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Castro-Díaz R, Silva-Beltrán NP, Gámez-Meza N, Calderón K. The Antimicrobial Effects of Coffee and By-Products and Their Potential Applications in Healthcare and Agricultural Sectors: A State-of-Art Review. Microorganisms 2025; 13:215. [PMID: 40005582 PMCID: PMC11857841 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages around the world. Its production is dominated by the species Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. However, the coffee elaboration process leads to generating a significant amount of waste, which arises in various stages of coffee bean processing and is rich in natural bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and alkaloids. Particularly, chlorogenic and caffeic acids have a high antimicrobial potential and have been demonstrated to be effective against bacteria and viruses of healthcare and food relevance, including multi-resistant pathogens. However, the production and accumulation of coffee waste have a negative environmental impact since they can contaminate the surrounding environment due to the presence of organic molecules such as caffeine and tannins. In this context, exploiting natural resources as a source of compounds with the antimicrobial potential of, for example, the bioactive compounds obtained from coffee, has been evaluated in previous works. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the antimicrobial properties of coffee and its by-products and their potential application in the healthcare sector and disease control in agricultural crops, with particular emphasis on improving sustainability and efficiency in agriculture through making use of waste, which carries high importance in today's society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Castro-Díaz
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán
- Department of Environmental Science, Water Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA;
| | - Nohemi Gámez-Meza
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Kadiya Calderón
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
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Di Pietrantonio D, Pace Palitti V, Cichelli A, Tacconelli S. Protective Effect of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acids of Coffee in Liver Disease. Foods 2024; 13:2280. [PMID: 39063364 PMCID: PMC11276147 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world due to its unique aroma and psychostimulant effects, mainly due to the presence of caffeine. In recent years, experimental evidence has shown that the moderate consumption of coffee (3/4 cups per day) is safe and beneficial to human health, revealing protective effects against numerous chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and hepatic diseases. This review focuses on two of coffee's main bioactive compounds, i.e., caffeine and chlorogenic acids, and their effects on the progression of chronic liver diseases, demonstrating that regular coffee consumption correlates with a lower risk of the development and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, this review analyzes caffeine and chlorogenic acid from a pharmacological point of view and explores the molecular mechanism through which these compounds are responsible for the protective role of coffee. Both bioactive compounds, therefore, have antifibrotic effects on hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes, induce a decrease in connective tissue growth factor, stimulate increased apoptosis with anti-cancer effects, and promote a major inhibition of focal adhesion kinase, actin, and protocollagen synthesis. In conclusion, coffee shows many beneficial effects, and experimental data in favor of coffee consumption in patients with liver diseases are encouraging, but further prospective studies are needed to demonstrate its preventive and therapeutic role in chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Pietrantonio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Valeria Pace Palitti
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Via R. Paolini 47, 65125 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Banerjee A, Sriramulu S, Catanzaro R, He F, Chabria Y, Balakrishnan B, Hari S, Ayala A, Muñoz M, Pathak S, Marotta F. Natural Compounds as Integrative Therapy for Liver Protection against Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Mechanisms: From Induction to Molecular Biology Advancement. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:216-231. [PMID: 35297348 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220316102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is exposed to several harmful substances that bear the potential to cause excessive liver damage ranging from hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to extreme cases of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver ailments have been effectively treated from very old times with Chinese medicinal herbal formulations and later also applied by controlled trials in Japan. However, these traditional practices have been hardly well characterized in the past till in the last decades when more qualified studies have been carried out. Modern advances have given rise to specific molecular targets which are specifically good candidates for affecting the intricate mechanisms that play a role at the molecular level. These therapeutic regimens that mainly affect the progression of the disease by inhibiting the gene expression levels or by blocking essential molecular pathways or releasing cytokines may prove to play a vital role in minimizing the tissue damage. This review, therefore, tries to throw light upon the variation in the therapies for the treatment of benign and malignant liver disease from ancient times to the current date. Nonetheless, clinical research exploring the effectiveness of herbal medicines in the treatment of benign chronic liver diseases as well as prevention and treatment of HCC is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Roberto Catanzaro
- Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fang He
- Dept of Nutrition, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yashna Chabria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | | | - Sruthi Hari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Mario Muñoz
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention, Milano, Italy and Vitality and Longevity Medical Science Commission, FEMTEC World Federation
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Degertekin B, Tozun N, Soylemez AG, Gurtay E, Bozkurt U, Yilmaz Y, Yapali S, Vardareli E, Unal HU, Colakoglu B, Alpaydin CB. Regular coffee intake improves liver enzyme levels and liver histology in patients with chronic alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Report of 259 cases. HEPATOLOGY FORUM 2020; 1:88-96. [PMID: 35949725 PMCID: PMC9349493 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2020.2020.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim This study aims to investigate the effects of chronic coffee consumption (>5 years) and type of coffee in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and patients who have regular alcohol consumption. Materials and Methods In this study, 158 healthy individuals and 101 patients with histologically proven NASH were enrolled. The daily amount of coffee intake, amount of alcohol use and type of coffee were calculated for all patients. The degree of steatosis and fibrosis was analyzed by transient elastography and liver ultrasound in non-NASH and by liver biopsy in NASH patients. Results Patients with a history of coffee consumption (n=132) had lower liver enzyme levels compared to the non-coffee group (n=127) (p=0.001). Serum ALT level was significantly lower [ALT: 21.2±11.7 U/L vs. 56.4±15.6 U/L (p=0.004)], and the liver histopathology was significantly better for patients with a coffee consumption of daily for >5years (p=0.045 for fibrosis score for NASH, p=0.036 for LSM and p=0.015 for CAP measurements for the non-NASH patient). Conclusion Coffee seems to have a positive protective effect on liver histology and liver enzyme levels in healthy individuals, in patients with chronic alcohol consumption, NAFLD and NASH. These results are more prominent in patients who drink coffee on a regular daily base for more than five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Degertekin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Tozun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ezgi Gurtay
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Bozkurt
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suna Yapali
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eser Vardareli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Umit Unal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berkan Colakoglu
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Berk Alpaydin
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Coffee Intake and Neurocognitive Performance in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092532. [PMID: 32825538 PMCID: PMC7551576 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Previous research has demonstrated its neuroprotective effects in the elderly. People coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) experience an accelerated aging process and cognitive impairment, which significantly impair quality of life and may affect disease-related dimensions such as treatment adherence. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between regular coffee intake and neurocognitive performance (NCP) in HIV-HCV coinfected people. We used data from 139 coinfected patients who participated in both the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort and the HEPAVIH-Psy cross-sectional survey. Linear regression models adjusting for potential sociodemographic (age, gender, educational level), clinical (liver disease status, ongoing HCV treatment, HIV viral load, major depressive disorder) and socio-behavioural (cannabis use) correlates of NCP were used. Our results showed significant, positive associations between elevated coffee intake (ECI) (three or more cups of coffee per day) and NCP in verbal fluency, psychomotor speed (coding) and executive functioning. ECI might therefore preserve neurocognitive functioning in people living with HIV and HCV.
