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Li Q, Qin X, Wang L, Hu D, Liao R, Yu H, Wu Z, Liu Y. Multi-time point transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal key transcription and metabolic features of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Genes Dis 2025; 12:101465. [PMID: 39759115 PMCID: PMC11697123 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is an unavoidable surgical complication of liver transplantation and the leading cause of poor graft function and increased mortality post-transplantation. Multiple mechanisms have been implicated in ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the characteristic changes at the transcriptional and metabolic levels in the early, intermediate, and late phases of ischemia-reperfusion injury remain unclear. In the study, mice underwent laparotomy following anesthesia, and the blood vessels of the liver were clipped using a vascular clamp to form 70% warm ischemia of the liver. Mouse liver sections and serum samples were collected and divided into the Sham, I1R12, I1R24, and I1R48 groups. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed to study characteristic alterations during the early, intermediate, and late phases of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to validate the critical differentially expressed genes. The differentially expressed genes and metabolites were identified by transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. Moreover, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that glucose metabolism remodeling, inflammatory response activation, and lipid metabolism remodeling were characteristic changes in the early, intermediate, and late phases of ischemia-reperfusion injury, respectively. In summary, our study revealed the importance of glucolipid metabolism in ischemia-reperfusion injury and provided potential therapeutic intervention targets and a new perspective to explore the underlying mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of General Surgery and Trauma Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Liangxu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dingheng Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huarong Yu
- Research Center of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanyao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Tepe T, Satar M, Yildizdas HY, Ozdemir M, Ozlu F, Erdogan S, Toyran T, Akillioglu K. Antiapoptotic Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Rat Brain: May Hydroxychloroquine Be an Adjuvant Theraphy? Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:1195-1202. [PMID: 35292947 DOI: 10.1055/a-1798-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and antineoplastic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiapoptotic and immunomodulator effects of intraperitoneal HCQ on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in newborn rats. STUDY DESIGN Wistar albino rats, 7 to 10 days old, were randomly divided into three groups: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) group, HIE treated with HCQ group, and Sham group. Left common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia model were performed in HIE and HCQ groups. The HCQ group was treated with 80 mg/kg intraperitoneal HCQ every 24 hours for 3 days, while Sham and HIE groups were given physiological saline. After 72 hours, rats were decapitated and brain tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, TUNEL, and IL-1β for histopathological grading and neuronal cell injury. RESULTS Neuronal apoptosis was statistically lower in all neuroanatomical areas in the HCQ group compared with the HIE group. IL-1β-stained areas were similar in both HCQ and HIE groups but significantly higher compared with the Sham group. Histopathological grading scores were found to be lower in the HCQ group on the left parietal cortex and hippocampus region. CONCLUSION In this study, we have shown for the first time that HCQ treatment decreased apoptosis in HI newborn rat model in both hemispheres. HCQ may be a promising adjuvant therapy in neonatal HIE. KEY POINTS · HCQ decreased neuronal apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra of the rat brain.. · HCQ attenuates hypoxia-ischemia-induced brain injury in neonatal rats.. · HCQ has no anti-inflammatory effect on HI injury..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugay Tepe
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Satar
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Hacer Yapicioglu Yildizdas
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ferda Ozlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Seyda Erdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Tugba Toyran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Kubra Akillioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
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Liu X, Lv J, Tang W, Hu Y, Wen Y, Shen H. METTL3-mediated maturation of miR-192-5p targets ATG7 to prevent Schwann cell autophagy in peripheral nerve injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:1010-1019. [PMID: 37964653 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of miR-192-5p can promote nerve repair in rats with peripheral nerve injury (PNI) but the precise mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Schwann cell (SC) autophagy mediated by autophagy-related gene (ATG) proteins has a key role in PNI but it is uncertain whether miR-192-5p affects the involvement of SC autophagy in PNI. In this study, we investigated the impact of methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3)/miR-192-5p/ATG7 on SC autophagy in a rat PNI model and in an SC oxygen and glucose deprivation model. The results revealed that METTL3 stimulated miR-192-5p maturation via m6A methylation to depress ATG7 and SC autophagy and aggravate PNI. These findings provide a new target and potential basis for the treatment of patients with PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbai Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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Chen R, Qiu K, Han G, Kundu BK, Ding G, Sun Y, Diao J. Quantifying cell viability through organelle ratiometric probing. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10236-10248. [PMID: 37772119 PMCID: PMC10530868 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01537h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting cell viability is crucial in research involving the precancerous discovery of abnormal cells, the evaluation of treatments, and drug toxicity testing. Although conventional methods afford cumulative results regarding cell viability based on a great number of cells, they do not permit investigating cell viability at the single-cell level. In response, we rationally designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, PCV-1, to visualize cell viability under the super-resolution technology of structured illumination microscopy. Given its sensitivity to mitochondrial membrane potential and affinity to DNA, PCV-1's ability to stain mitochondria and nucleoli was observed in live and dead cells, respectively. During cell injury induced by drug treatment, PCV-1's migration from mitochondria to the nucleolus was dynamically visualized at the single-cell level. By extension, harnessing PCV-1's excellent photostability and signal-to-noise ratio and by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the two organelles, mitochondria and nucleoli, we developed a powerful analytical assay named organelle ratiometric probing (ORP) that we applied to quantitatively analyze and efficiently assess the viability of individual cells, thereby enabling deeper insights into the potential mechanisms of cell death. In ORP analysis with PCV-1, we identified 0.3 as the cutoff point for assessing whether adding a given drug will cause apparent cytotoxicity, which greatly expands the probe's applicability. To the best of our knowledge, PCV-1 is the first probe to allow visualizing cell death and cell injury under super-resolution imaging, and our proposed analytical assay using it paves the way for quantifying cell viability at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267 USA
| | - Guanqun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267 USA
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5
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Pantanali CA, Rocha-Santos V, Kubrusly MS, Castro IA, Carneiro-D'Albuquerque LA, Galvão FH. The Protective Effect of Nutraceuticals on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10264. [PMID: 37373409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are bioactive compounds present in foods, utilized to ameliorate health, prevent diseases, and support the proper functioning of the human body. They have gained attention due to their ability to hit multiple targets and act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and modulators of immune response and cell death. Therefore, nutraceuticals are being studied to prevent and treat liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study evaluated the effect of a nutraceutical solution formed by resveratrol, quercetin, omega-3 fatty acid, selenium, ginger, avocado, leucine, and niacin on liver IRI. IRI was performed with 60 min of ischemia and 4 h of reperfusion in male Wistar rats. Afterward, the animals were euthanized to study hepatocellular injury, cytokines, oxidative stress, gene expression of apoptosis-related genes, TNF-α and caspase-3 proteins, and histology. Our results show that the nutraceutical solution was able to decrease apoptosis and histologic injury. The suggested mechanisms of action are a reduction in gene expression and the caspase-3 protein and a reduction in the TNF-α protein in liver tissue. The nutraceutical solution was unable to decrease transaminases and cytokines. These findings suggest that the nutraceuticals used favored the protection of hepatocytes, and their combination represents a promising therapeutic proposal against liver IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andrés Pantanali
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Rocha-Santos
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Saldanha Kubrusly
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Inar Alves Castro
- LADAF, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Carneiro-D'Albuquerque
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Galvão
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
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Chen R, Qiu K, Han G, Kundu BK, Ding G, Sun Y, Diao J. Quantifying cell viability through organelle ratiometric probing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538448. [PMID: 37163053 PMCID: PMC10168353 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Detecting cell viability is crucial in research involving the precancerous discovery of abnormal cells, the evaluation of treatments, and drug toxicity testing. Although conventional methods afford cumulative results regarding cell viability based on a great number of cells, they do not permit investigating cell viability at the single-cell level. In response, we rationally designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, PCV-1, to visualize cell viability under the super-resolution technology of structured illumination microscopy. Given its sensitivity to mitochondrial membrane potential and affinity to DNA, PCV-1's ability to stain mitochondria and nucleoli was observed in live and dead cells, respectively. During cell injury induced by drug treatment, PCV-1's migration from mitochondria to the nucleolus was dynamically visualized at the single-cell level. By extension, harnessing PCV-1's excellent photostability and signal-to-noise ratio and by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the two organelles, mitochondria and nucleoli, we developed a powerful analytical assay named organelle ratiometric probing (ORP) that we applied to quantitatively analyze and efficiently assess the viability of individual cells, thereby enabling deeper insights into the potential mechanisms of cell death. In ORP analysis with PCV-1, we identified 0.3 as the cutoff point for assessing whether adding a given drug will cause apparent cytotoxicity, which greatly expands the probe's applicability. To the best of our knowledge, PCV-1 is the first probe to allow visualizing cell death and cell injury under super-resolution imaging, and our proposed analytical assay using it paves the way for quantifying cell viability at the single-cell level.
