respiratory system, the impact of COVID-19 extends to various body parts, including the bone. This study aims to investigate the effects of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection on osteoclastogenesis, utilizing both ancestral and Omicron viral strains. Monocyte-derived macrophages, which serve as precursors to osteoclasts, were exposed to both viral variants. However, the infection proved abortive, even though ACE2 receptor expression increased postinfection, with no significant impact on cellular viability and redox balance. Both SARS-CoV-2 strains heightened osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner, as well as CD51/61 expression and bone resorptive ability. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 induced early pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization, shifting toward an M2-like profile. Osteoclastogenesis-related genes (RANK, NFATc1, DC-STAMP, MMP9) were upregulated, and surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 variants promoted RANKL-independent osteoclast formation. This thorough investigation illuminates the intricate interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and osteoclast precursors, suggesting potential implications for bone homeostasis and opening new avenues for therapeutic exploration in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Sviercz
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Jarmoluk
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joshua Godoy Coto
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cintia Cevallos
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Nicole Freiberger
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthya Alicia Marcela López
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Lucia Ennis
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Delpino
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chen Z, Li J, Zheng J, Xiang F, Li X, Zhang M, Kang X, Wu R. Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory factors in patients with COVID-19. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28451. [PMID: 38545136 PMCID: PMC10966702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aims to examine the involvement of lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines in the development and progression of COVID-19. Methods 164 COVID-19 patients were admitted to hospital between December 2022 and January 2023. Based on lung CT scans and whether it is necessary for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, they were categorized into: severe groups (84) and mild disease groups (80). Peripheral blood were also collected from 101 healthy examinees and 164 patients. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to measure the absolute and relative counts of lymphocyte subsets, while chemiluminescence was used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines. Results The COVID-19 patient group exhibited lower count of lymphocytes subsets than healthy control group. Moreover, COVID-19 patient case presented higher content of cytokines (IL-6, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) expression compared to healthy control case. Within the COVID-19 patient group, individuals with severe disease showed lower counts of lymphocytes subsets than the mild disease case. Furthermore, IL-6 levels in severe case were higher than the mild disease patients case. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis confirmed IL-6 (odds ratio: 0.985 [0.977-0.993]), CD3+ T cells (odds ratio:1.007 [1.004-1.010]), CD8+ T cells (odds ratio:1.016 [1.009-1.023]), and CD19+ B cells (odds ratio:1.011 [1.002-1.020]) independently predicted severe progression. ROC curve results indicated AUC for lymphocytes in patients with severe COVID-19 was 0.8686 (0.8112-0.9260), CD3+ T cells was 0.8762 (0.8237-0.9287), CD8+ T cells was 0.7963 (0.7287-0.8638), CD4+ T cells was 0.8600 (0.8036-0.9164), CD19+ B cells was 0.7217 (0.6434-0.8001), NK cells was 0.6492 (0.5627-0.7357), age was 0.6699 (0.5877-0.7521), diabetes was 0.5991 (0.5125-0.6857), and IL-6 was 0.7241 (0.6479-0.8003). Furthermore, the ROC curves for different factors (CD3+ T cells, age, IL-6) yielded an AUC of 0.9031 (0.8580-0.9483). Conclusions The research indicated that COVID-19 patients experience a decrease in lymphocytes subset and an increase in the inflammatory factor IL-6, particularly in the severe case group. As a result, the count of lymphocyte subset (CD3+ T cells) and the content of inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) can serve as predictive markers for assessing the severity of COVID-19 and developing treatment plans efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fenfen Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
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