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Morton SU, Vyas R, Gagoski B, Vu C, Litt J, Larsen RJ, Kuchan MJ, Lasekan JB, Sutton BP, Grant PE, Ou Y. Maternal Dietary Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Correlates Positively with Regional Brain Volumes in 1-Month-Old Term Infants. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:2057-2069. [PMID: 31711132 PMCID: PMC8355466 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition is an important factor for infant neurodevelopment. However, prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on maternal nutrients and infant brain have focused mostly on preterm infants or on few specific nutrients and few specific brain regions. We present a first study in term-born infants, comprehensively correlating 73 maternal nutrients with infant brain morphometry at the regional (61 regions) and voxel (over 300 000 voxel) levels. Both maternal nutrition intake diaries and infant MRI were collected at 1 month of life (0.9 ± 0.5 months) for 92 term-born infants (among them, 54 infants were purely breastfed and 19 were breastfed most of the time). Intake of nutrients was assessed via standardized food frequency questionnaire. No nutrient was significantly correlated with any of the volumes of the 61 autosegmented brain regions. However, increased volumes within subregions of the frontal cortex and corpus callosum at the voxel level were positively correlated with maternal intake of omega-3 fatty acids, retinol (vitamin A) and vitamin B12, both with and without correction for postmenstrual age and sex (P < 0.05, q < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction). Omega-3 fatty acids remained significantly correlated with infant brain volumes after subsetting to the 54 infants who were exclusively breastfed, but retinol and vitamin B12 did not. This provides an impetus for future larger studies to better characterize the effect size of dietary variation and correlation with neurodevelopmental outcomes, which can lead to improved nutritional guidance during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine Vu
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Litt
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Brad P Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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Tosh DK, Rao H, Bitant A, Salmaso V, Mannes P, Lieberman DI, Vaughan KL, Mattison JA, Rothwell AC, Auchampach JA, Ciancetta A, Liu N, Cui Z, Gao ZG, Reitman ML, Gavrilova O, Jacobson KA. Design and in Vivo Characterization of A 1 Adenosine Receptor Agonists in the Native Ribose and Conformationally Constrained (N)-Methanocarba Series. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1502-1522. [PMID: 30605331 PMCID: PMC6467784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
(N)-Methanocarba ([3.1.0]bicyclohexyl) adenosines and corresponding ribosides were synthesized to identify novel A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) agonists for CNS or peripheral applications. Human and mouse AR binding was determined to assess the constrained ring system's A1AR compatibility. N6-Dicyclobutylmethyl ribose agonist (9, MRS7469, >2000-fold selective for A1AR) and known truncated N6-dicyclopropylmethyl methanocarba 7 (MRS5474) were drug-like. The pure diastereoisomer of known riboside 4 displayed high hA1AR selectivity. Methanocarba modification reduced A1AR selectivity of N6-dicyclopropylmethyl and endo-norbornyladenosines but increased ribavirin selectivity. Most analogues tested (ip) were inactive or weak in inducing mouse hypothermia, despite mA1AR full agonism and variable mA3AR efficacy, but strong hypothermia by 9 depended on A1AR, which reflects CNS activity (determined using A1AR or A3AR null mice). Conserved hA1AR interactions were preserved in modeling of 9 and methanocarba equivalent 24 (∼400-fold A1AR-selective). Thus, we identified, and characterized in vivo, ribose and methanocarba nucleosides, including with A1AR-enhancing N6-dicyclobutylmethyl-adenine and 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (40, MRS7451) nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - Harsha Rao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - Amelia Bitant
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA 53226
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - Philip Mannes
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - David I. Lieberman
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - Kelli L. Vaughan
- SoBran BioSciences, SoBran, Inc., 4000 Blackburn Lane, Burtonsville, MD, USA 20866
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 16701 Elmer School Rd., Bldg. 103, Dickerson, MD, USA 20842
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 16701 Elmer School Rd., Bldg. 103, Dickerson, MD, USA 20842
| | - Amy C. Rothwell
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA 53226
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA 53226
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Queen’s University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, 96 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - Marc L. Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
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Athuluri-Divakar SK, Hoshida Y. Generic chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1440:23-35. [PMID: 30221358 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic fibrotic liver disease caused by viral or metabolic etiologies is a high-risk condition for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even after curative treatment of early-stage HCC tumor, the carcinogenic microenvironment persists in the remnant diseased liver and supports the development of de novo HCC tumors (de novo HCC recurrence). Therefore, prevention of HCC development in patients at risk of not only first-primary but also second-primary HCC tumors is theoretically the most impactful strategy to improve patient prognosis. However, no such therapy has been established to date. One major challenge is the identification of clinically relevant targets that can be achieved by utilizing the reverse-engineering strategy of chemoprevention discovery, which integrates omics information from clinical cohorts with completed follow-up for cancer development. Clinical and experimental studies have suggested etiology-specific and generic candidate HCC chemoprevention strategies, including statins, antidiabetic drugs, selective molecular targeted agents, and dietary and nutritional substances. Clinical testing of the candidate compounds can be cost-effectively performed by combining it with HCC risk biomarker evaluation to specify the target patient population most likely to benefit from the therapy. Nontoxic, generic agents will have broad clinical applicability across the diverse HCC etiologies and clinical contexts and are expected to substantially improve the still dismal prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krishna Athuluri-Divakar
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Abstract
We reviewed available evidence on coffee drinking and the risk of all cancers and selected cancers updated to May 2016. Coffee consumption is not associated with overall cancer risk. A meta-analysis reported a pooled relative risk (RR) for an increment of 1 cup of coffee/day of 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.01] for all cancers. Coffee drinking is associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer. A meta-analysis of cohort studies found an RR for an increment of consumption of 1 cup/day of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.90) for liver cancer and a favorable effect on liver enzymes and cirrhosis. Another meta-analysis showed an inverse relation for endometrial cancer risk, with an RR of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.96) for an increment of 1 cup/day. A possible decreased risk was found in some studies for oral/pharyngeal cancer and for advanced prostate cancer. Although data are mixed, overall, there seems to be some favorable effect of coffee drinking on colorectal cancer in case-control studies, in the absence of a consistent relation in cohort studies. For bladder cancer, the results are not consistent; however, any possible direct association is not dose and duration related, and might depend on a residual confounding effect of smoking. A few studies suggest an increased risk of childhood leukemia after maternal coffee drinking during pregnancy, but data are limited and inconsistent. Although the results of studies are mixed, the overall evidence suggests no association of coffee intake with cancers of the stomach, pancreas, lung, breast, ovary, and prostate overall. Data are limited, with RR close to unity for other neoplasms, including those of the esophagus, small intestine, gallbladder and biliary tract, skin, kidney, brain, thyroid, as well as for soft tissue sarcoma and lymphohematopoietic cancer.
