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Balali A, Fathzadeh K, Askari G, Sadeghi O. Dietary intake of tomato and lycopene, blood levels of lycopene, and risk of total and specific cancers in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Front Nutr 2025; 12:1516048. [PMID: 40013157 PMCID: PMC11860085 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1516048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The association between tomato/lycopene intake and blood levels of lycopene with the risk of specific cancers were assessed in previous meta-analyses; however, no study evaluated the risk of overall cancer incidence/mortality. Therefore, the present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis aimed to summarize available findings from prospective studies to examine the association between tomato/lycopene intake and lycopene levels with the risk of total and specific cancers and cancer-related mortality. Methods A comprehensive literature search was done using Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar until July 2023. Results In total, 121 prospective studies were included in the systematic review and 119 in the meta-analysis. During the follow-up period of 2-32 years, a total of 108,574 cancer cases and 10,375 deaths occurred. High intakes and high levels of lycopene compared to low amounts were, respectively, associated with 5% (Pooled RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, I2 = 26.4%, p = 0.002) and 11% (Pooled RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95, I2 = 15.0%, p < 0.001) reduction in overall cancer risk. Also, each 10 μg/dL increase in blood levels of lycopene was associated with a 5% lower risk of overall cancer. Moreover, we found a linear inverse association between dietary lycopene intake and prostate cancer risk (Pooled RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97-1.00, I2 = 0, p = 0.045). Regarding cancer mortality, negative relationships were found with total tomato intake (Pooled RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85-0.93, I2 = 65.7%, p < 0.001), lycopene intake (Pooled RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.81-0.86, I2 = 86.5%, p < 0.001) and lycopene levels (Pooled RR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98, I2 = 70.9%, p = 0.031). Also, an inverse association was observed between blood lycopene levels and lung cancer mortality (Pooled RR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.94, I2 = 0, p = 0.022). Conclusion Our findings show that dietary intake and blood levels of lycopene are associated with a lower risk of cancer and death due to cancer. Clinical trial registration CRD42023432400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Balali
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kimia Fathzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Ojobor CC, O'Brien GM, Siervo M, Ogbonnaya C, Brandt K. Carrot intake is consistently negatively associated with cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 65:1009-1021. [PMID: 38104588 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2287176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Carrots are main dietary sources of several potential anti-cancer compounds, including polyacetylenes, while β-carotene has shown no benefits in controlled cancer trials. Accordingly, associations between carrot intake and cancer incidence were quantified, where necessary using α-carotene as a non-causal biomarker of carrot consumption, by searching for studies published before June 2022 reporting risk estimates for relationships of cancer incidence with carrot intake or α-carotene intake or α-carotene plasma concentration, supplemented with hand searches of included studies and reviews. Meta-analyses comparing highest and lowest reported intakes in prospective studies using a random-effects model estimated summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), separately for carrot intake or α-carotene plasma concentration, and the corresponding dose-responses. Of 198 observational studies, in 50 prospective studies with 52000 cases recording carrot intake, the cancer-risk was substantially reduced (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.94, p ˂ 0·00004). In 30 prospective studies with 9331 cases reporting plasma α-carotene levels, summary RR was 0.80 (0.72-0.89, p ˂ 0·00006). For both exposure types, inter-study heterogeneity was moderate, interaction with cancer types insignificant, and the dose-response significant (p ˂ 0·01). In conclusion, carrot consumption is robustly associated with decreased cancer-risk; carrot consumption should be encouraged, and the causal mechanisms further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Ojobor
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gerard M O'Brien
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chibueze Ogbonnaya
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA Panel), Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst K, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Crous‐Bou M, Molloy A, Ciccolallo L, de Sesmaisons Lecarré A, Fabiani L, Horvath Z, Karavasiloglou N, Naska A. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for folate. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08353. [PMID: 37965303 PMCID: PMC10641704 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the revision of the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for folic acid/folate. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted to assess evidence on priority adverse health effects of excess intake of folate (including folic acid and the other authorised forms, (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid glucosamine and l-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid calcium salts), namely risk of cobalamin-dependent neuropathy, cognitive decline among people with low cobalamin status, and colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. The evidence is insufficient to conclude on a positive and causal relationship between the dietary intake of folate and impaired cognitive function, risk of colorectal and prostate cancer. The risk of progression of neurological symptoms in cobalamin-deficient patients is considered as the critical effect to establish an UL for folic acid. No new evidence has been published that could improve the characterisation of the dose-response between folic acid intake and resolution of megaloblastic anaemia in cobalamin-deficient individuals. The ULs for folic acid previously established by the Scientific Committee on Food are retained for all population groups, i.e. 1000 μg/day for adults, including pregnant and lactating women, 200 μg/day for children aged 1-3 years, 300 μg/day for 4-6 years, 400 μg/day for 7-10 years, 600 μg/day for 11-14 years and 800 μg/day for 15-17 years. A UL of 200 μg/day is established for infants aged 4-11 months. The ULs apply to the combined intake of folic acid, (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid glucosamine and l-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid calcium salts, under their authorised conditions of use. It is unlikely that the ULs for supplemental folate are exceeded in European populations, except for regular users of food supplements containing high doses of folic acid/5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid salts.
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Yu P, Yu L, Lu Y. Dietary consumption of cruciferous vegetables and bladder cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:944451. [PMID: 36061884 PMCID: PMC9434151 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.944451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivePrevious studies on the association of cruciferous vegetables intake with bladder cancer risk have reported inconsistent results. We performed the present meta-analysis to summarize evidence on this association and to quantify the potential dose-response relation based on all available cohort studies.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of relevant articles up to March 2022 was performed in PubMed and EMBASE. The summary risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals for the highest vs. the lowest intake of cruciferous vegetables were calculated. Dose-response meta-analysis was also performed for studies reporting categorical risk estimates for at least three quantitative levels of cruciferous vegetables intake.ResultsWe found that the highest cruciferous vegetables intake was not significantly associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer, compared with the lowest cruciferous vegetables intake category (RR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.80–1.06). Linear dose-response meta-analysis indicated that the pooled RRs for 10 g/day or 1 servings/week increment of cruciferous vegetables intake was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer (P = 0.106 and P = 0.147, respectively). There was no evidence of significant publication bias either with Begg’s test (P = 0.386) or Egger’s test (P = 0.253).ConclusionThe results of this study did not support the hypothesis that dietary cruciferous vegetables intake was associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer. Further large prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm our preliminary findings.
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Vegetable and fruit intake and the risk of bladder cancer: Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1647-1658. [PMID: 35241777 PMCID: PMC9130325 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetable and fruit consumption may have a protective effect against several types of cancer. However, evidence suggesting that increased intake of vegetables and fruits, their subtypes, or the antioxidant nutrients they contain in abundance decreases the risk of bladder cancer is limited. METHODS This study included 80,952 participants from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, who responded to a food frequency questionnaire in a 5-year follow-up survey in 1995-1998 and were followed up until December 2015 to investigate the associations between intake of vegetables and fruits, their subtypes, or the antioxidant nutrients and bladder cancer risk using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS Within 1,287,514 person-years of follow-up, 401 bladder cancer cases (307 men and 94 women) were diagnosed. No association was found between intake of total vegetable and fruit, total vegetable, total fruit, subtypes of vegetables and fruits, or antioxidant nutrients and bladder cancer risk in both men and women, even in the analyses conducted among men stratified by smoking status. CONCLUSIONS In this population, the consumption of vegetables and fruits was not associated with the risk of bladder cancer.
