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Wu J, Mo J, Xiang W, Shi X, Guo L, Li Y, Bao Y, Zheng L. Immunoregulatory effects of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide via TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in Raw264.7 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114471. [PMID: 36889110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (THP) exert antioxidant, antibacterial, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties, especially some evidences have highlighted the efficiency of it as an anti-tumor agent. However, as a biological macromolecule with bidirectional immune regulation, the immunological enhancement effects of THP on macrophages and its underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, THP was prepared and characterized, and then the effect of THP on Raw264.7 cell activation was investigated. Structural characteristics of THP showed that the average molecular weight was 370.26 kDa, and the main monosaccharide composition was galactose, glucuronic acid, mannose, and glucose at a ratio of 31.56: 25.15: 19.44: 12.60, with high viscosity causing by relative high uronic acid. For immunomodulatory activity investigation, THP promoted the production of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as the expression of IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS and COX-2, which were almost completely inhibited by TLR4 antagonist. Further study showed that THP could activate NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and thus enhanced the phagocytic activity of Raw264.7 macrophages. In conclusion, the present study provided evidences that THP could be served as a new immunomodulator in both functional foods and the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wu
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Juanfen Mo
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Li Guo
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Yi Li
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Yi Bao
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Li Zheng
- The key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China.
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Shi Y, Yang L, Yu M, Li Z, Ke Z, Qian X, Ruan X, He L, Wei F, Zhao Y, Wang Q. Seasonal variation influences flavonoid biosynthesis path and content, and antioxidant activity of metabolites in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265954. [PMID: 35482747 PMCID: PMC9049315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions contribute to plant growth and metabolism. This study aimed to determine a suitable environment and climate for large-scale artificial cultivation of an endangered plant, Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, by investigating the seasonal variations influencing the flavonoid biosynthetic selectivity and antioxidant activity of its major metabolites. Under conditions of precipitation (2.0~6.6 mm), temperature (17.5~24.1°C), humidity (67.3~80.2%), and sunshine duration (3.4~5.8 h) from April to May, the total flavonoid content in T. hemsleyanum reached higher levels between 281.3 and 392.8 μg/g. In the second half of April, the production selectivity (PS) of isoorientin (IsoO), orientin (Or), rutin (Rut), isoquercitin (IsoQ), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (Km3rut), astragalin (Ast), quercetin (Qu), apigenin (Ap), and kaempferol (Km) were 0.30, 0.06, 0.07, 0.07, 0.00, 0.04, 0.38, 0.05, and 0.03, respectively. Naringenin was dehydrogenated or hydroxylated to initiate two parallel reaction pathways for flavonoid biosynthesis in T. hemsleyanum: path I subsequently generated flavone derivatives including apigenin, luteolin, orientin, and isoorientin, and path II subsequently generated flavonol derivatives including Km, Qu, IsoQ, Rut, Ast, and Km3rut. The reaction selectivity of path II (RPSII) from January 1 to September 30 was considerably higher than that of path I (RPSI), except for March 16-31. In addition, either the content or antioxidant activity of three major metabolites in T. hemsleyanum followed the order of phenolic compounds > polysaccharides > sterols, and exhibited dynamic correlations with environmental factors. Naringenin favored hydroxylation and derived six flavonol compounds from January to September, and favored dehydrogenation and derived three flavone compounds from October to December. In most months of a year, Km preferentially favored hydroxylation rather than glucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanShou Shi
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Yang
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - ZhaoHui Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - ZhiJun Ke
- Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning Xianju County, Taizhou, China
| | - XiaoHua Qian
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiao Ruan
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- * E-mail: (QW); (XR)
| | | | - Feng Wei
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - YingXian Zhao
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- * E-mail: (QW); (XR)
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Zhang L, Li B, Wang M, Lin H, Peng Y, Zhou X, Peng C, Zhan J, Wang W. Genus Tetrastigma: A review of its folk uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:210-233. [PMID: 36117671 PMCID: PMC9476684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Tetrastigma belongs to the Vitaceae family and contains over 100 species. This paper reviewed folk uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications of the medicinal plants in the genus Tetrastigma. In addition, the paper also discussed the current problems for the further studies. Up to now, more than 240 compounds were reported from the genus Tetrastigma, covering 74 flavonoids, 14 terpenoids, 19 steroids, 21 phenylpropanoids, 14 alkaloids and others constituents. Among them, flavonoids are the major and the characteristic chemical constituents in this genus. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practice showed that the extracts and chemical constituents of Tetrastigma species possessed wide pharmacological activities including antitumor, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. The information summarized in this paper provides valuable clues for new drug discovery and an incentive to expand the research of genus Tetrastigma.