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10
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Protective effect of coffee consumption on all-cause mortality of French HIV-HCV co-infected patients. J Hepatol 2017; 67:1157-1167. [PMID: 28942916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Coffee has anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective properties. In the general population, drinking ≥3cups of coffee/day has been associated with a 14% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH is an ongoing French nationwide prospective cohort of patients co-infected with HIV-HCV collecting both medical and psychosocial/behavioural data (annual self-administered questionnaires). We used a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the effect of elevated coffee consumption (≥3cups/day) at baseline on all-cause mortality during the cohort's five-year follow-up. RESULTS Over a median [interquartile range] follow-up of 5.0 [3.9-5.9] years, 77 deaths occurred among 1,028 eligible patients (mortality rate 1.64/100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31-2.05). Leading causes of death were HCV-related diseases (n=33, 43%), cancers unrelated to AIDS/HCV (n=9, 12%), and AIDS (n=8, 10%). At the first available visit, 26.6% of patients reported elevated coffee consumption. Elevated coffee consumption at baseline was associated with a 50% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.5; CI 0.3-0.9; p=0.032), after adjustment for gender and psychosocial, behavioral and clinical time-varying factors. CONCLUSIONS Drinking three or more cups of coffee per day halves all-cause mortality risk in patients co-infected with HIV-HCV. The benefits of coffee extracts and supplementing dietary intake with other anti-inflammatory compounds need to be evaluated in this population. LAY SUMMARY Coffee has anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective properties but its effect on mortality risk has never been investigated in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study shows that elevated coffee consumption (≥3cups/day) halves all-cause mortality risk in patients co-infected with HIV-HCV. The benefits of coffee extracts and supplementing dietary intake with other anti-inflammatory compounds need to be evaluated in this population.
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11
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Watanabe S, Takahashi T, Ogawa H, Uehara H, Tsunematsu T, Baba H, Morimoto Y, Tsuneyama K. Daily Coffee Intake Inhibits Pancreatic Beta Cell Damage and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Metabolic Syndrome, Tsumura-Suzuki Obese Diabetic Mice. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:170-177. [PMID: 28358620 DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is one of the most important health issues worldwide. Obesity causes insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and various diseases throughout the body. The liver phenotype, which is called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), frequently progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma. We recently established a new animal model, Tsumura-Suzuki obese diabetic (TSOD) mice, which spontaneously exhibit obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and NASH with liver nodules. METHODS We examined the effects of coffee intake on various conditions of the metabolic syndrome using TSOD mice. The daily volume of coffee administered was limited so that it reflected the appropriate quantities consumed in humans. To clarify the effects of the specific components, animals were divided into two coffee-intake groups that included with and without caffeine. RESULTS Coffee intake did not significantly affect obesity and hyperlipidemia in TSOD mice. In contrast, coffee intake caused various degrees of improvement in the pancreatic beta cell damage and steatohepatitis with liver carcinogenesis. Most of the effects were believed to be caused by a synergistic effect of caffeine with other components such as polyphenols. However, the antifibrotic effects of coffee appeared to be due to the polyphenols rather than the caffeine. CONCLUSIONS A daily habit of drinking coffee could possibly play a role in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunsuke Watanabe
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Takahashi
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Musashino University , Nishitokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ogawa
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisanori Uehara
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hayato Baba
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Morimoto
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
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12
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Jaruvongvanich V, Sanguankeo A, Klomjit N, Upala S. Effects of caffeine consumption in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:46-55. [PMID: 27350575 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased caffeine consumption has been associated with a decreased risk of liver enzyme elevation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, few studies have assessed these effects in patients with chronic hepatitis C; therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of caffeine consumption in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of the databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from inception through November 2015. The inclusion criterion was observational studies' assessment of the impact of caffeine consumption in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C. RESULTS Eleven studies were included for full article review, and data was extracted from five observational studies for meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio of advanced hepatic fibrosis in patients who had higher caffeine intake was 0.39 (95% confidence interval 0.21-0.72, P=0.003) compared with lower caffeine intake group. The statistical between-study heterogeneity was moderate with an I2 of 70%. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated that caffeine intake is significantly associated with decreased odds of advanced hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Future prospective studies assessing the optimal dose and preparation of caffeinated beverages for prevention of hepatic fibrosis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeravich Jaruvongvanich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Anawin Sanguankeo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cooperstown, NY, USA; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Nattawat Klomjit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Sikarin Upala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cooperstown, NY, USA; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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13
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Hodge A, Lim S, Goh E, Wong O, Marsh P, Knight V, Sievert W, de Courten B. Coffee Intake Is Associated with a Lower Liver Stiffness in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis B. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010056. [PMID: 28075394 PMCID: PMC5295100 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence for the positive effects or benefits of coffee in patients with liver disease. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to determine the effects of coffee intake on a non-invasive marker of liver fibrosis: liver stiffness assessed by transient elastography (TE). We assessed coffee and tea intake and measured TE in 1018 patients with NAFLD, HCV, and HBV (155 with NAFLD, 378 with HCV and 485 with HBV). Univariate and multivariate regression models were performed taking into account potential confounders. Liver stiffness was higher in males compared to females (p < 0.05). Patients with HBV had lower liver stiffness than those with HCV and NAFLD. After adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, M or XL probe, and disease state (NAFLD, HCV, and HBV status), those who drank 2 or more cups of coffee per day had a lower liver stiffness (p = 0.044). Tea consumption had no effect (p = 0.9). Coffee consumption decreases liver stiffness, which may indicate less fibrosis and inflammation, independent of disease state. This study adds further evidence to the notion of coffee maybe beneficial in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hodge
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Sarah Lim
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Evan Goh
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Ophelia Wong
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Philip Marsh
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Virginia Knight
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - William Sievert
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
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14
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Loftfield E, O’Brien TR, Pfeiffer RM, Howell CD, Horst R, Prokunina-Olsson L, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Morgan TR, Freedman ND. Vitamin D Status and Virologic Response to HCV Therapy in the HALT-C and VIRAHEP-C Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166036. [PMID: 27832143 PMCID: PMC5104464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 150 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and face higher risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Highly effective HCV treatments have recently been developed; however, they are costly and therefore poorly suited for application in resource-limited settings where HCV burden is high. Pegylated-interferon alpha (PEG-IFNα) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy is far less costly, but also less effective. Vitamin D supplementation has been proposed as an inexpensive adjuvant to treatment, however, prior epidemiological evidence on its effectiveness is inconsistent, with little data available among African Americans who naturally have lower vitamin D concentrations. We thus evaluated associations between baseline vitamin D status, measured by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is considered to be the best marker of vitamin D status in humans, and subsequent response to PEG-IFNα/RBV therapy in two large clinical trials that together included 1292 patients infected with HCV genotype 1. We used race-stratified logistic regression models to evaluate multivariable-adjusted associations of 25(OH)D with early virologic response (EVR; 2-log10 HCV RNA decline at week 12) and sustained virologic response (SVR). Among African Americans, we saw no associations. Among European Americans, we saw no association with low vitamin D (≤20 ng/mL) versus sufficient concentrations (20-<30 ng/mL). However, patients with 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL were actually less likely to attain EVR (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43–0.94) than those with sufficient concentrations, with a similar but non-significant association observed for SVR (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.20–1.17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erikka Loftfield
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas R. O’Brien
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Howell
- Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ron Horst
- Heartland Assays, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Morgan
- VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, United States of America
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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15
