• Acute pancreatitis
• Biomarker
• DCA
• miR-146b-5p

• Humans
• MicroRNAs/blood
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Pancreatitis/genetics
• Pancreatitis/diagnosis
• Pancreatitis/blood
• Male
• Female
• Prognosis
• Middle Aged
• Biomarkers/blood
• Apoptosis
• Adult
• Cell Proliferation
• Acute Disease
• Aged
• ROC Curve

• ATG7
• Acute pancreatitis
• Risk factor
• inflammation
• miR-486–5p

• Canine
• Diabetes
• Pancreatitis
• β-cell

• Dogs
• Animals
• Dog Diseases/etiology
• Dog Diseases/drug therapy
• Diabetes Mellitus/veterinary
• Pancreatitis/veterinary
• Pancreas, Exocrine/pathology

• Pias1
• acute pancreatitis
• inflammatory injury
• miR-92a-3p
• mmu_circ_0000037

• Humans
• Acute Disease
• Amylases
• Ceruletide/toxicity
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• Pancreatitis/chemically induced
• Pancreatitis/genetics
• Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT/genetics
• Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins
• RNA, Circular/genetics

• acute pancreatitis
• diagnosis
• inflammation
• miR-374a-5p

• autophagy
• microRNA
• pancreatic stellate cells
• pancreatitis

• Animals
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Pancreatitis/genetics
• Pancreatitis/metabolism
• Pancreas/metabolism
• Pancreas, Exocrine/metabolism
• Acinar Cells/metabolism

• R01 DK124342 NIDDK NIH HHS
• DK124342 NIH HHS

• inflammation
• microRNA
• small non-coding RNA

Acute lung injury (ALI), a prevalent complication of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is also a leading contributor to respiratory failure and even death of SAP patients. Here, we intended to investigate the function and mechanism of stellate ganglion block (SGB) in ameliorating SAP-induced ALI (SAP-ALI). We engineered an SAP-ALI model in rats and treated them with SGB. HE staining and the dry and wet method were implemented to evaluate pathological alterations in the tissues and pulmonary edema. The rats serum changes of the profiles of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 were examined. The profiles of miR-155-5p and SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 were detected. Functional assays were performed for confirming the role of miR-155-5p in modulating the SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in pulmonary epithelial cells. Our findings revealed that SGB vigorously alleviated SAP rat lung tissue damage and lung edema and lessened the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. SGB enhanced SOCS5 expression, hampered miR-155-5p, and suppressed JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation. As evidenced by mechanism studies, miR-155-5p targeted the 3′UTR of SOCS5 and repressed its expression, hence resulting in JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation. During animal trials, we discovered that SGB ameliorated SAP-ALI, boosted SOCS5 expression, and mitigated the levels of pro-inflammatory factors and miR-155-5p in the plasma. In vitro, miR-155-5p overexpression substantially facilitated pulmonary epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation, and JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation and restrained SOCS5 expression. All in all, our work hinted that SGB could modulate the miR-155-5p/SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 axis to alleviate SAP-ALI.

• Humans
• Acinar Cells/metabolism
• Acute Disease
• Inflammation
• Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
• Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
• Pancreatitis/genetics
• Phosphate-Binding Proteins/genetics
• Phosphate-Binding Proteins/metabolism
• Pyroptosis
• Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics
• Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism
• Up-Regulation

• acute lung injury
• acute pancreatitis
• diagnosis
• exosome
• non-coding RNA
• targeted therapy

• 2019YFE0119300 National Key R&D Program of China
• 82104594 National Natural Science Foundation of China

• Acute pancreatitis
• Necroptosis
• RIPK3
• miR-325-3p

• Acute pancreatitis
• caerulein
• circ_0000284
• miR-10a-5p

• Acute pancreatitis
• Molecular markers
• Pathogenic mechanism
• Treatment
• microRNAs

• Acute Disease
• Biomarkers/metabolism
• Blotting, Western
• Capillary Leak Syndrome/etiology
• Capillary Leak Syndrome/metabolism
• Down-Regulation
• Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
• Humans
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Pancreatitis/genetics
• Pancreatitis/metabolism
• Pancreatitis/physiopathology
• Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Up-Regulation

• Acute pancreatitis
• Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3
• miR-193a-5p
• miR-320-5p

• Acute pancreatitis
• Biomarkers
• Diagnostics
• Dysbiosis
• Gut microbiota

• Acute Disease
• Dysbiosis
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Humans
• Pancreatitis/therapy
• Prebiotics
• Probiotics/therapeutic use

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disorder. MicroRNAs play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of AP. In this article, we explored the detailed role and molecular mechanisms of miR-146b-3p in AP progression.

The rat AR42J cells were treated with cerulein to establish the AP model in vitro. The miR-146b-3p and Annexin A2 (Anxa2) mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and apoptosis were tested using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Caspase-3 activity and the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qRT-PCR. Targeted interaction between miR-146b-3p and Anxa2 was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of Anxa2 protein.