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Lou TL, Ji T, Peng X, Ji WW, Yuan LX, Wang J, Li SM, Zhang S, Shi QY. Extract From Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Leaf Alleviates Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection: Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:587850. [PMID: 34349638 PMCID: PMC8326761 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.587850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (T. hemsleyanum) has attracted much attention due to its ability on pneumonia, bronchitis, and immune-related diseases, while its functional components and underlying mechanism of action on pneumonia have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we used a systematic network pharmacology approach to explore the action mechanism of T. hemsleyanum leaf in the treatment of pneumonia. In this study, the results of network pharmacology demonstrated that there were 34 active components and 80 drug-disease targets in T. hemsleyanum leaf, which were strongly in connection with signal transduction, inflammatory response, and the oxidation-reduction process. Subsequently, a mouse model of pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was established to validate the predicted results of network pharmacology. In the animal experiments, aqueous extract of T. hemsleyanum leaf (EFT) significantly attenuated the histopathological changes of lung tissue in P. aeruginosa-induced mice and reduced the number of bacterial colonies in BALFs by 96.84% (p < 0.01). Moreover, EFT treatment suppressed the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α in lung tissues triggered by P. aeruginosa, which led to the increase of Th17 cells (p < 0.05). High concentration of EFT treatment (2.0 g/kg) obviously increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, accompanied by the enhancement of Treg proportion in a dose-dependent manner and a notable reversal of transcription factor RORγt expression. These findings demonstrated that network pharmacology was a useful tool for TCM research, and the anti-inflammatory effect of EFT was achieved by maintaining Th17/Treg immune homeostasis and thereby suppressing the inflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Food and Health Branch, Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Li-Xia Yuan
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Shi-Min Li
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Shi
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Hu W, Zheng Y, Xia P, Liang Z. The research progresses and future prospects of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg: A valuable Chinese herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113836. [PMID: 33465440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, known as Sanyeqing in China, was an extensively used folk Chinese herbal medicine. This plant had been validated to be highly effective for treating high fever, pneumonia, hepatitis, gastritis, cervicitis, lymphatic tuberculosis, septicemia, and viral meningitis. AIM OF THE REVIEW As a review in T. hemsleyanum, this article aims to provide a critical and comprehensive evaluation for future research as well as the development of new drugs. The possible uses and future research directions of this plant were also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted on different scientific search engines, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. Additional information was obtained from classic books about Chinese herbal medicine and scientific databases. RESULTS T. hemsleyanum was a perennial herb climbing vine, which was mainly based on field cultivation. About 150 chemical compounds have been isolated from T. hemsleyanum, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, steroids, and organic acids. Studies on the physiological aspects of T. hemsleyanum have been focused on the effects of light and fertilizer on their growth, and few other studies have been conducted. The plant had widespread pharmacological effects on the immune system, as well as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic. CONCLUSIONS T. hemsleyanum was a valuable traditional Chinese medical herb with pharmacological activities that mainly affected the immune system. This review summarized its botanical description, cultivation techniques, physiology, ethnopharmacology, chemical components, and pharmacological functions. This information suggested that we should focus on the development of new drugs related to T. hemsleyanum. Meanwhile, it was important to emphasize the traditional use of T. hemsleyanum, avoiding over-harvesting that exerted a great impact on resource scarcity. And developing its new clinical usage and comprehensive utilize would augment the therapeutic potentials of T. hemsleyanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Liu H, Wang ZY, Zhou YC, Song W, Ali U, Sze DMY. Immunomodulation of Chinese Herbal Medicines on NK cell populations for cancer therapy: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113561. [PMID: 33157222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Immunomodulation has become a crucial modality for cancer treatment. Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) are expected as adjuvant therapy for immunomodulation against cancer, but face the key challenge of poor scientific evidence. Changes of natural killer (NK) cells on numbers and/or cytotoxicity are a novel respect to evaluate the immunomodulation of CHMs. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this review is to investigate the immunomodulation of Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) on NK cell populations for cancer therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted and outside mainstream electronic databases were screened for potential reference articles. This review tried to report and critically analyzed all the correlative studies, especially these clinical trials (3 CHM extracts and 11 CHM formulas). RESULTS Evidence-based functions of CHMs against cancer could be summarized as: (1) enhancement of NK cells activity or relative percentage; (2) prevention of tumor growth and metastasis; (3) relief on side-effects or complications of therapeutic strategies (i.e. chemotherapy, radiotherapy and resection). Briefly, most of cellular studies and two thirds animal studies were based on the extract or components of single herbs, whilst most of clinical trials were keen on formula or prescription of CHMs. The main components of CHMs were demonstrated active on promoting the cytotoxicity of NK cells, including Angelica sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Panax ginseng, Radix Astragali, Lentinus edodes, etc. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive review demonstrated NK cells activity was positively associated with quality of life but not survival benefit of cancer patients. Thus exploring the roles of NK cells in adjuvant therapy against cancer is confirmed to be beneficial to explore the underlying relationship between immunomodulation and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, And Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yu-Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, And School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Usman Ali
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Daniel M-Y Sze
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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Huang Q, He W, Khudoyberdiev I, Ye CL. Characterization of polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Roots and their effects on antioxidant activity and H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 cells. BMC Chem 2021; 15:9. [PMID: 33546740 PMCID: PMC7866644 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents an investigation on the composition and structure of polysaccharides from the roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (THP) and its associated antioxidant activity. It further explores the protective effect of THP on RAW264.7 cells against cytotoxicity induced by H2O2. Ion chromatography (IC) revealed that THP contained glucose, arabinose, mannose, glucuronic acid, galactose and galacturonic acid, in different molar ratios. Furthermore, gel permeation chromatography-refractive index-multiangle laser light scattering (GPC-RI-MALS) was employed to deduce the relative molecular mass (Mw) of the polysaccharide, which was 177.1 ± 1.8 kDa. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Congo red binding assay highlighted that the THP had a steady α-triple helix conformation. Similarly, assays of antioxidant activity disclosed that THP had reasonable concentration-dependent hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging activities, peroxidation inhibition ability and ferrous ion chelating potency, in addition to a significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity. Moreover, THP could protect RAW264.7 cells against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing intracellular ROS levels, reducing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and increment in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Data retrieved from the in vitro models explicitly established the antioxidant capability of polysaccharides from T. hemsleyanum root extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Wen He
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Ilkhomjon Khudoyberdiev
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Lin Ye
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China.