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Terrault NA, Hassanein TI. Management of the patient with SVR. J Hepatol 2016; 65:S120-S129. [PMID: 27641982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current era of therapy with direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) drugs, achievement of a sustained virological response (SVR) is achievable in ⩾90% of hepatitis C-infected patients. SVR benefits are well-recognized with reductions in rates of liver complications, hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality. Additional benefits include reduced morbidity related to extrahepatic and systemic manifestations of hepatitis C such as renal, dermatologic, and metabolic complications. However, not all patients will derive all of these benefits and monitoring for progression is necessary, especially in those with more advanced fibrosis. To maximize the health benefits of SVR, counseling patients on best means to maintain good liver health and prevent reinfection are also important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek I Hassanein
- University of California San Diego and Southern California GI and Liver Centers, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Coffee is the most popular beverage in the world. Consumption of coffee has been shown to benefit health in general, and liver health in particular. This article reviews the effects of coffee intake on development and progression of liver disease due to various causes. We also describe the putative mechanisms by which coffee exerts the protective effect. The clinical evidence of benefit of coffee consumption in Hepatitis B and C, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, has also been presented. Coffee consumption is associated with improvement in liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGTP), especially in individuals with risk for liver disease. Coffee intake more than 2 cups per day in patients with preexisting liver disease has been shown to be associated with lower incidence of fibrosis and cirrhosis, lower hepatocellular carcinoma rates, as well as decreased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Wadhawan
- Fortis Escorts Liver and Digestive Diseases Institute, Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Manav Wadhawan, Senior Consultant, Fortis Escorts Liver and Digestive Diseases Institute, Delhi, India.Manav Wadhawan, Senior Consultant, Fortis Escorts Liver and Digestive Diseases InstituteDelhiIndia
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17
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Aleksandrova K, Bamia C, Drogan D, Lagiou P, Trichopoulou A, Jenab M, Fedirko V, Romieu I, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Pischon T, Tsilidis K, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Bouton-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Racine A, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Tsironis C, Papatesta EM, Saitakis G, Palli D, Panico S, Grioni S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Lukic M, Braaten T, Quirós JR, Luján-Barroso L, Sánchez MJ, Chilarque MD, Ardanas E, Dorronsoro M, Nilsson LM, Sund M, Wallström P, Ohlsson B, Bradbury KE, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Stepien M, Duarte-Salles T, Assi N, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, Boeing H, Trichopoulos D. The association of coffee intake with liver cancer risk is mediated by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury: data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1498-508. [PMID: 26561631 PMCID: PMC4658462 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher coffee intake has been purportedly related to a lower risk of liver cancer. However, it remains unclear whether this association may be accounted for by specific biological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the potential mediating roles of inflammatory, metabolic, liver injury, and iron metabolism biomarkers on the association between coffee intake and the primary form of liver cancer-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DESIGN We conducted a prospective nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition among 125 incident HCC cases matched to 250 controls using an incidence-density sampling procedure. The association of coffee intake with HCC risk was evaluated by using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression that accounted for smoking, alcohol consumption, hepatitis infection, and other established liver cancer risk factors. The mediating effects of 21 biomarkers were evaluated on the basis of percentage changes and associated 95% CIs in the estimated regression coefficients of models with and without adjustment for biomarkers individually and in combination. RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted RR of having ≥4 cups (600 mL) coffee/d compared with <2 cups (300 mL)/d was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.62; P-trend = 0.006). A statistically significant attenuation of the association between coffee intake and HCC risk and thereby suspected mediation was confirmed for the inflammatory biomarker IL-6 and for the biomarkers of hepatocellular injury glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total bilirubin, which-in combination-attenuated the regression coefficients by 72% (95% CI: 7%, 239%). Of the investigated biomarkers, IL-6, AST, and GGT produced the highest change in the regression coefficients: 40%, 56%, and 60%, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the inverse association of coffee intake with HCC risk was partly accounted for by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Christina Bamia
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Dagmar Drogan
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton-Ruault
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Racine
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; HuGeF Foundation, Turin, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Leila Luján-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chilarque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanas
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Epidemiology and Health Information, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery and Public Health, Nutrition Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Wallström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Internal Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nada Assi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Gupta V, Mah XJ, Garcia MC, Antonypillai C, van der Poorten D. Oily fish, coffee and walnuts: Dietary treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10621-35. [PMID: 26457022 PMCID: PMC4588084 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing worldwide in tandem with the metabolic syndrome, with the progressive form of disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) likely to become the most common cause of end stage liver disease in the not too distant future. Lifestyle modification and weight loss remain the main focus of management in NAFLD and NASH, however, there has been growing interest in the benefit of specific foods and dietary components on disease progression, with some foods showing protective properties. This article provides an overview of the foods that show the most promise and their potential benefits in NAFLD/NASH, specifically; oily fish/ fish oil, coffee, nuts, tea, red wine, avocado and olive oil. Furthermore, it summarises results from animal and human trials and highlights potential areas for future research.
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19
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Abnet CC, Corley DA, Freedman ND, Kamangar F. Diet and upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1234-1243.e4. [PMID: 25680671 PMCID: PMC4414068 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet is believed to modulate cancer risk and this relationship has been widely studied in the gastrointestinal tract. Observational epidemiologic studies have provided most of the evidence about the effects of diet on cancer risk because clinical trials to determine nutritional exposures are often impossible, impractical, or unaffordable. Although a few foods or nutrients are thought to protect against specific types of cancer, it seems clear that the strength and even direction of dietary associations (increasing or decreasing risk) is organ-site- and even histology-specific, along the gastrointestinal tract. Although some hypotheses are supported by a substantial body of observational data (drinking hot maté [an infusion of the herb Ilex Paraguarensis] contributes to esophageal cancer), there are not much data to support others. We discuss some highly touted hypotheses and draw interim conclusions about what is known and what could be done to improve the level of evidence. The complex nature of diet and its associations can be productively investigated with disease-specific studies. However, public health recommendations for normal-risk individuals regarding diet and gastrointestinal cancer should probably emphasize the importance of eating for overall health rather than eating specific foods to reduce risk for specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C. Abnet
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD,Address for Correspondence: Christian Abnet, PhD, MPH, Senior Investigator, Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr Rm 6e344 MSC 9768, Bethesda MD 20892, Office: (240) 276-7213, Mobile: (240) 505-6299,
| | - Douglas A. Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Feld JJ, Lavoie ÉG, Fausther M, Dranoff JA. I drink for my liver, Doc: emerging evidence that coffee prevents cirrhosis. F1000Res 2015; 4:95. [PMID: 25977756 PMCID: PMC4416533 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6368.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence demonstrating that regular ingestion of coffee has salutary effects on patients with chronic liver disease is accumulating rapidly. Specifically, it appears that coffee ingestion can slow the progression of liver fibrosis, preventing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This should excite clinicians and scientists alike, since these observations, if true, would create effective, testable hypotheses that should lead to improved understanding on fibrosis pathogenesis and thus may generate novel pharmacologic treatments of patients with chronic liver disease. This review is designed to examine the relevant clinical and epidemiological data in critical fashion and to examine the putative pharmacological effects of coffee relevant to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. We hope that this will inspire relevant critical analyses, especially among “coffee skeptics”. Of note, one major assumption made by this review is that the bulk of the effects of coffee consumption are mediated by caffeine, rather than by other chemical constituents of coffee. Our rationales for this assumption are threefold: first, caffeine’s effects on adenosinergic signaling provide testable hypotheses; second, although there are myriad chemical constituents of coffee, they are present in very low concentrations, and perhaps more importantly, vary greatly between coffee products and production methods (it is important to note that we do not dismiss the “botanical” hypothesis here; rather, we do not emphasize it at present due to the limitations of the studies examined); lastly, some (but not all) observational studies have examined both coffee and non-coffee caffeine consumption and found consistent effects, and when examined, no benefit to decaffeinated coffee has been observed. Further, in the interval since we examined this phenomenon last, further evidence has accumulated supporting caffeine as the effector molecule for coffee’s salutary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Western Hospital Liver Center, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Élise G Lavoie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michel Fausther
