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Nalawade ML, Patil RS, Bavkar LN, Rooge SB, Haldavnekar VS, Arvindekar AU. Early metabolic changes in the gut leads to higher expression of intestinal alpha glucosidase and thereby causes enhanced postprandial spikes. Life Sci 2019; 218:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Xu J, Zhang M, Zhang X, Yang H, Sun B, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wang S, Liu X, Liu L. Contribution of Hepatic Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase Induction to Impairment of Glucose Metabolism by High-Fat-Diet Feeding in C57BL/6J Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:539-548. [PMID: 29753302 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with overexpression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1). We aimed to investigate the roles of hepatic RALDH1 induction in glucose metabolism impairment using mice fed with high-fat-diet (HFD). Mice were fed with HFD for 8 weeks and treated with RALDH inhibitor citral for another 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) and insulin tolerance test were performed. Expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), glucokinase (GCK) and RALDH1 were measured. Therapeutic effects of citral were also documented in diabetic rats. Effects of retinaldehyde on PCK1 and GCK expressions were examined in rat primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. The results showed that HFD mice were characterized by hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, accompanied by significantly increased RALDH1 activity and expression. Citral (10 and 50 mg/kg) ameliorated HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the improved fasting glucose, insulin levels and lipid profiles. OGTT and PTT demonstrated that citral reversed HFD-induced glucose disposal impairment and glucose production enhancement. Citral also reversed the increased PCK1 expression and decreased GCK expression by HFD. Citral therapeutic effects were reconfirmed in diabetic rats. In vitro data indicated that retinaldehyde had the strongest PCK1 induction in primary hepatocytes of diabetic rats compared with HFD rats and control rats, in line with the increased RALDH1 expression. Citral reversed the retinaldehyde-induced PCK1 expression in primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, RALDH1 induction impaired glucose metabolism partly via modulating PCK1 and GCK expressions. Citral improved glucose metabolism through inhibiting RALDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjian Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqian Zhou
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Liu Y, Li C, Luo X, Han G, Xu S, Niu F, Hu X, Wu H, Zhang H. Characterization of selenium-enriched mycelia of Catathelasma ventricosum and their antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:562-568. [PMID: 25536291 DOI: 10.1021/jf5050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report concerning the selenium enrichment of Catathelasma ventricosum mycelia. The selenium-containing proteins present in selenium-enriched mycelia (Se-MC) were identified using size-exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). The selenium-containing amino acids liberated by hydrolysis of these proteins were identified using anion exchange-ICP-MS. Se-MC was found to contain selenoproteins with molecular weights ranging from 1.7 to 60.5 kDa. The main selenium-containing amino acids within them were selenomethionine and selenocysteine. Furthermore, Se-MC possessed excellent antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties. Se-MC normalized biochemical parameters like insulin level, blood glucose level, body weight, and antioxidant enzyme activity in streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. It also inhibited the α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities present in in vitro gastric and intestinal models. In conclusion, Se-MC has the potential to serve as a dietary supplement of selenium, an antioxidant, or an ingredient for the formulation of nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University , Yaan 625014, China
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Taha M, Ismail NH, Imran S, Wadood A, Rahim F, Ali M, Rehman AU. Novel quinoline derivatives as potent in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitors: in silico studies and SAR predictions. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of exceptionally potent quinoline derivatives 6–30 as α-glucosidase inhibitors was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery
- Universiti Teknologi MARA
- Puncak Alam 42300
- Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Science
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery
- Universiti Teknologi MARA
- Puncak Alam 42300
- Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Science
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery
- Universiti Teknologi MARA
- Puncak Alam 42300
- Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Science
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry
- Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- UCSS
- Abdul Wali Khan University
- Mardan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry
- Hazara University
- Mansehra
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- University Road
- Abbottabad 22060
- Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry
- Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- UCSS
- Abdul Wali Khan University
- Mardan
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Influence of an Antidiabetic Drug on Biomechanical and Histological Parameters Around Implants in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. IMPLANT DENT 2014; 23:264-9. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matsui T, Ebuchi S, Fukui K, Matsugano K, Terahara N, Matsumoto K. Caffeoylsophorose, a New Natural α-Glucosidase Inhibitor, from Red Vinegar by Fermented Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 68:2239-46. [PMID: 15564660 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The suppressive effect on the postprandial blood glucose rise through alpha-glucosidase (AGH) inhibition was investigated in this study in order to clarify an antihyperglycemic function of 6-O-caffeoylsophorose (CS) from diacylated anthocyanin. The administration of CS (100 mg/kg) following maltose (2 g/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in the maximal blood glucose level after 30 min being significantly decreased by 11.1% compared to the control. A reduction in the serum insulin secretion was also observed in parallel to the decrease in blood glucose level. No blood glucose change was apparent when sucrose or glucose was ingested, suggesting that the antihyperglycemic effect of CS was achieved by maltase inhibition, rather than by sucrase or glucose transport inhibition. An AGH inhibitory assay demonstrated that the non-competitive maltase inhibition of CS was partly due to acylation by phenolic acid with sugar, the presence of hydroxyl groups in the aromatic ring, and the presence of an unsaturated alkyl chain in the acylated moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Xiao Y, Huang X, Shen Y, Huang Z. A novel wheat α-amylase inhibitor gene, TaHPS, significantly improves the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:273-283. [PMID: 23039848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of microarray analyses of the salt-tolerant wheat mutant RH8706-49, a previously unreported salt-induced gene, designated as TaHPS [Triticum aestivum hypothetical (HPS)-like protein], was cloned. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that expression of the gene was induced by abscisic acid, salt and drought. The encoded protein was found to be localized mainly in the plasma membranes. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TaHPS were more tolerant to salt and drought stresses than non-transgenic wild-type (WT) plants. Under salt stress, the root cells of the transgenic plants secreted more Na⁺ and guard cells took up more Ca²⁺ ions. Compared with wild-type plants, TaHPS-expressing transgenic plants showed significantly lower amylase activity and glucose and malic acid levels. Our results showed that the expression of TaHPS inhibited amylase activity, which subsequently led to a closure of stomatal apertures and thus improved plant tolerance to salt and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Xiao
- College of Life Science of Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Liu SZ, Deng YX, Chen B, Zhang XJ, Shi QZ, Qiu XM. Antihyperglycemic effect of the traditional Chinese scutellaria-coptis herb couple and its main components in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013. [PMID: 23183087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria-coptis herb couple (SC) is the main herb couple in many traditional Chinese compound formulas used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which has been used to treat diabetes mellitus for thousands of years in China. In this study we provide experimental evidence for the clinical use of SC in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. AIM OF THE STUDY To confirm the anti-diabetic effect of SC extract and its main components, and to explore its mechanism from the effect on intestinal disaccharidases by in vivo and in vitro experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS SC extract was prepared and the main components (namely berberine and baicalin) contained in the extract were assayed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). And diabetic model rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After grouped randomly, diabetic rats were administered SC extract, berberine, baicalin, berberine+baicalin, acarbose and vehicle for 33d, respectively. Body weight, food intake, urine volume, urine sugars, fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were monitored