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Ji T, Ji WW, Wang J, Chen HJ, Peng X, Cheng KJ, Qiu D, Yang WJ. A comprehensive review on traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacology properties and toxicology of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113247. [PMID: 32800929 PMCID: PMC7422820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T.hemsleyanum), a rare herbal plant distributed in subtropical areas of mainland China, has become a focus of scientific attention in recent years because of its high traditional value, including uses for treatment of children with fever, pneumonia, asthma, rheumatism, hepatitis, menstrual disorders, scrofula, and pharynx pain. AIM This systematic review aims to provide an insightful understanding of traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacological effect and clinical application of T. hemsleyanum, and lay a foundation for the further study and for the utilization of T. hemsleyanum resource. MATERIALS AND METHODS A domestic and overseas literature search in known databases was conducted for published articles using the relevant keywords. RESULTS One hundred and forty-two chemical constituents identified from T. hemsleyanum have been reported, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharide, organic acids, fatty acids, terpenoids, steroids, amino acid and others. Among these components, flavonoids and polysaccharides were the representative active ingredients of T. hemsleyanum, which have been widely investigated. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that these components exhibited various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antivirus, antitumor, antipyretic, anti-hepatic injury, immunomodulatory, antibacterial etc. Moreover, different toxicological studies indicated that the clinical dosage of T. hemsleyanum was safe and reliable. CONCLUSIONS Modern pharmacological studies have well supported and clarified some traditional uses, and T. hemsleyanum has a good prospect for the development of new drugs due to these outstanding properties. However, the present findings did not provide an in-depth evaluation of bioactivity of the extracts, the composition of its active extracts was not clear. Moreover, they were insufficient to satisfactorily explain some mechanisms of action. Data regarding many aspects of T. hemsleyanum, such as links between the traditional uses and bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, quality control standard and the clinical value of active compositions is still limited which need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang Chen
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Jun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Qiu
- Feng Hua Institute of Science and Technology, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jie Yang
- Feng Hua Institute of Science and Technology, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Xiang Q, Hu S, Ligaba-Osena A, Yang J, Tong F, Guo W. Seasonal Variation in Transcriptomic Profiling of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Fully Developed Tuberous Roots Enriches Candidate Genes in Essential Metabolic Pathways and Phytohormone Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659645. [PMID: 34305963 PMCID: PMC8300961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ) is a perennial climbing liana and an endemic plant to southern China. Its tuberous roots (TRs) are used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating some diseases such as high fever, pneumonia, asthma, hepatitis, and cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of TR and the content of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids (FPs) are not well-understood. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of 12 fully developed TR (FD-TR) samples harvested in four seasons [spring (Sp), summer (Su), autumn (Au), and winter (Wi)] using the RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). We obtained a total of 78.54 Gb raw data and 65,578 unigenes. Then, the unigenes were annotated by using six databases such as non-redundant protein database (NR), Pfam, eggNOG, SWISSProt, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene ontology (GO). The transcriptomic profiling showed closer relationships between the samples obtained in Su and Au than those obtained in Sp and Wi based on the results of both total unigenes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Three pathways, including the biosynthesis of FPs, metabolism of starch and sucrose, and signaling of phytohormones, were highly enriched, suggesting a gene-level seasonal variation. Based on the numbers of DEGs, brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction factors appeared to play a key role in modulating the development of TRs while most of the auxin signaling genes were mainly activated in Wi and Sp FD-TRs. Most genes in the biosynthesis and biodegradation of starch and biodegradation of cellulose were activated in Wi FD-TRs. As determined by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and aluminum nitrate colorimetric method, the contents of total flavonoids and most detected FP components increased from Sp to Au but decreased in Wi. Enhanced expression levels of some genes in the biosynthetic pathways of FPs were detected in Su and Au samples, which corroborated well with metabolite content. Our findings provide the first transcriptomic and biochemical data on a seasonal variation in the composition of medically important metabolites in SYQ FD-TRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ayalew Ligaba-Osena
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Jiayao Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudan Tong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wanli Guo ;
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Zhu R, Xu X, Ying J, Cao G, Wu X. The Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg in China: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:550497. [PMID: 33101019 PMCID: PMC7546407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.550497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (TDG), the family member of Vitaceae, is a traditional herbal medicine in China. The root of TDG can be immediately used after cleaning the muddy soil, and can be dehydrated for dry use. TDG is able to be collected all year round, which is commonly used in the treatment of hepatitis, infantile high fever, snake bite, etc. Based on phytochemistry, the chemical components of TDG are divided into flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, steroids, polysaccharide, and other compounds, showing many pharmacological effects which include anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and immunomodulatory activity, as well as other activities. Currently, TDG involves some problems of the reduction of wild resources, the backward processing methods, and storage difficulties as well as the imperfection of detection methods. Therefore, this review summarizes the literature of the past 20 years, and the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent researches on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and clinical application of TDG. The above discussions provide new insights for the future research on TDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Li Y, Jiang Y, Chu Q, Zheng X. Radix Tetrastigma