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jonathan A Dranoff
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Carrieri MP, Serfaty L, Vilotitch A, Winnock M, Poizot-Martin I, Loko MA, Lions C, Lascoux-Combe C, Roux P, Salmon-Ceron D, Spire B, Dabis F. Cannabis Use and Reduced Risk of Insulin Resistance in HIV-HCV Infected Patients: A Longitudinal Analysis (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH). Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:40-8. [PMID: 25778750 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and insulin resistance (IR) is common in human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus (HIV-HCV)-coinfected patients, a population also concerned with elevated cannabis use. Cannabis has been associated with reduced IR risk in some population-based surveys. We determined whether cannabis use was consistently associated with reduced IR risk in HEPAVIH, a French nationwide cohort of HIV-HCV-coinfected patients. METHODS HEPAVIH medical and sociobehavioral data were collected (using annual self-administered questionnaires). We used 60 months of follow-up data for patients with at least 1 medical visit where IR (using homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and cannabis use were assessed. A mixed logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between IR risk (HOMA-IR > 2.77) and cannabis use (occasional, regular, daily). RESULTS Among the 703 patients included in the study (1287 visits), 323 (46%) had HOMA-IR > 2.77 for at least 1 follow-up visit and 319 (45%) reported cannabis use in the 6 months before the first available visit. Cannabis users (irrespective of frequency) were less likely to have HOMA-IR > 2.77 (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.4 [.2-.5]) after adjustment for known correlates/confounders. Two sensitivity analyses with HOMA-IR values as a continuous variable and a cutoff value of 3.8 confirmed the association between reduced IR risk and cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use is associated with a lower IR risk in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients. The benefits of cannabis-based pharmacotherapies for patients concerned with increased risk of IR and diabetes need to be evaluated in clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Patrizia Carrieri
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)912 (Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale [SESSTIM]) Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S912, Institut de recherche pour le développement Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille
| | - Lawrence Serfaty
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), INSERM UMR_938, Université Pierre&Marie-Curie, Paris
| | - Antoine Vilotitch
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)912 (Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale [SESSTIM]) Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S912, Institut de recherche pour le développement Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille
| | - Maria Winnock
- INSERM, U897 and Institut de santé publique d'épidémiologie et de développement, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux
| | - Isabelle Poizot-Martin
- Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille Sainte-Marguerite, Service d'Immuno-hématologie Clinique, INSERM U912 (SESSTIM)
| | - Marc-Arthur Loko
- INSERM, U897 and Institut de santé publique d'épidémiologie et de développement, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux
| | - Caroline Lions
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)912 (Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale [SESSTIM]) Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S912, Institut de recherche pour le développement Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille
| | | | - Perrine Roux
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)912 (Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale [SESSTIM]) Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S912, Institut de recherche pour le développement Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille
| | - Dominique Salmon-Ceron
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Cochin, APHP- Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Bruno Spire
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)912 (Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale [SESSTIM]) Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S912, Institut de recherche pour le développement Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille
| | - Francois Dabis
- INSERM, U897 and Institut de santé publique d'épidémiologie et de développement, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux
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22
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Tanida I, Shirasago Y, Suzuki R, Abe R, Wakita T, Hanada K, Fukasawa M. Inhibitory Effects of Caffeic Acid, a Coffee-Related Organic Acid, on the Propagation of Hepatitis C Virus. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 68:268-75. [PMID: 25672401 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Multipurpose cohort studies have demonstrated that coffee consumption reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given that one of the main causes of HCC is hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we examined the effect of caffeic acid, a major organic acid derived from coffee, on the propagation of HCV using an in vitro naïve HCV particle-infection and production system within human hepatoma-derived Huh-7.5.1-8 cells. When cells were treated with 1% coffee extract or 0.1% caffeic acid for 1-h post HCV infection, the amount of HCV particles released into the medium at 3 and 4 days post-infection considerably decreased. In addition, HCV-infected cells cultured with 0.001% caffeic acid for 4 days, also released less HCV particles into the medium. Caffeic acid treatment inhibited the initial stage of HCV infection (i.e., between virion entry and the translation of the RNA genome) in both HCV genotypes 1b and 2a. These results suggest that the treatment of cells with caffeic acid may inhibit HCV propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isei Tanida
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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23
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Fernández Rodriguez CM, Gutierrez Garcia ML. [Impact of antiviral therapy on the natural history of hepatitis C virus]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2014; 37:583-592. [PMID: 25066318 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection affects around 150 million persons, and 350,000 persons worldwide die of this disease each year. Although the data on its natural history are incomplete, after the acute infection, most patients develop chronic forms of hepatitis C with variable stages of fibrosis. In these patients, continual inflammatory activity can cause significant fibrosis, cirrhosis, decompensation of the liver disease, or hepatocarcinoma. In the next few years, it is expected that hepatitis C virus infection and its complications will significantly increase, as will the incidence of hepatocarcinoma in Spain. This review presents the data on the natural history of hepatitis C virus infection and discusses the potential impact of antiviral therapy on the distinct stages of the disease.
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24
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Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely used beverages in the world. It includes a wide array of components that can have potential implications for health. Several epidemiological studies associate coffee consumption with a reduced incidence of various chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past 20 years, an increasing number of epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the positive effects of coffee on chronic liver diseases. Coffee consumption has been inversely associated with the activity of liver enzymes in subjects at risk, including heavy drinkers. Coffee favours an improvement in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and a reduction in cirrhosis and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms of action through which it exerts its beneficial effects are not fully understood. Experimental studies show that coffee consumption reduces fat accumulation and collagen deposition in the liver and promotes antioxidant capacity through an increase in glutathione as well as modulation of the gene and protein expression of several inflammatory mediators. Animal and in vitro studies indicate that cafestol and kahweol, 2 diterpens, can operate by modulating multiple enzymes involved in the detoxification process of carcinogens causing hepatocellular carcinoma. It is unclear whether the benefits are significant enough to "treat" patients with chronic liver disease. While we await clarification, moderate daily unsweetened coffee use is a reasonable adjuvant to therapy for these patients.
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25
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Arain A, Robaeys G. Eligibility of persons who inject drugs for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12722-12733. [PMID: 25278674 PMCID: PMC4177459 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this decade, an increase is expected in end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, most commonly caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although people who inject drugs (PWID) are the major source for HCV infection, they were excluded from antiviral treatments until recently. Nowadays there is incontrovertible evidence in favor of treating these patients, and substitution therapy and active substance use are no longer contraindications for antiviral treatment. The viral clearance in PWID after HCV antiviral treatment with interferon or pegylated interferon combined with ribavirin is comparable to the viral clearance in non-substance users. Furthermore, multidisciplinary approaches to delivering treatment to PWID are advised, and their treatment should be considered on an individualized basis. To prevent the spread of HCV in the PWID community, recent active PWID are eligible for treatment in combination with needle exchange programs and substitution therapy. As the rate of HCV reinfection is low after HCV antiviral treatment, there is no need to withhold HCV treatment due to concerns about reinfection alone. Despite the advances in treatment efficacies and data supporting their success, HCV assessment of PWID and initiation of antiviral treatment remains low. However, the proportion of PWID assessed and treated for HCV is increasing, which can be further enhanced by understanding the barriers to and facilitators of HCV care. Removing stigmatization and implementing peer support and group treatment strategies, in conjunction with greater involvement by nurse educators/practitioners, will promote greater treatment seeking and adherence by PWID. Moreover, screening can be facilitated by noninvasive methods for detecting HCV antibodies and assessing liver fibrosis stages. Recently, HCV clearance has become a major endpoint in the war against drugs for the Global Commission on Drug Policy. This review highlights the most recent evidence concerning HCV infection and treatment strategies in PWID.