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Xenou D, Tzelves L, Terpos E, Stamatelopoulos K, Sergentanis TN, Psaltopoulou T. Consumption of Fruits, Vegetables and Bladder Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2003-2016. [PMID: 34726552 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1985146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between fruit/vegetable consumption and bladder cancer (BC) risk in a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies stratifying results by gender, smoking status and geographical region. Eligible studies were sought in MEDLINE and EMBASE up to April 20, 2020. Random-effects (DerSimonian-Laird) models were implemented for the calculation of pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Fifteen eligible studies were identified (1,993,881 subjects, 11,097 BC cases). Vegetable consumption (pooled RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87-1.04, n = 10) as well as combined fruit/vegetable consumption was not associated with BC risk. Regarding fruit intake, the overall protective trend did not reach significance (pooled RR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.81-1.02, n = 11); we found however a significant association in East Asians. A trend toward a protective association with citrus fruit consumption was also noted (pooled RR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.69-1.01, n = 6), once again with a significant effect in East Asians. Moreover, no association was found regarding the subgroups of leafy vegetables, dark green vegetables, and berries. Single studies pointed to a reduced BC risk in never smoking males consuming cruciferous vegetables and East Asians consuming yellow vegetables. In conclusion, our study reveals possible protective effects; larger studies are needed to investigate the emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Xenou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lazaros Tzelves
- 2nd Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Gu Y, Zeng J, Zou Y, Liu C, Fu H, Chang H. Folate Intake and Risk of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1593-1605. [PMID: 34472414 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1973518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between folate intake and the risk of urothelial carcinoma (UC). A systematic literature search using Pubmed and EMBASE databases was performed to find prospective cohort studies, population-based case-control study or hospital-based case-control study investigating the association of folate intake and the risk of UC. A total of 19 studies involving 11,175 cases and 656,161 individuals were included. High intake of folate was associated with a decreased risk of UC, with a pooled OR of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.66-0.93, P = 0.006) for the highest category of intake vs. the lowest. The data suggested that folate may contribute to the prevention of urothelial cancer. However, the association was observed only in case-control studies (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39-0.79, P = 0.001), but not in cohort studies (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.87-1.09, P = 0.638). Dose-response meta-analysis showed that an increment of folate intake (100 μg/day) corresponded to an 8% deceased risk of invasive UC (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.98, P = 0.004). High folate intake might be inversely associated with risk of UC particularly invasive UC, which needs to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Zou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Chang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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The Inhibitory Effect of Sulforaphane on Bladder Cancer Cell Depends on GSH Depletion-Induced by Nrf2 Translocation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164919. [PMID: 34443505 PMCID: PMC8399241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate (ITCs) derived from glucosinolate that is found in cruciferous vegetables, has been reported to exert a promising anticancer effect in a substantial amount of scientific research. However, epidemical studies showed inconsistencies between cruciferous vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk. In this study, human bladder cancer T24 cells were used as in vitro model for revealing the inhibitory effect and its potential mechanism of SFN on cell growth. Here, a low dose of SFN (2.5 µM) was shown to promote cell proliferation (5.18-11.84%) and migration in T24 cells, whilst high doses of SFN (>10 µM) inhibited cell growth significantly. The induction effect of SFN on nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) expression at both low (2.5 µM) and high dose (10 µM) was characterized by a bell-shaped curve. Nrf2 and glutathione (GSH) might be the underlying mechanism in the effect of SFN on T24 cell growth since Nrf2 siRNA and GSH-depleting agent L-Buthionine-sulfoximine abolished the effect of SFN on cell proliferation. In summary, the inhibitory effect of SFN on bladder cancer cell growth and migration is highly dependent on Nrf2-mediated GSH depletion and following production. These findings suggested that a higher dose of SFN is required for the prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.
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Xu X, Xie B, Li S, Wang S, Xia D, Meng H. Association of dietary tomato intake with bladder cancer risk in a prospective cohort of 101,683 individuals with 12.5 years of follow-up. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17629-17637. [PMID: 34244460 PMCID: PMC8312424 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have provided limited evidence for the effect of tomato intake on bladder cancer incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary tomato or lycopene consumption and bladder cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression model adjusting for confounders. After a median of 12.5 years of follow-up, 774 incident bladder cancer cases were identified. We found no statistically significant association between dietary intake of raw tomatoes and bladder cancer risk (Adjusted model: HRQ5 VS Q1 = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.95-1.52; P for trend = 0.243). Dietary intakes of tomato catsup, tomato salsa and tomato juice were also not associated with the risk of bladder cancer (all P for trend > 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between dietary consumption of lycopene and bladder cancer risk (Adjusted model: HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.04, 95% CI 0.82-1.33; P for trend = 0.590). In summary, analysis of the PLCO study suggested that dietary consumption of tomato or lycopene was not associated with the risk of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhou Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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Gauer B, Sauer E, Nascimento S, Göethel G, Peruzzi C, Flesch I, Fão N, Cestonaro L, Sant'Pierre T, Gioda A, Matte U, Brucker N, Garcia SC. Cellular response to chemicals present in air pollution in occupationally exposed workers and its potential cancer susceptibility. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127857. [PMID: 32854004 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of the chronic exposure to chemical agents from air pollution on phenotypic and genotypic expressions of peripheral biomarkers and tumor-related proteins in mononuclear cells. This study evaluates 85 taxi drivers (outdoor workers) and 55 non-occupationally exposed persons (NOE) to air pollution (indoor workers). The biomarkers were urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), for organic agents, and blood As and Ni, for inorganic agents. Oxidative stress biomarkers; protein expression of ICAM-1 (CD54), β2-integrin, L-selectin (CD62-L), and MCP1; gene expression of ICAM-1, p53 and CD26 were performed. Urinary 1-OHP and blood As and Ni levels were increased in taxi drivers and were associated with inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. These exposure biomarkers were also associated with each other, suggesting a common source of exposure. The gene expression of p53, CD26 and ICAM-1 were decreased in taxi drivers and were strongly associated between them, indicating a commom regulation point. The antioxidant non-protein thiols and lycopene were negatively associated with inflammatory biomarkers, maybe regulating the immune-response. We demonstrated, for the first time, that in occupational exposure to air pollution chemicals, oxidative and inflammatory processes are involved in the immune-regulatory process, and indirectly contribute to suppressing the p53 and CD26 expressions, increasing the risk of cancer development. On the other hand, antioxidants could contribute to improving the immune-regulation, but more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Gauer
- Laboratory of Toxicology, (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Sauer
- Laboratory of Toxicology, (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Nascimento
- Laboratory of Toxicology, (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratory of Toxicology, (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Peruzzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Flesch
- Laboratory of Toxicology, (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nuryan Fão
- Laboratory of Toxicology, (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cestonaro
- Laboratory of Toxicology, (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Sant'Pierre
- Chemistry Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Chemistry Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, (UFRGS), Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology, (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Edefonti V, La Vecchia C, Di Maso M, Crispo A, Polesel J, Libra M, Parpinel M, Serraino D, Ferraroni M, Bravi F. Association between Nutrient-Based Dietary Patterns and Bladder Cancer in Italy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061584. [PMID: 32481645 PMCID: PMC7353000 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited knowledge is available on dietary patterns and bladder cancer risk. We analyzed data from an Italian case-control study carried out between 2003 and 2014, including 690 incident bladder cancer cases and 665 hospital-controls. We derived nutrient-based dietary patterns applying principal component factor analysis on 28 selected nutrients. We categorized factor scores according to quartiles, and estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through logistic regression models, adjusted for major confounding factors. We identified four dietary patterns named "Animal products", "Vitamins and fiber", "Starch-rich", and "Animal unsaturated fatty acids". We found an inverse association between the "Vitamins and fiber" pattern and bladder cancer (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.48-0.99, IV versus I quartile category). Inverse relationships of borderline significance were also found for the "Animal products" and the "Animal unsaturated fatty acids" dietary patterns. No significant association was evident for the "Starch-rich" pattern. The current study allowed us to identify major dietary patterns in this Italian population. Our study confirms available evidence and shows that scoring high on a fruit-and-vegetables pattern provides beneficial effects on bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Edefonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.E.); (C.L.V.); (M.D.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.E.); (C.L.V.); (M.D.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Matteo Di Maso
