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Jin Z, Huang G, Song Y, Liu C, Wang X, Zhao K. Catalytic activity nanozymes for microbial detection. Coord Chem Rev 2025; 534:216578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
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Zhou C, Wang Q, Cao H, Jiang J, Gao L. Nanozybiotics: Advancing Antimicrobial Strategies Through Biomimetic Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403362. [PMID: 38874860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens present significant global health challenges. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance exacerbates this issue, leading to a scenario where effective antibiotics are increasingly scarce. Traditional antibiotic development strategies are proving inadequate against the swift evolution of microbial resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial strategies with mechanisms distinct from those of existing antibiotics. Nanozybiotics, which are nanozyme-based antimicrobials, mimic the catalytic action of lysosomal enzymes in innate immune cells to kill infectious pathogens. This review reinforces the concept of nanozymes and provides a comprehensive summary of recent research advancements on potential antimicrobial candidates. Initially, nanozybiotics are categorized based on their activities, mimicking either oxidoreductase-like or hydrolase-like functions, thereby highlighting their superior mechanisms in combating antimicrobial resistance. The review then discusses the progress of nanozybiotics in treating bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, confirming their potential as novel antimicrobial candidates. The translational potential of nanozybiotic-based products, including hydrogels, nanorobots, sprays, bandages, masks, and protective clothing, is also considered. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of nanozybiotic-related products are explored, emphasizing the design and antimicrobial capabilities of nanozybiotics for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haolin Cao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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Ganguly U, Singh S, Bir A, Ghosh A, Chakrabarti SS, Saini RV, Saso L, Bisaglia M, Chakrabarti S. Alpha-synuclein interaction with mitochondria is the final mechanism of ferroptotic death induced by erastin in SH-SY5Y cells. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:217-228. [PMID: 38572725 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2336563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis has been characterized as a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death accompanied by an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid oxidation products along with typical morphological alterations in mitochondria. Ferroptosis is activated by diverse triggers and inhibited by ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1, apart from iron chelators and several antioxidants, and the process is implicated in multiple pathological conditions. There are, however, certain ambiguities about ferroptosis, especially regarding the final executioner of cell death subsequent to the accumulation of ROS. This study uses a typical inducer of ferroptosis such as erastin on SH-SY5Y cells, and shows clearly that ferroptotic death of cells is accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP content along with an accumulation of oxidative stress markers. All these are prevented by ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1. Additionally, cyclosporine A prevents mitochondrial alterations and cell death induced by erastin implying the crucial role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) activation in ferroptotic death. Furthermore, an accumulation of α-synuclein occurs during erastin induced ferroptosis which can be inhibited by ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1. When the knock-down of α-synuclein expression is performed by specific siRNA treatment of SH-SY5Y cells, the mitochondrial impairment and ferroptotic death of the cells induced by erastin are markedly prevented. Thus, α-synuclein through the involvement of mPTP appears to be the key executioner protein of ferroptosis induced by erastin, but it needs to be verified if it is a generalized mechanism of ferroptosis by using other inducers and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University (Deemed to be), Ambala, India
| | - Sukhpal Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University (Deemed to be), Ambala, India
| | - Aritri Bir
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr B. C. Roy Multi-Speciality Medical Research Centre, IIT Kharagpur, India
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr B. C. Roy Multi-Speciality Medical Research Centre, IIT Kharagpur, India
| | - Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Reena V Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar University (Deemed to be), Ambala, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar University (Deemed to be), Ambala, India
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Dehkordi HT, Ghasemi S. Glutathione Therapy in Diseases: Challenges and Potential Solutions for Therapeutic Advancement. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1219-1230. [PMID: 37594114 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230818142831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
An endogenous antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), is found at high concentrations in nearly all typical cells. GSH synthesis is a controlled process, and any disruption in the process of GSH synthesis could result in GSH depletion. Cellular oxidative damage results from GSH depletion. Various pathological conditions such as aging, cardiovascular disease (CVD), psychiatric disorders, neurological disorders, liver disorders, and diabetes mellitus are more affected by this stress. There are various reasons for GSH reduction, but replenishing it can help to improve this condition. However, there are challenges in this field. Low bioavailability and poor stability of GSH limit its delivery to tissues, mainly brain tissue. Today, new approaches are used for the optimal amount and efficiency of drugs and alternative substances such as GSH. The use of nano-materials and liposomes are effective methods for improving the treatment effects of GSH. The difficulties of GSH decrease and its connection to the most important associated disorders are reviewed for the first time in this essay. The other major concerns are the molecular mechanisms involved in them; the impact of treatment with replacement GSH; the signaling pathways impacted; and the issues with alternative therapies. The utilization of nano-materials and liposomes as potential new approaches to solving these issues is being considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tahmasebi Dehkordi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Poudel-Tandukar K, Bertone-Johnson ER, Poudel KC. Serum Selenium and Inflammation in Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:671-676. [PMID: 37427446 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection has been linked to selenium deficiency and chronic inflammation. Both selenium deficiency and inflammation have been associated with poor health outcomes among individuals with HIV. However, the role of serum selenium levels in inflammation has not been studied among individuals with HIV. We assessed the relationship of serum selenium levels to C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, in individuals with HIV in Kathmandu, Nepal. In this cross-sectional study, we measured the normal serum CRP and selenium levels of 233 individuals with HIV (109 women and 124 men) using the latex agglutination turbidimetric and atomic absorption methods, respectively. We used multiple linear regression analysis in examining the association of serum selenium levels with CRP adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical parameters, including antiretroviral therapy, CD4+ T cell count, chronic diseases, and body mass index. The geometric means of CRP and selenium levels were 1.43 mg/liter and 9.65 μg/dL, respectively. Overall, serum selenium levels were inversely associated with CRP levels (β for one unit change in log selenium; β = -1.01, p = .06). Mean CRP levels significantly decreased with increasing selenium across selenium tertiles (p for trend = .019). The mean serum CRP levels were 40.8% lower in the highest selenium tertile than in the lowest. Our study suggests that high serum selenium levels may reduce serum CRP levels in individuals with HIV, although a longitudinal study is warranted to establish causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Global Health, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Bertone-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Krishna C Poudel
- Institute for Global Health, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Liaskos M, Fark N, Ferrario P, Engelbert AK, Merz B, Hartmann B, Watzl B. First review on the selenium status in Germany covering the last 50 years and on the selenium content of selected food items. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:71-82. [PMID: 36083522 PMCID: PMC9899741 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selenium is important for human health. However, the selenium status and selenium intake of the German population has not been recorded in a representative study so far. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thus, literature from the last 50 years was screened in a systematic way and the results of various studies were pulled together to shed light on the selenium status of the German population. Moreover, the selenium content of selected food items that were either found on the German market or grown in Germany was researched and evaluated. RESULTS Of 3542 articles identified, 37 studies met the inclusion criteria. These 37 studies comprised a total of 8,010 healthy adults living in Germany with a weighted arithmetic mean of 82 μg/l selenium in plasma or serum. The results will form a basis for interpreting upcoming results from national food consumption surveys. Furthermore, 363 selenium values for 199 food items were identified out of 20 data sources-published or analysed between 2002 and 2019. An estimation of the selenium intake of the German population will be possible with this data in future nutrition surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Liaskos
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Nicole Fark
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paola Ferrario
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ann Katrin Engelbert
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernd Hartmann
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Fang F, Yuan Y, Jin M, Zhang Y, Zhu T, Luo J, Yang Z, Guo C, Jiao L, Yan X, Zhou Q. Alteration of Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Tissue Fatty Acid Profiles, and Lipid Metabolism of Mud Crab ( Scylla paramamosain) Juvenile in Response to Different Dietary Arachidonic Acid Levels. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:6038613. [PMID: 37346375 PMCID: PMC10281821 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6038613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
An eight-week feeding trail was carried out to investigate the impacts of different dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) supplementations on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, tissue fatty acid profiles, and lipid metabolism of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) juvenile. Six isonitrogenous (480 g kg-1 crude protein) and isolipidic (80 g kg-1 crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain 0.40, 2.50, 4.60, 8.90, 12.50, and 15.70 g ARA kg-1 (dry matter), respectively. Each experimental treatment included 24 mud crab juveniles (initial weight 11.29 ± 0.09 g) and was assigned to triplicate groups (n = 3). Crabs fed diets with 2.50, 4.60, and 8.90 g kg-1 ARA presented significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) than those fed the other diets. Based on two-slope broken-line and quadratic curve regression analysis of PWG against dietary ARA levels, optimal dietary ARA levels were determined to be 5.20 g kg-1 and 6.20 g kg-1, respectively. Crabs fed with 4.60 g kg-1 ARA diet showed the lowest activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in hemolymph among all treatments. In hemolymph and hepatopancreas, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) rose first and then dropped with the increase of dietary ARA levels, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed an opposite trend. Tissue fatty acid profiles reflected diets fatty acid compositions. The ARA contents in hepatopancreas and muscle significantly increased with the increase of dietary ARA levels. Furthermore, the areas of blasenzellen (B) cells and restzellen (R) cells were significantly downregulated with the increase of dietary ARA levels. Crabs fed with 0.40 g kg-1 ARA diet showed significantly higher gene expression levels of fatty acid synthase (fas) as well as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc) among all treatments. Relative gene expression levels of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgd) as well as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) have been significantly upregulated in 0.40 and 2.50 g kg-1 ARA groups. Relative gene expression level of fatty acid binding protein 1 (fabp1) significantly increased in 4.60, 8.90, 12.50, and 15.70 g kg-1 ARA groups. However, the gene expression levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (fabp4) as well as scavenger receptor class 2 (srb2) have not been influenced by dietary ARA levels. What is more, crabs fed diets with 4.60, 8.90, 12.50, and 15.70 g kg-1 ARA had a significantly higher expression level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1) than those fed diets with 0.40 and 2.50 g kg-1 ARA. In summary, optimum dietary ARA can promote growth, enhance antioxidant capacity, and improve health of mud crab juveniles. It also demonstrated that lipogenesis has been restrained with the increasing dietary ARA levels. These findings could provide theoretical guidance and reference for the lipid nutrition research as well as the development of the commercial diet in mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiaxiang Luo
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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In Vitro Reactivity of the Glucose Degradation Product 3,4-Dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) towards Abundant Components of the Human Blood Circulatory System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094557. [PMID: 35562948 PMCID: PMC9103577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
3,4-Dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) is a glucose degradation product present in processed foods and medicinal products. Additionally, its constant formation from 3-deoxyglucosone in plasma has been suggested. Due to its α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl moiety, 3,4-DGE is highly reactive and has shown harmful effects in vitro. Here, we investigated the impact of major components of the human blood circulatory system on 3,4-DGE in vitro. Under physiological conditions, plasma concentrations of human serum albumin (HSA) reacted efficiently with 3,4-DGE, resulting in only 8.5% of the initial 3,4-DGE concentration after seven hours (vs. 83.4% without HSA, p < 0.001). Thereby, accessible thiol groups were reduced from 0.121 to 0.064 mol/mol HSA, whereas ketoprofen binding and esterase-like activity of HSA were not affected. Plasma concentrations of glutathione (GSH) reacted immediately and completely with 3,4-DGE, leading to two stereoisomeric adducts. Plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) bound to 3,4-DGE to a lower extent, resulting in 62.6% 3,4-DGE after seven hours (vs. 82.2% in the control, p < 0.01). Immobilized human collagen type IV did not alter 3,4-DGE concentrations. The results indicated that particularly HSA, GSH, and IgG readily scavenge 3,4-DGE after its appearance in the blood stream, which may be associated with a reduced antioxidative and cytoprotective activity for the living cells and, thus, the human organism by blocking free thiol groups.