to evaluate the antidiabetic effects on diabetic rats. Intestinal mucosa homogenate was prepared and the activities of intestinal disaccharidases were assayed. Moreover, oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT) was performed and the inhibitory effects of SC extract and its main components (berberine and baicalin) on the maltase and sucrase in vitro was evaluated. RESULTS After the treatment of SC extract and its main components, the body weight and the fasting plasma insulin level were found to be increased while food intake, urine volume, urine sugars and fasting plasma were decreased. OSTT showed that SC extract and its main components could lower the postprandial plasma glucose level of diabetic rats. Furthermore, SC extract and its main components could inhibit the activities of intestinal disaccharidases in diabetic rats, whereas only SC extract and berberine could inhibit the activity of maltase in vitro. CONCLUSIONS According to our present findings, scutellaria-coptis herb couple (SC) possessed potent anti-hyperglycemic effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats. And SC extract and its main components exerted anti-hyperglycemic effect partly via inhibiting the increased activities of intestinal disaccharidases and elevating the level of plasma insulin in diabetic rats induced by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Zi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
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Deng YX, Zhang XJ, Shi QZ, Chen YS, Qiu XM, Chen B. Anti-hyperglycemic effects and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine Huanglian Wan in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:425-432. [PMID: 23036812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huanglian Wan (HLW) is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been used to treat diabetes mellitus for thousands of years in China. In this study we provide experimental evidence for the clinical use of HLW in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS HLW extract was prepared and the main components (namely berberine and catalpol) contained in the extract were assayed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and diabetic model rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After grouped randomly, diabetic rats were administered low or high dose of HLW extract, acarbose and vehicle for 33 days, respectively. Body weight, food intake, urine volume, urine sugars, fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were monitored to evaluate its antidiabetic effects in diabetic rats. Intestinal mucosa homogenate was prepared and the activities of intestinal disaccharidases were assayed. Moreover, oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT) was performed and the inhibitory effect of HLW extract on the maltase and sucrase in vitro was evaluated. RESULTS After the treatment of HLW extract, the body weight and the fasting plasma insulin level were found to be increased while food intake, urine volume, urine sugars and fasting plasma were decreased. OSTT showed that HLW extract could lower the postprandial plasma glucose level of diabetic rats. Furthermore, HLW extract could inhibit the activities of sucrase and maltase in vitro. CONCLUSIONS According to our present findings, the TCM prescription HLW possessed potent anti-hyperglycemic effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats. And HLW extract exerted anti-hyperglycemic effect partly via inhibiting the increased activities of intestinal disaccharidases and elevating the level of plasma insulin in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-xiong Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, PR China.
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Gao W, Jusko WJ. Modeling disease progression and rosiglitazone intervention in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:617-25. [PMID: 22378938 PMCID: PMC3362884 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.192419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of rosiglitazone were studied in type 2 diabetic (T2D) Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats that received daily doses of 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg for 23 days followed by 60 days of washout. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and hemoglobin A1c were determined over time. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before and at the end of treatment and after 20 days of washout to determine insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Rosiglitazone effectively lowered glucose by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and enhancing insulin sensitivity. The glucose-insulin inter-regulation was characterized by a feedback model: glucose and insulin have their own production (k(in)) and elimination (k(out)) rate constants, whereas glucose stimulates insulin production (k(inI)) and insulin, in turn, promotes glucose utilization (k(outG)). Animal handling and placebo treatment affected glucose turnover with k(pl) = 0.388 kg/mg/day. The PK of rosiglitazone was fitted with a one-compartment model with first-order absorption. The effect of rosiglitazone was described as inhibition of k(inG) with I(max) = 0.296 and IC(50) = 1.97 μg/ml. Rosiglitazone also stimulated glucose utilization by improving insulin sensitivity with a linear factor S(R) = 0.0796 kg/mg. In GK rats, 23 days of treatment increased body weight but did not cause hemodilution. Weight gain was characterized with body weight input (k(s)(w)) and output (k(d)(w)), and rosiglitazone inhibited k(d)(w) with ID(50) = 96.8 mg/kg. The mechanistic PK/PD model quantitatively described the glucose-insulin system and body weights under chronic rosiglitazone treatment in T2D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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11
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Kumar RV, Sinha VR. Newer insights into the drug delivery approaches of α-glucosidase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:403-16. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.663080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Liu L, Yu YL, Liu C, Wang XT, Liu XD, Xie L. Insulin deficiency induces abnormal increase in intestinal disaccharidase activities and expression under diabetic states, evidences from in vivo and in vitro study. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1963-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Dong J, Cai F, Shen R, Liu Y. Hypoglycaemic effects and inhibitory effect on intestinal disaccharidases of oat beta-glucan in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Food Chem 2011; 129:1066-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim SH, Jo SH, Kwon YI, Hwang JK. Effects of onion (Allium cepa L.) extract administration on intestinal α-glucosidases activities and spikes in postprandial blood glucose levels in SD rats model. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3757-69. [PMID: 21747704 PMCID: PMC3131588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets high in calories and sweetened foods with disaccharides frequently lead to exaggerated postprandial spikes in blood glucose. This state induces immediate oxidant stress and free radicals which trigger oxidative stress-linked diabetic complications. One of the therapeutic approaches for decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia is to retard absorption of glucose by the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidases, in the digestive organs. Therefore, the inhibitory activity of Korean onion (Allium cepa L.) extract against rat intestinal α-glucosidases, such as sucrase, maltase, and porcine pancreatic α-amylase were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The content of quercetin in ethyl alcohol extract of onion skin (EOS) was 6.04 g/100 g dried weight of onion skin. The in vitro half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of EOS and quercetin, a major phenolic in onion, on rat intestinal sucrase were 0.40 and 0.11 mg/mL, respectively. The postprandial blood glucose lowering effects of EOS and quercetin were compared to a known type 2 diabetes drug (Acarbose), a strong α-glucosidase inhibitor in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. In rats fed on sucrose, EOS significantly reduced the blood glucose spike after sucrose loading. The area under the blood glucose-time curve (AUClast) in EOS-treated SD rats (0.5 g-EOS/kg) was significantly lower than in untreated SD rats (259.6 ± 5.1 vs. 283.1 ± 19.2 h·mg/dL). The AUClast in quercetin-treated SD rats (0.5 g-quercetin/kg) was similar to in EOS-treated group (256.1 ± 3.2 vs. 259.6 ± 5.1 h·mg/dL). Results from this study indicates that although quercetin does have blood glucose lowering potential via α-glucosidase inhibition, there are other bioactive compounds present in onion skin. Furthermore, the effects of two weeks administration of EOS in a high carbohydrate-dietary mixture (Pico 5053) on sucrase and maltase activities in intestine were evaluated in SD rat model. Compared to the upper and middle parts of intestine, the activities of sucrase in the lower parts of intestine remained significantly higher after two weeks of EOS treatment. These results indicate that EOS may improve exaggerated postprandial spikes in blood glucose and glucose homeostasis since it inhibits intestinal sucrase and thus delays carbohydrate absorption, although clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Sung-Hoon Jo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Young-In Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-I.K.); (J.-K.H.); Tel.:+82-42-629-8790 (Y.-I.K.); +82-2-456-7657 (J.-K.H.); Fax: +82-42-629-8789 (Y.-I.K.); +82-2-456-7567 (J.-K.H.)
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-I.K.); (J.-K.H.); Tel.:+82-42-629-8790 (Y.-I.K.); +82-2-456-7657 (J.-K.H.); Fax: +82-42-629-8789 (Y.-I.K.); +82-2-456-7567 (J.-K.H.)