extract from different origins protect RAW264.7 macrophages against LPS‐induced inflammation. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1586-1595. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglu Li
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shanghai Zhengyue Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. 19th Floor, Block B, Xinchengkonggu Building, NO.388 Zhongjiang Road, Putuo District Shanghai 600062 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chu
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang CY, Lee S, Jang HJ, Su XD, Wang HS, Kim YH, Yang SY. Inhibition potential of phenolic constituents from the aerial parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum against soluble epoxide hydrolase and nitric oxide synthase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:753-760. [PMID: 30829084 PMCID: PMC6407587 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1584621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerial parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (APTH) have been used as a functional tea in China. The purpose of the current study was to identify the bioactive constituents with inhibitory activity against soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which are jointly considered potential therapeutic targets for vascular system diseases. In the present study, 39 compounds (1-39) were isolated from the APTH. Among them, compounds 8, 10, 12, 16, 17, 19, and 32 displayed potential activities, with IC50 values ranging from 4.5 to 9.5 µM, respectively, and all in non-competitive inhibition mode. Compounds 5, 10, 12, 19, and 32 displayed potent iNOS inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 15.6 to 47.3 µM. The results obtained in this work contribute to a better understanding of the pharmacological activities of T. hemsleyanum and its potential application as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunggun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Xiang Dong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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13
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Liu Y, Ye X, Li Y, Chu Q, Yu L, Chen W, Jia R, Jiang Y, Zheng X. The influence of the extraction method on bioactivity of the root of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3644-3653. [PMID: 31763013 PMCID: PMC6848824 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is traditionally used as a folk medicine and functional food in China. Its extracts have been confirmed to have many bioactivities. However, the effect of extracting temperature on its bioactivity has not been reported. In this research, the total flavonoids content (TFC), total polyphenol content (TPC), antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts and water extracts (extracted at 55, 70, 85, and 100°C) were observed. The results indicated that ethanol extracts showed better antioxidant activity with DPPH EC50 of 504.1 ± 3.8 μg/ml and ABTS EC50 of 851.4 ± 3.9 μg/ml. A better antiproliferative activity on HepG2, PC12, Caco-2, and Hela cells was observed on ethanol extracts. The results of anti-inflammatory activities also indicated that all of the extracts can reduce the NO production of LPS-stimulated macrophage with dose-independent manner. In summary, the results showed that the antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of water extracts decreased with the increasing temperature to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yonglu Li
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Chu
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lushuang Yu
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ruoyi Jia
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shanghai Zhengyue Enterprise Management Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and NutritionZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Fuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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14
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Chen X, Tao L, Ru Y, Weng S, Chen Z, Wang J, Guo L, Lin Z, Pan W, Qiu B. Antibacterial mechanism of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg's polysaccharides by metabolomics based on HPLC/MS. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:206-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Ji W, Peng X, Lou T, Wang J, Qiu W. Total flavonoids from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum ameliorates inflammatory stress in concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis mice by regulating Treg/Th17 immune homeostasis. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1297-1307. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ru Y, Chen X, Wang J, Guo L, Lin Z, Peng X, Qiu B. Polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg: Extraction optimization, structural characterizations, antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities in hyperlipidemic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:1033-1041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for the Chemical Constituents of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry and Preliminary Screening for Anti-Influenza Virus Components. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9414926. [PMID: 30906418 PMCID: PMC6398048 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9414926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T. hemsleyanums) is a kind of traditional folk medicinal plant which has been used widely in China for its antivirus, antitumor, and other clinical effects. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive/MS) was utilized to analyze the chemical constituents of T. hemsleyanums. Fifty-one constituents were clarified, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, esters, fatty acids, phenols, and catechins. In the subsequent quantitative analysis, the contents of ten compounds of rutin, kaempferol, astragalin, quercitrin, quercetin, vitexin-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin, vitexin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, and isoquercetin in 18 batches of T. hemsleyanums collected from different places of cultivation were determined. Meanwhile, anti-influenza virus bioactivity in vitro of the above samples was detected with Gaussia Luciferase viral titer assay. It was found that the antiviral bioactivity varied from batches to batches in accordance with content difference of the chemical constituents in T. hemsleyanums. Correlation analysis was performed with SPSS software for the association between LC-MS chemometrics and bioactivity of influenza virus inhibition, and 8 constituents of flavonoids showed positive correlation coefficient, which may provide a valuable clue for searching potential antiviral components in T. hemsleyanums.