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Khalaf MM, Hassan SM, Sayed AM, Abo-Youssef AM. Ameliorate impacts of scopoletin against vancomycin-induced intoxication in rat model through modulation of Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 and IκBα-P65 NF-κB/P38 MAPK signaling pathways: Molecular study, molecular docking evidence and network pharmacology analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 102:108382. [PMID: 34848155 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is an indication for the damage of kidney-specific detoxification and excretion mechanisms by exogenous or endogenous toxicants. Exposure to vancomycin predominantly results in renal damage and losing the control of body homeostasis. Vancomycin-treated rats (200 mg/kg/once daily, for seven consecutive days, i.p.) revealed significant increase in serum pivotal kidney function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers. Histologically, vancomycin showed diffuse acute tubular necrosis, denudation of epithelium and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lining tubular epithelium in cortical portion. In the existing study, the conservative consequences of scopoletin against vancomycin nephrotoxicity was investigated centering on its capacity to alleviate oxidative strain and inflammation through streamlining nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2) like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling and prohibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway. With respect to vancomycin group, scopoletin pretreatment (50 mg/kg/once daily, i.p.) efficiently reduced kidney function, oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory mediators. Moreover, histological and immunohistochemical examination of scopoletin-treated group showed remarkable improvement in histological structure and reduced vancomycin-induced renal expression of iNOS, NF-κB and p38 MAPK. In addition, scopoletin downregulated (Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein1) Keap1, P38MAPK and NF-κB expression levels while upregulated renal expression levels of regulatory protein (IκBα), Nrf2 and HO-1. Furthermore, molecular docking and network approach were constructed to study the prospect interaction between scopoletin and the targeted proteins that streamline oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. The present investigations elucidated that scopoletin co-treatment with vancomycin may be a rational curative protocol for mitigation of vancomycin-induced renal intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Khalaf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Hassan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Martinez SS, Huang Y, Acuna L, Laverde E, Trujillo D, Barbieri MA, Tamargo J, Campa A, Baum MK. Role of Selenium in Viral Infections with a Major Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:280. [PMID: 35008706 PMCID: PMC8745607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have afflicted human health and despite great advancements in scientific knowledge and technologies, continue to affect our society today. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has put a spotlight on the need to review the evidence on the impact of nutritional strategies to maintain a healthy immune system, particularly in instances where there are limited therapeutic treatments. Selenium, an essential trace element in humans, has a long history of lowering the occurrence and severity of viral infections. Much of the benefits derived from selenium are due to its incorporation into selenocysteine, an important component of proteins known as selenoproteins. Viral infections are associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and may result in oxidative stress. Studies suggest that selenium deficiency alters immune response and viral infection by increasing oxidative stress and the rate of mutations in the viral genome, leading to an increase in pathogenicity and damage to the host. This review examines viral infections, including the novel SARS-CoV-2, in the context of selenium, in order to inform potential nutritional strategies to maintain a healthy immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sales Martinez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Yongjun Huang
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Leonardo Acuna
- College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (L.A.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Eduardo Laverde
- College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (L.A.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - David Trujillo
- College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (L.A.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Manuel A. Barbieri
- College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (L.A.); (E.L.); (D.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Javier Tamargo
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriana Campa
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Marianna K. Baum
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.S.M.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (A.C.)
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Charisis S, Ntanasi E, Stamelou M, Xiromerisiou G, Maraki M, Veskoukis AS, Yannakoulia M, Kosmidis MH, Anastasiou CA, Giagkou N, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou G, Sakka P, Kouretas D, Stefanis L, Scarmeas N. Plasma Glutathione and Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Probability. Mov Disord 2021; 37:200-205. [PMID: 34695238 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels is considered one of the earliest biochemical changes in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE The authors explored the potential role of plasma GSH as a risk/susceptibility biomarker for prodromal PD (pPD) by examining its longitudinal associations with pPD probability trajectories. METHODS A total of 405 community-dwelling participants (median age [interquartile range] = 73.2 [7.41] years) without clinical features of parkinsonism were followed for a mean (standard deviation) of 3.0 (0.9) years. RESULTS A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma GSH was associated with 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1%-0.7%; P = 0.017) less increase in pPD probability for 1 year of follow-up. Compared with participants in the lowest GSH tertile, participants in the highest GSH tertile had a 12.9% (95% CI, 22.4%-2.2%; P = 0.020) slower rate of increase of pPD probability for 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION Plasma GSH was associated with pPD probability trajectories; therefore, it might assist in the identification of individuals who are likely to reach the threshold for pPD diagnosis more rapidly. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis Charisis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Eva Ntanasi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Maraki
- Section of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Giagkou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Paraskevi Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Cheraghi Farmad H, Hosseinzadeh H, Mehri S. Protective effects of selenium on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1041-1049. [PMID: 34804421 PMCID: PMC8591759 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.55009.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Acrylamide (ACR), has wide uses in different industries. ACR induced several toxicities including neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The probable protective effects of selenium on ACR-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were studied for 11 days in 8 groups: 1. Control, 2. ACR (50 mg/kg, IP), 3-5. ACR+ selenium (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/kg, IP), 6. ACR+ the most effective dose of selenium (0.6 mg/kg, IP) three days after ACR administration, 7. ACR+ vitamin E (200 mg/kg IP, every other day) 8. Selenium (0.6 mg/kg IP). Finally, behavioral tests were done. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3 proteins in liver and cerebral cortex tissues were measured. Also, the amount of albumin, total protein, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) enzymes were determined in serum. Results: ACR caused the severe motor impairment, increased MDA level and decreased GSH content, enhanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 proteins in brain and liver tissues. Besides, the level of AST was elevated while the total serum protein and albumin levels were decreased. Administration of selenium (0.6 mg/kg) (from the first day of the experiment and the third day) significantly recovered locomotor disorders, increased GSH content, and reduced MDA level. Also, selenium decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 levels in brain and liver tissues. Conclusion: The oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways have important roles in neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of ACR. Selenium significantly reduced ACR-induced toxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Richards DA, Thomas MR, Szijj PA, Foote J, Chen Y, Nogueira JCF, Chudasama V, Stevens MM. Employing defined bioconjugates to generate chemically functionalised gold nanoparticles for in vitro diagnostic applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11921-11931. [PMID: 34190286 PMCID: PMC8280965 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel methods for introducing chemical and biological functionality to the surface of gold nanoparticles serve to increase the utility of this class of nanomaterials across a range of applications. To date, methods for functionalising gold surfaces have relied upon uncontrollable non-specific adsorption, bespoke chemical linkers, or non-generalisable protein-protein interactions. Herein we report a versatile method for introducing functionality to gold nanoparticles by exploiting the strong interaction between chemically functionalised bovine serum albumin (f-BSA) and citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We establish the generalisability of the method by introducing a variety of functionalities to gold nanoparticles using cheap, commercially available chemical linkers. The utility of this approach is further demonstrated through the conjugation of the monoclonal antibody Ontruzant to f-BSA-AuNPs using inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) click chemistry, a hitherto unexplored chemistry for AuNP-IgG conjugation. Finally, we show that the AuNP-Ontruzant particles generated via f-BSA-AuNPs have a greater affinity for their target in a lateral flow format when compared to conventional physisorption, highlighting the potential of this technology for producing sensitive diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Richards
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael R. Thomas
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonWC1E 6BT LondonUK
| | - Peter A. Szijj
- Department of Chemistry, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - James Foote
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yiyun Chen
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsStockholmSweden
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14
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Sun YJ, Cao QJ, Xu MY, Yang L, Wu YJ. Individual and combined hepatocytotoxicity of DDT and cadmium in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:270-279. [PMID: 33856234 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211007361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The organochlorine insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd) are widespread environmental pollutants. They are persistent in the environment and can accumulate in organisms. Although the individual toxicity of DDT and Cd has been well documented, their combined toxicity is still not clear. Since liver is their common target, in this study, the individual and combined toxicity of DDT and Cd in human liver carcinoma HepG2 and human normal liver THLE-3 cell lines were investigated. The results showed that DDT and Cd inhibited the viability of HepG2 and THLE-3 cells dose-dependently and altered lysosomal morphology and function. Intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels were induced by DDT and Cd treatment. The combined cytotoxicity of DDT and Cd was greater than their individual cytotoxicity, and the interaction between Cd and DDT was additive on the inhibition of cell viability and lysosomal function of HepG2 cells. The interaction was antagonistic on the inhibition of cell viability of THLE-3 cells. These results may facilitate the evaluation of the cumulative risk of pesticides and heavy metal residues in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Juan Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yuan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Singh S, Ghosh S, Pal VK, Munshi M, Shekar P, Narasimha Murthy DT, Mugesh G, Singh A. Antioxidant nanozyme counteracts HIV-1 by modulating intracellular redox potential. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13314. [PMID: 33793064 PMCID: PMC8103102 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulates the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) during infection. However, the application of this knowledge to develop therapeutic strategies remained unsuccessful due to the harmful consequences of manipulating cellular antioxidant systems. Here, we show that vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanosheets functionally mimic natural glutathione peroxidase activity to mitigate ROS associated with HIV‐1 infection without adversely affecting cellular physiology. Using genetic reporters of glutathione redox potential and hydrogen peroxide, we showed that V2O5 nanosheets catalyze ROS neutralization in HIV‐1‐infected cells and uniformly block viral reactivation and replication. Mechanistically, V2O5 nanosheets suppressed HIV‐1 by affecting the expression of pathways coordinating redox balance, virus transactivation (e.g., NF‐κB), inflammation, and apoptosis. Importantly, a combination of V2O5 nanosheets with a pharmacological inhibitor of NF‐κB (BAY11‐7082) abrogated reactivation of HIV‐1. Lastly, V2O5 nanosheets inhibit viral reactivation upon prostratin stimulation of latently infected CD4+ T cells from HIV‐infected patients receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Our data successfully revealed the usefulness of V2O5 nanosheets against HIV and suggested nanozymes as future platforms to develop interventions against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Virender Kumar Pal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - MohamedHusen Munshi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pooja Shekar
- Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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16
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Antioxidant-Based Therapies in Male Infertility: Do We Have Sufficient Evidence Supporting Their Effectiveness? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020220. [PMID: 33540782 PMCID: PMC7912982 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in various processes of human spermatozoa. Indeed, semen requires the intervention of ROS to accomplish different stages of its maturation. However, ROS overproduction is a well-documented phenomenon occurring in the semen of infertile males, potentially causing permanent oxidative damages to a vast number of biological molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids of biological membrane lipids), negatively affecting the functionality and vitality of spermatozoa. ROS overproduction may concomitantly occur to the excess generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), leading to oxidative/nitrosative stress and frequently encountered in various human pathologies. Under different conditions of male infertility, very frequently accompanied by morpho-functional anomalies in the sperm analysis, several studies have provided evidence for clear biochemical signs of damages to biomolecules caused by oxidative/nitrosative stress. In the last decades, various studies aimed to verify whether antioxidant-based therapies may be beneficial to treat male infertility have been carried out. This review analyzed the results of the studies published during the last ten years on the administration of low-molecular-weight antioxidants to treat male infertility in order to establish whether there is a sufficient number of data to justify antioxidant administration to infertile males. An analysis of the literature showed that only 30 clinical studies tested the effects of the administration of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (administered as a single antioxidant or as a combination of different antioxidants with the addition of vitamins and/or micronutrients) to infertile males. Of these studies, only 33.3% included pregnancy and/or live birth rates as an outcome measure to determine the effects of the therapy. Of these studies, only 4 were case–control studies, and only 2 of them found improvement of the pregnancy rate in the group of antioxidant-treated patients. Additionally, of the 30 studies considered in this review, only 43.3% were case–control studies, 66.7% enrolled a number of patients higher than 40, and 40% carried out the administration of a single antioxidant. Therefore, it appears that further studies are needed to clearly define the usefulness of antioxidant-based therapies to treat male infertility.
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17
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Charisis S, Ntanasi E, Yannakoulia M, Anastasiou CA, Kosmidis MH, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou G, Sakka P, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D, Scarmeas N. Plasma GSH levels and Alzheimer's disease. A prospective approach.: Results from the HELIAD study. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:274-282. [PMID: 33099001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential links between oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been reported in the existing literature. Biological markers of oxidative stress, such as the reduced form of glutathione (GSH), may have a potential role as predictive biomarkers for AD development. The aim of the present study was to explore the longitudinal associations between plasma GSH and the risk of developing AD or cognitive decline, in a sample of community-dwelling, non-demented older adults. METHODS Participants from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD) were included in the present prospective study. The sample used in the analyses consisted of 391 non-demented individuals over the age of 64 (mean age = 73.85 years; SD = 5.06), with available baseline GSH measurements and longitudinal follow-up. Plasma GSH was treated both as a continuous variable and as tertiles in our analyses. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for AD incidence as a function of baseline plasma GSH. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were deployed to explore the associations between baseline plasma GSH and the rate of change of performance scores on individual cognitive domains over time. Models were adjusted for age, years of education and sex. Supplementary exploratory models were also adjusted for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline, risk for malnutrition, physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. RESULTS A total of 24 incident AD cases occurred during a mean (SD) of 2.99 (0.92) years of follow-up. Individuals in the highest GSH tertile group (highest baseline plasma GSH values) had a 70.1% lower risk for development of AD, compared to those in the lowest one [HR = 0.299 (0.093-0.959); p = 0.042], and also demonstrated a slower rate of decline of their executive functioning over time (5.2% of a standard deviation less decline in the executive composite score for each additional year of follow-up; p = 0.028). The test for trend was also significant suggesting a potential dose-response relationship. CONCLUSION In the present study, higher baseline plasma GSH levels were associated with a decreased risk of developing AD and with a better preservation of executive functioning longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Charisis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - E Ntanasi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - M Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - C A Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - M H Kosmidis
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Dardiotis
- School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - G Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - P Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Athens, Greece
| | - A S Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Argonafton 1, 42132, Trikala, Greece
| | - D Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - N Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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18
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Cilliers K, Muller CJF. Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Trace Elements in the Brain. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:41-52. [PMID: 32239375 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Changes in the brain due to HIV include atrophy, hyperintensities, and diffusion changes. However, no research has focused on trace elements concentration changes in the brain due to HIV, as seen in other neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of several trace elements in the brains of individuals with and without HIV infection. Prior to formalin embalming, blood was drawn and tested in triplicate with Determine HIV-1/2 rapid tests and confirmed with a SD HIV Device 1/2 3.0 rapid HIV Kit. After embalming, tissue was sampled from the caudate nucleus and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine statistically significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). Fifteen HIV-positive and 14 HIV-negative male cadavers were included (mean age 44, range 22 to 61). Cadmium was marginally decreased, possibly due to malnutrition or utilization by the HIV nucleocapsid. Nickel was marginally increased, perhaps due to a reduced capability to remove metals from the body. In conclusion, this article provides the first information on trace element levels in the brains from HIV-infected individuals and postulates that cadmium and nickel may play a role in the pathophysiology of HAND. This information can contribute to finding a treatment for HAND, other than the use of antiretroviral drugs. Future studies should asses the levels of cadmium and nickel in a larger cohort of HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cilliers
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
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19
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Momeni HR, Eskandari N. Curcumin protects the testis against cadmium-induced histopathological damages and oxidative stress in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:653-661. [PMID: 31876186 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119895564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is an environmental pollutant which can induce the overproduction of free radicals while suppressing the antioxidant defense system. Curcumin is considered a free-radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of curcumin on serum antioxidant enzymes and histopathological changes in mice treated with cadmium. METHODS In this experimental study, adult mice were divided into four groups, namely, control, cadmium chloride (5 mg kg-1), curcumin (100 mg kg-1), and curcumin+cadmium chloride. The animals received curcumin 24 h prior to cadmium chloride injection. After 24 h, blood samples were collected and used to assess the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), total glutathione, total thiol, and hydrogen peroxide. Histopathological evaluation was also performed for testicular tissue. RESULTS Mice treated with cadmium showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, serum amounts of total glutathione and total thiol, and the diameter of seminiferous tubules compared to the control group. This pollutant also significantly (p < 0.001) increased serum levels of MDA and hydrogen peroxide and the lumen diameter of seminiferous tubules compared to the control group. In the curcumin+cadmium group, curcumin significantly (p < 0.001) reversed the adverse effects of cadmium, compared to the cadmium group. In addition, curcumin alone significantly (p < 0.001) increased serum glutathione peroxidase activity and thiol content compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Curcumin, as a potent antioxidant, could compensate the adverse effects of cadmium on lipid and protein peroxidation, potentiated serum antioxidant defense system, and ameliorated some morphometrical parameters in the testis of cadmium-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Momeni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - N Eskandari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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20
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Guillin OM, Vindry C, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L. Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092101. [PMID: 31487871 PMCID: PMC6769590 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are frequently produced during viral infections. Generation of these ROS can be both beneficial and detrimental for many cellular functions. When overwhelming the antioxidant defense system, the excess of ROS induces oxidative stress. Viral infections lead to diseases characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, with oxidative stress being one of their hallmarks. In many cases, ROS can, in turn, enhance viral replication leading to an amplification loop. Another important parameter for viral replication and pathogenicity is the nutritional status of the host. Viral infection simultaneously increases the demand for micronutrients and causes their loss, which leads to a deficiency that can be compensated by micronutrient supplementation. Among the nutrients implicated in viral infection, selenium (Se) has an important role in antioxidant defense, redox signaling and redox homeostasis. Most of biological activities of selenium is performed through its incorporation as a rare amino acid selenocysteine in the essential family of selenoproteins. Selenium deficiency, which is the main regulator of selenoprotein expression, has been associated with the pathogenicity of several viruses. In addition, several selenoprotein members, including glutathione peroxidases (GPX), thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD) seemed important in different models of viral replication. Finally, the formal identification of viral selenoproteins in the genome of molluscum contagiosum and fowlpox viruses demonstrated the importance of selenoproteins in viral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Guillin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Vindry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Théophile Ohlmann
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France.