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Lahiri R, Kokatla HP, Vankar YD. An improved method of ring closing metathesis in the presence of basic amines: application to the formal synthesis of (+)-lentiginosine and other piperidines and carbamino sugar analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gao W, Bihorel S, DuBois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Mechanism-based disease progression modeling of type 2 diabetes in Goto-Kakizaki rats. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2010; 38:143-62. [PMID: 21127951 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-010-9182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of aging and type 2 diabetes (T2D) disease progression were investigated in normal [Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)] and diabetic [Goto-Kakizaki (GK)] rats and a mechanistic disease progression model was developed for glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) changes over time. The study included 30 WKY and 30 GK rats. Plasma glucose and insulin, blood glucose and HbA1c concentrations and hematological measurements were taken at ages 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks. A mathematical model described the development of insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function with age/growth and diabetes progression. The model utilized transit compartments and an indirect response model to quantitate biomarker changes over time. Glucose, insulin and HbA1c concentrations in WKY rats increased to a steady-state at 8 weeks due to developmental changes. Glucose concentrations at 4 weeks in GK rats were almost twice those of controls, and increased to a steady-state after 8 weeks. Insulin concentrations at 4 weeks in GK rats were similar to controls, and then hyperinsulinemia occurred until 12-16 weeks of age indicating IR. Subsequently, insulin concentrations in GK rats declined to slightly below WKY controls due to β-cell failure. HbA1c showed a delayed increase relative to glucose. Modeling of HbA1c was complicated by age-related changes in hematology in rats. The diabetes model quantitatively described the glucose/insulin inter-regulation and HbA1c production and reflected the underlying pathogenic factors of T2D--IR and β-cell dysfunction. The model could be extended to incorporate other biomarkers and effects of various anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York, 565 Hochstetter Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Liu L, Yu YL, Yang JS, Li Y, Liu YW, Liang Y, Liu XD, Xie L, Wang GJ. Berberine suppresses intestinal disaccharidases with beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic states, evidences from in vivo and in vitro study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 381:371-81. [PMID: 20229011 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical reports have demonstrated that berberine is a potential antidiabetic agent, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate if berberine exerts its hypoglycemic action via inhibiting intestinal disaccharidases using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received berberine (100 or 200 mg/kg) orally once daily or acarbose (40 mg/kg) orally twice daily for 5 weeks. Disaccharidase activities and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) complex messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in intestinal regions were assessed. The same treatment was operated in normal rats. Sucrose and maltose loading tests were also documented. In addition, Caco-2 cells were cultured in medium containing berberine or berberine plus chelerythrine. Compound C or H-89 for 5 days, disaccharidase activities, and SI complex mRNA levels were measured. The animal experiments showed that berberine significantly decreased the disaccharidase activities and SI complex mRNA expression both in diabetic rats and normal rats. Berberine can also significantly lower postprandial blood glucose levels induced by sucrose or maltose loading in normal rats. The cellular results showed that berberine may suppress disaccharidase activities and downregulate SI complex mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Only H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), may reverse the decrease in disaccharidase activities and SI complex mRNA expression induced by berberine. In conclusion, berberine suppresses disaccharidase activities and SI complex mRNA expression with beneficial metabolic effects in diabetic states. The inhibitory effect, at least partly, involves the PKA-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Nakamura M, Nakamura S, Oku T. Suppressive response of confections containing the extractive from leaves of Morus Alba on postprandial blood glucose and insulin in healthy human subjects. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2009; 6:29. [PMID: 19602243 PMCID: PMC2723107 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-6-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first aim of this study was to clarify the effective ratio of extractive from leaves of Morus Alba (ELM) to sucrose so as to apply this knowledge to the preparation of confections that could effectively suppress the elevation of postprandial blood glucose and insulin. The second aim was to identify the efficacy of confections prepared with the optimally effective ratio determined from the first study, using healthy human subjects. Methods Ten healthy females (22.3 years, BMI 21.4 kg/m2) participated in this within-subject, repeated measures study. For the first aim of this study, the test solutions containing 30 g of sucrose and 1.2 or 3.0 g of ELM were repeatedly and randomly given to each subject. To identify the practically suppressive effects on postprandial blood glucose and insulin, some confections with added ELM were prepared as follows: Mizu-yokan, 30 g of sucrose with the addition of 1.5 or 3.0 g ELM; Daifuku-mochi, 9.0 g of starch in addition to 30 g of sucrose and 1.5 or 3.0 g ELM; Chiffon-cake, 24 g of sucrose, starch, and 3.0 or 6.0 g of ELM, and were ingested by each subject. Blood and end-expiration were collected at selected periods after test food ingestion. Results When 30 g of sucrose with 1.2 or 3.0 g of ELM were ingested by subjects, the elevations of postprandial blood glucose and insulin were effectively suppressed (p < 0.01), and the most effective ratio of ELM to sucrose was evaluated to be 1:10. AUC (area under the curve) of breath hydrogen excretion for 6 h after the ingestion of an added 3 g of ELM significantly increased (p < 0.01). When AUCs-3h of incremental blood glucose of confections without ELM was 100, that of Mizu-yokan and Daifuku-mochi with the ratio (1:10) of ELM to sucrose was decreased to 53.4 and 58.2, respectively. Chiffon-cake added one-fourth ELM was 29.0. Conclusion ELM-containing confections for which the ratio of ELM and sucrose is one-tenth effectively suppress the postprandial blood glucose and insulin by inhibiting the intestinal sucrase, thus creating a prebiotic effect. The development of confections with ELM can therefore contribute to the prevention and the quality of life for prediabetic and diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nakamura
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, Siebold University of Nagasaki, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan.