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7
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Mao B, Yuan W, Wu F, Yan Y, Wang B. Autophagy in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:115. [PMID: 37019879 PMCID: PMC10076300 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major complication of liver resection or liver transplantation that can seriously affect patient's prognosis. There is currently no definitive and effective treatment strategy for HIRI. Autophagy is an intracellular self-digestion pathway initiated to remove damaged organelles and proteins, which maintains cell survival, differentiation, and homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the regulation of HIRI. Numerous drugs and treatments can change the outcome of HIRI by controlling the pathways of autophagy. This review mainly discusses the occurrence and development of autophagy, the selection of experimental models for HIRI, and the specific regulatory pathways of autophagy in HIRI. Autophagy has considerable potential in the treatment of HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benliang Mao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bailin Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Le TV, Phan-Thi HT, Huynh-Thi MX, Dang TM, Holterman AXL, Grassi G, Nguyen-Luu TU, Truong NH. Autophagy Inhibitor Chloroquine Downmodulates Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Damage in Bile-Duct-Ligated Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1025. [PMID: 37048098 PMCID: PMC10092998 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via the autophagy pathway is a critical factor in liver fibrogenesis. This study tests the hypothesis that chloroquine (CQ) treatment can prevent autophagy and HSC activation in vitro and in vivo in bile-duct-ligated (BDL) mice. Sham-operated and BDL mice were treated with either PBS or CQ in two 60 mg/kg doses the day (D) before and after surgery. On day 2 (2D), HSCs were isolated, and their biological activities were evaluated by measuring intracellular lipid content, α-sma/collagen, and expression of autophagy lc3, sqstm1/p62 markers. The treatment efficacy on liver function was evaluated with serum albumin, transaminases (AST/ALT), and hepatic histology. Primary HSCs were treated in vitro for 24 h with CQ at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 30, and 50 µM. Autophagy and HSC activation were assessed after 2D of treatment. CQ treatment improved serum AST/ALT, albumin, and bile duct proliferation in 2D BDL mice. This is associated with a suppression of HSC activation, shown by higher HSC lipid content and collagen I staining, along with the blockage of HSC autophagy indicated by an increase in p62 level and reduction in lc3 staining. CQ 5 µM inhibited autophagy in primary HSCs in vitro by increasing p62 and lc3 accumulation, thereby suppressing their in vitro activation. The autophagy inhibitor CQ reduced HSC activation in vitro and in vivo. CQ improved liver function and reduced liver injury in BDL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Van Le
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.V.L.)
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hong-Thuy Phan-Thi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.V.L.)
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - My-Xuan Huynh-Thi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.V.L.)
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Minh Dang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.V.L.)
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ai Xuan Le Holterman
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Thao-Uyen Nguyen-Luu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.V.L.)
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Hai Truong
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Babataheri S, Malekinejad H, Mosarrezaii A, Soraya H. Pre-treatment or post-treatment with hydroxychloroquine demonstrates neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:589-598. [PMID: 36433900 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition and is one of the principal reasons for death and disabilities worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and the timing of its administration in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. A global I/R model was used, and HCQ was administered in either pre- or post-treatment doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Effects of HCQ on infarct size, histological changes, oxidative stress, and learning and memory were evaluated. Phospho-AMPK and SQSTM1/p62 protein levels were also measured to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. HCQ in both pre- (at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg) or post-treatment (at a dose of 50 mg/kg) protocols reduces brain infarct size and histopathological changes and improves learning and memory after cerebral I/R. Pre-treatment with HCQ reduced AMPK activity with no significant effect on SQSTM1/p62 increment. Post-treatment with HCQ increased AMPK activity and SQSTM1/p62 protein levels. Our results show the neuroprotective effects of HCQ on cerebral I/R through the reduction in infarct size, histopathological changes, and improvement in memory and learning functions. Moreover, AMPK and autophagy may play a role in this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Babataheri
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arash Mosarrezaii
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamid Soraya
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Gamea GA, Elmehy DA, Salama AM, Soliman NA, Afifi OK, Elkaliny HH, Abo El gheit RE, El-Ebiary AA, Tahoon DM, Elkholy RA, Shoeib SM, Eleryan MA, Younis SS. Direct and indirect antiparasitic effects of chloroquine against the virulent RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii: An experimental study. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106508. [PMID: 35568067 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is a deleterious parasitic disease with harmful impact on both humans and animals. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antiparasitic effect of chloroquine (CQ), spiramycin (SP), and combination of both against the highly virulent RH HXGPRT (-) strain of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and to explore the mechanisms underlying such effect. METHODS We counted the tachyzoites in the peritoneal fluid and liver smears of mice and performed scanning and transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining of tachyzoites. Moreover, relative caspase 3 gene expression was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction of liver tissues and immunoassay of anti-apoptotic markers [B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and X-chromosome linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)] and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) was done in liver tissues by ELISA. In addition, we estimated serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and performed histopathological examination of liver sections for scoring of inflammation. RESULTS We found that both CQ and CQ/SP combination significantly reduced parasitic load in the peritoneal fluid and liver smears, induced apical disruption of tachyzoites, triggered host cell apoptosis through elevation of relative caspase 3 gene expression and suppression of both Bcl-2 and XIAP. Also, they upregulated IFN-γ level, reduced serum AST and ALT, and ameliorated liver inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Either of CQ and CQ/SP combination was more effective than SP alone against T. gondii with the CQ/SP combination being more efficient. Therefore, adding CQ to other anti-Toxoplasma therapeutic regimens may be considered in future research.
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Zou SF, Peng YH, Zheng CM, Fei YX, Zhao SW, Sun HP, Yang JF. Octreotide ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury through SNHG12/TAF15-mediated Sirt1 stabilization and YAP1 transcription. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 442:115975. [PMID: 35307376 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Le TV, Dinh NBT, Dang MT, Phan NCL, Dang LTT, Grassi G, Holterman AXL, Le HM, Truong NH. Effects of autophagy inhibition by chloroquine on hepatic stellate cell activation in CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:216-224. [PMID: 34713488 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, a critical event in liver fibrosis, has been recently shown to be related to autophagy. Determine whether chloroquine (CQ) could affect (i) the activation of HSC in vivo and (ii) the hepatic damage in a mice acute liver injury model. METHODS The acute liver injury was induced in BALB/c mice by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 group); 24 h before and after CCl4 administration animals were treated by CQ (CCl4 + CQ group). As control, mice treated by olive oil were considered. After 48 h from CCl4 /olive oil administration, blood samples, liver tissues, and HSCs were harvested for analysis. RESULTS In vivo, CQ attenuates CCl4 -induced acute liver damage as evidenced by (i) the reduction of liver enlargement, (ii) the reduction of liver swelling and necrosis also supported by a certain decrease of circulating transaminases level, and (iii) the reduction of liver fibrosis evaluated by collagen deposition and α-sma protein expression. In HSCs isolated from CQ treated group, we observed the inhibition of autophagy proved by the increase in p62 protein and the decrease of lc3 protein. In addition, CQ reduced the expression of the HSCs activation markers α-sma/collagen-I and down-regulated the expression of the proliferative marker ki67. CONCLUSION The autophagy attenuation exerted by CQ together with the reduction of the expression of the proliferation marker in HSCs can lessen the acute liver damage potentially opening the way to novel therapeutic approaches for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Van Le
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Bao Thi Dinh
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- International University, VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thanh Dang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhan Chinh Lu Phan
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Stem cell Institute, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loan Tung Thi Dang
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ai Xuan Le Holterman
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huy Minh Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Hai Truong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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13
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Sima AR. Hydroxychloroquine's Probable Protective Effect in Liver injury among the COVID-19 Patients. Middle East J Dig Dis 2021; 13:80-81. [PMID: 34712444 PMCID: PMC8531938 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2021.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Sima
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Wang S, Yang Y, Luo D, Zhai L, Bai Y, Wei W, Sun Q, Jia L. Bisphenol A increases TLR4-mediated inflammatory response by up-regulation of autophagy-related protein in lung of adolescent mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128837. [PMID: 33187652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we found that bisphenol A (BPA) aggravated OVA-induced lung inflammation. The aim of this research was to determine whether BPA exposure alone also induced inflammatory response in the lungs, which mechanism was associated with TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation of mTOR-mediated autophagy. Female C57BL/6 mice aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into three groups (10/group): control group, 0.1 and 0.2 μg mL-1 BPA groups. BPA induced the pathological changes in the lung and increased the levels of cytokines and inflammatory cells, as well as affected autophagy related proteins expression. In addition, the RAW264.7 cell culture experiment was conducted in order to confirm the role of autophagy. We found that BPA can enhance autophagy flux by enhancing autophagosome formation. It was further confirmed the details of the mechanism of action with chloroquine (CQ, a compound that inhibits the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes) intervention. The inhibition of autophagy led to down-regulation of expression levels associated with inflammation. This research results indicated that BPA induced inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanism may be related to TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation of mTOR-mediated autophagy. After autophagy was suppressed, the inflammatory response also weakened. Our findings provide a new perspective into the mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses induced by the environmental exposure. These findings indicate that therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy may provide a new method for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Yilong Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