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21
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Viana-Gomes D, Rosa F, Mello R, Paz G, Miranda H, Salerno V. Oxidative stress, muscle and liver cell damage in professional soccer players during a 2-game week schedule. Sci Sports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Marchioni M, Jouneau PH, Chevallet M, Michaud-Soret I, Deniaud A. Silver nanoparticle fate in mammals: Bridging in vitro and in vivo studies. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Wang X, Borges CA, Ning X, Rafi M, Zhang J, Park B, Takemiya K, Sterzo CL, Taylor WR, Riley L, Murthy N. A Trimethoprim Conjugate of Thiomaltose Has Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1729-1735. [PMID: 29660287 PMCID: PMC5966298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trimethoprim is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the world. However, its efficacy is frequently limited by its poor water solubility and dose limiting toxicity. Prodrug strategies based on conjugation of oligosaccharides to trimethoprim have great potential for increasing the solubility of trimethoprim and lowering its toxicity, but they have been challenging to develop due to the sensitivity of trimethoprim to chemical modifications, and the rapid degradation of oligosaccharides in serum. In this report, we present a trimethoprim conjugate of maltodextrin termed TM-TMP, which increased the water solubility of trimethoprim by over 100 times, was stable to serum enzymes, and was active against urinary tract infections in mice. TM-TMP is composed of thiomaltose conjugated to trimethoprim, via a self-immolative disulfide linkage, and releases 4'-OH-trimethoprim (TMP-OH) after disulfide cleavage, which is a known metabolic product of trimethoprim and is as potent as trimethoprim. TM-TMP also contains a new maltodextrin targeting ligand composed of thiomaltose, which is stable to hydrolysis by serum amylases and therefore has the metabolic stability needed for in vivo use. TM-TMP has the potential to significantly improve the treatment of a wide number of infections given its high water solubility and the widespread use of trimethoprim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Clarissa A. Borges
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xinghai Ning
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mohammad Rafi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingtuo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bora Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kiyoko Takemiya
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Carlo Lo Sterzo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - W. Robert Taylor
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cardiology Division, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, United States
| | - Lee Riley
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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24
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Wen L, Liu YF, Jiang C, Zeng SQ, Su Y, Wu WJ, Liu XY, Wang J, Liu Y, Su C, Li BX, Feng QS. Comparative Proteomic Profiling and Biomarker Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Based HIV/AIDS Syndromes. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29520099 PMCID: PMC5843661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the challenges in exploring lifelong therapy with little side effect for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases, there is increasing interest in developing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments based on specific TCM syndrome. However, there are few objective and biological evidences for classification and diagnosis of HIV/AIDS TCM syndromes to date. In this study, iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS coupled with bioinformatics were firstly employed for comparative proteomic profiling of top popular TCM syndromes of HIV/AIDS: accumulation of heat-toxicity (AHT) and Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney (YDSK). It was found that for the two TCM syndromes, the identified differential expressed proteins (DEPs) as well as their biological function distributions and participation in signaling pathways were significantly different, providing biological evidence for the classification of HIV/AIDS TCM syndromes. Furthermore, the TCM syndrome-specific DEPs were confirmed as biomarkers based on western blot analyses, including FN1, GPX3, KRT10 for AHT and RBP4, ApoE, KNG1 for YDSK. These biomarkers also biologically linked with the specific TCM syndrome closely. Thus the clinical and biological basis for differentiation and diagnosis of HIV/AIDs TCM syndromes were provided for the first time, providing more opportunities for stable exertion and better application of TCM efficacy and superiority in HIV/AIDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Ye-Fang Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Cen Jiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Shao-Qian Zeng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yue Su
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xi-Yang Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jian Wang
- TCM Center for AIDS Prevention and Treatment, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Liu
- TCM Center for AIDS Prevention and Treatment, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chen Su
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bai-Xue Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Quan-Sheng Feng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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25
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Yu LL, Yu HH, Liang XF, Li N, Wang X, Li FH, Wu XF, Zheng YH, Xue M, Liang XF. Dietary butylated hydroxytoluene improves lipid metabolism, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:220-229. [PMID: 29108969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 10-week growth trail was conducted to investigate the efficacy and tolerance of dietary butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) by evaluating inflammation, apoptosis and hepatic disease related to oxidative stress in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Four experimental diets were prepared with BHT supplement levels of 0 (B0), 150 (B150), 300 (B300) and 1500 (B1500) mg/kg, in which B150 was at the maximum recommended level established by European Union Regulation, and the B300 and B1500 levels were 2 and 10-fold of B150, respectively. Each diet was fed to 6 replicates with 30 largemouth bass (initial body weight, IBW = 6.20 ± 0.01 g) in each tank. The BHT inclusion level did not affect the specific growth rate, but fish in the B150 group showed the lowest feed conversion rate (P < 0.05). BHT inclusion significantly decreased the levels of plasma TC, TG, LDL, ALT and AKP, and increased the (HDL-C)/TC ratio (P < 0.05). Plasma MDA was significantly decreased in the B150 group and GSH-Px was extremely enhanced in each BHT inclusion group (P < 0.05). Hepatic T-AOC was significantly enhanced and O2- was significantly decreased in each BHT inclusion group compared to the B0 group (P < 0.05), as well as hepatic MDA was significantly decreased in B1500 group (P < 0.05). Dietary BHT inclusion down-regulated the hepatic mRNA levels of inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis related genes, including TNFα, TGF-β1, α-SMA, IL8, IL11β and caspase-9. Moreover, BHT could improve hepatic lipid metabolism via up-regulating the mRNA levels of APOA1, CYP7A1, CYP8B1, and down-regulating the mRNA levels of PPAR-γ and APOB. Histological examination of the liver morphology with H&E and Sirius Red staining showed that BHT inclusion decreased necrotic degenerative changes and collagen deposition in largemouth bass. An immunofluorescence examination revealed significantly decreased cleaved caspase-3 signals in the BHT groups. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that ROS induces hepatic cell apoptosis and fibrosis via the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by activating caspase-9 in the mitochondria and then initiates apoptosis by activating caspase-3. Consuming 2.32-23.80 mg/kg·bw/d (150-1500 mg/kg in diet) of BHT effectively improved the plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism, antioxidant response as well as reduced ROS production, protecting hepatic cells from injury. It is implied that even a 10-fold increase of the maximum level of BHT (150 mg/kg) is safe for the largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Yu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - H H Yu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - X F Liang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - N Li
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - X Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - F H Li
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry Senior Veterinary, 100107, China
| | - X F Wu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Y H Zheng
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - M Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - X F Liang
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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26
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Schuh AK, Sheybani B, Jortzik E, Niemann B, Wilhelm J, Boening A, Becker K. Redox status of patients before cardiac surgery. Redox Rep 2017; 23:83-93. [PMID: 29257712 PMCID: PMC6748699 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1418620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Redox regulation plays a crucial role in balancing the
cardiovascular system. In this prospective study we aimed to identify currently
unknown correlations valuable to cardiovascular research and patient
management. Methods: Blood samples from 500 patients were collected directly
before cardiosurgical interventions (Ethics Committee reference number 85/11).
