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Huang JD, Zhang C, Xu WJ, Lian CL, Liu XM, Wang CF, Liu JQ. New lathyrane diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity isolated from the roots of Jatropha curcas L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113673. [PMID: 33301921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), as a drought resistant shrub mainly cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, is widely used as traditional medicine to cure arthritis, dysentery, abscess and pneumonia in Asian, African and South American folklores. The methanolic extracts of the roots have been revealed the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and vitro. AIM OF STUDY This research aimed to provide promising anti-inflammatory candidates from the roots of J. curcas. In addition, RNA-Seq was conducted to give targeted genes involved in the anti-inflammatory action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The diterpenoids were isolated from the CH2Cl2 fraction of the methanolic extract from the roots of J. curcas by column chromatography (CC): silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, semi-preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures were identified based on HR-ESI-MS and 1D, 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis. Their anti-inflammatory effects were tested on lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 500 ng/mL)-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, we conducted transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing to profile gene expression alterations in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells upon treatment with jatrocurcasenone I (4) and analyzed the underlying genes targeted by this compound. RESULTS Six diterpenoids were obtained from J. curcas, and four of them were identified to be new lathyrane diterpenoids: jatrocurcasenones F-I (1-4). Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 11.28 μM and 7.71 μM, respectively. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were suppressed with the supplementation of 3 and 4. The results of RNA-seq showed that 4 (20 μM) exhibited regulation on the 587 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by LPS (500 ng/mL). Transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing indicated that the protective activity of 4 supplementation was most likely driven by modulating expression levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1f6, IL-6, IL-1rn, IL-27, Ccl2, Ccl5, Ccl7, Ccl9, Ccl22, Cxcl10, Tnfsf12, Tnfsf15, Lta, Trim25, Bcl2a1a, Dusp1, Dusp2, Ptgs2, Edn1 and Nr4a1. CONCLUSIONS This study offered four new lathyrane diterpenoids, of them, jatrocurcasenone I (4) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity. RNA-Seq suggested that jatrocurcasenone I (4) could be a candidate drug for the prevention inflammation-mediated diseases by modulating 24 candidate DEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Di Huang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Xu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, PR China
| | - Chen-Lei Lian
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, PR China
| | - Xue-Min Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, PR China
| | - Cui-Fang Wang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, PR China.
| | - Jie-Qing Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, PR China.
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Uddin M, Alam T, Islam M, Khan T, Zaman R, Azam S, Kamal ATM, Jakaria M. Evaluation of carbon tetrachloride fraction of Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees (Lauraceae) leaf extract for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antidiarrheal properties. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201110. [PMID: 32537632 PMCID: PMC7308611 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees (Family: Lauraceae) is commonly used in folk medicine against urinary disorder and diabetes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and antidiarrheal activities of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) fraction of leaves of A. angustifolia (CTFAA) in different experimental models. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using qualitative and quantitative assays, while antidiarrheal effects assessed with castor oil-induced diarrheal models in mice. The clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were used to investigate the thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities, respectively. CTFAA showed antioxidant effects in all qualitative and quantitative procedures. The fraction produced dose-dependent and significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01) activities in castor oil-induced diarrheal models. Moreover, CTFAA significantly (P<0.05) demonstrated a 15.29% clot lysis effect in the thrombolytic test, and the brine shrimp lethality assay LC50 value was 424.16 μg/ml bioassay. In conclusion, the current study showed CTFAA has significant antidiarrheal effects along with modest antioxidant and thrombolytic effects, and these data warrant further experiment to justify and include CTFAA as a supplement to mitigate the onset of diarrheal and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Najim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chattogram 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Towsif Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chattogram 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Azharul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chattogram 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Tawhidul Amin Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chattogram 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Raihan Uz Zaman
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - ATM Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chattogram 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jakaria