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15
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Kouroumalis E, Voumvouraki A, Augoustaki A, Samonakis DN. Autophagy in liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:6-65. [PMID: 33584986 PMCID: PMC7856864 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the liver cell energy recycling system regulating a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. Damaged organelles, lipids and proteins are degraded in the lysosomes and their elements are re-used by the cell. Investigations on autophagy have led to the award of two Nobel Prizes and a health of important reports. In this review we describe the fundamental functions of autophagy in the liver including new data on the regulation of autophagy. Moreover we emphasize the fact that autophagy acts like a two edge sword in many occasions with the most prominent paradigm being its involvement in the initiation and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also focused to the implication of autophagy and its specialized forms of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. We analyzed autophagy not only in well studied diseases, like alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis but also in viral hepatitis, biliary diseases, autoimmune hepatitis and rare diseases including inherited metabolic diseases and also acetaminophene hepatotoxicity. We also stressed the different consequences that activation or impairment of autophagy may have in hepatocytes as opposed to Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells or hepatic stellate cells. Finally, we analyzed the limited clinical data compared to the extensive experimental evidence and the possible future therapeutic interventions based on autophagy manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Liver Research Laboratory, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Argryro Voumvouraki
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Augoustaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
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16
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Dutta RK, Maharjan Y, Lee JN, Park C, Ho YS, Park R. Catalase deficiency induces reactive oxygen species mediated pexophagy and cell death in the liver during prolonged fasting. Biofactors 2021; 47:112-125. [PMID: 33496364 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles that participate in a diverse array of cellular processes, including β-oxidation, which produces a considerable amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although we showed that catalase depletion induces ROS-mediated pexophagy in cells, the effect of catalase deficiency during conditions that favor ROS generation remains elusive in mice. In this study, we reported that prolonged fasting in catalase-knockout (KO) mice drastically increased ROS production, which induced liver-specific pexophagy, an autophagic degradation of peroxisomes. In addition, increased ROS generation induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver tissues of catalase-KO mice. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase as well as apparent cell death in the liver of catalase-KO mice during prolonged fasting. However, an intra-peritoneal injection of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine inhibited the inflammatory response, liver damage, and pexophagy in the liver of catalase-KO mice during prolonged fasting. Consistently, genetic ablation of autophagy, Atg5 led to suppression of pexophagy during catalase inhibition by 3-aminotriazole (3AT). Moreover, treatment with chloroquine also ameliorated the inflammatory response and cell death in embryonic fibroblast cells from catalase-KO mice. Taken together, our data suggest that ROS-mediated liver-specific pexophagy observed during prolonged fasting in catalase-KO mice may be responsible for the process associated with hepatic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghbendra Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunash Maharjan
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Channy Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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17
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Yan B, Luo J, Kaltenmeier C, Du Q, Stolz DB, Loughran P, Yan Y, Cui X, Geller DA. Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 (IRF1) activates autophagy to promote liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting β-catenin in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239119. [PMID: 33137133 PMCID: PMC7605671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important factor in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the current study we investigate the function of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) in regulating autophagy to promote hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IR). The high expression of IRF1 during hepatic IR exhibited increased liver damage and was associated with activation of autophagy shown by Western blot markers, as well as immunofluorescent staining for autophagosomes. These effects were diminished by IRF1 deficiency in IRF1 knock out (KO) mice. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA decreased IR-induced liver necrosis and markedly abrogated the rise in liver injury tests (AST/ALT). β-catenin expression decreased during liver IR and was increased in the IRF1 KO mice. Immunoprecipitation assay showed the binding between IRF1 and β-catenin. Overexpression of IRF1 induced autophagy and also inhibited the expression of β-catenin. β-catenin inhibitor increased autophagy while β-catenin agonist suppressed autophagy in primary mouse hepatocytes. These results indicate that IRF1 induced autophagy aggravates hepatic IR injury in part by inhibiting β-catenin and suggests that targeting IRF1 may be an effective strategy in reducing hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Christof Kaltenmeier
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yihe Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - David A. Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Cicco S, Cicco G, Racanelli V, Vacca A. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): Two Potential Targets for COVID-19 Treatment. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7527953. [PMID: 32724296 PMCID: PMC7366221 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7527953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that mostly affects the respiratory system. The consequent inflammation is not able to clear viruses. The persistent excessive inflammatory response can build up a clinical picture that is very difficult to manage and potentially fatal. Modulating the immune response plays a key role in fighting the disease. One of the main defence systems is the activation of neutrophils that release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) under the stimulus of autophagy. Various molecules can induce NETosis and autophagy; some potent activators are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and, in particular, the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This molecule is released by damaged lung cells and can induce a robust innate immunity response. The increase in HMGB1 and NETosis could lead to sustained inflammation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, blocking these molecules might be useful in COVID-19 treatment and should be further studied in the context of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
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19
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De Francesco EM, Vella V, Belfiore A. COVID-19 and Diabetes: The Importance of Controlling RAGE. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:526. [PMID: 32760352 PMCID: PMC7375019 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonino Belfiore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, and ARNAS Garibaldi, P.O. Garibaldi-Nesima, Catania, Italy
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20
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Malek MR, Ahmadian S, Dehpour AR, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Shafizadeh M, Kashani-Amin E. Investigating the role of endogenous opioid system in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis in rat liver by morphological, biochemical and molecular modelling studies. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1575-1583. [PMID: 32367550 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) is characterized by phospholipid storage in the lysosomes of affected tissues. Many severe effects and toxicities have been linked to DIPL. The aim of this study was to determine whether the endogenous opioid system is involved in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis. The effect of naltrexone as an antagonist of opioid receptors in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis in rat liver was investigated by morphological, biochemical, and molecular modelling studies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that morphological characteristic changes of rat liver, including the number of lamellar bodies, grade of vacuolization and cell steatosis, were markedly attenuated in rats treated with naltrexone alone or in combination with chloroquine, in comparison with chloroquine-treated rats. The results of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) showed that the concentrations of phenylacetylglycine (PAG) and hippuric acid (HA) were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in target groups. Besides, the concentration ratio of PAG/HA was significantly decreased. Spectrophotometry resulted in a notable decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in target groups. The results from the molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies demonstrated clear chloroquine interaction with the active site cavity of the µ opioid receptor. These data suggest that administration of naltrexone alone, or in combination with chloroquine, notably attenuates the side effects of chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis, as well as demonstrating an increased probability of the endogenous opioid system involvement in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Malek
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shafizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kashani-Amin