Four central redox parameters were determined together with about 30 clinical,
anthropometric, and metabolic parameters. Results: Creatinine levels and pulmonary hypertension were
significant predictors of the total antioxidant status (TAOS) in the patients;
total glutathione levels were linked to C-peptide, and creatinine, gender, and
ventricular arrhythmia influenced nitrate/nitrite levels. Notably, significant
interactions were found between medication and redox parameters. Calcium channel
blockers (CCBs) were positive predictors of total glutathione levels, whereas
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and CCBs were negative predictors of
NOx levels. Age showed the highest correlation with the duration of the
intensive care stay, followed by NOx levels, creatinine, TAOS, and C-reactive
protein. Discussion: In this prospective study we determined multiple
correlations between redox markers and parameters linked to cardiovascular
diseases. The data point towards so far unknown interdependencies, particularly
between antihypertensive drugs and redox metabolism. A thorough follow-up to
these data has the potential to improve patient management. Abbreviations: A: absorption; ΔA: absorption difference; ABTS:
2,2′-azino-di(3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonate); ACE:
angiotensin-converting enzyme; AO: antioxidant; ARB: angiotensin receptor
blocker; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; CCB: calcium
channel blocker; CDC: coronary heart diseases; COPD: chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular diseases;
Cu-OOH: cumene hydroperoxide; D: dilution factor; DAN: 2,3-diaminonaphtalene;
DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DTNB:
5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate); ϵ: extinction coefficient;
EDRF: endothelium-derived relaxing factor; fc: final concentration; GPx:
glutathione peroxidases; (h)GR: (human) glutathione reductase; GSH: (reduced)
glutathione; GSSG: glutathione disulfide; GST: glutathione-S-transferase; Hb:
hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; Hk: hematocrit;
H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; ICS: intensive care stay;
LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; MI: myocardial
infarction; NED: N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylendiamine-dihydrochloride;
NOS: nitric oxide synthase; NOx: nitrate/nitrite; NR: nitrate reductase; PBS:
phosphate buffered saline; PCA: principle component analysis; PH: pulmonary
hypertension; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; RT:
room temperature (25°C); SA: sulfanilamide; SOD: superoxide dismutase; SSA:
sulfosalicylic acid; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TAOS: total antioxidant
status; TEAC: trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity; TG: triglycerides; tGSH:
total glutathione; TNB-: 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate; U: unit; UV: ultraviolet; VA:
volume activity; Wc: working concentration; WHR: waist-hip ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katharina Schuh
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Babak Sheybani
- b Clinic for Heart, Pediatric Heart and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , UKGM , Giessen , Germany
| | - Esther Jortzik
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Bernd Niemann
- b Clinic for Heart, Pediatric Heart and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , UKGM , Giessen , Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- c Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Andreas Boening
- b Clinic for Heart, Pediatric Heart and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , UKGM , Giessen , Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center , Justus Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
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27
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Ansar S, Alshehri SM, Abudawood M, Hamed SS, Ahamad T. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective role of selenium against silver nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7789-7797. [PMID: 29123393 PMCID: PMC5661492 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted the most interest in terms of their potential biomedical and industrial applications. However, these nanoparticles have shown their toxic behavior toward environment, living tissues, and organisms. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, is necessary for various metabolic processes, including protection against oxidative stress and immune function. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Se against AgNP-induced hepatic oxidative stress. AgNPs were synthesized and then prepared nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Rats were administered AgNPs intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg/day) and Se (0.2 mg/kg) was given by gavage. AgNP administration induced hepatic damage as indicated by the serum marker enzymes with reduction in levels of glutathione, and decrease in activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-peroxidase (P<0.05). Decrease in levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and increase in level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was also observed in AgNP-treated group compared to control group. However, Se markedly attenuated AgNP-induced biochemical alterations, levels of TAC, CRP, and serum transaminases (AST, ALT) (P<0.05). Taken together, these findings suggest that administration of AgNPs produces hepatotoxicity in rats, whereas Se supplementation attenuates these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Ansar
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherifa S Hamed
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Moharram Bey, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gęgotek A, Bielawska K, Biernacki M, Dobrzyńska I, Skrzydlewska E. Time-dependent effect of rutin on skin fibroblasts membrane disruption following UV radiation. Redox Biol 2017; 12:733-744. [PMID: 28412651 PMCID: PMC5393167 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of the skin to solar UV radiation induces a number of biological alterations, including a redox imbalance; therefore, there is an urgent need for skin cells protective compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of natural, previously extensively examined, polyphenol with antioxidant properties - rutin, on UV-induced skin fibroblasts membrane disruption. Accordingly, fibroblasts exposed to UVA and UVB irradiation were incubated with rutin (12h before and/or up to 24h after irradiation), and the structural and metabolic changes were examined. Rutin penetration through the fibroblast phospholipid bilayer was aided by UVA-induced bilitranslocase activity 2-4h after irradiation, while UVB irradiation led to enhanced phospholipid peroxidation and higher membrane permeability to facilitate the interaction of rutin with phospholipids. Lipidomic analysis revealed that 4h of rutin treatment also partially prevented UVA/B-induced increase in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine level, as well as their membrane localization, which resulted in an enhanced zeta potential in the cells and liposomes. Moreover, rutin 2h following irradiation, in a various degree, prevented the increased in phospholipase A2 activity and ROS generation, and partially protected against the reduction of arachidonic and linoleic acids level and the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal level increase. Rutin effectively prevented against decrease in glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and vitamins E and C activities/levels, particularly 2h following UVA irradiation. In conclusion, highest skin fibroblasts membrane level of rutin occurred in 2-4h following UVA/B-radiation results in its strongest effect on biomembrane structure and functions and cellular antioxidant system irrespective of the radiation type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bielawska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Biernacki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Dobrzyńska
- Department of Electrochemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Bloomfield GS, Alenezi F, Barasa FA, Lumsden R, Mayosi BM, Velazquez EJ. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Heart Failure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2016; 3:579-90. [PMID: 26251085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Successful combination therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has transformed this disease from a short-lived infection with high mortality to a chronic disease associated with increasing life expectancy. This is true for high- as well as low- and middle-income countries. As a result of this increased life expectancy, people living with HIV are now at risk of developing other chronic diseases associated with aging. Heart failure has been common among people living with HIV in the eras of pre- and post- availability of antiretroviral therapy; however, our current understanding of the pathogenesis and approaches to management have not been systematically addressed. HIV may cause heart failure through direct (e.g., viral replication, mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiac autoimmunity, autonomic dysfunction) and indirect (e.g., opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapy, alcohol abuse, micronutrient deficiency, tobacco use) pathways. In low- and middle-income countries, 2 large observational studies have recently reported clinical characteristics and outcomes in these patients. HIV-associated heart failure remains a common cardiac diagnosis in people living with heart failure, yet a unifying set of diagnostic criteria is lacking. Treatment patterns for heart failure fall short of society guidelines. Although there may be promise in cardiac glycosides for treating heart failure in people living with HIV, clinical studies are needed to validate in vitro findings. Owing to the burden of HIV in low- and middle-income countries and the concurrent rise of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, strategic and concerted efforts in this area are likely to impact the care of people living with HIV around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Bloomfield
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Fawaz Alenezi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Felix A Barasa
- Division of Medicine, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Rebecca Lumsden
- School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Bongani M Mayosi
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Watanabe LM, Barbosa Júnior F, Jordão AA, Navarro AM. Influence of HIV infection and the use of antiretroviral therapy on selenium and selenomethionine concentrations and antioxidant protection. Nutrition 2016; 32:1238-42. [PMID: 27255831 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use are associated with oxidative stress, concentrations of selenium and selenomethionine, and antioxidant protection. METHODS Individuals were classified as HIV negatives: control group (CG; n = 40); HIV positives: group 1 (G1; taking ART for >5 y, n = 40) and group 2 (G2; taking ART for <5 y, n = 40). Plasma and erythrocyte selenium, selenomethionine, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. RESULTS Selenium deficiency (plasma selenium 45 μg/L) was not observed in any of the participants, and plasma selenium in CG (69.4 μg/L) was lower than in G1 and G2 (88.4 and 72.5 μg/L, respectively). G1 and G2 showed higher concentrations of MDA and GPX and lower concentration of GSH than CG. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated an association of MDA, GPX, and GSH with HIV status. CG participants showed higher concentrations of selenomethionine than G1 and G2 individuals and we observed a significant negative correlation between the concentration of selenomethionine and the use of ART. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged ART use seems to increase the selenium in plasma, but influences the reduction of selenomethionine. HIV infection was associated with increased oxidative stress and appears to affect in protective activity of GPX. Finally, more studies are required to further address the importance of selenium and selenometabolites in the pathogenesis of infection and metabolism of HIV-positive individuals in prolonged use of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Moriguchi Watanabe
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alceu Afonso Jordão
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FCFRP/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Marliere Navarro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FCFRP/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Causes of HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Tale of Two Worlds. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8196560. [PMID: 26885518 PMCID: PMC4739004 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8196560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed the clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from an acute infection with a high mortality into a treatable, chronic disease. As a result, the clinical sequelae of HIV infection are changing as patients live longer. HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (HIVAC) is a stage IV, HIV-defining illness and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals despite ART. Causes and clinical manifestations of HIVAC depend on the degree of host immunosuppression. Myocarditis from direct HIV toxicity, opportunistic infections, and nutritional deficiencies are implicated in causing HIVAC when HIV viral replication is unchecked, whereas cardiac autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and ART cardiotoxicity contribute to HIVAC in individuals with suppressed viral loads. The initiation of ART has dramatically changed the clinical manifestation of HIVAC in high income countries from one of severe, left ventricular systolic dysfunction to a pattern of subclinical cardiac dysfunction characterized by abnormal diastolic function and strain. In low and middle income countries, however, HIVAC is the most common HIV-associated cardiovascular disease. Clear diagnostic and treatment guidelines for HIVAC are currently lacking but should be prioritized given the global burden of HIVAC.