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26
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Abstract
Cirrhosis is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in more developed countries, being the 14th most common cause of death worldwide but fourth in central Europe. Increasingly, cirrhosis has been seen to be not a single disease entity, but one that can be subclassified into distinct clinical prognostic stages, with 1-year mortality ranging from 1% to 57% depending on the stage. We review the current understanding of cirrhosis as a dynamic process and outline current therapeutic options for prevention and treatment of complications of cirrhosis, on the basis of the subclassification in clinical stages. The new concept in management of patients with cirrhosis should be prevention and early intervention to stabilise disease progression and to avoid or delay clinical decompensation and the need for liver transplantation. The challenge in the 21st century is to prevent the need for liver transplantation in as many patients with cirrhosis as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital and UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, London, UK
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew K Burroughs
- Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital and UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, London, UK.
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27
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Snow KK, Bell MC, Stoddard AM, Curto TM, Wright EC, Dienstag JL. Processes to manage analyses and publications in a phase III multicenter randomized clinical trial. Trials 2014; 15:159. [PMID: 24886378 PMCID: PMC4040510 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The timely publication of findings in peer-reviewed journals is a primary goal of clinical research. In clinical trials, the processes leading to publication can be complex from choice and prioritization of analytic topics through to journal submission and revisions. As little literature exists on the publication process for multicenter trials, we describe the development, implementation, and effectiveness of such a process in a multicenter trial. Methods The Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) trial included a data coordinating center (DCC) and clinical centers that recruited and followed more than 1,000 patients. Publication guidelines were approved by the steering committee, and the publications committee monitored the publication process from selection of topics to publication. Results A total of 73 manuscripts were published in 23 peer-reviewed journals. When manuscripts were closely tracked, the median time for analyses and drafting of manuscripts was 8 months. The median time for data analyses was 5 months and the median time for manuscript drafting was 3 months. The median time for publications committee review, submission, and journal acceptance was 7 months, and the median time from analytic start to journal acceptance was 18 months. Conclusions Effective publication guidelines must be comprehensive, implemented early in a trial, and require active management by study investigators. Successful collaboration, such as in the HALT-C trial, can serve as a model for others involved in multidisciplinary and multicenter research programs. Trial registration The HALT-C Trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00006164).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teresa M Curto
- New England Research Institutes, 9 Galen Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
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28
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Marcellin F, Roux P, Winnock M, Lions C, Dabis F, Salmon-Ceron D, Loko MA, Spire B, Carrieri MP. Using patient-reported outcomes to improve the management of co-infection with HIV and HCV: the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:351-8. [PMID: 24580042 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.888949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The management of co-infection with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is complicated by viral and drug-drug interactions, treatment-related side effects, and the poor response to therapy of certain HCV genotypes. Current or past drug use may also have a negative impact. HEPAVIH (ANRS CO13) is an ongoing French cohort study of co-infected individuals which combines medical and socio-behavioral follow-up. This cohort study aims at analyzing the course of HCV infection and access to HCV treatment in HIV-HCV co-infected patients, using both clinical and patient-reported outcomes. This article documents the main lessons learned to date from the HEPAVIH data and published literature, while describing research prospects and needs requiring further investigation in the field of patient-reported outcomes.
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29
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Saab S, Mallam D, Cox GA, Tong MJ. Impact of coffee on liver diseases: a systematic review. Liver Int 2014; 34:495-504. [PMID: 24102757 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world. Its health benefits including improved overall survival have been demonstrated in a variety of disease states. To examine the association of coffee consumption with liver disease, a systematic review of studies on the effects of coffee on liver associated laboratory tests, viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was performed. Coffee consumption was associated with improved serum gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values in a dose dependent manner in individuals at risk for liver disease. In chronic liver disease patients who consume coffee, a decreased risk of progression to cirrhosis, a lowered mortality rate in cirrhosis patients, and a lowered rate of HCC development were observed. In chronic hepatitis C patients, coffee was associated with improved virologic responses to antiviral therapy. Moreover, coffee consumption was inversely related to the severity of steatohepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, in patients with chronic liver disease, daily coffee consumption should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Saab
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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30
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Chen S, Teoh NC, Chitturi S, Farrell GC. Coffee and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: brewing evidence for hepatoprotection? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:435-41. [PMID: 24199670 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Several studies consistently show that coffee drinkers with chronic liver disease have a reduced risk of cirrhosis and a lower incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma regardless of primary etiology. With the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide, there is renewed interest in the effect of coffee intake on NAFLD severity and positive clinical outcomes. This review gives an overview of growing epidemiological and clinical evidence which indicate that coffee consumption reduces severity of NAFLD. These studies vary in methodology, and potential confounding factors have not always been completely excluded. However, it does appear that coffee, and particular components other than caffeine, reduce NAFLD prevalence and inflammation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Several possible mechanisms underlying coffee's hepatoprotective effects in NAFLD include antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects, while a chemopreventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis seems likely. The so-far limited data supporting such effects will be discussed, and the need for further study is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Liver Research Group, ANU Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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31
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Machado SR, Parise ER, de Carvalho L. Coffee has hepatoprotective benefits in Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C even in lower daily consumption than in American and European populations. Braz J Infect Dis 2014; 18:170-6. [PMID: 24275378 PMCID: PMC9427488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential role of coffee as a hepatoprotective substance for chronic liver diseases has been widely discussed. Our main aim was to evaluate the effect of coffee intake regarding clinical, biochemical tests and liver biopsy data in treatment naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C. One hundred and thirty-six patients with chronic hepatitis C, diagnosed through liver biopsy, or by means of clinical, ultrasound or endoscopic signs of cirrhosis, were assessed by determination of biochemical tests, metabolic and morphological alterations. Food frequency was scrutinized by using a structured questionnaire. Coffee intake represented more than 90% of the total daily caffeine, and the 75th percentile was 4-Brazilian coffee-cup/day (≥255 mL/day or ≥123 mg caffeine/day). According to caffeine intake, patients were divided into two groups (< or ≥123 mg caffeine/day). Patients with higher ingestion of caffeine had lower serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (× upper limit of normal) (1.8 ± 1.5 vs 2.3 ± 1.5, p = 0.04), lower frequencies of advanced (F3, F4) fibrosis (23.5% vs 54.5%, p < 0.001) and of histological activity grade (A3, A4) observed in liver biopsies (13.8% vs 36.9%, p < 0.001). By multivariate logistic regression, fibrosis was independently associated with caffeine intake (OR– 0.16; 95%CI – 0.03–0.80; p = 0.026), γ-glutamil transferase serum levels and morphological activity. But only fibrosis was associated with histological activity. In conclusion caffeine consumption greater than 123 mg/day was associated with reduced hepatic fibrosis. In addition, this study supports the assumption that coffee intake has hepatoprotective benefits for Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C, even in lower doses than that of American and European population intake.