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Zhang YP, Cui QY, Zhang TM, Yi Y, Nie JJ, Xie GH, Wu JH. Chloroquine pretreatment attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain of ob/ob diabetic mice as well as wildtype mice. Brain Res 2020; 1726:146518. [PMID: 31647899 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine, a prototype anti-malaria drug, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, chloroquine pretreatment could improve DNA damage repair. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that chloroquine pretreatment could attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain. Considering the fact that chloroquine could also improve glucose metabolism, we speculated that the potential effects of chloroquine on ischemia/reperfusion injury might be particularly pronounced in diabetic mice. In this study, chloroquine pretreatment protected neurons from Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (OGD) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In vivo, Ob/ob mice and wildtype (WT) mice were pretreated with chloroquine for 3 weeks. Then, ischemic stroke was induced by 60 min Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO). We found that chloroquine pretreatment normalized blood glucose in diabetic ob/ob mice, and reduced cerebral damage after ischemic stroke especially for diabetic mice. In addition, chloroquine pretreatment reduced High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum and lowered myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and inflammatory cytokines gene expression both in the ob/ob diabetic mice and WT mice. Moreover, harmful DNA damage-signaling responses, including PARP activation and p53 activation, were also attenuated by chloroquine pretreatment in these two kinds of mice. In conclusion, chloroquine pretreatment could reduce cerebral damage after ischemic stroke especially in diabetic mice through multiple mechanisms, which include reducing neural cell DNA injury, restoring euglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects. The findings may provide potential for the development of chloroquine in the prevention and treatment of stroke in diabetic high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Pei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yao Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun-Jie Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Hui Xie
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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22
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Ventura PDS, Carvalho CPF, Barros NMT, Martins-Silva L, Dantas EO, Martinez C, Melo PMS, Pesquero JB, Carmona AK, Nagaoka MR, Gazarini ML. Malaria infection promotes a selective expression of kinin receptors in murine liver. Malar J 2019; 18:213. [PMID: 31234939 PMCID: PMC6591901 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria represents a worldwide medical emergency affecting mainly poor areas. Plasmodium parasites during blood stages can release kinins to the extracellular space after internalization of host kininogen inside erythrocytes and these released peptides could represent an important mechanism in liver pathophysiology by activation of calcium signaling pathway in endothelial cells of vertebrate host. Receptors (B1 and B2) activated by kinins peptides are important elements for the control of haemodynamics in liver and its physiology. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the liver host responses (i.e. kinin receptors expression and localization) and the effect of ACE inhibition during malaria infection using a murine model. METHODS Balb/C mice infected by Plasmodium chabaudi were treated with captopril, an angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used alone or in association with the anti-malarial chloroquine in order to study the effect of ACE inhibition on mice survival and the activation of liver responses involving B1R and B2R signaling pathways. The kinin receptors (B1R and B2R) expression and localization was analysed in liver by western blotting and immunolocalization in different conditions. RESULTS It was verified that captopril treatment caused host death during the peak of malaria infection (parasitaemia about 45%). B1R expression was stimulated in endothelial cells of sinusoids and other blood vessels of mice liver infected by P. chabaudi. At the same time, it was also demonstrated that B1R knockout mice infected presented a significant reduction of survival. However, the infection did not alter the B2R levels and localization in liver blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS Thus, it was observed through in vivo studies that the vasodilation induced by plasma ACE inhibition increases mice mortality during P. chabaudi infection. Besides, it was also seen that the anti-malarial chloroquine causes changes in B1R expression in liver, even after days of parasite clearance. The differential expression of B1R and B2R in liver during malaria infection may have an important role in the disease pathophysiology and represents an issue for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla D S Ventura
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Carolina P F Carvalho
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Nilana M T Barros
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson O Dantas
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Martinez
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Pollyana M S Melo
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João B Pesquero
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana K Carmona
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Nagaoka
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Gazarini
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Lab 329, 3ºandar, Vila Mathias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil.
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Beal EW, Kim JL, Reader BF, Akateh C, Maynard K, Washburn WK, Zweier JL, Whitson BA, Black SM. [D-Ala 2, D-Leu 5] Enkephalin Improves Liver Preservation During Normothermic Ex Vivo Perfusion. J Surg Res 2019; 241:323-335. [PMID: 31071481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meeting the metabolic demands of donor livers using normothermic ex vivo liver perfusion (NEVLP) preservation technology is challenging. The delta opioid agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) has been reported to decrease the metabolic demand in models of ischemia and cold preservation. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of DADLE by investigating its ability to protect against oxidative stress and hepatic injury during normothermic perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary rat hepatocytes were used in an in vitro model of oxidative stress to determine the minimum dose of DADLE needed to induce protection and the mechanisms associated with protection. NEVLP was then used to induce injury in rat livers and determine the effectiveness of DADLE in preventing liver injury. RESULTS In hepatocytes, DADLE was protective against oxidative stress and led to a decrease in phosphorylation of JNK and p38. Naltrindole, a δ-opioid receptor antagonist, blocked this effect. DADLE also activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and PI3K/Akt inhibition decreased the protective effects of DADLE treatment. In addition, DADLE treatment during NEVLP resulted in lower perfusate alanine aminotransferase and tissue malondialdehyde and better tissue adenosine triphosphate and glutathione. Furthermore, perfusion with DADLE compared with perfusate alone preserved tissue architecture. CONCLUSIONS DADLE confers protection against oxidative stress in hepatocytes and during NEVLP. These data suggest that the mechanism of protection involved the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction by opioid receptor signaling and subsequent increased expression of prosurvival/antiapoptotic signaling pathways. Altogether, data suggest that opioid receptor agonism may serve as therapeutic target for improved liver protection during NEVLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza W Beal
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jung-Lye Kim
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brenda F Reader
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center Comprehensive Transplant Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Clifford Akateh
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katelyn Maynard
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - W Kenneth Washburn
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center Comprehensive Transplant Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bryan A Whitson
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center Comprehensive Transplant Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sylvester M Black
- The COPPER Laboratory, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center Comprehensive Transplant Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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24
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Zhou B, Kreuzer J, Kumsta C, Wu L, Kamer KJ, Cedillo L, Zhang Y, Li S, Kacergis MC, Webster CM, Fejes-Toth G, Naray-Fejes-Toth A, Das S, Hansen M, Haas W, Soukas AA. Mitochondrial Permeability Uncouples Elevated Autophagy and Lifespan Extension. Cell 2019; 177:299-314.e16. [PMID: 30929899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is required in diverse paradigms of lifespan extension, leading to the prevailing notion that autophagy is beneficial for longevity. However, why autophagy is harmful in certain contexts remains unexplained. Here, we show that mitochondrial permeability defines the impact of autophagy on aging. Elevated autophagy unexpectedly shortens lifespan in C. elegans lacking serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase-1 (sgk-1) because of increased mitochondrial permeability. In sgk-1 mutants, reducing levels of autophagy or mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening restores normal lifespan. Remarkably, low mitochondrial permeability is required across all paradigms examined of autophagy-dependent lifespan extension. Genetically induced mPTP opening blocks autophagy-dependent lifespan extension resulting from caloric restriction or loss of germline stem cells. Mitochondrial permeability similarly transforms autophagy into a destructive force in mammals, as liver-specific Sgk knockout mice demonstrate marked enhancement of hepatocyte autophagy, mPTP opening, and death with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Targeting mitochondrial permeability may maximize benefits of autophagy in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Johannes Kreuzer
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caroline Kumsta
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lianfeng Wu
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kimberli J Kamer
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lucydalila Cedillo
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael C Kacergis
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christopher M Webster
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Geza Fejes-Toth
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Aniko Naray-Fejes-Toth
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- MGH Biomedical Informatics Core and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alexander A Soukas
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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25
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Liu T, Han Y, Lv W, Qi P, Liu W, Cheng Y, Yu J, Liu Y. GSK-3β mediates ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating autophagy in DCD liver allografts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:640-656. [PMID: 31933870 PMCID: PMC6945083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of autophagy in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and determine whether glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) plays an important role in autophagy, a donors of cardiac death (DCD) liver transplantation model was established to observe the expression of GSK-3β and autophagy in hepatocytes during liver IRI. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were used to detect expression of the autophagy markers, LC3 and p62, as well as study the expression of GSK-3β and AMPK. Serum enzymology changes were analyzed at different times after liver transplantation. Hypoxia-reoxygenation methods were used to mimic the process of ischemia-reperfusion injury in cultured hepatocytes. In DCD liver transplantation with a prolonged reperfusion time, LC3 expression increased, whereas p62 decreased. GSK-3β and AMPK expression in the transplanted liver tissue were consistent with changes in autophagy, ALT, and AST. In summary, inactive GSK-3β reduced liver IRI, promoted hepatocyte autophagy, and improved hepatocyte activity. Therefore, GSK-3β may regulate autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of No. 1 Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in LiaoningShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Pathology of No. 1 Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and InstituteNumber 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Pan Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of No. 1 Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in LiaoningShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wenshi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of No. 1 Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in LiaoningShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of No. 1 Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in LiaoningShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jianan Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of No. 1 Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in LiaoningShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of No. 1 Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in LiaoningShenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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26