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.E.); (C.L.V.); (M.D.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via F. Gallini, 2, 33080 Aviano, Italy; (J.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Massimo Libra
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology & Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, via Colugna, 50, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Diego Serraino
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via F. Gallini, 2, 33080 Aviano, Italy; (J.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.E.); (C.L.V.); (M.D.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.E.); (C.L.V.); (M.D.M.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5032074; Fax: +39-02-50320866
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Wu S, Liu Y, Michalek JE, Mesa RA, Parma DL, Rodriguez R, Mansour AM, Svatek R, Tucker TC, Ramirez AG. Carotenoid Intake and Circulating Carotenoids Are Inversely Associated with the Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:630-643. [PMID: 31800007 PMCID: PMC7231589 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence indicates that carotenoids may reduce the risk of bladder cancer (BC), but the association is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies investigating the relation between carotenoid intake or circulating carotenoid concentrations and BC risk in men and women. All relevant epidemiologic studies were identified by a search of PubMed and Scopus databases, and the Cochrane Library from inception to April 2019 with no restrictions. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled RRs and their 95% CIs across studies for high compared with low categories of intake or circulating concentrations. We also performed a dose-response meta-analysis using the Greenland and Longnecker method and random-effects models. A total of 22 studies involving 516,740 adults were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RRs of BC for the highest compared with the lowest category of carotenoid intake and circulating carotenoid concentrations were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.03) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.12, 1.07), respectively. The pooled RR of BC for the highest compared with lowest circulating lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.84). Dose-response analysis showed that BC risk decreased by 42% for every 1 mg increase in daily dietary β-cryptoxanthin intake (RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.94); by 76% for every 1 μmol/L increase in circulating concentration of α-carotene (RR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.67); by 27% for every 1 μmol/L increase in circulating concentration of β-carotene (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.94); and by 56% for every 1 μmol/L increase in circulating concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin (RR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.67). Dietary β-cryptoxanthin intake and circulating concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, and lutein and zeaxanthin were inversely associated with BC risk. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42019133240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Wu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Address correspondence to SW (E-mail: )
| | - Yanning Liu
- John B. Alexander High School, Laredo, TX, USA
| | - Joel E Michalek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center at University of Texas Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy Long Parma
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Institute for Health Promotion Research, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas C Tucker
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Amelie G Ramirez
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Institute for Health Promotion Research, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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13
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Bladder cancer: total antioxidant capacity and pharmacotherapy with vitamin-E. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1255-1260. [PMID: 32088809 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Free radicals play an important role in the different complex course of carcinogenesis. Higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species are highly associated with the presence of tumors. The urinary bladder organ is also a target for many carcinogens. The major objective of this investigation was to measure the role of redox state or total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and antioxidant functions of vitamin E in patients with low-grade papillary cancer of the bladder (BC). METHODS The blood sample was used for measurement of the T-AOC by the Trolox-TAC assay kit. Thirty-five patients with BC and thirty-five healthy subjects that matched for age were entered in this study. The obtained data were analyzed using the Statistical Package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS In healthy controls, the mean ± SD for T-AOC was 91.8 ± 16.6 (U/ml), that was significantly higher when compared to the mean value of 24.5 ± 28.9 (U/ml) in patients with BC (p = 0.00). The difference in concentration of T-AOC before and after prescription of vitamin E was encountered with a p value of 0.16. CONCLUSIONS By reference to the significant difference between T-AOC in patients and healthy controls, our results strongly suggest a low level of T-AOC in patients with BC. The obtained changes in T-AOC before and after management with vitamin E recommended additional consideration associates with different stages and grade of tumor in patients with BC.
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14
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Lin JH, Chen SJ, Liu H, Yan Y, Zheng JH. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 89:168-175. [PMID: 30806606 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin E has anti-cancer properties, which was demonstrated mainly due to its antioxidant effect. Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between vitamin E consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. However, the results were inconsistent. The meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the association of vitamin E consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search in the electronic databases, which included MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library till 1 January 2016. The pooled relative risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated depending on the heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's test and Egger's test. RESULTS A total of 11 prospective studies (3 randomized clinical trials and 8 cohort studies) including 575601 participants were identified to be eligible for our present meta-analysis. The pooled RRs with 95% CI for highest versus lowest vitamin E consumption was 0.89 (0.78-1.00). An inverse linear association between vitamin E consumption and bladder cancer risk was detected in the dose response analysis. The results were also stable in the subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Meanwhile, no obvious publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that vitamin E consumption was inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hai Lin
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shao-Jun Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jun-Hua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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15
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Abbaoui B, Lucas CR, Riedl KM, Clinton SK, Mortazavi A. Cruciferous Vegetables, Isothiocyanates, and Bladder Cancer Prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800079. [PMID: 30079608 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a significant health burden due to its high prevalence, risk of mortality, morbidity, and high cost of medical care. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that diets rich in cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli, are associated with lower bladder cancer risk. Phytochemicals in cruciferous vegetables, such as glucosinolates, which are enzymatically hydrolyzed to bioactive isothiocyanates, are possible mediators of an anticancer effect. In vitro studies have shown inhibition of bladder cancer cell lines, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis by these isothiocyanates, in particular sulforaphane and erucin. Although not yet completely understood, many mechanisms of anticancer activity at the steps of cancer initiation, promotion, and progression have been attributed to these isothiocyanates. They target multiple pathways including the adaptive stress response, phase I/II enzyme modulation, pro-growth, pro-survival, pro-inflammatory signaling, angiogenesis, and even epigenetic modulation. Multiple in vivo studies have shown the bioavailability of isothiocyanates and their antitumoral effects. Although human studies are limited, they support oral bioavailability with reasonable plasma and urine concentrations achieved. Overall, both cell and animal studies support a potential role for isothiocyanates in bladder cancer prevention and treatment. Future studies are necessary to examine clinically relevant outcomes and define guidelines on ameliorating the bladder cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma Abbaoui
- Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.,Department of Food Science and Technology, The College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.,Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Christopher R Lucas
- Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Ken M Riedl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
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16
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Radosavljević V, Janković S, Marinković J, Dokić M. Non-Occupational Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer a Case-Control Study. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 90:175-80. [PMID: 15237578 DOI: 10.1177/030089160409000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to determine non-occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in Serbia. Methods and design A hospital-based, case-control study included 130 newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients and the same number of individually matched controls with respect to sex, age (± 2 years) and type of residence (rural or urban), from the Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade and from the Clinical Center in Kragujevac in central Serbia. The study took place from June 1997 to March 1999. Results According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, there was an association between: frequency of daily urination (OR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.08-0.39); consumption of liver (OR = 13.81; 95% CI = 2.49-76.69), canned meat (OR = 8.38; 95% CI = 1.74-40.36), fruit juices (OR = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.01-0.56); the highest fertile of pork (OR = 4.55; 95% CI = 1.30-15.93), cabbage (OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.06-1.01) and vinegar (OR = 4.41; 95% CI = 1.18-16.50) intake and risk for bladder cancer. Conclusions Consumption of liver, canned meat, pork (h vs I tertile) and vinegar (m vs I tertile) was indicated as a risk factor for bladder cancer, whereas frequent daily urination, consumption of fruit juices and cabbage (h vs I fertile) were indicated as protective factors.