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32
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Lee TH, Tillmann HL, Patel K. Individualized therapy for hepatitis C infection: focus on the interleukin-28B polymorphism in directing therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2014; 18:25-38. [PMID: 24022240 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus—a major global cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma—affects millions of people worldwide. Pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) had been the standard treatment for a decade until availability of the protease inhibitors in 2011. However, current antiviral therapy is still IFN-based and is associated with significant side effects and variable treatment response. Thus, various host and viral factors have been evaluated before and during treatment for the prediction of sustained virologic response to antiviral therapy. In 2009, genome-wide association studies found the single-nucleotide polymorphisms, located near the host interleukin-28B (IL28B) gene that encodes IFN-λ3, to be the best pretreatment predictor of virologic response to Peg-IFN and RBV therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. Additionally, inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene variants were found to be associated with RBV-induced hemolytic anemia, which could affect treatment dose for selected patients. IL28B, ITPA, and other treatment predictors allowed for a potential individualized approach to treat hepatitis C. In the era of increased overall virologic response rates and good tolerability of the rapidly developing non-IFN oral direct-acting antiviral therapy regimens, the need for individualized treatment is likely to diminish. Various predictors of response, including IL28B will likely be of reduced importance in the near future.
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Carrieri MP, Lions C, Sogni P, Winnock M, Roux P, Mora M, Bonnard P, Salmon D, Dabis F, Spire B. Association between elevated coffee consumption and daily chocolate intake with normal liver enzymes in HIV-HCV infected individuals: results from the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort study. J Hepatol 2014; 60:46-53. [PMID: 23978720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We used longitudinal data from the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort study of HIV-HCV co-infected individuals to investigate whether polyphenol rich food intake through coffee and/or daily chocolate consumption could play a role in reducing liver enzymes levels. METHODS Longitudinal data collection included self-administered questionnaires and medical data (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) liver enzymes). Two analyses were performed to assess the association between coffee (≥3 cups a day) and daily chocolate intake and abnormal values of AST and ALT (AST or ALT >2.5 × upper normal limit (UNL)) (N=990) over time, after adjustment for known correlates. Logistic regression models based on generalized estimating equations were used to take into account the correlations between repeated measures and estimate adjusted odds ratio. RESULTS After adjustment, patients reporting elevated coffee consumption and daily chocolate intake were less likely to present abnormal ALT (OR=0.65; p=0.04 and OR=0.57; p=0.04, for coffee and chocolate respectively), while only patients reporting elevated coffee consumption were less likely to have abnormal AST values (p=0.05). Nevertheless, the combined indicator of coffee and chocolate intake was most significantly associated with approximately 40% reduced risk of abnormal liver enzymes (p=0.003 for AST; p=0.002 for ALT). CONCLUSIONS Elevated coffee consumption and daily chocolate intake appear to be associated with reduced levels of liver enzymes in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. Further experimental and observational research is needed to better understand the role that polyphenol intake or supplementation can play on liver disease and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patrizia Carrieri
- INSERM, U912 (SESSTIM), Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, UMR-S912, Marseille, France; ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France.
| | - Caroline Lions
- INSERM, U912 (SESSTIM), Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, UMR-S912, Marseille, France; ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Sogni
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, INSERM U567-CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Service d'Hépatologie, Paris, France
| | - Maria Winnock
- INSERM, U897 and ISPED, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - Perrine Roux
- INSERM, U912 (SESSTIM), Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, UMR-S912, Marseille, France; ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Mora
- INSERM, U912 (SESSTIM), Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, UMR-S912, Marseille, France; ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Bonnard
- Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Tenon, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPMC Paris Liver Center, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Salmon
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - François Dabis
- INSERM, U897 and ISPED, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Spire
- INSERM, U912 (SESSTIM), Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, UMR-S912, Marseille, France; ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
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Macaluso FS, Maida M, Minissale MG, Li Vigni T, Attardo S, Orlando E, Petta S. Metabolic factors and chronic hepatitis C: a complex interplay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:564645. [PMID: 23956991 PMCID: PMC3730187 DOI: 10.1155/2013/564645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, several lines of evidence showed how metabolic factors may influence the natural history of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Chronic HCV infection is able to perturb the metabolic homeostasis of the host, in a context of complex interactions where pre-existent metabolic status and genetic background play an important role, allowing us to state that HCV infection is a systemic disease. In this review, we discuss the most recent lines of evidence on the main metabolic factors that are known to be associated with CHC, namely, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, steatosis, visceral obesity, atherosclerosis, vitamin D, menopause, fructose and coffee intake, lipoproteins, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase status, and hyperuricaemia. In particular, we focus on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the correlation between HCV infection and metabolic disorders, the impact of metabolic factors on the progression of liver and non-liver-related diseases, and, on the contrary, the possible influence of chronic HCV infection on metabolic features. In this setting, the importance of a multifaceted evaluation of CHC patients and a prompt correction of modifiable metabolic risk factors should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Salvatore Macaluso
- Section of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
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Abstract
Cirrhosis is a major health problem, being the 5th cause of death in the U.K. and 12th in the U.S., but 4th in the 45 to 54 age group. Until recently cirrhosis was considered a single and terminal disease stage, with an inevitably poor prognosis. However, it is now clear that 1-year mortality can range from 1% in early cirrhosis to 57% in decompensated disease. As the only treatment for advanced cirrhosis is liver transplantation, what is urgently needed is strategies to prevent transition to decompensated stages. The evidence we present in this review clearly demonstrates that management of patients with cirrhosis should change from an expectant algorithm that treats complications as they occur, to preventing the advent of all complications while in the compensated phase. This requires maintaining patients in an asymptomatic phase and not significantly affecting their quality of life with minimal impairment due to the therapies themselves. This could be achieved with lifestyle changes and combinations of already licensed and low-cost drugs, similar to the paradigm of treating risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The drugs are propranolol, simvastatin, norfloxacin, and warfarin, which in combination would cost £128/patient annually-equivalent to U.S. $196/year. This treatment strategy requires randomized controlled trials to establish improvements in outcomes. In the 21st century, cirrhosis should be regarded as a potentially treatable disease with currently available and inexpensive therapies.
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Anty R, Marjoux S, Iannelli A, Patouraux S, Schneck AS, Bonnafous S, Gire C, Amzolini A, Ben-Amor I, Saint-Paul MC, Mariné-Barjoan E, Pariente A, Gugenheim J, Gual P, Tran A. Regular coffee but not espresso drinking is protective against fibrosis in a cohort mainly composed of morbidly obese European women with NAFLD undergoing bariatric surgery. J Hepatol 2012; 57:1090-6. [PMID: 22820478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the influence of coffee and other caffeinated drinks on liver fibrosis of severely obese European patients. METHODS A specific questionnaire exploring various types of coffee (regular filtrated coffee and espresso), caffeinated drinks, and chocolate was filled in by 195 severely obese patients. All patients had liver biopsies that were analyzed according to the NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System. Univariate and multivariate analyses of significant fibrosis were performed. RESULTS Caffeine came mainly from coffee-containing beverages (77.5%). Regular coffee and espresso were consumed in 30.8% and 50.2% of the patients, respectively. Regular coffee, espresso, and total caffeine consumption was similar between patients with and without NASH. While consumption of espresso, caffeinated soft drinks, and chocolate was similar among patients, with respect to the level of fibrosis, regular coffee consumption was lower in patients with significant fibrosis (F ≥2). According to logistic regression analysis, consumption of regular coffee was an independent protective factor for fibrosis (OR: 0.752 [0.578-0.980], p=0.035) in a model including level of AST (OR: 1.04 [1.004-1.076], p=0.029), presence of NASH (OR: 2.41 [1.007-5.782], p=0.048), presence of the metabolic syndrome (NS), and level of HOMA-IR (NS). Espresso, but not regular coffee consumption was higher in patients with lower HDL cholesterol level, higher triglyceride level, and the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of regular coffee but not espresso is an independent protective factor for liver fibrosis in severely obese European patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Anty
- Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1065, Team 8, Hepatic Complications in Obesity, Nice, F-06204 Cedex 3, France.