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Dai C, Xiao X, Li D, Tun S, Wang Y, Velkov T, Tang S. Chloroquine ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice via the concomitant inhibition of inflammation and induction of apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1164. [PMID: 30478280 PMCID: PMC6255886 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of CQ on acute liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in a murine model and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Ninety-six mice were randomly divided into the control (n = 8), CQ (n = 8), CCl4 (n = 40), and CCl4 + CQ (n = 40) treatment groups. In the CCl4 group, mice were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with 0.3% CCl4 (10 mL/kg, dissolved in olive oil); in the CCl4 + CQ group, mice were i.p injected with CQ at 50 mg/kg at 2, 24, and 48 h before CCl4 administration. The mice in the control and CQ groups were administered with an equal vehicle or CQ (50 mg/kg). Mice were killed at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 h post CCl4 treatment and their livers were harvested for analysis. The results showed that CQ pre-treatment markedly inhibited CCl4-induced acute liver injury, which was evidenced by decreased serum transaminase, aspartate transaminase and lower histological scores of liver injury. CQ pretreatment downregulated the CCl4-induced hepatic tissue expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the levels of serum HMGB1 as well as IL-6 and TNF-α. Furthermore, CQ pre-treatment inhibited autophagy, downregulated NF-kB expression, upregulated p53 expression, increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and increased the activation of caspase-3 in hepatic tissue. This is the first study to demonstrate that CQ ameliorates CCl4-induced acute liver injury via the inhibition of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses and the stimulation of pro-apoptotic pathways to modulate the apoptotic and inflammatory responses associated with progress of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xilong Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Daowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Sun Tun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia. .,Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Shusheng Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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27
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Autophagy and Akt in the protective effect of erythropoietin helix B surface peptide against hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14703. [PMID: 30279567 PMCID: PMC6168561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Helix B surface peptide (HBSP) is an erythropoietin (EPO)-derived peptide that protects tissue from the risks of elevated blood pressure and thrombosis. This study focused on the protection of HBSP in hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) by enhancing the level of autophagy. In detail, we randomly divided C57BL/6 mice into sham-operated, hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), I/R + HBSP, I/R + HBSP + 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor), I/R + HBSP + rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), and I/R + HBSP + Ly294002 (Akt inhibitor) groups. We assessed alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in mouse sera, and performed haematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, and western blotting on liver tissue to detect the degree of liver injury, liver apoptosis, autophagy, and the expression of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (Map1lc3, or LC3), Beclin 1, phospho-mTOR, mTOR, phospho-Akt (P-Akt), and Akt. HBSP relieved hepatic I/R injury in a concentration-independent manner. The expression of LC3II, LC3I, and Beclin 1, and the formation of autophagosomes, in the I/R + HBSP group were higher than those in the I/R group. The protective effects of HBSP were abolished by 3-methyladenine and, to a lesser extent, Ly294002, but enhanced by rapamycin. Furthermore, In vivo, HBSP also protected against hypoxia injury induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) through improving the level of autophagy. Therefore, HBSP protected against hepatic I/R injury, mainly via regulating autophagy by targeting mTOR.
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28
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Wang X, Song X, Si Y, Xia J, Wang B, Wang P. Effect of autophagy-associated proteins on the arecoline-induced liver injury in mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3041-3049. [PMID: 30214523 PMCID: PMC6125830 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arecoline can be used to treat diseases including glaucoma and tapeworm infection, however, long-term administration can cause severe adverse effects, including oral submucosal fibrosis, oral cancer, hepatic injury and liver cancer. Autophagy serves a role in these injuries. The present study established a mouse model of arecoline-induced hepatic injury and investigated the role of autophagy-associated proteins in this injury. The results indicated that the expression levels of the autophagy marker protein microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (MAP1LC3B) and autophagy-promoting protein beclin 1 were elevated in the injured hepatic cells, while the expression levels of a well-known negative regulator of autophagy, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), were reduced. Following treatment of the hepatic injury with glutathione, the liver function improved and liver damage was reduced effectively. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of both MAP1LC3B and beclin 1 were significantly upregulated in the glutathione-treated mice, but the expression of mTOR was significantly downregulated. It may be concluded that in the process of protecting against arecoline-induced hepatic injury, glutathione cooperates with mTOR and beclin 1 to accelerate autophagy, maintaining stable cell morphology and cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Song
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Youjiao Si
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Jikai Xia
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
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29
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Wang X, Wang S, Zhou Y, Obulkasim H, Zhang ZH, Dai B, Zhu W, Shi XL. BM‑MSCs protect against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via HO‑1 mediated autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2253-2262. [PMID: 29956785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is considered to be a contributing factor in liver injury following major hepatic resection or liver transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‑MSCs) have the potential to protect against liver I/R injury; however, the precise mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Autophagy serves an important role in protecting against various injuries, including I/R injury. The present study aimed to determine the role of autophagy and its potential regulatory mechanism in BM‑MSC‑mediated protection against liver I/R injury in rats. The results demonstrated that BM‑MSCs mitigated I/R injury and enhanced autophagy in vivo. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by 3‑methyladenine reversed the positive effects of BM‑MSCs. Furthermore, heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) expression was promoted by BM‑MSCs. Using zinc protoporphyrin IX to inhibit HO‑1 demonstrated that HO‑1 was important for the promotion of autophagy. In conclusion, the present study revealed that BM‑MSCs protected against liver I/R injury via the promotion of HO‑1‑mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Halmurat Obulkasim
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Heng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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30
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Lei Z, Deng M, Yi Z, Sun Q, Shapiro RA, Xu H, Li T, Loughran PA, Griepentrog JE, Huang H, Scott MJ, Huang F, Billiar TR. cGAS-mediated autophagy protects the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury independently of STING. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G655-G667. [PMID: 29446653 PMCID: PMC6032062 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00326.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs through induction of oxidative stress and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including cytosolic DNA released from dysfunctional mitochondria or from the nucleus. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor known to trigger stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and downstream type 1 interferon (IFN-I) pathways, which are pivotal innate immune system responses to pathogen. However, little is known about the role of cGAS/STING in liver I/R injury. We subjected C57BL/6 (WT), cGAS knockout (cGAS-/-), and STING-deficient (STINGgt/gt) mice to warm liver I/R injury and that found cGAS-/- mice had significantly increased liver injury compared with WT or STINGgt/gt mice, suggesting a protective effect of cGAS independent of STING. Liver I/R upregulated cGAS in vivo and also in vitro in hepatocytes subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R). We confirmed a previously published finding that hepatocytes do not express STING under normoxic conditions or after A/R. Hepatocytes and liver from cGAS-/- mice had increased cell death and reduced induction of autophagy under hypoxic conditions as well as increased apoptosis. Protection could be restored in cGAS-/- hepatocytes by overexpression of cGAS or by pretreatment of mice with autophagy inducer rapamycin. Our findings indicate a novel protective role for cGAS in the regulation of autophagy during liver I/R injury that occurs independently of STING. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our studies are the first to document the important role of cGAS in the acute setting of sterile injury induced by I/R. Specifically, we provide evidence that cGAS protects liver from I/R injury in a STING-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lei
- 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Meihong Deng
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhongjie Yi
- 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qian Sun
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard A. Shapiro
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongbo Xu
- 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tunliang Li
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia A. Loughran
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,4Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Hai Huang
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,3Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie J. Scott
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,3Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Feizhou Huang
- 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,3Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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31