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17
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Manea AI, Abbas KAU. Influence of Seaweed Extract, Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Broccoli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2018.1446205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ibadi Manea
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qasim Green, Babylon, Iraq
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18
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Tu H, Dinney CP, Ye Y, Grossman HB, Lerner SP, Wu X. Is folic acid safe for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients? An evidence-based cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:208-216. [PMID: 29529165 PMCID: PMC6669327 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cancer are highly concerned about food choices and dietary supplements that may affect their treatment outcomes. Excess folic acid (synthetic folate) from supplements or fortification can lead to accumulation of unmetabolized folic acid in the systemic circulation and urine and may promote cancer growth, especially among those with neoplastic alterations. Objective We investigated the prospective association between synthetic compared with natural folate intake and clinical outcomes in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which is a highly recurrent disease. Design In a cohort of 619 NMIBC patients, folate intake at diagnosis was assessed with a previously validated food-frequency questionnaire and categorized according to tertiles. After a median follow-up of 5.2 y, 303 tumor recurrence and 108 progression events were documented from medical record review. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic models were used to estimate adjusted HRs and ORs with 95% CIs. Results Synthetic folic acid intake was positively associated with a risk of recurrence among NMIBC patients (medium compared with low intake-HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.48; P = 0.003; high compared with low intake-HR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.84; P = 0.01). Patients with a higher folic acid intake were more likely to have multifocal tumors at diagnosis (medium or high compared with low-OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.02; P = 0.03). In contrast, natural folate intake tended to be inversely associated with the risk of progression (medium or high compared with low-HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.44, 1.04; P = 0.08). Conclusions A high intake of synthetic folic acid, in contrast to the natural forms, is associated with an increased risk of recurrence in NMIBC and multifocal tumors at diagnosis, which suggests that folic acid may be unsafe for NMIBC patients. These findings provide some evidence for nutritional consultation with regard to folate intake among NMIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Tu
- Departments of Epidemiology and Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Colin P Dinney
- Departments of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Departments of Epidemiology and Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Barton Grossman
- Departments of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Seth P Lerner
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Departments of Epidemiology and Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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19
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Grosso G, Micek A, Godos J, Pajak A, Sciacca S, Galvano F, Boffetta P. Health risk factors associated with meat, fruit and vegetable consumption in cohort studies: A comprehensive meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183787. [PMID: 28850610 PMCID: PMC5574618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to test the association between red, processed, and total meat, as well as fruit and vegetable consumption, and selected health risk factors, including body weight status, smoking habit, physical activity level, level of education, and alcohol drinking in cohort studies on non-communicable disease. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed to identify relevant articles published up to March 2017. In a two-stage approach, frequency-weighted linear regression coefficients were first calculated for each variable, and then combined across studies through meta-regression. Ninety-eight studies including 20 on red meat, 6 on processed meat, 12 on total meat, 37 on fruit and vegetable combined, 21 on fruit and 24 on vegetable consumption were analyzed. Intake of red meat was positively associated with BMI, percentage of overweight and obese, low physical activity, and current and ever smoking and inversely associated with percentage of non-smokers and high physically active individuals. Similar associations were found for red meat were found, although based on fewer data. Intake of fruits and vegetables was positively associated with prevalence of non-smokers, high education and high physical activity, and similar results were found when examining fruit and vegetable consumption separately. Stratification by geographical area revealed that some associations were stronger in US rather than European or Asian cohorts. In conclusions, the distribution of health risk factors associated with high meat and fruit/vegetable consumption may differ from those of low-consumers. Some of these differences may mediate, confound, or modify the relation between diet and non-communicable disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico-Universitaria “Vittorio Emanuele”, Catania, Italy
- The Need for Nutrition Education/Innovation Programme (NNEdPro), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Godos
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico-Universitaria “Vittorio Emanuele”, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Salvatore Sciacca
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico-Universitaria “Vittorio Emanuele”, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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Faezizadeh Z, Gharib A, Godarzee M. Anti-Proliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Beta-Ionone in Human Leukemia Cell Line K562. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/zjrms-7364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Piyathilake C. Dietary factors associated with bladder cancer. Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57 Suppl 1:S14-25. [PMID: 27326403 PMCID: PMC4910759 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.s1.s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is biologically plausible for dietary factors to influence bladder cancer risk considering that beneficial as well as harmful components of a diet are excreted through the urinary tract and in direct contact with the epithelium of the bladder. However, studies that investigated the association between dietary factors and bladder cancer (BC) risk have largely reported inconsistent results. The macronutrient intake and risk of BC could have yield inconsistent results across studies because of lack of details on the type, source and the quantities of different dietary fatty acids consumed. There is evidence to suggest that consumption of processed meat may increase BC risk. Dietary carbohydrate intake does not appear to be directly associated with BC risk. Even though a large number of studies have investigated the association between fruit/vegetable consumption/micronutrients in those and BC risk, they have yielded inconsistent results. Gender-specific subgroup analysis, details of how fruits and vegetables are consumed (raw vs. cooked), adequate control for smoking status/aggressiveness of the cancer and consideration of genetic make-up may clarify these inconsistent results. There is no strong evidence to suggest that supplementation with any common micronutrient is effective in reducing BC risk. These limitations in published research however do not totally eclipse the observation that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in processed meat along with especially smoking cessation may convey some protective effects against BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Piyathilake
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
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22
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Xu C, Zeng XT, Liu TZ, Zhang C, Yang ZH, Li S, Chen XY. Fruits and vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e759. [PMID: 25929912 PMCID: PMC4603065 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical practice recommends eating ≥2.5 cups of fruits and vegetables (FVs) each day for cancer prevention, in which the evidence from epidemiological studies for the association between FVs intake and bladder cancer (BC) prevention is inconsistent.We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Willy online Library for relevant studies published up to September 27, 2014. Prospective cohort studies investigated FVs intake, and the risk of BC with ≥3 categories of exposure was included. A dose-response meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the association between FVs intake and risk of BC.Fourteen cohorts with 17 studies including 9447 cases were identified. No evidence of nonlinear association was examined between FVs intake and risk of BC. The summarized relevant risk (RR) of every 0.2 serving increment a day was 1.00 (95%CI: 0.99, 1.00; P = 0.17; I = 41.7%; n = 14) for total fruits; 0.99 (95%CI: 0.96, 1.01; P = 0.28; I = 37.0%; n = 13) for total vegetables; and 0.99 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.01; P = 0.24; I = 57.5%; n = 8) for both FVs. In further analysis, we observed inverse association between every 0.2 serving increment of green leafy vegetables intake a day and risk of BC (RR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.96, 0.99; I = 0.0%; P < 0.01; Power = 0.76; n = 6), but neither for cruciferous vegetables (RR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.93, 1.01; P = 0.19; I = 55.8%; n = 8) nor for citrus (RR = 1.00, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.00; P = 0.83; I = 0.0%; n = 7). Subgroup analysis showed consistent results.Little evidence supports a beneficial effect for total fruits, vegetables, both FVs, and citrus intake against bladder cancer. Green leafy vegetables may help prevent bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- From the Department of Urology (CX, T-ZL, Z-HY, SL, X-YC); Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital (CX, X-TZ, T-ZL, CZ, SL); and Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (X-TZ, SL)
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Chen F, Li Q, Yu Y, Yang W, Shi F, Qu Y. Association of vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9599. [PMID: 25905583 PMCID: PMC5386108 DOI: 10.1038/srep09599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association of vitamin C, D, E with risk of bladder cancer. Pertinent studies were identified in PubMed and Embase. The random-effect model was used. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) of bladder cancer was 0.99 (0.95–1.03) for every 100 IU/day increment in vitamin D from diet plus supplement and 0.95 (0.90–1.00) for every 10 nmol/L increment in circulating vitamin D. The effect for every 10 mg/day increment was 0.96 (0.90–1.02) for vitamin E from diet plus supplement, 0.83 (0.72–0.95) from diet and 0.88 (0.67–1.15) from supplement, and the effect was 0.84 (0.76–0.94) for every 1 mg/dL increment in circulating α-Tocopherol and 1.22 (1.00–1.49) for every 0.1 mg/dL increment in circulating γ-Tocopherol. The observed association for vitamin D and vitamin E was significant among smokers but not among non-smokers. No significant association was found between vitamin C and risk of bladder cancer in the dose-response analysis. Based on the dose-response analysis, the risk of bladder cancer might be inversely associated with vitamin D and E (especially α-Tocopherol), but positively associated with γ-Tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chen
- Department of Pain Management, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingshu Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pain Management, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenrong Yang