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Moritoh Y, Takeuchi K, Hazama M. Chronic administration of voglibose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, increases active glucagon-like peptide-1 levels by increasing its secretion and decreasing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity in ob/ob mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:669-76. [PMID: 19208898 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.148056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose, increases the secretion of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, a key modulator of pancreatic islet hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis. In the present study, novel mechanisms by which voglibose increases active GLP-1 circulation were evaluated. Voglibose (0.001 and 0.005%) was administered in the diet to ob/ob mice for 1 day or 3 to 4 weeks to determine effects on incretin profiles and plasma activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), an enzyme responsible for GLP-1 degradation. Voglibose showed no direct inhibitory effect against DPP-4 in vitro (DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin, IC(50) < 10 nM). Likewise, 1-day treatment with voglibose did not change plasma DPP-4 activity; however, it increased plasma active GLP-1 by 1.6- to 3.4-fold. After chronic treatment, voglibose stimulated GLP-1 secretion, as evidenced by the 1.3- to 1.5-fold increase in plasma active plus inactive amidated GLP-1 levels. Plasma DPP-4 activity was decreased unexpectedly by 40 to 51%, resulting from reduced plasma DPP-4 concentrations in voglibose-treated mice. Voglibose increased GLP-1 content by 1.5- to 1.6-fold and 1.4- to 1.6-fold in the lower intestine and colon, respectively. The increased GLP-1 content in the colon was associated with elevated expression of gut glucagon gene. Chronic treatment with voglibose resulted in 1.9- to 4.1-fold increase in active GLP-1 circulation, which was higher than 1-day treatment. A similar treatment with pioglitazone (0.03%), an insulin sensitizer, did not affect plasma DPP-4 activity or GLP-1 levels. These results suggest that increased GLP-1 secretion, decreased DPP-4 activity, and increased gut GLP-1 content may have contributed to increased active GLP-1 circulation after chronic treatment with voglibose in a glucose control-independent manner in ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Moritoh
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan.