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Heathcote EJ. Clinical trials and their translation in hepatology: past, present, and future. Hepatology 2012; 56:399-410. [PMID: 22213049 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Jenny Heathcote
- Division of Patient Based Clinical Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden. Hepatitis C causes significant liver-related morbidity and mortality due to hepatic decompensation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, extra-hepatic manifestations of hepatitis C are frequent. There is a very large interindividual variability in the natural history of both acute and chronic hepatitis C which can be explained in part by a combination of various host, viral and environmental factors. Successful antiviral treatment can prevent short- and long-term complications of HCV infection in many patients. Still, the relative contribution of distinct risk factors for disease progression in different phases of HCV infection needs to be better defined. Personalized treatment approaches for HCV infection should consider individual risk profiles to avoid both under- and over-treatment - which will remain important also in upcoming era of interferon-free treatment of hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Maasoumy
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Gutiérrez-Grobe Y, Chávez-Tapia N, Sánchez-Valle V, Gavilanes-Espinar JG, Ponciano-Rodríguez G, Uribe M, Méndez-Sánchez N. High coffee intake is associated with lower grade nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the role of peripheral antioxidant activity. Ann Hepatol 2012; 11:350-355. [PMID: 22481454 DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)30931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Some phytochemicals present in coffee have a potential antioxidant role which seems to protect the human body against cardiovascular diseases, liver disease and malignancies. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common disease with limited therapeutic options. This study investigated the antioxidant effect of coffee by measuring antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation markers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a case-control study at the University Hospital, Mexico City. Anthropometric, metabolic, dietary and biochemical variables of all patients were determined and compared. The presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was established by ultrasonography. All patients completed a dietary questionnaire in order to determine their of coffee consumption. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured in all of the patients. RESULTS Seventy-three subjects with and 57 without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were included. Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease had significantly higher body mass index, blood glucose, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance and insulin values in comparison to patients without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. On the one hand, there was a significant difference in coffee intake between the groups (p < 0.05, for all comparisons). There was no significant difference between groups in catalase (0.39 ± 0.74 vs. 0.28 ± 0.69 nM/min/mL), superoxide dismutase (5.4 ± 3.45 vs. 4.7 ± 2.1 U/mL) or thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (4.05 ± 1.87 vs. 3.94 ± 1.59 µM/mL). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of coffee has a protective effect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease however there was no significant difference in the antioxidant variables analyzed.
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Carrieri MP, Cohen J, Salmon-Ceron D, Winnock M. Coffee consumption and reduced self-reported side effects in HIV-HCV co-infected patients during PEG-IFN and ribavirin treatment: results from ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH. J Hepatol 2012; 56:745-7. [PMID: 21888878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
Genotype 3 is a common type of HCV infection, and standard therapy using pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) is quite effective in these patients. While a short course of 16 weeks may result in comparable end of therapy responses, relapse rates are often high. A 24-week course is therefore preferable, and is expected to result in sustained virological response (SVR) rates of more than 70%. The 24-week course is especially recommended in the presence of steatosis (often associated with Genotype 3 infection), fibrosis stage two or more, high BMI and high viral load. In patients who do not achieve a rapid viral response (RVR) with combination therapy, an extended course up to 48 weeks should be considered. While not as definite as for genotype 1 patients, the presence of the CC variant of IL28b could help in the initial prognosis and the need for additional treatment, if an RVR is not achieved. The role of directly acting antiviral agents (DAA) has not been fully evaluated in treatment naïve, non-responders and relapsers in genotype 3 patients. Initial results with the cyclophilin inhibitor Debio-025 are quite encouraging. There is an urgent need for large clinical trials using DAA and host modulators in patients with G3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Birerdinc A, Stepanova M, Pawloski L, Younossi ZM. Caffeine is protective in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:76-82. [PMID: 22059453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is the most common cause of primary liver disease. Although recent studies have found that coffee drinking is protective against end stage chronic liver disease, there are scarce caffeine intake data in NAFLD specifically. AIM To investigate the effects of dietary behaviour in NAFLD patients, using four continuous cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2001-2008). METHODS Using data from four continuous cycles of NHANES, dietary intake questionnaires that list 62 nutrition components. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of NAFLD among nutrition components after adjustment for potential clinical confounders. All analyses were run using sas 9.1 and SUDAAN 10.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). RESULTS Of the 62 nutrient components used for the univariate analysis, 38% were significant (P-value <0.05) in NAFLD with caffeine consumption being higher in the control group (P-value <0.001). The multivariate analysis using demographics, clinical parameters and nutritional components found five factors independently associated with NAFLD [African American Race P-value <0.001); Male gender P-value <0.001); Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) P-value <0.001); Caffeine intake (mg) P-value <0.001) and total plain water consumption (g) P-value ≤ 0.02)]. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows that caffeine intake is independently associated with a lower risk for NAFLD suggesting a potential protective effect. These data necessitate further research to elucidate the mechanism by which caffeine can protect against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Birerdinc
- Center for Liver Disease and Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
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Kawaguchi T, Taniguchi E, Itou M, Sakata M, Sumie S, Sata M. Insulin resistance and chronic liver disease. World J Hepatol 2011; 3:99-107. [PMID: 21731901 PMCID: PMC3124882 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v3.i5.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased insulin resistance is frequently associated with chronic liver disease and is a pathophysiological feature of hepatogenous diabetes. Distinctive factors including hepatic parenchymal cell damage, portal-systemic shunting and hepatitis C virus are responsible for the development of hepatogenous insulin resistance/diabetes. Although it remains unclear whether insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells is impaired as it is in type 2 diabetes, retinopathic and cardiovascular risk is low and major causes of death in cirrhotic patients with diabetes are liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hemoglobin A1c is an inaccurate marker for the assessment and management of hepatogenous diabetes. Moreover, exogenous insulin or sulfonylureas may be harmful because these agents may promote hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, pathogenesis, cause of death, assessment and therapeutic strategy for hepatogenous insulin resistance/diabetes differ from those for lifestyle-related type 2 diabetes. In this article, we review features of insulin resistance in relationship to chronic liver disease. We also discuss the impact of anti-diabetic agents on interferon treatment and hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kawaguchi
- Takumi Kawaguchi, Michio Sata, Department of Disease Information & Research, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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McAvoy NC, Hayes PC. Coffee intake linked to improved SVR in patients undergoing treatment for hepatitis C. Ann Gastroenterol 2011; 24:333-334. [PMID: 24713793 PMCID: PMC3959335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norma C. McAvoy
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK,
Correspondence to: Norma C. McAvoy, Department of Hepatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, e-mail:
| | - Peter C. Hayes
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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