- Department of Pain Management, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Pain Management, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Intensive Care Unit, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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Ye C, Zhao W, Li M, Zhuang J, Yan X, Lu Q, Chang C, Huang X, Zhou J, Xie B, Zhang Z, Yao X, Yan J, Guo H. δ-tocotrienol induces human bladder cancer cell growth arrest, apoptosis and chemosensitization through inhibition of STAT3 pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122712. [PMID: 25849286 PMCID: PMC4388509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E intake has been implicated in reduction of bladder cancer risk. However, the mechanisms remain elusive. Here we reported that δ-tocotrienol (δ-T3), one of vitamin E isomers, possessed the most potent cytotoxic capacity against human bladder cancer cells, compared with other Vitamin E isomers. δ-T3 inhibited cancer cell proliferation and colonogenicity through induction of G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Western blotting assay revealed that δ-T3 increased the expression levels of cell cycle inhibitors (p21, p27), pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) and suppressed expression levels of cell cycle protein (Cyclin D1), anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1), resulting in the Caspase-3 activation and cleavage of PARP. Moreover, the δ-T3 treatment inhibited ETK phosphorylation level and induced SHP-1 expression, which was correlated with downregulation of STAT3 activation. In line with this, δ-T3 reduced the STAT3 protein level in nuclear fraction, as well as its transcription activity. Knockdown of SHP-1 partially reversed δ-T3-induced cell growth arrest. Importantly, low dose of δ-T3 sensitized Gemcitabine-induced cytotoxic effects on human bladder cancer cells. Overall, our findings demonstrated, for the first time, the cytotoxic effects of δ-T3 on bladder cancer cells and suggest that δ-T3 might be a promising chemosensitization reagent for Gemcitabine in bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiao Ye
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Junlong Zhuang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Cunjie Chang
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Bingxian Xie
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- Nanjing Urology Research Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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Vieira AR, Vingeliene S, Chan DSM, Aune D, Abar L, Navarro Rosenblatt D, Greenwood DC, Norat T. Fruits, vegetables, and bladder cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2014; 4:136-46. [PMID: 25461441 PMCID: PMC4312127 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is estimated to cause about half of all bladder cancer cases. Case-control studies have provided evidence of an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk. As part of the World Cancer Research/American Institute for Cancer Research Continuous Update Project, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to assess the dose-response relationship between fruit and vegetables and incidence and mortality of bladder cancer. We searched PubMed up to December 2013 for relevant prospective studies. We conducted highest compared with lowest meta-analyses and dose-response meta-analyses using random effects models to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and used restricted cubic splines to examine possible nonlinear associations. Fifteen prospective studies were included in the review. The summary RR for an increase of 1 serving/day (80 g) were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99) I(2) = 0%, eight studies for fruits and vegetables, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-1.00, I(2) = 10%, 10 studies) for vegetables and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-1.00, I(2) = 0%, 12 studies) for fruits. Results were similar in men and women and in current, former and nonsmokers. Amongst fruits and vegetables subgroups, for citrus fruits the summary RR for the highest compared with the lowest intake was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76-0.99, I(2) = 0%, eight studies) and for cruciferous vegetables there was evidence of a nonlinear relationship (P = 0.001). The current evidence from cohort studies is not consistent with a role for fruits and vegetables in preventing bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wang YY, Wang XL, Yu ZJ. Vitamin C and E intake and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:4154-64. [PMID: 25550926 PMCID: PMC4276184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies that investigate whether vitamin C and E intake protects against bladder cancer have yielded inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published cohort and case-control studies to summarize the epidemiologic evidence investigating vitamin C and E intake and bladder cancer. Studies were identified through a search of PubMed and Embase databases and of references from relevant publications. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate summary risk estimates (REs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for vitamin C and E intake using fixed- or random-effects model depending on the heterogeneity of the studies. Subgroup analyses were performed according to study design, sex, geographical regions and source of vitamins intake. The summary REs of bladder cancer for all published studies was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.79-1.00) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72-0.90) for vitamin C and E intake, respectively, with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity for vitamin E, but some heterogeneity for vitamin C intake. Although some of the summary effects were non-significant, subgroup analyses showed that these inverse relationships were not modified by study design, sex, geographical regions and source of vitamins intake for vitamin E intake. Our results indicated that high intake of vitamin E could reduce bladder cancer risk. However, the inverse association between vitamin C and bladder cancer seemed to be limited. Further studies using larger samples and a rigorous methodology are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Liang Wang
- Department of Urology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yu
- Department of Urology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou, China
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27
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Yao B, Yan Y, Ye X, Fang H, Xu H, Liu Y, Li S, Zhao Y. Intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:1645-58. [PMID: 25248495 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest an association between fruit and vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer, but the results are controversial. METHODS We therefore summarized the evidence from observational studies in categorical, linear, and nonlinear, dose-response meta-analysis. Pertinent studies were identified by searching EMBASE and PubMed from their inception to August 2013. RESULTS Thirty-one observational studies involving 12,610 cases and 1,121,649 participants were included. The combined rate ratio (RR, 95 % CI) of bladder cancer for the highest versus lowest intake was 0.83 (0.69-0.99) for total fruit and vegetables, 0.81 (0.70-0.93) for total vegetables, 0.77 (0.69-0.87) for total fruit, 0.84 (0.77-0.91) for cruciferous vegetables, 0.79 (0.68-0.91) for citrus fruits, and 0.74 (0.66-0.84) for yellow-orange vegetables. Subgroup analysis showed study design and gender as possible sources of heterogeneity. A nonlinear relationship was found of citrus fruits intake with risk of bladder cancer (P for nonlinearity = 0.018), and the RRs (95 % CI) of bladder cancer were 0.87 (0.78-0.96), 0.80 (0.67-0.94), 0.79 (0.66-0.94), 0.79 (0.65-0.96), and 0.79 (0.64-0.99) for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 g/day. A nonlinear relationship was also found of yellow-orange vegetable intake with risk of bladder cancer risk (P for nonlinearity = 0.033). Some evidence of publication bias was observed for fruit, citrus fruits, and yellow-orange vegetables. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that intakes of fruit and vegetables may reduce the risk of bladder cancer. Future well-designed studies are required to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodong Yao
- Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 965 Zhongyi Road, Shanghai, 201101, China
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Tang JE, Wang RJ, Zhong H, Yu B, Chen Y. Vitamin A and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:130. [PMID: 24773914 PMCID: PMC4030017 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have reported the preventive effect of vitamin A intake on bladder cancer. However, the findings are inconsistent. To address this issue we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the quantitative effects of vitamin A on bladder cancer. METHODS We searched MEDLINE and Embase databases and the references of the relevant articles in English to include studies on dietary or blood vitamin A for the risk of bladder cancer. We performed a meta-analysis using both fixed-effects and random-effects models. RESULTS Twenty-five articles on dietary vitamin A or blood vitamin A were included according to the eligibility criteria. The pooled risk estimates of bladder cancer were 0.82 (95% CI 0.65, 0.95) for total vitamin A intake, 0.88 (95% CI 0.73, 1.02) for retinol intake, and 0.64 (95% CI 0.38, 0.90) for blood retinol levels. We also found inverse associations between subtypes of carotenoids and bladder cancer risk. CONCLUSION The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that high vitamin A intake was associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer. Larger studies with prospective design and rigorous methodology should be considered to validate the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-er Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, Guangchanghou Road 158, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong-jiang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, Guangchanghou Road 158, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, Guangchanghou Road 158, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, Guangchanghou Road 158, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, Guangchanghou Road 158, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
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He H, Shui B. Folate intake and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 65:286-92. [PMID: 24328495 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.866641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results between folate intake and bladder cancer risk. We conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies published between 1996 and June 2013 on the relationship between folate intake and bladder cancer. We quantified associations with bladder cancer using meta-analysis of risk estimates (REs) associated to the highest versus the lowest category of folate intake using random effect models. Seven cohort and six case-control studies were eligible for inclusion. A significantly decreased risk with bladder cancer was observed in overall folate intake group (RE = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96) and subgroup of case-control studies (RE = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89), but not in cohort studies (RE = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.81-1.10) when comparing the highest with the lowest category of folate intake. No heterogeneity and publication bias were observed across studies. Although the current evidence, mainly based on data from case-control studies, supports an inverse association between folate intake and bladder cancer, additional large and well-designed cohort studies are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong He
- Department of Urology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
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30