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18
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Ru Y, Chen X, Wang J, Guo L, Lin Z, Peng X, Qiu B, Wong WL. Structural characterization, hypoglycemic effects and mechanism of a novel polysaccharide from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:775-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wu X, Yu N, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Sun W, Ye L, Wu H, Yang Z, Wu L, Wang F. Radix Tetrastigma hemsleyani flavone exhibits antitumor activity in colorectal cancer via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6437-6446. [PMID: 30323621 PMCID: PMC6177378 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radix Tetrastigma hemsleyani flavone (RTHF) is extracted from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb T. hemsleyani, which is conventionally used as a folk medicine for its anti-inflammation activity and antiviral activity. In this study, the effects of RTHF on inhibiting malignant biological properties in colorectal cancer (CRC) were evaluated by conducting both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Materials and methods Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the proliferation of RTHF-treated colon tumor cells. Migration and invasion capacities were also tested by cell wound scratch assay and Transwell invasion assay. Moreover, the antitumor effects of RTHF on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-related CRC were investigated in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, Western blot and/or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to evaluate the expressions of Lgr5, Cyclin D1, c-Myc, and E-cadherin. Results These experiments showed that RTHF could decrease the cell growth kinetics and clone-forming capacity. RTHF could also dose dependently induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Furthermore, downregulation of β-catenin activation and downstream protein expression were detected in CRC cells after being treated with RTHF. RTHF daily gavage suppressed the number and size of CRC in mice and inhibited Lgr5 and Cyclin D1 expressions in tumor tissue. Conclusion In conclusion, RTHF treatment inhibits colorectal tumor growth, decreases Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity, and downregulates target genes’ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanning Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,
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Wang Y, Jiang W, Ye W, Fu C, Gitzendanner MA, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Qiu Y. Evolutionary insights from comparative transcriptome and transcriptome-wide coalescence analyses in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:208. [PMID: 30249188 PMCID: PMC6154912 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is of great medicinal importance and used as a model system to address the evolutionary history of warm-temperate evergreen (WTE) forest biomes in East Asia over Neogene time scales. However, further studies on the neutral and adaptive divergence processes of T. hemsleyanum are currently impeded by a lack of genomic resources. In this study, we de novo assembled and annotated a reference transcriptome for two cpDNA lineages (Central-South-East vs. Southwest) of T. hemsleyanum. We further used comparative genomic and multilocus coalescent approaches to investigate the tempo and mode of lineage diversification in T. hemsleyanum. RESULTS A total of 52,838 and 65,197 unigenes with an N50 of 1,667 and 1,841 bp for Central-South-East (CSE) and Southwest (SW) lineages, respectively, were recovered, and 6,692 putative orthologs were identified between the two lineages. Estimation of Ka/Ks ratios for these orthologs revealed that ten genes had Ka/Ks values significantly greater than 0.5 (P < 0.05), whereas 2,099 (Ka/Ks < 0.5, P < 0.05) were inferred to be under purifying selection. Based on three bioinformatic strategies, we identified a total of 1,018 single-copy nuclear genes (SCNGs) from the orthologs. We successfully designed eight nuclear gene primer pairs with high intraspecific variation (e.g. hT = 0.923, πT = 1.68×10-3), when surveyed across a subset of T. hemsleyanum individuals. Concordant with the previous cpDNA data, the haplotype networks constructed for most nuclear gene loci clearly identified the two lineages. A multilocus coalescence analysis suggested that the separation between the two lineages appears to have occurred during the mid-Pliocene. Despite their ancient divergence, both lineages experienced expansion at rather localized scales and have continued to exchange genes at a low rate. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the utility of transcriptome sequencing as a basis for SCNG development in non-model species and the advantages of integrating multiple nuclear loci for phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Weimei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Wenqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Chengxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | | | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Yingxiong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Wang CY, Jang HJ, Han YK, Su XD, Lee SW, Rho MC, Wang HS, Yang SY, Kim YH. Alkaloids from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061445. [PMID: 29899226 PMCID: PMC6099609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids 1–10 were isolated from the aerial parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (APTH) and obtained from species of the genus Tetrastigma for the first time. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by NMR, UV, and MS analyses. Their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Among all the isolates, compounds 6, 7 and 10 showed potent inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated NO production in RAW264.7 cells (IC50: 31.9, 25.2 and 6.3 μM, respectively). Furthermore, APTH and S-(−)-trolline (10) inhibited induction of inflammatory cytokines or mediators such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via suppression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) translocation into the nucleus. In addition, 10 suppressed extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. These results conclusively demonstrated that compound 10 displays anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of NF-κB activation and the ERK-MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Yoo Kyong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Xiang Dong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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23
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Cui H, Xu X, Mao L, Zhou H. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of Oviductus ranae in mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000417751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Changshu Institute of Technology, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Changshu Institute of Technology, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiudong Yang
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Cui
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Mao
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, People’s Republic of China
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Apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells induced by the phenolics of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves and their antitumor effects in H22 tumor-bearing mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Yin ML, Song HL, Yang Y, Zheng WP, Liu T, Shen ZY. Effect of CXCR3/HO-1 genes modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on small bowel transplant rejection. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4016-4038. [PMID: 28652655 PMCID: PMC5473121 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i22.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) modified with the HO-1 and CXCR3 genes can augment the inhibitory effect of BMMSCs on small bowel transplant rejection. METHODS Lewis rat BMMSCs were cultured in vitro. Third-passage BMMSCs were transduced with the CXCR3/HO-1 genes or the HO-1 gene alone. The rats were divided into six groups and rats in the experimental group were pretreated with BMMSCs 7 d prior to small bowel transplant. Six time points (instant, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d) (n = 6) were chosen for each group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathologic rejection, while immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect protein expression. Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocytes and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect cytokines. RESULTS The median survival time of BMMSCs from the CXCR3/HO-1 modified group (53 d) was significantly longer than that of the HO-1 modified BMMSCs group (39 d), the BMMSCs group (26 d), and the NS group (control group) (16 d) (P < 0.05). Compared with BMMSCs from the HO-1 modified BMMSCs, BMMSCs, and NS groups, rejection of the small bowel in the CXCR3/HO-1 modified group was significantly reduced, while the weight of transplant recipients was also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION BMMSCs modified with the CXCR3 and HO-1 genes can abrogate the rejection of transplanted small bowel more effectively and significantly increase the survival time of rats that receive a small bowel transplant.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/blood
- Graft Rejection/enzymology
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Graft Survival
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/enzymology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/enzymology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology
- Phenotype
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Sun Y, Tsao R, Chen F, Li H, Wang J, Peng H, Zhang K, Deng Z. The phytochemical composition, metabolites, bioavailability and in vivo antioxidant activity of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves in rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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27
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Sun Y, Tsao R, Chen F, Li H, Peng H, Jiang L, Chen Y, Deng Z. The phenolic profiles of Radix Tetrastigma after solid phase extraction (SPE) and their antitumor effects and antioxidant activities in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:4014-4027. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00769h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photographic illustrations of phenolic profiles, antitumor effects and antioxidant activities of Radix Tetrastigma after solid phase extraction (SPE) in H22 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre
- Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada
- Guelph
- Canada
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Han Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Nanchang 330004
- China
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