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Tang TT, Lv LL, Pan MM, Wen Y, Wang B, Li ZL, Wu M, Wang FM, Crowley SD, Liu BC. Hydroxychloroquine attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting cathepsin mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:351. [PMID: 29500339 PMCID: PMC5834539 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), which complicates the post-operative outcomes of large numbers of hospitalized surgical patients. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a well-known anti-malarial drug, is commonly used in clinical practice for its anti-inflammatory actions. However, little is known about its role in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the current study, mice were subjected to I/R injury and HCQ was administered for seven days by gavage prior to surgery. In parallel, HK-2 human renal proximal tubule cells were prophylactically treated with HCQ and then were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The results showed that HCQ significantly attenuated renal dysfunction evidenced by blunted decreases in serum creatinine and kidney injury molecular-1 expression and the improvement of HK-2 cell viability. Additionally, HCQ markedly reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mechanistic studies showed that HCQ could inhibit the priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome by down-regulating I/R or H/R-induced NF-κB signaling. Moreover, HCQ reduced cathepsin (CTS) B, CTSD and CTSL activity, and their redistribution from lysosomes to cytoplasm. CTSB and CTSL (not CTSD) were implicated in I/R triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, we found that HCQ attenuated renal injury through downregulation of CTSB and CTSL-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This study provides new insights into the anti-inflammatory effect of HCQ in the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming-Ming Pan
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Mei Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Steve D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Chen Y, Lv L, Pi H, Qin W, Chen J, Guo D, Lin J, Chi X, Jiang Z, Yang H, Jiang Y. Dihydromyricetin protects against liver ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis via activation of FOXO3a-mediated autophagy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76508-76522. [PMID: 27793014 PMCID: PMC5363527 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by defective liver autophagy accompanied by alterations to the endogenous defense system. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a natural flavonoid that demonstrates a wide range of physiological functions, and has been implicated as a regulator of autophagy. This study investigates the protective effects of DHM pretreatment on liver injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and elucidates the potential mechanism of DHM-mediated protection. Mice were subjected to 60 minutes of ischemia followed by 5 hours of reperfusion. DHM (100 mg/kg bw/day) or the vehicle was administered daily by gavage 7 days before ischemia and immediately before reperfusion. In this study, DHM markedly decreased serum aminotransferase activity and inhibited liver I/R -stimulated apoptosis. Moreover, DHM exerted hepatoprotective effects by upregulating mRNA levels of various essential autophagy-related genes including ATG5, ATG12, BECN1, and LC3. Autophagy inhibitor chloroquine or Atg5 knockdown blocked DHM -mediated elevation in liver function. Specifically, DHM significantly increased FOXO3a expression, and enhanced FOXO3a nuclear translocation and Ser588 phosphorylation modification. Importantly, the inhibition of FOXO3a with FOXO3a-siRNA in mice decreased DHM-induced autophagy-related genes and diminished the protective effects of DHM against liver I/R injury. In summary, these findings identify DHM as a novel hepatoprotective small molecule by elevating FOXO3a expression and nuclear translocation, stimulating autophagy-related genes and suppressing liver I/R-induced apoptosis, suggesting FOXO3a may have therapeutic value in liver cell protection in liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lizhi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijia Qin
- The 517th Hospital of PLA, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dengfang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian, China
| | - Jianyu Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobing Chi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhelong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hejun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Gupta SS, Zeglinski MR, Rattan SG, Landry NM, Ghavami S, Wigle JT, Klonisch T, Halayko AJ, Dixon IMC. Inhibition of autophagy inhibits the conversion of cardiac fibroblasts to cardiac myofibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78516-78531. [PMID: 27705938 PMCID: PMC5346657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure with concomitant cardiac fibrosis is very high in developed countries. Fibroblast activation in heart is causal to cardiac fibrosis as they convert to hypersynthetic cardiac myofibroblasts. There is no known treatment for cardiac fibrosis. Myofibroblasts contribute to the inappropriate remodeling of the myocardial interstitium, which leads to reduced cardiac function and ultimately heart failure. Elevated levels of autophagy have been linked to stress-induced ventricular remodeling and other cardiac diseases. Previously, we had shown that TGF-β1 treatment of human atrial fibroblasts both induced autophagy and enhanced the fibrogenic response supporting a linkage between the myofibroblast phenotype and autophagy. We now demonstrate that with in vitro culture of primary rat cardiac fibroblasts, inhibition of autophagy represses fibroblast to myofibroblast phenoconversion. Culturing unpassaged cardiac fibroblasts for 72 hours on plastic tissue culture plates is associated with elevated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. This activation parallels increased microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC-3β II) protein expression. Inhibition of autophagy with bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1) and chloroquine (CQ) in cardiac fibroblasts significantly reduces α-SMA and extracellular domain A fibronectin (ED-A FN) protein vs untreated controls. Myofibroblast cell migration and contractility were significantly reduced following inhibition of autophagy. These data support the possibility of a causal link between cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast phenoconversion and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivika S Gupta
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew R Zeglinski
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sunil G Rattan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Natalie M Landry
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Eppensteiner J, Davis RP, Barbas AS, Kwun J, Lee J. Immunothrombotic Activity of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Extracellular Vesicles in Secondary Organ Failure Induced by Trauma and Sterile Insults. Front Immunol 2018; 9:190. [PMID: 29472928 PMCID: PMC5810426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in injury prevention and emergency response, injury-related death and morbidity continues to increase in the US and worldwide. Patients with trauma, invasive operations, anti-cancer treatment, and organ transplantation produce a host of danger signals and high levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic mediators, such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). DAMPs (e.g., nucleic acids, histone, high-mobility group box 1 protein, and S100) are molecules released from injured, stressed, or activated cells that act as endogenous ligands of innate immune receptors, whereas EVs (e.g., microparticle and exosome) are membranous vesicles budding off from plasma membranes and act as messengers between cells. DAMPs and EVs can stimulate multiple innate immune signaling pathways and coagulation cascades, and uncontrolled DAMP and EV production causes systemic inflammatory and thrombotic complications and secondary organ failure (SOF). Thus, DAMPs and EVs represent potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for SOF. High plasma levels of DAMPs and EVs have been positively correlated with mortality and morbidity of patients or animals with trauma or surgical insults. Blocking or neutralizing DAMPs using antibodies or small molecules has been demonstrated to ameliorate sepsis and SOF in animal models. Furthermore, a membrane immobilized with nucleic acid-binding polymers captured and removed multiple DAMPs and EVs from extracellular fluids, thereby preventing the onset of DAMP- and EV-induced inflammatory and thrombotic complications in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge of DAMPs, EVs, and SOF and discuss potential therapeutics and preventive intervention for organ failure secondary to trauma, surgery, anti-cancer therapy, and allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew S Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jaewoo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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35
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Han YF, Zhao YB, Li J, Li L, Li YG, Li SP, Li ZD. Stat3-Atg5 signal axis inducing autophagy to alleviate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:3440-3450. [PMID: 29143976 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In performing our experiment, impaired autophagy increased hepatocellular damage during the reperfusion period. It was demonstrated by the effect of blocking autophagy using bafilomycin A1 or knocking Atg5 gene out reduces the anti-apoptotic effect of Stat3. Here we focus on the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in regulating autophagy to alleviate hepatic IRI. We found that Stat3 was up-regulated during hepatic IRI and was associated with an activation of the autophagic signaling pathway. This increased Stat3 expression, which was allied with high autophagic activity, alleviated liver damage to IR, an effect which was abrogated by Stat3 epletion as demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro methods. The levels of Atg5 protein were decreased when Stat3 was inhibited by HO 3867 or siStat3. We conclude that Stat3 appeared to exert a pivotal role in hepatic IRI, by activating autophagy to alleviate hepatic IRI, and Atg5 was required for this process. The identification of this novel pathway, that links expression levels of Stat3 with Atg5-mediated autophagy, may provide new insights for the generation of novel protective therapies directed against hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Han
- Second Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Bing Zhao
- Second Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Second Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Li Li
- Second Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Gan Li
- Second Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Shi-Peng Li
- Second Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Zhong-Dong Li
- Second Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
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36
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Hattori Y, Hattori K, Suzuki T, Matsuda N. Recent advances in the pathophysiology and molecular basis of sepsis-associated organ dysfunction: Novel therapeutic implications and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Although acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease, it continues to have high mortality and morbidity rates due to its many causes. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), originally reported as a ubiquitous non-histone chromosomal protein, is a multi-functional protein with varying functions depending on its location, such as in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular space. The role of extracellular HMGB1 as an inflammatory mediator has been well studied, and the elevation of serum HMGB1 has been reported in several diseases that are closely associated with ALF. Areas covered: In this review, we focus on the relationship between causes of acute liver failure, such as viral infection, drug-induced liver injury, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and acute-on-chronic liver failure, and the role of HMGB1. Furthermore, we also consolidate and summarize the current reports of HMGB1-targeting therapies in hepatic injury models. Expert commentary: HMGB1 could be a novel therapeutic candidate for ALF, and the clinical testing of HMGB1-targeting therapies for ALF patients is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Yamamoto