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Park SY, Ollberding NJ, Woolcott CG, Wilkens LR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN. Fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with lower risk of bladder cancer among women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. J Nutr 2013; 143:1283-92. [PMID: 23739308 PMCID: PMC3709993 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.174920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables have been examined for their possible effects on the risk of bladder cancer, as they contain numerous nutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidants with potentially anticarcinogenic properties. In a prospective analysis of 185,885 older adults participating in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, we examined whether the consumption of fruits and vegetables, or of nutrients concentrated in fruits and vegetables, was associated with bladder cancer risk. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for bladder cancer in relation to dietary intakes. A total of 581 invasive bladder cancer cases (429 men and 152 women) were diagnosed over a mean follow-up period of 12.5 y. In women, total fruits and vegetables [HR = 0.35 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.56); highest vs. lowest quartile], total vegetables [HR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.83)], yellow-orange vegetables [HR = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.77)], total fruits [HR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.85)], and citrus fruits [HR = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.90)] were inversely associated with the risk of invasive bladder cancer in risk factor-adjusted models. In addition, women with the highest intakes of vitamins A, C, and E; the carotenoids α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin; and folate had a lower risk of bladder cancer. For men, no associations for fruits, vegetables, or nutrients were found overall, although inverse associations were observed for vegetable intake among current smokers, and in ethnic-specific analyses, for fruit and vegetable intake among Latinos specifically. Our findings suggest that greater consumption of fruits and vegetables may lower the risk of invasive bladder cancer among women and highlight the need for specific subgroup analyses in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Nicholas J. Ollberding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Christy G. Woolcott
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; and
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laurence N. Kolonel
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
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Abstract
Vitamin B6 functions as a coenzyme in >140 enzymatic reactions involved in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, and lipids. It comprises a group of three related 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyrimidine derivatives: pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM) and their phosphorylated derivatives [pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP)], In the folate metabolism pathway, PLP is a cofactor for the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isozymes of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2 and SHMT1), the P-protein of the glycine cleavage system, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and γ-cystathionase, and betaine hydroxymethyltransferase (BHMT), all of which contribute to homocysteine metabolism either through folate- mediated one-carbon metabolism or the transsulfuration pathway. Folate cofactors carry and chemically activate single carbons for the synthesis of purines, thymidylate and methionine. So the evidence indicates that vitamin B6 plays an important role in maintenance of the genome, epigenetic stability and homocysteine metabolism. This article focuses on studies of strand breaks, micronuclei, or chromosomal aberrations regarding protective effects of vitamin B6, and probes whether it is folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism or the transsulfuration pathway for vitamin B6 which plays critical roles in prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Yu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.
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Isa F, Xie LP, Hu Z, Zhong Z, Hemelt M, Reulen RC, Wong YC, Tam PC, Yang K, Chai C, Zeng X, Deng Y, Zhong WD, Zeegers MP. Dietary consumption and diet diversity and risk of developing bladder cancer: results from the South and East China case–control study. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:885-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Miller PE, Snyder DC. Phytochemicals and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Clin Pract 2012; 27:599-612. [PMID: 22878362 DOI: 10.1177/0884533612456043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of epidemiological studies have investigated associations between various phytochemicals and cancer risk. Phytoestrogens and carotenoids are the two most commonly studied classes of phytochemicals; phytosterols, isothiocyanates, and chlorophyll also have been investigated, although to a much lesser extent. Because there have been no systematic reviews of the literature on all phytochemicals and cancer risk to date, this article systematically reviews 96 published epidemiological studies that examined associations between phytochemicals and cancer risk. Most studies found null associations between individual phytochemicals and cancer risk at various sites. In addition, results from past studies have been largely inconsistent, and observed associations have been of relatively modest magnitude. The most consistent protective effects were observed for higher levels--dietary intake, serum, plasma, or urinary metabolites--of β-carotene and renal cell cancer, β-cryptoxanthin and lung cancer, isothiocyanates and lung cancer, isothiocyanates and gastrointestinal cancer, lignans and postmenopausal breast cancer, and flavonoids and lung cancer. Although elevated risk of certain cancers with higher levels of certain phytochemicals was observed, an insufficient pool of studies examining the same associations or inconsistent findings across studies limit the ability to conclude that any one phytochemical increases cancer risk. Additional research is needed to support previously identified associations in cases where only one study has examined a particular relationship. Importantly, continued research efforts are needed to evaluate the cumulative and interactive effects of numerous phytochemicals and phytochemical-rich foods on cancer risk.
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Dietary intake of meat, fruits, vegetables, and selective micronutrients and risk of bladder cancer in the New England region of the United States. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1891-8. [PMID: 22568968 PMCID: PMC3364127 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite many studies on diet and bladder cancer, there are areas that remain unexplored including meat mutagens, specific vegetable groups, and vitamins from diet. Methods: We conducted a population-based case–control study of bladder cancer in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. A total of 1171 cases were ascertained through hospital pathology records and cancer registries from 2001 to 2004. Overall, 1418 controls were identified from the Department of Motor Vehicles (<65 years) and Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (65–79 years) and were frequency-matched to cases by state, sex, and age (within 5 years). Diet was assessed with a self-administered Diet History Questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Processed meat intake was positively associated with bladder cancer (highest vs lowest quartile OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.00–1.65; Ptrend=0.035), with a stronger association for processed red meat (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.08–1.84; Ptrend=0.024). There were no associations between intake of fruits or vegetables and bladder cancer. We did, however, observe an inverse association with vitamin B12 intake (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61–0.99; P=0.019). Conclusion: Vitamin B12 from diet may be protective against bladder cancer, whereas consuming processed meat may increase risk.
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35
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Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2012:CD007176. [PMID: 22419320 PMCID: PMC8407395 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007176.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our systematic review has demonstrated that antioxidant supplements may increase mortality. We have now updated this review. OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, the Science Citation Index Expanded, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science to February 2011. We scanned bibliographies of relevant publications and asked pharmaceutical companies for additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all primary and secondary prevention randomised clinical trials on antioxidant supplements (beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) versus placebo or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three authors extracted data. Random-effects and fixed-effect model meta-analyses were conducted. Risk of bias was considered in order to minimise the risk of systematic errors. Trial sequential analyses were conducted to minimise the risk of random errors. Random-effects model meta-regression analyses were performed to assess sources of intertrial heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS Seventy-eight randomised trials with 296,707 participants were included. Fifty-six trials including 244,056 participants had low risk of bias. Twenty-six trials included 215,900 healthy participants. Fifty-two trials included 80,807 participants with various diseases in a stable phase. The mean age was 63 years (range 18 to 103 years). The mean proportion of women was 46%. Of the 78 trials, 46 used the parallel-group design, 30 the factorial design, and 2 the cross-over design. All antioxidants were administered orally, either alone or in combination with vitamins, minerals, or other interventions. The duration of supplementation varied from 28 days to 12 years (mean duration 3 years; median duration 2 years). Overall, the antioxidant supplements had no significant effect on mortality in a random-effects model meta-analysis (21,484 dead/183,749 (11.7%) versus 11,479 dead/112,958 (10.2%); 78 trials, relative risk (RR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 to 1.05) but significantly increased mortality in a fixed-effect model (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05). Heterogeneity was low with an I(2)- of 12%. In meta-regression analysis, the risk of bias and type of antioxidant supplement were the only significant predictors of intertrial heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis did not find a significant difference in the estimated intervention effect in the primary prevention and the secondary prevention trials. In the 56 trials with a low risk of bias, the antioxidant supplements significantly increased mortality (18,833 dead/146,320 (12.9%) versus 10,320 dead/97,736 (10.6%); RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07). This effect was confirmed by trial sequential analysis. Excluding factorial trials with potential confounding showed that 38 trials with low risk of bias demonstrated a significant increase in mortality (2822 dead/26,903 (10.5%) versus 2473 dead/26,052 (9.5%); RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15). In trials with low risk of bias, beta-carotene (13,202 dead/96,003 (13.8%) versus 8556 dead/77,003 (11.1%); 26 trials, RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) and vitamin E (11,689 dead/97,523 (12.0%) versus 7561 dead/73,721 (10.3%); 46 trials, RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05) significantly increased mortality, whereas vitamin A (3444 dead/24,596 (14.0%) versus 2249 dead/16,548 (13.6%); 12 trials, RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.18), vitamin C (3637 dead/36,659 (9.9%) versus 2717 dead/29,283 (9.3%); 29 trials, RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.07), and selenium (2670 dead/39,779 (6.7%) versus 1468 dead/22,961 (6.4%); 17 trials, RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.03) did not significantly affect mortality. In univariate meta-regression analysis, the dose of vitamin A was significantly associated with increased mortality (RR 1.0006, 95% CI 1.0002 to 1.001, P = 0.002). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support antioxidant supplements for primary or secondary prevention. Beta-carotene and vitamin E seem to increase mortality, and so may higher doses of vitamin A. Antioxidant supplements need to be considered as medicinal products and should undergo sufficient evaluation before marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Bjelakovic
- Department of InternalMedicine,Medical Faculty, University ofNis,Nis, Serbia.