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Hileman CO, Dirajlal-Fargo S, Lam SK, Kumar J, Lacher C, Combs GF, McComsey GA. Plasma Selenium Concentrations Are Sufficient and Associated with Protease Inhibitor Use in Treated HIV-Infected Adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:2293-9. [PMID: 26269240 PMCID: PMC4580958 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.214577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is an essential constituent of selenoproteins, which play a substantial role in antioxidant defense and inflammatory cascades. Selenium deficiency is associated with disease states characterized by inflammation, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although HIV infection has been associated with low selenium, the role of selenium status in HIV-related CVD is unclear. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess associations between plasma selenium and markers of inflammation, immune activation, and subclinical vascular disease in HIV-infected adults on contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to determine if statin therapy modifies selenium status. METHODS In the Stopping Atherosclerosis and Treating Unhealthy bone with RosuvastatiN trial, HIV-infected adults on stable ART were randomly assigned 1:1 to rosuvastatin or placebo. Plasma selenium concentrations were determined at entry, week 24, and week 48. Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses were used to assess relations between baseline selenium, HIV-related factors and markers of inflammation, immune activation, and subclinical vascular disease. Changes in selenium over 24 and 48 wk were compared between groups. RESULTS One hundred forty-seven HIV-infected adults were included. All participants were on ART. Median current CD4+ count was 613, and 76% had HIV-1 RNA ≤48 copies/mL (range: <20-600). Median plasma selenium concentration was 122 μg/L (range: 62-200). At baseline, higher selenium was associated with protease inhibitor (PI) use, lower body mass index, and a higher proportion of activated CD8+ T cells (CD8+CD38+human leukocyte antigen-DR+), but not markers of inflammation or subclinical vascular disease. Over 48 wk, selenium concentrations increased in the statin group (P < 0.01 within group), but the change did not differ between groups (+13.1 vs. +5.3 μg/L; P = 0.14 between groups). CONCLUSIONS Plasma selenium concentrations were within the normal range for the background population and were not associated with subclinical vascular disease in HIV-infected adults on contemporary ART. The association between current PI use and higher selenium may have implications for ART allocation, especially in resource-limited countries. Also, it appears that statin therapy may increase selenium concentrations; however, larger studies are necessary to confirm this finding. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01218802.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrilynn O Hileman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH;,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH;,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Suet Kam Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Jessica Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Craig Lacher
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Gerald F Combs
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Grace A McComsey
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH; and
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Kim JS, Kwon WY, Suh GJ, Kim KS, Jung YS, Kim SH, Lee SE. Plasma glutathione reductase activity and prognosis of septic shock. J Surg Res 2015; 200:298-307. [PMID: 26316444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to investigate whether plasma glutathione reductase (GR) activity is well correlated with the erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio and is associated with the mortality of septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats and patients admitted to the intensive care unit with septic shock. To induce endotoxemia in rats, vehicle or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at dosages of 5 or 10 mg/kg were injected into a tail vein. Animals were then euthanized 6 h post-LPS. Based on the 28-d mortality, the enrolled patients were divided into the survivors and nonsurvivors. We obtained blood samples from patients at admission (0 h) and 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit. RESULTS In endotoxemic rats, the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio, erythrocyte GR activity, and plasma GR activity in the 10 mg/kg of LPS group were lower than those in the sham and 5 mg/kg of LPS groups. In patients with septic shock, decrease in plasma GR activity at 24 h was independently associated with an increase in 28-d mortality (odds ratio, 0.828; 95% confidence interval, 0.690-0.992, P = 0.041). Plasma GR activity was correlated with erythrocyte GR activity (Spearman ρ = 0.549, P < 0.001) and the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio (rho = 0.367, P = 0.009) at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Plasma GR activity was well correlated with erythrocyte GR activity and the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio, and a decrease in plasma GR activity was associated with an increase in the mortality of septic shock patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seong Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woon Yong Kwon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Gil Joon Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Eun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Incheon Sarang Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Ma W, Jing L, Valladares A, Mehta SL, Wang Z, Li PA, Bang JJ. Silver nanoparticle exposure induced mitochondrial stress, caspase-3 activation and cell death: amelioration by sodium selenite. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:860-7. [PMID: 26157341 PMCID: PMC4495404 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), one of the most commonly used engineered nanomaterial for biomedical and industrial applications, has shown a toxic potential to our ecosystems and humans. In this study, murine hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells were used to delineate subcellular responses and mechanisms to AgNP by assessing the response levels of caspase-3, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential in addition to cell viability testing. Selenium, an essential trace element that has been known to carry protecting property from heavy metals, was tested for its ameliorating potential in the cells exposed to AgNP. Results showed that AgNP reduced cell viability. The toxicity was associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increased accumulation of ROS, elevated mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and caspase-3 activation. Treatment with sodium selenite reduced cell death, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate, and prevented accumulation of ROS and activation of caspase-3. It is concluded that AgNP induces mitochondrial stress and treatment with selenite is capable of preventing the adverse effects of AgNP on the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrui Ma
- 1. Department of Comprehensive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China ; 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li Jing
- 2. Department of Pathology, College of Basic Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China ; 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Valladares
- 3. Department of Environmental, Earth and Geospatial Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. ; 5. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - P Andy Li
- 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John J Bang
- 3. Department of Environmental, Earth and Geospatial Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. ; 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Muzembo BA, Deguchi Y, Ngatu NR, Eitoku M, Hirota R, Suganuma N. Selenium and exposure to fibrogenic mineral dust: a mini-review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 77:16-24. [PMID: 25615721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals exposed to fibrogenic mineral dust may exhibit an impaired antioxidant system and produce high levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through immune cells, contributing to the perturbation of immune cell function, inflammation, fibrosis and lung cancer. The lung diseases which are caused by inhalation of fibrogenic mineral dust, known as pneumoconioses, develop progressively and irreversibly over decades. At the moment there is no known cure. The trace element selenium has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties mediated mainly through selenoproteins. Research has demonstrated that selenium has the ability to protect against cardiovascular diseases; to kill cancer cells in vitro and reduce cancer incidence; and to immunomodulate various cellular signaling pathways. For these reasons, selenium has been proposed as a promising therapeutic agent in oxidative stress associated pathology that in theory would be beneficial for the prevention or treatment of pneumoconioses such as silicosis, asbestosis, and coal worker's pneumoconiosis. However, studies regarding selenium and occupational lung diseases are rare. The purpose of this study is to conduct a mini-review regarding the relationship between selenium and exposure to fibrogenic mineral dust with emphasis on epidemiological studies. We carried out a systematic literature search of English published studies on selenium and exposure to fibrogenic mineral dust. We found four epidemiological studies. Reviewed studies show that selenium is lower in individuals exposed to fibrogenic mineral dust. However, three out of the four reviewed studies could not confirm cause-and-effect relationships between low selenium status and exposure to fibrogenic mineral dust. This mini-review underscores the need for large follow-up and mechanistic studies for selenium to further elucidate its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilua Andre Muzembo
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoji Deguchi
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Nlandu Roger Ngatu
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Disaster Graduate School of Health and Nursing Sciences, Disaster Nursing Global Leader program (DNGL), University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hirota
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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Quadruple burden of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, chronic intestinal parasitoses, and multiple micronutrient deficiency in ethiopia: a summary of available findings. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:598605. [PMID: 25767808 PMCID: PMC4342072 DOI: 10.1155/2015/598605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), and helminthic infections are among the commonest public health problems in the sub-Saharan African countries like Ethiopia. Multiple micronutrient deficiencies also known as the “hidden hunger” are common in people living in these countries either playing a role in their pathogenesis or as consequences. This results in a vicious cycle of multiple micronutrient deficiencies and infection/disease progression. As infection is profoundly associated with nutritional status resulting from decreased nutrient intake, decreased nutrient absorption, and nutrient losses, micronutrient deficiencies affect immune system and impact infection and diseases progression. As a result, micronutrients, immunity, and infection are interrelated. The goal of this review is therefore to provide a summary of available findings regarding the “quadruple burden trouble” of HIV, TB, intestinal parasitic infections, and multiple micronutrient deficiencies to describe immune-modulating effects related to disorders.