- a Department of Digestive and General Surgery , Shimane University Faculty of Medicine , Izumo , Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Tajima
- a Department of Digestive and General Surgery , Shimane University Faculty of Medicine , Izumo , Japan
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38
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Sun J, Guo E, Yang J, Yang Y, Liu S, Hu J, Jiang X, Dirsch O, Dahmen U, Dong W, Liu A. Carbon monoxide ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via sirtuin 1-mediated deacetylation of high-mobility group box 1 in rats. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:510-526. [PMID: 28133883 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) exerts protective effects on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important mediator of injury and inflammation in hepatic IRI. Here, we investigated whether CO could attenuate hepatic IRI via inhibition of HMGB1 release, particularly through sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). CO was released by treatment with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM)-2. CORM-2-delivered CO ameliorated hepatic IRI, as indicated by lower serum aminotransferase levels, lower hepatic inflammatory responses, and less severe ischemia/reperfusion-associated histopathologic changes. Treatment with CORM-2 significantly inhibited IRI-induced HMGB1 translocation and release. SIRT1 expression was increased by CORM-2 pretreatment. When CORM-2-induced SIRT1 expression was inhibited using EX527, HMGB1 translocation and release were increased and hepatic IRI was worsened, whereas SIRT1 activation by resveratrol reversed this trend. In vitro, CORM-2 reduced hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced HMGB1 translocation and release, these inhibitions were blocked by SIRT1 inhibition using EX527 or SIRT1 small interfering RNA both in alpha mouse liver 12 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, SIRT1 directly interacted with and deacetylated HMGB1. IRI increased HMGB1 acetylation, which was abolished by CORM-2 treatment via SIRT1. In conclusion, these results suggest that CO may increase SIRT1 expression, which may decrease HMGB1 acetylation and subsequently reduce its translocation and release, thereby protecting against hepatic IRI. Liver Transplantation 23 510-526 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enshuang Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiankun Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenpei Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jifa Hu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wei Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Anding Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Hong Y, Zhang B, Yu L, Duan SS. Cell membrane integrity and revascularization: The possible functional mechanism of ischemic preconditioning for skeletal muscle protection against ischemic-reperfusion injury. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:309-314. [PMID: 28291543 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper was to evaluate whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) could make protective effects against skeletal muscle injuries induced by ischemic-reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups of 6 subjects each: control group, I/R group, and IPC group. Thigh root ischemia of rats in the I/R group was induced by 3h ischemia and 24h reperfusion. IPC was applied by 3 periods of 15min ischemia/15min reperfusion prior to ischemia. Morphological changes in skeletal muscle cells induced by I/R and IPC were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and electron microscopy. In addition, angiogenesis was evaluated by immunolabeling of CD31. RESULTS IPC could prevented morphological alternations induced by ischemia, including myofilament, cell membrane, cell matrix, nucleus, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum damage in skeletal muscle cells. The CD31 immunolabeling showed that neovascularization was observed in the IPC group but not in the I/R group. IPC could protect skeletal muscle cells from necrosis, apoptosis, and morphological damages induced by I/R injury. CONCLUSION Revascularization may play a key role in the mechanism underlying the protective effects of IPC in vivo.
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40
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Gao L, Zhu H, Fan H, Liu Z. Chloroquine exacerbates serum withdrawal-induced G 1 phase arrest via an autophagy-independent mechanism. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06737b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine exacerbates serum withdrawal-induced G1 phase arrest via an autophagy-independent, but an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Research Institute of Heart Failure
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Hongming Zhu
- Research Institute of Heart Failure
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Research Institute of Heart Failure
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Institute of Heart Failure
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
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41
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Hubert V, Peschel A, Langer B, Gröger M, Rees A, Kain R. LAMP-2 is required for incorporating syntaxin-17 into autophagosomes and for their fusion with lysosomes. Biol Open 2016; 5:1516-1529. [PMID: 27628032 PMCID: PMC5087675 DOI: 10.1242/bio.018648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process used for removing surplus and damaged proteins and organelles from the cytoplasm. The unwanted material is incorporated into autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes, leading to the degradation of their cargo. The fusion event is mediated by the interaction between the Qa-SNARE syntaxin-17 (STX17) on autophagosomes and the R-SNARE VAMP8 on lysosomes. Cells deficient in lysosome membrane-associated protein-2 (LAMP-2) have increased numbers of autophagosomes but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. By transfecting LAMP-2-deficient and LAMP-1/2-double-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with a tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 we observed a failure of fusion between the autophagosomes and the lysosomes that could be rescued by complementation with LAMP-2A. Although we observed no change in expression and localization of VAMP8, its interacting partner STX17 was absent from autophagosomes of LAMP-2-deficient cells. Thus, LAMP-2 is essential for STX17 expression by the autophagosomes and this absence is sufficient to explain their failure to fuse with lysosomes. The results have clear implications for situations associated with a reduction of LAMP-2 expression. Summary: LAMP-2 is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Its absence does not affect the lysosomal SNARE VAMP8 while its interacting partner STX17 is absent from the autophagosomes providing a molecular explanation for this fusion failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Hubert
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Andrea Peschel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Brigitte Langer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Marion Gröger
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Andrew Rees
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Ruess DA, Probst M, Marjanovic G, Wittel UA, Hopt UT, Keck T, Bausch D. HDACi Valproic Acid (VPA) and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Delay but Fail to Protect against Warm Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161233. [PMID: 27513861 PMCID: PMC4981462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDAC) catalyze N-terminal deacetylation of lysine-residues on histones and multiple nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. In various animal models, such as trauma/hemorrhagic shock, ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction, HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) application is cyto- and organoprotective and promotes survival. HDACi reduce stress signaling, cell death and inflammation. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during major liver resection or transplantation increases morbidity and mortality. Assuming protective properties, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the HDACi VPA and SAHA on warm hepatic I/R. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar-Kyoto rats (age: 6-8 weeks) were randomized to VPA, SAHA, vehicle control (pre-) treatment or sham-groups and underwent partial no-flow liver ischemia for 90 minutes with subsequent reperfusion for 6, 12, 24 and 60 hours. Injury and regeneration was quantified by serum AST and ALT levels, by macroscopic aspect and (immuno-) histology. HDACi treatment efficiency, impact on MAPK/SAPK-activation and Hippo-YAP signaling was determined by Western blot. RESULTS Treatment with HDACi significantly enhanced hyperacetylation of Histone H3-K9 during I/R, indicative of adequate treatment efficiency. Liver injury, as measured by macroscopic aspect, serum transaminases and histology, was delayed, but not alleviated in VPA and SAHA treated animals. Importantly, tissue destruction was significantly more pronounced with VPA. SAPK-activation (p38 and JNK) was reduced by VPA and SAHA in the early (6h) reperfusion phase, but augmented later on (JNK, 24h). Regeneration appeared enhanced in SAHA and VPA treated animals and was dependent on Hippo-YAP signaling. CONCLUSIONS VPA and SAHA delay warm hepatic I/R injury at least in part through modulation of SAPK-activation. However, these HDACi fail to exert organoprotective effects, in this setting. For VPA, belated damage is even aggravated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich A. Ruess
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Moriz Probst
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Goran Marjanovic
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe A. Wittel
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich T. Hopt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Keck
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk Bausch
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Baicalein pretreatment reduces liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via induction of autophagy in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25042. [PMID: 27150843 PMCID: PMC4858649 DOI: 10.1038/srep25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that baicalein could protect against liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. The exact mechanism of baicalein remains poorly understood. Autophagy plays an important role in protecting against I/R injury. This study was designed to determine whether baicalein could protect against liver I/R injury via induction of autophagy in rats. Baicalein was intraperitoneally injected 1 h before warm ischemia. Pretreatment with baicalein prior to I/R insult significantly blunted I/R-induced elevations of serum aminotransferase levels and significantly improved the histological status of livers. Electron microscopy and expression of the autophagic marker LC3B-II suggested induction of autophagy after baicalein treatment. Moreover, inhibition of the baicalein-induced autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) worsened liver injury. Furthermore, baicalein treatment increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression, and pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 with tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) abolished the baicalein-mediated autophagy and the hepatocellular protection. In primary rat hepatocytes, baicalein-induced autophagy also protected hepatocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro and the beneficial effect was abrogated by 3-MA or Atg7 siRNA, respectively. Suppression of HO-1 activity by SnPP or HO-1 siRNA prevented the baicalein-mediated autophagy and resulted in increased hepatocellular injury. Collectively, these results suggest that baicalein prevents hepatocellular injury via induction of HO-1-mediated autophagy.