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Fabio DSM, Antonio FSC, Elismar DCM, Rachel MR, Antonio CRB, Marilene ODRB. Antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic activity of leaves of Syzygium cumini L. (Myrtaceae) mediated through calcium channel blockage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2017.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mishra A, Seth A, Maurya SK. Therapeutic significance and pharmacological activities of antidiarrheal medicinal plants mention in Ayurveda: A review. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:290-307. [PMID: 27366356 PMCID: PMC4927135 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160426094553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea is a serious problem affecting 3-5 billion people per year around the world, especially children of below 5 years. 70% of the world population uses traditional and indigenous medicine for their primary health care. The facts of these indigenous remedies are passed verbally and sometimes as documents. Since ancient time, Ayurveda is the main system of healing in South East Asian countries. Indian literature from ayurvedic texts and other books claim the potency of several plants in the treatment of diarrhea. As the global prospective of ayurvedic medicine is increasing, interest regarding the scientific basis of their action is parallely increasing. Researchers are doing experiments to establish the relation between the claimed action and observed pharmacological activities. In the present article, an attempt was made to compile the scientific basis of medicinal plants used to cure diarrhea in Ayurveda. Literature was collected via electronic search (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, and Google Scholar) from published articles that reports antidiarrheal activity of plants that were mentioned in Ayurveda classics. A total of 109 plant species belonging to 58 families were reported for their antidiarrheal activity. Several Indian medicinal plants have demonstrated promising antidiarrheal effects, but the studies on the antidiarrheal potentials of these plants are not taken beyond proof of concept stage. It is hoped that the article would stimulate future clinical studies because of the paucity of knowledge in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Mishra
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sharma SK, Singh H. A review on pharmacological significance of genus Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae). Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:868-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sharma AK, Gangwar M, Tilak R, Nath G, Sinha ASK, Tripathi YB, Kumar D. Comparative in vitro Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of Root, Stem and Leaf of Jatropha curcas Linn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.30.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sunilson JAJ, Anandarajagopal K, Kumari AVAG, Mohan S. Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Leaves of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:691-5. [PMID: 20376227 PMCID: PMC2846479 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.59556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidiarrhoeal effect of the water extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. (Melastomataceae) leaves were investigated by employing four experimental models of diarrhea in Swiss mice. Melastoma malabathricum water extract treated mice showed significant reduction in the fecal output and protected them from castor oil-induced diarrhoea. The extract also reduced the intestinal fluid secretion induced by magnesium sulphate and gastrointestinal motility after charcoal meal administration in the mice. No mortality and visible signs of general weakness was observed in the mice following the test extract administration up to 2000 mg/kg dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A J Sunilson
- School of Pharmacy, Masterskill University College Health Sciences, G-8, Jalan Kemacahaya 11, Taman Kemacahaya, Batu-9, Cheras 43200, Selangor, Malaysia
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Offiah NV, Makama S, Elisha IL, Makoshi MS, Gotep JG, Dawurung CJ, Oladipo OO, Lohlum AS, Shamaki D. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of animal diarrhoea in Plateau State, Nigeria. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:36. [PMID: 21745405 PMCID: PMC3162497 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases has generated renewed interest in recent times, as herbal preparations are increasingly being used in both human and animal healthcare systems. Diarrhoea is one of the common clinical signs of gastrointestinal disorders caused by both infectious and non-infectious agents and an important livestock debilitating condition. Plateau State is rich in savannah and forest vegetations and home to a vast collection of plants upheld in folklore as having useful medicinal applications. There is however scarcity of documented information on the medicinal plants used in the treatment of animal diarrhoea in the state, thus the need for this survey. Ten (10) out of 17 Local Government Areas (LGAs), spread across the three senatorial zones were selected. Farmers were interviewed using well structured, open-ended questionnaire and guided dialogue techniques between October and December 2010. Medicinal plants reported to be effective in diarrhoea management were collected using the guided field-walk method for identification and authentication. RESULTS A total of 248 questionnaires were completed, out of which 207 respondents (83.47%) acknowledged the use of herbs in diarrhoea management, while 41 (16.53%) do not use herbs or apply other traditional methods in the treatment of diarrhoea in their animals. Medicinal plants cited as beneficial in the treatment of animal diarrhoea numbered 132, from which 57(43.18%) were scientifically identified and classified into 25 plant families with the families Fabaceae (21%) and Combretaceae (14.04%) having the highest occurrence. The plant parts mostly used in antidiarrhoeal herbal preparations are the leaves (43.86%) followed by the stem bark (29.82%). The herbal preparations are usually administered orally. CONCLUSION Rural communities in Plateau State are a rich source of information on medicinal plants as revealed in this survey. There is need to scientifically ascertain the authenticity of the claimed antidiarrhoeal properties of these plants and perhaps develop more readily available alternatives in the treatment of diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechi V Offiah