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Liu B, Mao Q, Lin Y, Zhou F, Xie L. The association of cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Urol 2012; 31:127-33. [PMID: 22391648 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-012-0850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer. METHODS Eligible studies were retrieved via both computer searches and review of references. The summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest versus the lowest intake of cruciferous vegetables were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated. RESULTS Five cohort and five case-control studies were included. A significantly decreased risk with bladder cancer was observed in overall cruciferous vegetables intake group (RR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.69-0.92) and subgroup of case-control studies (RR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.89), but not in cohort studies (RR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.61-1.11). No heterogeneity and publication bias were detected across studies. CONCLUSION Our findings support that cruciferous vegetables intake was related to the decreased risk of bladder cancer. Because of the limited number of studies, further well-designed prospective studies are needed to explore the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables on bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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The safety of cruciferous plants in humans: a systematic review. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:503241. [PMID: 22500092 PMCID: PMC3303573 DOI: 10.1155/2012/503241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cruciferous plants may serve as preventive treatments for several medical conditions; our objective was to systematically investigate their safety in humans. Four electronic databases were searched, and, of 10,831 references identified, 50 were included. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers, whereafter the association between interventions and adverse events was assessed. Adverse events in 53 subjects were identified through clinical trials; of these, altered drug metabolism was rated as certainly/likely caused by cruciferous plants. Adverse events in 1247 subjects were identified through observational studies, of which none received high causality ratings. Adverse events in 35 subjects were identified through case reports, of which allergies and warfarin resistance were rated as certainly/likely caused by cruciferous plants. We conclude that cruciferous plants are safe in humans, with the exception of allergies. Individuals treated with warfarin should consult their physician. Further investigation of uses of cruciferous plants in preventative medicine is warranted.
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Chung CJ, Pu YS, Chen YT, Su CT, Wu CC, Shiue HS, Huang CY, Hsueh YM. Protective effects of plasma alpha-tocopherols on the risk of inorganic arsenic-related urothelial carcinoma. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:1039-1045. [PMID: 21227482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic plays an important role in producing oxidative stress in cultured cells. To investigate the interaction between high oxidative stress and low arsenic methylation capacity on arsenic carcinogenesis, a case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship among the indices of oxidative stress, such as urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyquanine (8-OHdG), as well as plasma micronutrients and urinary arsenic profiles on urothelial carcinoma (UC) risk. Urinary 8-OHdG was measured using high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The urinary arsenic species were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and hydride generator-atomic absorption spectrometry. Plasma micronutrient levels were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The present study showed a significant protective effect of plasma alpha-tocopherol on UC risk. Plasma alpha-tocopherol levels were significantly inversely related to urinary total arsenic concentrations and inorganic arsenic percentage (InAs%), and significantly positively related to dimethylarsinic acid percentage (DMA%). There were no correlations between plasma micronutrients and urinary 8-OHdG. Study participants with lower alpha-tocopherol and higher urinary total arsenic, higher InAs%, higher MMA%, and lower DMA% had a higher UC risk than those with higher alpha-tocopherol and lower urinary total arsenic, lower InAs%, lower MMA%, and higher DMA%. These results suggest that plasma alpha-tocopherol might modify the risk of inorganic arsenic-related UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Chung
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu M, Liu RH, Song BB, Li CF, Lin LQ, Zhang CP, Zhao JL, Liu JR. Antiangiogenetic effects of 4 varieties of grapes in vitro. J Food Sci 2010; 75:T99-T104. [PMID: 20722961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of grapes on the human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells' capillary tube formation and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression secreted into the medium. Four different grape varieties (Concord, Niagara, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir) were extracted using 80% acetone and the extracts were stored at -80 degrees C. The total amount of phenolics and flavonoids for each of the 4 grape varieties were determined by spectrophotometry. Grape extracts were co-cultured with HUVE cells on Matrigel and inhibitory effects on tube formation were observed under a microscope. The inhibitory effects of grape extracts on MMP-2 expression were examined by zymogram. All 4 grape varieties inhibited the tube formation of HUVE cells in a dose-dependent manner on Matrigel. Except for Chardonnay, the other 3 grape varieties completely inhibited secretion of MMP-2 at 20 mg/mL. There was a significant positive relationship between the total phenolics and flavonoids and antiangiogenetic activities. The grapes tested have the potential to inhibit angiogenesis mainly by their phenolics and flavonoids contents, which partly contribute to their cancer chemopreventive efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Treatment Center of Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical Univ., Harbin, P.R. China.
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40
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Brinkman MT, Karagas MR, Zens MS, Schned A, Reulen RC, Zeegers MP. Minerals and vitamins and the risk of bladder cancer: results from the New Hampshire Study. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 21:609-19. [PMID: 20043202 PMCID: PMC2839516 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Although the effect of fruit and vegetables on the risk of bladder cancer has been widely studied, little is known about their micronutrient components. Our aim was to investigate associations between minerals and vitamins and bladder cancer. Methods A case–control study was conducted in New Hampshire, USA. Dietary data were collected from 322 cases and 239 controls using a 121-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, smoking characteristics, and energy intake. Results The ORs (95% CI) for highest quartile versus lowest quartile for total intake of vitamin E was 0.66 (0.36–1.20; p trend = 0.09) and 0.49 (0.21–1.17; p trend = 0.13) for dietary phosphorus. The odds of bladder cancer for heavy smokers with the highest total intake of vitamin E, carotenoids, and niacin were 0.58 (0.34–0.99), 0.62 (0.36–1.09), and 0.66 (0.39–1.14), respectively. Higher total intakes of carotenoids, vitamin D, thiamin, niacin, and vitamin E were inversely related to bladder cancer risk among older individuals. Conclusion Our findings suggest further investigation of the effect of vitamin E, carotenoids, vitamin D, thiamin, and niacin on bladder cancer risk may be warranted. Future studies should focus on high risk groups such as heavy smokers and older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree T Brinkman
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 1 Rathdowne Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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Büchner FL, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ros MM, Kampman E, Egevad L, Overvad K, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Tjønneland A, Roswall N, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Touillaud M, Chang-Claude J, Kaaks R, Boeing H, Weikert S, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Sieri S, Vineis P, Tumino R, Panico S, Vrieling A, Peeters PH, van Gils CH, Lund E, Gram IT, Engeset D, Martinez C, Gonzalez CA, Larrañaga N, Ardanaz E, Navarro C, Rodríguez L, Manjer J, Ehrnström RA, Hallmans G, Ljungberg B, Allen NE, Roddam AW, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Slimani N, Boffetta P, Jenab M, Mouw T, Michaud DS, Kiemeney LA, Riboli E. Consumption of vegetables and fruit and the risk of bladder cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2643-51. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Roswall N, Olsen A, Christensen J, Dragsted LO, Overvad K, Tjønneland A. Micronutrient Intake and Risk of Urothelial Carcinoma in a Prospective Danish Cohort. Eur Urol 2009; 56:764-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Silberstein JL, Parsons JK. Evidence-based principles of bladder cancer and diet. Urology 2009; 75:340-6. [PMID: 19819528 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer presents a substantial challenge to public health. Dietary factors influence the risk of bladder cancer incidence and recurrence and may offer innovative therapies for prevention. Agents associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer include carrots, selenium, cruciferous vegetables, and fruits. Dietary components associated with increased bladder cancer risk include pork, barbecued meats, fat, soy, and excessive coffee consumption. Although definitive clinical trials have yet to be performed, promotion of healthy lifestyle interventions based on dietary factors--increased vegetable and fruit intakes, decreased meat and fat intakes--should be considered in the care of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Silberstein
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103-8897, USA.