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Shaker ME, Trawick BN, Mehal WZ. The novel TLR9 antagonist COV08-0064 protects from ischemia/reperfusion injury in non-steatotic and steatotic mice livers. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 112:90-101. [PMID: 27157410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury constitutes a major reason for failure of liver surgeries and transplantation. I/R injury is more severe in steatotic livers and limits their use in transplantation. Here, we present a novel and selective Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) antagonist COV08-0064 and test its potential to protect from I/R-induced injury in normal and steatotic livers. The in vivo effects of COV08-0064 pretreatment were investigated on normal chow diet (NCD) and high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice subjected to segmental (70%) warm hepatic I/R. Also, the in vitro effects of COV08-0064 were elucidated in murine macrophages and dendritic cells. Mice on a HFD had pronouncedly greater hepatic I/R injury than mice on a NCD. COV08-0064-pretreatment to both NCD and HFD-fed mice reduced hepatic I/R injury. COV08-0064-pretreatment was associated with less production of the liver inflammatory cytokines and mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NLRP3, iNOS and MCP-1. These manifestations were preceded with inhibition of JNK and ERK phosphorylation and TLR9 cleavage in the liver. COV08-0064 enhanced the hepatic expression of the endogenous anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1Ra at the early phase I/R injury. In vitro, COV08-0064 selectively blocked mRNA upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, NLRP3 and MCP-1 in macrophages and IFN-β mRNA in dendritic cells induced by the TLR9 agonist CpG-ODN. These effects were concordant with inhibition of JNK, ERK, IκBα and IKKα/β phosphorylation. In conclusion, TLR9 signaling inhibition by COV08-0064 may be an effective approach in liver surgeries including transplantation to limit I/R-injury and overcome the shortages in the donor pool by incorporating steatotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Shaker
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Bobby N Trawick
- Center for Organic Chemistry, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO 63147, USA
| | - Wajahat Z Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Zhao Q, Guo Z, Deng W, Fu S, Zhang C, Chen M, Ju W, Wang D, He X. Calpain 2-mediated autophagy defect increases susceptibility of fatty livers to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2186. [PMID: 27077802 PMCID: PMC4855654 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality after liver resection and transplantation. This study focuses on the role of autophagy in regulating sensitivity of fatty livers to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Quantitative immunohistochemistry conducted on human liver allograft biopsies showed that, the reduction of autophagy markers LC3 and Beclin-1 at 1 h after reperfusion, was correlated with hepatic steatosis and poor survival of liver transplant recipients. In animal studies, western blotting and confocal imaging analysis associated the increase in sensitivity to I/R injury with low autophagy activity in fatty livers. Screening of autophagy-related proteins showed that Atg3 and Atg7 expression levels were marked decreased, whereas calpain 2 expression was upregulated during I/R in fatty livers. Calpain 2 inhibition or knockdown enhanced autophagy and suppressed cell death. Further point mutation experiments revealed that calpain 2 cleaved Atg3 and Atg7 at Atg3Δ92-97 and Atg7Δ344-349, respectively. In vivo and in vitro overexpression of Atg3 or Atg7 enhanced autophagy and suppressed cell death after I/R in fatty livers. Collectively, calpain 2-mediated degradation of Atg3 and Atg7 in fatty livers increases their sensitivity to I/R injury. Increasing autophagy may ameliorate fatty liver damage and represent a valuable method to expand the liver donor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhao
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Guo
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Deng
- Biotherapy Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Fu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Ju
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Therapy-induced microenvironmental changes in cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:497-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang K, Huang J, Xie W, Huang L, Zhong C, Chen Z. Beclin1 and HMGB1 ameliorate the α-synuclein-mediated autophagy inhibition in PC12 cells. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:15. [PMID: 26822891 PMCID: PMC4731928 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant α-synuclein aggregation due to the deficiency of ubiquitin-proteasome or of autophagy characterizes the parkinson disease (PD). High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a novel stress sensor to mediate the persistent neuro-inflammation and the consequent progressive neurodegeneration, via controlling the cellular autophagy/apoptosis checkpoint during inflammation. Moreover, HMGB1 has been recently indicated to involve in the autophagic degradation of α-synuclein. Methods In the current study, we investigated the influence of the overexpressed α-synuclein of wild type (wt) or mutant type (A53T and A30P, mt) on the cytosolic levels of HMGB1 and Beclin1 and on the starvation-induced autophagy in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. And then we explored the overexpression of HMGB1 or of Beclin1 on the α-synuclein degradation and on the autophagy in the α-synuclein-overexpressed PC12 cells. Results It was demonstrated that α-synuclein overexpression inhibited the trans-location of HMGB1 from nucleus to cytosol and reduced the cytosolic level of Beclin1 in PC12 cells, and inhibited the starvation-induced autophagy via downregulating autophagy-associated markers and via reducing the autophagic vesicles in PC12 cells under starvation. On the other side, the intracellular promotion of either HMGB1 or Beclin1 upregulated the α-synuclein degradation and ameliorated the α-synuclein-mediated autophagy reduction in PC12 cells. However, the exogenous HMGB1 treatment exerted no such regulation in PC12 cells. Conclusion In summary, our study confirmed the positive regulation by HMGB1 and Beclin1 on the α-synuclein degradation and on the starvation-induced autophagy in PC12 cells, implying both markers as prominent targets to promote the α-synuclein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, RuiKang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530011, China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Department of Neurology, RuiKang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530011, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China. .,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China. .,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Longjian Huang
- Department of Neurology, RuiKang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530011, China
| | - Canhua Zhong
- Department of Neurology, RuiKang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530011, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
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Bourke L, McCormick J, Taylor V, Pericleous C, Blanchet B, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Stuckey D, Lythgoe MF, Stephanou A, Ioannou Y. Hydroxychloroquine Protects against Cardiac Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vivo via Enhancement of ERK1/2 Phosphorylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143771. [PMID: 26636577 PMCID: PMC4670100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of investigations including human studies demonstrate that pharmacological ischaemic preconditioning is a viable way to protect the heart from myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study investigated the role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the heart during I/R injury. In vitro and in vivo models of myocardial I/R injury were used to assess the effects of HCQ. It was found that HCQ was protective in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through inhibition of apoptosis, measured by TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3. This protection in vitro was mediated through enhancement of ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediated by HCQ in a dose-dependent fashion. A decrease in infarct size was observed in an in vivo model of myocardial I/R injury in HCQ treated animals and furthermore this protection was blocked in the presence of the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. For the first time, we have shown that HCQ promotes a preconditioning like protection in an in vivo simulated rat myocardial I/R injury model. Moreover, it was shown that HCQ is protective via enhanced phosphorylation of the pro-survival kinase ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bourke
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine University College London, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James McCormick
- Biochemistry Research Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Taylor
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charis Pericleous
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine University College London, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Blanchet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Unité Fonctionnelle de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau
- Université René Descartes; Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, Service de Médecine Interne, Pôle médecine, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Stuckey
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasis Stephanou
- Medical and Molecular Biology Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yiannis Ioannou
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine University College London, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Zhong C, Pu LY, Fang MM, Gu Z, Rao JH, Wang XH. Retinoic acid receptor α promotes autophagy to alleviate liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12381-12391. [PMID: 26604645 PMCID: PMC4649121 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the role of autophagy and the relationship between retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and autophagy in liver ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury.
METHODS: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was administered to mice for two weeks before operation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of related factors. To demonstrate the role of RARα, LE540, a RARα inhibitor, was used to treat hepatocytes injured by H2O2in vitro.
RESULTS: ATRA pretreatment noticeably diminished levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as the degree of histopathological changes. Apoptosis was also inhibited, whereas autophagy was promoted. In vitro, RARα was inhibited by LE540, which resulted in decreased autophagy and increased apoptosis. Similarly, the expression of Foxo3a and p-Akt was downregulated, but Foxo1 expression was upregulated.
CONCLUSION: This research provides evidence that ATRA can protect the liver from IR injury by promoting autophagy, which is dependent on Foxo3/p-Akt/Foxo1 signaling.
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50
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Gracia-Sancho J, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. Molecular pathways in protecting the liver from ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a 2015 update. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:345-362. [PMID: 26014222 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia/reperfusion injury is an important cause of liver damage during surgical procedures such as hepatic resection and liver transplantation, and represents the main cause of graft dysfunction post-transplantation. Molecular processes occurring during hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion are diverse, and continuously include new and complex mechanisms. The present review aims to summarize the newest concepts and hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of liver ischaemia/reperfusion, making clear distinction between situations of cold and warm ischaemia. Moreover, the most updated therapeutic strategies including pharmacological, genetic and surgical interventions, as well as some of the scientific controversies in the field are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- *Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araní Casillas-Ramírez
- †Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Peralta
- †Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
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