- National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B. 01. Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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Fichna J, Dicay M, Hirota SA, Traboulsi D, Macdonald JA, Janecka A, Beck PL, Zjawiony JK, Macnaughton WK, Storr MA. Differential effects of salvinorin A on endotoxin-induced hypermotility and neurogenic ion transport in mouse ileum. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:583-e212. [PMID: 21414104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvinorin A (SA) is the principal active ingredient of Salvia divinorum, with an established inhibitory action on gastrointestinal (GI) transit and colonic ion transport in mice. Under normal conditions, the effects of SA are mediated by kappa opioid (KOR) and cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) receptors. However, the role of SA in pathophysiological conditions remains unresolved. The aim of this study was to characterize the in vitro and in vivo effects of SA on mouse ileum after endotoxin challenge. METHODS Changes in GI motility were studied in vitro, using smooth muscle preparations from the mouse ileum. In vivo, the fecal pellet output and small intestinal fluid content were measured. Neurogenic ion transport and intestinal permeability were examined using Ussing chambers. In addition, Western blot analysis of mucosa was performed and plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were determined. KEY RESULTS Salvinorin A inhibited endotoxin-induced ileal hypercontractility via KOR, CB1, and CB2 receptors. Neurogenic ion transport, which was significantly reduced after endotoxin challenge, was normalized by SA through a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent mechanism. Western blot analysis and plasma nitrite/nitrate level quantitation confirmed the involvement of NOS in the regulatory action of SA. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES This is the first report showing differential effects of SA on motor and secretory activity in mouse GI during endotoxemia. The outcomes of our study imply possible novel applications of SA and its analogs in the treatment of GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fichna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (III), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Devappa RK, Makkar HPS, Becker K. Jatropha toxicity--a review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2010; 13:476-507. [PMID: 20711929 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2010.499736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha is a nonedible oil seed plant belonging to Euphorbiaceae family. Global awareness of sustainable and alternative energy resources has propelled research on Jatropha oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production. During the past two decades, several cultivation projects were undertaken to produce Jatropha oil. In future, the increased cultivation of toxic Jatropha plants and utilization of its agro-industrial by-products may raise the frequency of contact with humans, animals, and other organisms. An attempt was thus made to present known information on toxicity of Jatropha plants. The toxicity of Jatropha plant extracts from fruit, seed, oil, roots, latex, bark, and leaf to a number of species, from microorganisms to higher animals, is well established. Broadly, these extracts possess moluscicidal, piscicidal, insecticidal, rodenticidal, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties, and exert adverse effects on animals including rats, poultry, and ruminants. The toxicity attributed to these seeds due to their accidental consumption by children is also well documented. An attempt was also made to identify areas that need further study. The information provided in this review may aid in enhancing awareness in agroindustries involved in the cultivation, harvesting, and utilization of Jatropha plants and its products with respect to the potential toxicity of Jatropha, and consequently in application and enforcement of occupational safety measures. Data on the wide range of bioactivities of Jatropha and its products were collated and it is hoped will create new avenues for exploiting these chemicals by the phamaceutical industry to develop chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshit K Devappa
- Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Zhang XP, Zhang ML, Su XH, Huo CH, Gu YC, Shi QW. Chemical constituents of the plants from genus Jatropha. Chem Biodivers 2010; 6:2166-83. [PMID: 20020449 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200700461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ping Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, 050017 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
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Talukder MJR, Harada E. Bovine lactoferrin protects lipopolysaccharide-induced diarrhea modulating nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 85:200-8. [PMID: 17487261 DOI: 10.1139/y07-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding multifunctional glycoprotein, is abundantly present in colostrum and milk of different species such as humans, bovines, and mice. Our previous observation revealed that bovine colostral Lf is transported into the systemic circulation and cerebrospinal fluid from gut-lumen through receptor-mediated transcytosis in calves. Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli is one of the important causes of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. We investigated the effects of bovine lactoferrin (BLf) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced diarrheogenic activity, gastrointestinal transit (GIT), and intestinal fluid content in mice. LPS accumulated abundant fluid in the small intestine in a dose-dependent manner, induced diarrhea, but decreased the GIT. Pretreatment with BLf significantly attenuated the effects of LPS on the diarrheogenic activity and intestinal content, but reversed the GIT when compared with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor) or indomethacin (an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis). Both plasma NO and PGE2 in enterocytes were found to increase in LPS-treated mice and were reversed by BLf. These findings demonstrate that the action of BLf against LPS was specific and it exerts antidiarrheal activity through modulating the cyclooxygenase [NO and PGE2] pathway in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jamilur R Talukder