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Steinbrenner H, Al-Quraishy S, Dkhil MA, Wunderlich F, Sies H. Dietary selenium in adjuvant therapy of viral and bacterial infections. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:73-82. [PMID: 25593145 PMCID: PMC4288282 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral and bacterial infections are often associated with deficiencies in macronutrients and micronutrients, including the essential trace element selenium. In selenium deficiency, benign strains of Coxsackie and influenza viruses can mutate to highly pathogenic strains. Dietary supplementation to provide adequate or supranutritional selenium supply has been proposed to confer health benefits for patients suffering from some viral diseases, most notably with respect to HIV and influenza A virus (IAV) infections. In addition, selenium-containing multimicronutrient supplements improved several clinical and lifestyle variables in patients coinfected with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Selenium status may affect the function of cells of both adaptive and innate immunity. Supranutritional selenium promotes proliferation and favors differentiation of naive CD4-positive T lymphocytes toward T helper 1 cells, thus supporting the acute cellular immune response, whereas excessive activation of the immune system and ensuing host tissue damage are counteracted through directing macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. This review provides an up-to-date overview on selenium in infectious diseases caused by viruses (e.g., HIV, IAV, hepatitis C virus, poliovirus, West Nile virus) and bacteria (e.g., M. tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori). Data from epidemiologic studies and intervention trials, with selenium alone or in combination with other micronutrients, and animal experiments are discussed against the background of dietary selenium requirements to alter immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Frank Wunderlich
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I and Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and
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Maimaitiyiming D, Hu G, Aikemu A, Hui SW, Zhang X. The treatment of Uygur medicine Dracocephalum moldavica L on chronic mountain sickness rat model. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:477-82. [PMID: 25422549 PMCID: PMC4239726 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.141817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Dracocephalum moldavica L, a traditional Uygur medicine, possesses some key cardiac activities. However, till date, no reports are available on the use of D. moldavica against chronic mountain sickness (CMS), which is a medical condition that affects the residents of high altitude. The present study was designed to explore the treatment efficacy of D. moldavica on CMS. Materials and Methods: 80 of the 100 Sprague Dawley rats enrolled were bred in simulated high altitude environment and the remaining 20 rats were kept in the plains. Water and alcohol extracts of D. moldavica were prepared. CMS rat model was prepared, and the rat hearts were removed for histopathological analysis. Blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical analyses. Rat pulmonary artery pressure was determined to study the treatment efficacy. Results: In the CMS model group, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were found to be significantly higher than the control group; while the concentrations of SOD and GSH-Px decreased. D. moldavica could improve these levels, decrease pulmonary artery pressure, and improve the cardiac pathological state. Conclusions: The study results show that IL-6, CRP, MDA, SOD and GSH-Px participate and mediate the formation of CMS and D. moldavica is found to possess noticeable effects on CMS. The present study explored the basics of high altitude sickness and laid the foundation for further progress of Uygur medicines on the treatment of altitude sickness. Further preclinical and clinical studies with more sample size are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilinuer Maimaitiyiming
- Department of Cardiology, The first Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guangmei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The first Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ainiwaer Aikemu
- Department of Drug Analysis, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shi Wen Hui
- Department of Animal Experiment, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The first Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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Shivakoti R, Gupte N, Yang WT, Mwelase N, Kanyama C, Tang AM, Pillay S, Samaneka W, Riviere C, Berendes S, Lama JR, Cardoso SW, Sugandhavesa P, Semba RD, Christian P, Campbell TB, Gupta A. Pre-antiretroviral therapy serum selenium concentrations predict WHO stages 3, 4 or death but not virologic failure post-antiretroviral therapy. Nutrients 2014; 6:5061-78. [PMID: 25401501 PMCID: PMC4245580 DOI: 10.3390/nu6115061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A case-cohort study, within a multi-country trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy (Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource Limited Settings (PEARLS)), was conducted to determine if pre-ART serum selenium deficiency is independently associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression after ART initiation. Cases were HIV-1 infected adults with either clinical failure (incident World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3, 4 or death by 96 weeks) or virologic failure by 24 months. Risk factors for serum selenium deficiency (<85 μg/L) pre-ART and its association with outcomes were examined. Median serum selenium concentration was 82.04 μg/L (Interquartile range (IQR): 57.28-99.89) and serum selenium deficiency was 53%, varying widely by country from 0% to 100%. In multivariable models, risk factors for serum selenium deficiency were country, previous tuberculosis, anemia, and elevated C-reactive protein. Serum selenium deficiency was not associated with either clinical failure or virologic failure in multivariable models. However, relative to people in the third quartile (74.86-95.10 μg/L) of serum selenium, we observed increased hazards (adjusted hazards ratio (HR): 3.50; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.30-9.42) of clinical failure but not virologic failure for people in the highest quartile. If future studies confirm this relationship of high serum selenium with increased clinical failure, a cautious approach to selenium supplementation might be needed, especially in HIV-infected populations with sufficient or unknown levels of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Shivakoti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Nikhil Gupte
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Wei-Teng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Noluthando Mwelase
- Department of Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Cecilia Kanyama
- University of North Carolina Lilongwe, Lilongwe, Private Bag A-104, Malawi.
| | - Alice M Tang
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Sandy Pillay
- Durban International Clinical Research Site, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | - Wadzanai Samaneka
- University of Zimbabwe Clinical Research Centre, Harare 999, Zimbabwe.
| | | | - Sima Berendes
- International Public Health Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Javier R Lama
- Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Lima, 4, Peru.
| | - Sandra W Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | | | - Richard D Semba
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Parul Christian
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Thomas B Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Amita Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Assessment of antioxidants status and superoxide dismutase activity in HIV-infected children. Braz J Infect Dis 2014; 18:481-6. [PMID: 24780364 PMCID: PMC9428221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess the nutritional status of selenium, copper and zinc; and also the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity of HIV-infected children compared to a control group. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with prepubertal HIV-infected children (n = 51) and their healthy siblings (n = 32). All biochemical measurements including plasma selenium, serum copper levels, serum and erythrocyte zinc levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were evaluated according to dietary, clinical and biochemical parameters. Results Compared to the control group, the HIV-infected children had lower z-score values for height-for-age (p = 0.0006), higher prevalence of stunting (11.8%) (p = 0.047), lower selenium levels (p = 0.0006) and higher copper levels (p = 0.019). No difference was found concerning superoxide dismutase activity (p > 0.05). The HIV-infected group presented a higher proportion (45.1%) of children with zinc intakes below the estimated average requirement (p = 0.014); however, no association with zinc biochemical parameters was found. Conclusion HIV-infected children have an inadequate selenium and copper nutritional status, which could influence the progression to AIDS. An adequate micronutrient status could improve the clinical conditions in these patients and minimize free radical production and cellular oxidative stress.
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Pavlovski CJ. Efficacy of screening immune system function in at-risk newborns. Australas Med J 2014; 7:272-84. [PMID: 25157267 PMCID: PMC4127958 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2014.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the introduction of a screening test to highlight impaired immune system status for newborn infants and its efficacy as a preventative clinical measure. Moreover, it is suggested that screening of the infantile immune system has the potential to highlight susceptibility to a range of infant and childhood diseases, bestowing an opportunity to introduce early intervention to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Development of the neonatal immune system is an important health issue, implicated in many childhood problems such as allergies, infection, and autoimmunity. The neonate has a limited immune system and ability to combat bacteria. Depleted levels of the tripeptide reduced glutathione (GSH) have been linked to numerous conditions and its intracellular level is acknowledged as an indicator of immune system function. Introduction of an immune system screening programme for infants is formally reviewed and assessed. Several benefits are reported in the treatment of impaired immune systems, a trial screening programme is proposed for at-risk infants to gather further evidence as to its efficacy. Infants at risk of impaired immune system function include cystic fibrosis, premature infants, and low birth weight infants. The interventions include breastfeeding, milk banks, and appropriate formula to support the immune system.