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FUJISE T, TERAHARA N, FUKUI K, SUGITA K, OHTA H, MATSUI T, MATSUMOTO K. Durable Antihyperglycemic Effect of 6-O-Caffeoylsophorose with .ALPHA.-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity in Rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.14.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Goda T, Suruga K, Komori A, Kuranuki S, Mochizuki K, Makita Y, Kumazawa T. Effects of miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on glycaemic status and histopathological changes in islets in non-obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:702-10. [PMID: 17537288 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507742678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Miglitol, a 1-deoxynojirimycin derivative, is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. In the present study, the effects of acute (single-dose) and chronic (8-week) oral administration of miglitol in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes, were investigated. Dose-dependent decreases in incremental blood glucose concentrations integrated over a period of 2 h (deltaAUC0-2 h) for values of blood glucose after sucrose-loading in miglitol-treated GK rats were observed following an acute oral administration of miglitol (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg body weight). At 10 mg/kg, the deltaAUC0-2 h of blood glucose was decreased by 45 % compared with the control group. Following the oral administration of miglitol in a dietary mixture (10 mg, 20 mg or 40 mg miglitol/100 g control diet) for 8 weeks, the ratio of HbA1c at 8 weeks compared with 0 weeks in GK rats treated with 40 mg miglitol/100 g control diet miglitol was significantly decreased compared with control GK rats without changes in body weight. In oral glucose tolerance testing, miglitol caused a slight decrease in the deltaAUC0-2 h of plasma glucose concentration. In addition, miglitol treatment slightly inhibited the reduction in beta-cell mass, and lessened the irregular contours and fibrosis of the islets in GK rats. These results indicate that miglitol ameliorates the hyperglycaemic state of GK rats and the impaired function of the pancreatic islets, as well as preventing the degeneration of islets in GK rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinao Goda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Oku T, Yamada M, Nakamura M, Sadamori N, Nakamura S. Inhibitory effects of extractives from leaves of Morus alba on human and rat small intestinal disaccharidase activity. Br J Nutr 2007; 95:933-8. [PMID: 16611383 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20061746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect on human and rat intestinal disaccharidase by the extractive from the leaves ofMorus alba (ELM) containing 0·24% 1-deoxynojirimycin equivalent and its inhibitory activities were investigated by the modified Dahlqvist method. In the presence of 1000-fold diluted ELM solution, the sucrase activity of four human samples was inhibited by 96% and that of maltase and isomaltase by 95 and 99 %, respectively. The activities of trehalase and lactase were inhibited by 44 and 38 %, respectively. The human disaccharidase activities varied from sample to sample because the samples were obtained from different resected regions after surgery. However, the ratio of the inhibitory effect for sucrase, maltase, isomaltase, trehalase and lactase was very similar among the four samples, and also that of resembled rat intestinal disaccharides. The inhibitory constant of the 1-deoxynojirimycin equivalent for sucrase, maltase and isomaltase was 2·1× 10−4, 2·5 × 10−4 and 4·5 10−4μM, respectively, and these inhibitory activities were shown, using rat brush border membrane vesicles, to be competitive. These results demonstrate that digestion is inhibited when an appropriate amount of ELM is orally ingested with sucrose or polysaccharide in man. When ELM was orally administered in a sucrose solution to fasted rats, the elevation in blood glucose was significantly suppressed, depending on the concentration of ELM given. These results suggest that ELM could be used as an ingredient in health foods and in foods that help to prevent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneyuki Oku
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, Siebold University of Nagasaki, Japan.
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McAnuff-Harding MA, Omoruyi FO, Asemota HN. Intestinal disaccharidases and some renal enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed sapogenin extract from bitter yam (Dioscorea polygonoides). Life Sci 2006; 78:2595-600. [PMID: 16497337 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of bitter yam sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin on intestinal disaccharidases and some renal enzymes in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetic male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with 1% sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for 3 weeks. Plasma glucose, intestinal disaccharidases and the activities of transaminases, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were assessed for the level of metabolic changes in the kidney of diabetic rats. Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in lactase and maltase activities in all three regions of the intestine compared to the diabetic control group. However, the test diets significantly reduced intestinal sucrase activity in the proximal and mid regions. Test diets supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the activities of the transaminases compared to the normal and diabetic control groups. The activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was significantly increased while the activities of ATP citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the kidney of the diabetic control rats compared to the normal group. Test diets supplementation did not significantly alter glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities compared to the diabetic control. However, there was a significant increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity toward the normal group. In conclusion, the consumption of bitter yam sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin demonstrated hypoglycemic properties, which are beneficial in diabetes by reducing intestinal disaccharidases activities; however, bitter yam sapogenin extract may adversely affect the integrity of kidney membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A McAnuff-Harding