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Myung SK, Kim Y, Ju W, Choi HJ, Bae WK. Effects of antioxidant supplements on cancer prevention: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Oncol 2009; 21:166-79. [PMID: 19622597 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of antioxidant supplements on the primary and secondary prevention of cancer as reported by randomized controlled trials. METHODS We searched Medline (PubMed), Excerpta Medica database, and the Cochrane Review in October 2007. RESULTS Among 3327 articles searched, 31 articles on 22 randomized controlled trials, which included 161 045 total subjects, 88 610 in antioxidant supplement groups and 72 435 in placebo or no-intervention groups, were included in the final analyses. In a fixed-effects meta-analysis of all 22 trials, antioxidant supplements were found to have no preventive effect on cancer [relative risk (RR) 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.03). Similar findings were observed in 12 studies on primary prevention trials (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97-1.04) and in nine studies on secondary prevention trials (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.83-1.13). Further, subgroup analyses revealed no preventive effect on cancer according to type of antioxidant, type of cancer, or the methodological quality of the studies. On the other hand, the use of antioxidant supplements significantly increased the risk of bladder cancer (RR 1.52; 95% CI 1.06-2.17) in a subgroup meta-analysis of four trials. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicated that there is no clinical evidence to support an overall primary and secondary preventive effect of antioxidant supplements on cancer. The effects of antioxidant supplements on human health, particularly in relation to cancer, should not be overemphasized because the use of those might be harmful for some cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-K Myung
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
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Lin J, Kamat A, Gu J, Chen M, Dinney CP, Forman MR, Wu X. Dietary intake of vegetables and fruits and the modification effects of GSTM1 and NAT2 genotypes on bladder cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2090-7. [PMID: 19549811 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the association between intakes of vegetables and fruits as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture pyramid food groups and bladder cancer risk using data collected in a large case-control study. The study included 884 histologically confirmed bladder cancer cases and 878 healthy controls matched to cases by age (+/-5 years), gender, and ethnicity. Significant inverse associations were observed for intakes of total vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, orange vegetables, dark green vegetables, and bladder cancer risk. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of total vegetable intake, the odds ratios for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of total vegetable intake were 0.84 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.64-1.10], 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54-0.95), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.50-0.90), respectively (P for trend = 0.004). Compared with those in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of cruciferous vegetable intake had an odds ratio of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.52-0.92; P for trend = 0.001) and those in the highest quartile of orange vegetable intake had an odds ratio of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.52-0.91; P for trend = 0.006). Furthermore, the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables was more evident in subjects carrying GSTM1-null (odds ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25-0.73 for the 4th quartile of intake) and NAT2-slow genotypes (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.97 for the 4th quartile of intake). No association was observed for intakes of total fruits or citrus fruits. Our data strongly support that high vegetable consumption, especially cruciferous vegetable intake, may protect against bladder cancer and that genetic variants of GSTM1 and NAT2 may modify the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Bladder cancer is a major health concern for older males in Western populations. About 30 years ago there was a suggestion that nutrition may have a role in the aetiology of the disease. Although the literature has been accumulating since then, owing to heterogeneity between studies results have often been inconsistent and unclear. The aim of this paper was to present an updated summary of the scientific evidence on the association between nutrition, total fluid intake and bladder cancer. A search of computerized databases, PubMed, ISI, Embase and Cochrane Library, was conducted to identify all epidemiological studies published between 1966 and October 2007. The level of scientific evidence for the various nutritional factors and total fluid intake was ranked according to the number of studies reporting a statistically significant association and the existence of mechanistic evidence. The levels of association were based on a ranking of statistically significant relative risks. Fruit and yellow-orange vegetables, particularly carrots and selenium, are probably associated with a moderately reduced risk of bladder cancer. Citrus fruits and cruciferous vegetables were also identified as having a possible protective effect. Possible risk factors are salted and barbecued meat, pork, total fat, pickled vegetables, salt, soy products, spices and artificial sweeteners. No clear association could be determined for beef, eggs, processed meats and total fluid intake. In conclusion, specific fruit and vegetables may act to reduce the risk of bladder cancer. Future studies on bladder cancer should investigate the effect of food categorization, amount and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Brinkman
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Australia
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Bhamre S, Sahoo D, Tibshirani R, Dill DL, Brooks JD. Temporal changes in gene expression induced by sulforaphane in human prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2009; 69:181-90. [PMID: 18973173 PMCID: PMC2612096 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is thought to arise as a result of oxidative stresses and induction of antioxidant electrophile defense (phase 2) enzymes has been proposed as a prostate cancer prevention strategy. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane, derived from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, potently induces surrogate markers of phase 2 enzyme activity in prostate cells in vitro and in vivo. To better understand the temporal effects of sulforaphane and broccoli sprouts on gene expression in prostate cells, we carried out comprehensive transcriptome analysis using cDNA microarrays. METHODS Transcripts significantly modulated by sulforaphane over time were identified using StepMiner analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to identify biological pathways, networks, and functions significantly altered by sulforaphane treatment. RESULTS StepMiner and IPA revealed significant changes in many transcripts associated with cell growth and cell cycle, as well as a significant number associated with cellular response to oxidative damage and stress. Comparison to an existing dataset suggested that sulforaphane blocked cell growth by inducing G2/M arrest. Cell growth assays and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that sulforaphane inhibited cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in prostate cells sulforaphane primarily induces cellular defenses and inhibits cell growth by causing G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, based on the striking similarities in the gene expression patterns induced across experiments in these cells, sulforaphane appears to be the primary bioactive compound present in broccoli sprouts, suggesting that broccoli sprouts can serve as a suitable source for sulforaphane in intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarna Bhamre
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 4305-5118, USA
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Abstract
Over several decades a number of epidemiological studies have identified the inverse associations between cruciferous vegetables and the risk of several cancers, including gastric, breast, colo-rectal, lung, prostate, bladder and endometrial cancers, via plausible physiological mechanisms. Although retrospective case–control studies have consistently reported inverse associations between the risk of these cancers and the intake of cruciferous vegetables and isothiocyanate-containing plants, current prospective cohort studies have found these associations to be weaker and less consistent. Genetic variations affecting the metabolism of glucosinolate hydrolysis products may modulate the effects of cruciferous vegetable consumption on cancer risk, which may be one of the reasons for the discrepancies between retrospective and prospective studies. In addition, methodological issues such as measurement errors of dietary exposure, misclassification, recall bias, publication bias, confounding and study design should be carefully considered in interpreting the results of case–control and cohort studies and in drawing conclusions in relation to the potential effects of cruciferous vegetables on cancers. Although recent comprehensive reviews of numerous studies have purported to show the specific protective role of cruciferous vegetables, and particularly Brassicas, against cancer risk, the current epidemiological evidence suggests that cruciferous vegetable consumption may reduce the risk only of gastric and lung cancers. However, there is at present no conclusive evidence that the consumption of cruciferous vegetables attenuates the risk of all other cancers.
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Larsson SC, Andersson SO, Johansson JE, Wolk A. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:2519-22. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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