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Pang X, Panee J. Roles of glutathione in antioxidant defense, inflammation, and neuron differentiation in the thalamus of HIV-1 transgenic rats. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:413-23. [PMID: 24609977 PMCID: PMC4868348 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain are major causes of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Previously we have reported high content of glutathione (GSH) in the thalamus of rats with F344 genetic background. In this study, we investigated the changes of GSH metabolism and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes in the rat thalamus in response to HIV-1 transgenesis, and their associations with oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal development. Male HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1Tg) rats and wild type F344 rats at 10 months were used in this study, with 5 rats in each group. Parameters measured in this study included: total and oxidized GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), cysteine/cystine transporters, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), interleukin 12 (IL12), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), microtubule-associated protein (MAP2), and glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The levels of total GSH, oxidized GSH (GSSG) and MAP2 protein, and enzymatic activities of GCS, GPx and GST were significantly higher in HIV-1Tg rats compared with F344 rats, but the ratio of GSSG/GSH, activity of GGT and levels of HNE, NeuN protein and GFAP protein did not change. HIV-1Tg rats showed a lower level of IL12 protein. GSH positively correlated with GCS, GST and MAP2, GSSG/GSH ratio positively correlated with HNE and IL12, the activities of GPx, GST and GCS positively correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with HNE. These findings suggest an important role of the GSH-centered system in reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and enhancing neuron differentiation in the thalamus of HIV-1Tg rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosha Pang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu HI 96813
| | - Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu HI 96813
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Samaras A, Tsarouhas K, Paschalidis E, Giamouzis G, Triposkiadis F, Tsitsimpikou C, Becker AT, Goutzourelas N, Kouretas D. Effect of a special carbohydrate-protein bar and tomato juice supplementation on oxidative stress markers and vascular endothelial dynamics in ultra-marathon runners. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:231-6. [PMID: 24705018 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that exercise induces excessive production of reactive species leading to oxidative stress, which has been implicated in oxidative damage of macromolecules, immune dysfunction, muscle damage and fatigue. The present study examined the effect of supplementation of ultra-marathon runners for a two-months-period with a special whey protein bar containing carbohydrates and protein in a specific ratio (1:1) (N=16), prepared using as starting material the by-products of cheese manufacturing, and supplementation with commercially available tomato juice (N=15). Thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances and protein carbonyls were significantly decreased in both supplementation groups, while a pronounced increased in reduced glutathione was observed in the protein bar group. Total anti-oxidant activity remained unchanged in both groups. Flow-mediated dilatation, used as an estimate of endothelial function, was increased in both groups, with a significant rise observed only in the tomato juice administration group. In conclusion, supplementation of ultra marathon runners for a two-months-period with a special protein bar and tomato juice significantly improved the oxidative status of the subjects, while tomato juice also improved vascular endothelial function in these athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Samaras
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Giannitsa, End of Semertzidi, Giannitsa 58100, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Tsarouhas
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Karditsa, End of Tayropos str, Karditsa 43100, Greece.
| | - Eleftherios Paschalidis
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Giannitsa, End of Semertzidi, Giannitsa 58100, Greece.
| | - Grigorios Giamouzis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo, Larissa 41110, Greece.
| | - Filippos Triposkiadis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo, Larissa 41110, Greece.
| | | | - Aphrodite Tousia Becker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, Larissa 41221, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, Larissa 41221, Greece.
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, Larissa 41221, Greece.
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de Menezes Barbosa EGM, Júnior FB, Machado AA, Navarro AM. A longer time of exposure to antiretroviral therapy improves selenium levels. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:248-51. [PMID: 24746975 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Selenium is an essential mineral for immunological function, performing crucial functions at the cellular level. This micronutrient has been determined to be frequently deficient in HIV infected patients, with correlations between reduced immunological function and greater susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of time of exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the biochemical profile of selenium in HIV-infected patients. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study on 50 HIV-positive men with different quantitations of viral load and CD4+ T cells, who were either receiving or not receiving ART. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to determine body composition, biochemical analysis of selenium and albumin, anthropometric measurements were performed. The subjects were divided into groups according to the use of ART or not: The Control Group (CG) was 10 treatment-naïve volunteers, Group G < 2 was 20 volunteers on ART for less than 2 years, and Group G > 2 was 20 volunteers on ART for >2 years. RESULTS The body mass index showed that all subjects were of normal weight. The group with a longer time of exposure to ART (G > 2) had undetectable viremia and a higher CD4+ T cell count: 593.1 ± 234.6 mm(3). Selenium values (μg/L) were 55.9 ± 11.9 for CG, 52.1 ± 10.5 for G < 2, and 66.9 ± 20.8 for G > 2, with a significant difference between groups G < 2 and G > 2 (p < 0.05), and only G > 2 showed normal selenium values. CONCLUSIONS Most of the men studied showed selenium deficiency, except for the subjects with a longer exposure to antiretroviral treatment. Thus, an adequate selenium concentration is related to better control of virology and of immunologic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FCFRP/USP, Brazil
| | - Alcyone Artioli Machado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Marliere Navarro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Brazil
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Cordero-Herrera I, Cuello S, Goya L, Madrid Y, Bravo L, Cámara C, Ramos S. Molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of selenocystine against methylmercury-induced cell death in human HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:554-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review considers the differential diagnosis, pathophysiology and risk of hepatotoxicity of specific antiretroviral medications. RECENT FINDINGS Currently prescribed antiretroviral medications are associated with an incidence of grade 3/4 liver enzyme elevation of less than 5%. Clinically apparent hepatotoxicity rates are much lower. The risk of adverse events with combination HIV and hepatitis C virus treatments is low, assuming that several nucleosides including didanosine and stavudine are avoided. SUMMARY Irrespective of the HIV antiretroviral regimen prescribed, careful observation of liver function and enzymes is advised, especially in those with comorbid liver disease. The majority of patients do not experience treatment-limiting liver toxicities, achieve virological suppression, and realize immunological restoration.
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47
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Redox balance and mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity in trained rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112:3839-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Rauf N, Tahir SS, Dilawar S, Ahmad I, Parvez S. Serum selenium concentration in liver cirrhotic patients suffering from hepatitis B and C in Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 145:144-50. [PMID: 21898107 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High rates of hepatitis B and C are present in Pakistan. Epidemiological surveys demonstrated an inverse association between selenium (Se) level and regional cancer incidence, as well as viral infection. In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, serum selenium concentration of 150 patients suffering from hepatitis B and C patients, along with 26 healthy controls, was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with hydride generation system. The mean and standard deviation of serum selenium concentration observed in male and female patients with hepatitis C were 101.60 ± 0.55 and 77.43 ± 0.47 μg/l, respectively, while the mean and standard deviation of serum selenium concentration observed in male and female patients with hepatitis B was 107.58 ± 0.44 and 137.8 ± 0.36 μg/l. Analysis of t test showed significant difference between hepatitis C and B (P < 0.001) patients in serum selenium concentration when compared with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Rauf
- Environmental Analytical Laboratory, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Khan MS, Dilawar S, Ali I, Rauf N. The possible role of selenium concentration in hepatitis B and C patients. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:106-10. [PMID: 22421715 PMCID: PMC3326970 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.93811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The compelling evidence reported that selenium is an essential trace mineral for human beings. Selenium plays a pivotal role in the restoration of immune functions. High rates of hepatitis B and C are present in Pakistan. Epidemiologic surveys demonstrated an inverse association between selenium (Se) level and regional cancer incidence, as well as viral infection. The present study was designed to evaluate the concentration of selenium in the serum of patients suffering from hepatitis B and C. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, serum selenium concentration of 150 patients suffering from hepatitis B and C, along with 26 healthy controls, was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with hydride generation system, model Analytic Jena (Vario III). RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of serum selenium concentration observed in male and female patients with hepatitis C were 101.60 ± 0.55 and 77.43 ± 0.47 μ g/L, respectively, whereas the mean and standard deviation of serum selenium concentration observed in male and female patients with hepatitis B were 107.58 ± 0.44 and 137.8 ± 0.36 μg/L. Analysis of t test showed significant difference between C and B (P<0.001) patients in serum selenium concentration, when compared with the control. CONCLUSION The obtained results indicate that serum selenium concentration of hepatitis B and C patients is less than serum selenium concentration of healthy individuals. However, serum selenium decline is relative to severity of disease. Based on findings of this study, it is proposed that selenium should be supplemented in such patients in order to optimize nutritional support and to get better treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bannu Medical College, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Bannu, Pakistan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Shoaib Khan, Department of Biochemistry, Bannu Medical College, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Bannu, Pakistan. E-mail:
| | - Shahnaz Dilawar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bannu Medical College, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Rauf
- National Physical Standard laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kendig EL, Chen Y, Krishan M, Johansson E, Schneider SN, Genter MB, Nebert DW, Shertzer HG. Lipid metabolism and body composition in Gclm(-/-) mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:338-48. [PMID: 21967773 PMCID: PMC3226854 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In humans and experimental animals, high fat diets (HFD) are associated with risk factors for metabolic diseases, such as excessive weight gain and adiposity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. Mice lacking the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene (Gclm(-/-)) and deficient in glutathione (GSH), are resistant to HFD-mediated weight gain. Herein, we evaluated Gclm-associated regulation of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and glucose and lipid homeostasis. C57BL/6J Gclm(-/-) mice and littermate wild-type (WT) controls received a normal diet or an HFD for 11 weeks. HFD-fed Gclm(-/-) mice did not display a decreased respiratory quotient, suggesting that they are unable to process lipid for metabolism. Although dietary energy consumption and intestinal lipid absorption were unchanged in Gclm(-/-) mice, feeding these mice an HFD did not produce excess body weight nor fat storage. Gclm(-/-) mice displayed higher basal metabolic rates resulting from higher activities of liver mitochondrial NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase, thus elevating respiration. Although Gclm(-/-) mice exhibited strong systemic and hepatic oxidative stress responses, HFD did not promote glucose intolerance or insulin resistance. Furthermore, HFD-fed Gclm(-/-) mice did not develop fatty liver, likely resulting from very low expression levels of genes encoding lipid metabolizing enzymes. We conclude that Gclm is involved in the regulation of basal metabolic rate and the metabolism of dietary lipid. Although Gclm(-/-) mice display a strong oxidative stress response, they are protected from HFD-induced excessive weight gain and adipose deposition, insulin resistance and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Kendig
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mansi Krishan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Elisabet Johansson
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Scott N. Schneider
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Daniel W. Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Howard G. Shertzer
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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