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Kim YM, Jeong YK, Wang MH, Lee WY, Rhee HI. Inhibitory effect of pine extract on alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia. Nutrition 2005; 21:756-61. [PMID: 15925302 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the inhibitory effect of pine bark extract (PBE) and needle extract on carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and the hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice (Lep(ob) [ob/ob]). METHODS Pine bark and needle were dried and then placed in ethanol, and the extracts were assayed for the measurement of inhibition mode of PBE against alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20). We also investigated the effect of long-term treatment with extracts on levels of postprandial blood glucose, body weight, food efficiency ratio, and gene expression of glucose transporter-4 in quadriceps muscle in diabetic mice (Lep(ob) [ob/ob]). RESULTS The PBE showed competitive inhibition against salivary alpha-amylase and the combination of non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition against yeast alpha-glucosidase. In animal experiments, PBE effectively suppressed the increase of postprandial blood glucose level by delaying absorption of diet, and body weights of the group that received PBE were significantly lower than that in the group administered 0.5% carboxylmethyl cellulose (control) 21 d after administration. CONCLUSIONS PBE can be used to suppress postprandial hyperglycemia of diabetic patients. It also can be applied for control of obesity by decreasing the food efficiency ratio, especially carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mu Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
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Ai J, Du J, Wang N, Du ZM, Yang BF. Inhibition of small-intestinal sugar absorption mediated by sodium orthovanadate Na 3VO 4 in rats and its mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:3612-5. [PMID: 15534916 PMCID: PMC4612002 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i24.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effects of sodium orthovanadate on small-intestinal glucose and maltose absorption in rats and its mechanism.
METHODS: Normal Wistar rats were lavaged with sodium orthovanadate (16 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) for 6 d. Blood glucose values were measured after fasting and 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h after glucose and maltose feeding with oxidation-enzyme method. α-glucosidase was abstracted from the upper small intestine, and its activity was examined. mRNA expression of α-glucosidase and glucose-transporter 2 (GLUT2) in epithelial cells of the small intestine was observed by in situ hybridization.
RESULTS: Sodium orthovanadate could delay the increase of plasma glucose concentration after glucose and maltose loading, area under curve (AUC) in these groups was lower than that in control group. Sodium orthovanadate at dosages of 10 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 1000 μmol/L could suppress the activity of α-glucosidase in the small intestine of normal rats, with an inhibition rate of 68.18%, 87.22% and 91.91%, respectively. Sodium orthovanadate reduced mRNA expression of α-glucosidase and GLUT2 in epithelial cells of small intestine.
CONCLUSION: Sodium orthovanadate can reduce and delay the absorption of glucose and maltose. The mechanism may be that it can inhibit the activity and mRNA expression of α-glucosidase, as well as mRNA expression of GLUT2 in small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Bio-Pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province-Incubator of State Key Laboratory, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Adachi T, Mori C, Sakurai K, Shihara N, Tsuda K, Yasuda K. Morphological changes and increased sucrase and isomaltase activity in small intestines of insulin-deficient and type 2 diabetic rats. Endocr J 2003; 50:271-9. [PMID: 12940455 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.50.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of many nutrients. To investigate the contribution of carbohydrate digestion to diabetes mellitus, we examined the morphological changes of the small intestine, and the expression of sucrase-isomaltase, which is one of the intestinal disaccharidases, in diabetic model rat, that is the streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rat (insulin-deficient model), and the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (type 2 diabetic models). Intestinal hyperplasia was observed in STZ, OLETF, and GK rats. Moreover, in the small intestine of each diabetic strain, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-labeling index, which is a marker of proliferation, was higher than in the respective control. Cdx1 and Cdx2, known to be transcriptional factors related to intestinal proliferation and differentiation, were more highly expressed in STZ, OLETF and GK rats than in the respective controls. These findings indicate that small intestinal hyperplasia, and thereby the resultant increase of total activity of disaccharidases such as sucrase and isomaltase in the entire small intestine, might be one of the reasons for postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Adachi
- Center for Research and Development of Bioresources, Research Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
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Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2003; 19:248-55. [PMID: 12789659 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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