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Sun Y, Qin Y, Li H, Peng H, Chen H, Xie HR, Deng Z. Rapid characterization of chemical constituents in Radix Tetrastigma, a functional herbal mixture, before and after metabolism and their antioxidant/antiproliferative activities. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Ethylacetate extract from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway in HepG2 cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:865-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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30
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Ye CL, Liu XG. Extraction of Flavonoids from T
etrastigma hemsleyanum
Diels et Gilg and Their Antioxidant Activity. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Ye
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Xuan-Gan Liu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
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Induction of S phase arrest and apoptosis by ethyl acetate extract from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:2541-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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32
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Peng S, Yang Y, Li S, Wu Q, Shah NP, Wei H, Xu F. Immunomodulatory activities of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZDY114 and donkey milk in BALB/c mice. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Sun Y, Li H, Hu J, Li J, Fan YW, Liu XR, Deng ZY. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolics in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum and their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10507-10515. [PMID: 24151872 DOI: 10.1021/jf4037547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic profiles of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaf extracts by different solvents (80% methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) and their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities were investigated. Thirteen phenolic compounds (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 1-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid, isoorientin-2″-O-rhamnoside, isoorientin, orientin-2″-O-rhamnoside, orientin, 1-p-coumaroylquinic acid, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, isovitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, vitexin and isovitexin) were identified in T. hemsleyanum leaves for the first time, and six of them were quantified using a combination of LC-QTOF-MS and LC-QqQ-MS techniques. It was found that 80% methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH, 3.32 mmol of Trolox/g DW; ABTS, 1.38 mmol of Trolox/g DW; FRAP, 1.85 mmol of FeSO4/g DW), while the hexane extract had the lowest (1.23, 0.43 and 0.13, respectively). Total phenolic contents (TPC) of various extracts of T. hemsleyanum leaves ranged from 28.95 to 275.71 mg of GAE/g DW. Also, total antioxidant activities as evaluated by ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays were correlated well with TPC. In addition, 80% methanol extract provided antiproliferative activity on HepG2 cells (IC50 = 524 μg/mL). This paper provides a complete picture of phenolics in T. hemsleyanum leaves and relates them to their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang , Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Xin P, Shuang-Lin Z, Jun-Yao H, Li D. Influence of rare earth elements on metabolism and related enzyme activity and isozyme expression in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum cell suspension cultures. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:82-90. [PMID: 23300000 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of rare earth elements (REEs) not only on cell growth and flavonoid accumulation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum suspension cells but also on the isoenzyme patterns and activities of related enzymes were studied in this paper. There were no significant differences in enhancement of flavonoid accumulation in T. hemsleyanum suspension cells among La(3+), Ce(3+), and Nd(3+). Whereas their inductive effects on cell proliferation varied greatly. The most significant effects were achieved with 100 μM Ce(3+)and Nd(3+). Under treatment over a 25-day culture period, the maximal biomass levels reached 1.92- and 1.74-fold and the total flavonoid contents are 1.45- and 1.49-fold, than that of control, respectively. Catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) activity was activated significantly when the REE concentration range from 0 to 300 μM, whereas no significant changes were found in superoxide dismutase activity. Differences of esterase isozymes under REE treatment only laid in expression level, and there were no specific bands. The expression level of some POD isozymes strengthened with increasing concentration of REEs within the range of 50-200 μM. When REE concentration was higher than 300 μM, the expression of some POD isozymes was inhibited; meanwhile, some other new POD isozymes were induced. Our results also showed REEs did not directly influence PAL activity. So, we speculated that 50-200 μM REEs could activate some of antioxidant enzymes, adjust some isozymes expression, trigger the defense responses of T. hemsleyanum suspension cells, and stimulate flavonoid accumulation by inducing PAL activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xin
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, China.
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