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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Palombo EA. Phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhoea: modes of action and effects on intestinal function. Phytother Res 2006; 20:717-24. [PMID: 16619336 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used as traditional treatments for numerous human diseases for thousands of years. Diarrhoeal diseases continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and there is renewed interest in the discovery of novel compounds that can be used to fight these diseases. Numerous studies have validated the traditional use of antidiarrhoeal medicinal plants by investigating the biological activity of extracts of such plants, which have antispasmodic effects, delay intestinal transit, suppress gut motility, stimulate water adsorption or reduce electrolyte secretion. Of the numerous phytochemicals (such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and terpenes) present in active extracts, tannins and flavonoids are thought to be responsible for antidiarrhoeal activity by increasing colonic water and electrolyte reabsorption. Others act by inhibiting intestinal motility. As some of the active ingredients are potentially toxic, there is a need to evaluate the safety of plant preparations. A few clinical trials have evaluated the safety and tolerability of traditional and herbal medicine preparations used to treat diarrhoea and generally indicate that minimal side effects are observed. However, with the increased popularity of plant-derived and herbal medicines in Western society, the benefits and potential dangers of these medicines must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo A Palombo
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
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Afroz S, Alamgir M, Khan MTH, Jabbar S, Nahar N, Choudhuri MSK. Antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract of Paederia foetida Linn. (Rubiaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 105:125-30. [PMID: 16298094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Paederia foetida L. is used as a remedy for diarrhoea and dysentery in Asia, but has not been investigated for its antidiarrhoeal properties. Antidiarrhoeal activity of 90% ethanol extract of Paederia foetida was investigated in this study using castor oil and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice. The extract significantly increased the latent period of diarrhoea in both the models. In the castor oil study, the purging index (PI) value lowered in 1 h of the study at (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) doses. The effect continued up to 6-h period only at 500 mg/kg dose. The plant notably reduced the purging index value in a dose-dependent manner in magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea. Paederia foetida, in general, reduced the gastrointestinal motility with barium sulphate milk both in 15- and 30-min time intervals. The extract significantly decreased the cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal motility at all doses at both time intervals. The extract also enhanced the morphine-induced reduction of motility at 500 mg/kg dose level at both time intervals. The results suggest that Paederia foetida showed antidiarrhoeal activity by inhibiting intestinal motility and justify its use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Afroz
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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Liang YC, Liu HJ, Chen SH, Chen CC, Chou LS, Tsai LH. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on diarrhea and gastrointestinal transit in mice: Roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:357-61. [PMID: 15637744 PMCID: PMC4205337 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i3.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the diarrheogenic activity, gastrointestinal transit (GIT), and intestinal fluid content and the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastrointestinal functions of endotoxin-treated mice.
METHODS: Diarrheogic activity, GIT, and intestinal fluid content as well as nitric oxide and PGE2 products were measured after intraperitoneal administration of LPS in mice.
RESULTS: LPS dose-dependently accumulated abundant fluid into the small intestine, induced diarrhea, but decreased the GIT. Both nitric oxide and PGE2 were found to increase in LPS-treated mice. Western blot analysis indicated that LPS significantly induced the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 in mice intestines. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor) or indomethacin (an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis) significantly attenuated the effects of LPS on the diarrheogenic activity and intestine content, but reversed the GIT.
CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the pathogenesis of LPS treatment may mediate the stimulatory effect of LPS on nitric oxide and PGE2 production and NO/prostaglandin pathway may play an important role on gastrointestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
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Abstract
The antidiarrhoeal effects of the methanolic extract of Rhus javanica ripen fruits (MERJ) were investigated by employing four experimental models of diarrhoea in Swiss albino mice. MERJ treated mice, showed significant reduction in the faecal output and protected them from castor oil-induced diarrhoea. The extract also reduced the intestinal fluid secretion induced by MgSO4 and gastrointestinal motility after charcoal meal administration in the albino mice. No mortality and visible signs of general weakness was observed in the mice following the test extract administration up to 2000 mg/kg dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vareishang Tangpu
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India
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Mujumdar AM, Misar AV. Anti-inflammatory activity of Jatropha curcas roots in mice and rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 90:11-15. [PMID: 14698501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory activity of topical application of Jatropha curcas L. root powder in paste form in TPA-induced ear inflammation was confirmed in albino mice and the successive solvent extraction of these roots was carried out by ether and methanol. The methanol extract exhibited systemic and significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. It also showed activity against formalin-induced rat paw edema, as well as, turpentine-induced exudative changes and cotton pellet-induced granular tissue formation after oral treatment for 7 days in albino rats. Thus, resultant anti-inflammatory activity might be due to effects on several mediators and arachidonic acid metabolism involving cyclo-oxygenase pathway resulting in prostaglandin formation, anti-proliferative activity leading to reduction in granular tissue formation and leukocyte migration from the vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mujumdar
- Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India.
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