Our data revealed that miR-146b-3p was significantly downregulated in AP samples. The enforced expression of miR-146b-3p alleviated cerulein-induced injury in AR42J cells, as evidenced by the promotion in cell viability and the repression in cell apoptosis, as well as the reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production. Anxa2 was directly targeted and inhibited by miR-146b-3p. Moreover, the alleviative effect of miR-146b-3p overexpression on cerulein-induced AR42J cell injury was mediated by Anxa2.

The current work had led to the identification of miR-146b-3p overexpression that protected against cerulein-induced injury in AR42J cells at least in part by targeting Anxa2, revealing a promising target for AP diagnosis and treatment.

• AR42J
• Anxa2
• acute pancreatitis
• cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis
• miR-146b-3p

To study correlations between expression of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) and immunoglobulin and inflammatory cytokines in serum of patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS).

Eighty-four patients with GBS were selected as the experimental group and 50 healthy individuals as controls. Reverse transcription-PCR was used to detect expression of miR-146a in peripheral blood of all participants. Immunoturbidometric assay was used to detect immunoglobulins (Ig)G, IgA, and IgM in peripheral blood of all participants. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA in peripheral blood. The expression of miR-146a was compared between the two groups and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze correlations between miR-146a and immunoglobulin and inflammatory factors.

Expression of miR-146a was higher in the GBS group than in controls. Expression of IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and IgG was significantly higher in the GBS group than in controls. miR-146a was significantly and positively correlated with IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and IgG but not with IgA and IgM.

The expression profile of miR-146a in patients with GBS differs from that in healthy individuals. Thus, miR-146a may participate in the pathogenesis of GBS by regulating immune and inflammatory responses.

• Guillain–Barré syndrome
• correlation
• cytokines
• immunoglobulins
• inflammatory response
• microRNA-146a

• Acute pancreatitis
• MKK3-p38 pathway
• TRAF3
• miR-92b-3p

• Acinar Cells/metabolism
• Animals
• Autophagy/genetics
• Cell Line
• Ceruletide/toxicity
• Cytokines/metabolism
• Inflammation/genetics
• MAP Kinase Kinase 3/metabolism
• MicroRNAs/genetics
• MicroRNAs/immunology
• MicroRNAs/metabolism
• Pancreas/metabolism
• Rats
• Signal Transduction/genetics
• TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3/genetics
• TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3/metabolism
• p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a malignant tumor which is a challenge for diagnosis and is associated with a poor patient prognosis. Thus, early diagnostic interventions will improve the quality of life and life expectancy of these patients. Recently, cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be involved in maintaining homeostasis, and abnormal miRNA expression has often been observed in various diseases including cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by many cells contain proteins and nucleic acids. miRNAs are secreted from all cells via EVs and circulate throughout the body. In this study, culture media were passed sequentially through membrane filters 220–50 nm in size, and EVs with diameters of 50 to 220 nm (EVcap50/220) were collected. miRNAs (EV50-miRNAs) in EVcap50/220 were purified, and microarray analysis was performed. EV50-miRNA expression profiles were compared between MPM cells and a normal pleural mesothelial cell line, and six EV50-miRNAs were selected for further investigation. Of these, hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-551b-5p demonstrated higher expression in MPM-derived EVcap50/220. These miRNAs reduced the expression of several genes involved in cell-cell interactions and cell-matrix interactions in normal pleural mesothelial cells. Our data suggest that hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-551b-5p in EVcap50/220 could be diagnostic markers for MPM.

• FGFR2
• MEG3
• acute pancreatitis
• caerulein
• miR-195-5p

• CASC2
• CtBP
• PCAF
• acute pancreatitis
• c-MYC

To explore potential biomarkers to accurately diagnose patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) at early stage and to auxiliary clinicians implement the best treatment options.

We selected 3 patients with AP and 3 healthy controls for microarray analysis to obtain differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs). To further verify the results of the microarray analysis, the six differentially expressed circRNAs were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of differentially expressed circRNAs were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A ceRNA network was constructed based on the 6 differentially expressed circRNAs.

There were 25 upregulated circRNAs and 26 downregulated circRNAs in the blood of patients with AP. Next, the qPCR verification results further confirmed three downregulated circRNAs, including hsa_circRNA_002532, has_circRNA_059665, and hsa_circRNA_104156, and three upregulated circRNAs including hsa_circRNA_101015, hsa_circRNA_101211, and hsa_circRNA_103470. Among them, hsa_circRNA_101015, hsa_circRNA_101211, and hsa_circRNA_103470 increased with the severity of the disease. ROC analysis showed that the three circRNA models show promise to diagnose AP. And a ceRNA network revealed that above six circRNAs could participate in complex regulated network.

Elevated hsa_circRNA_101015, hsa_circRNA_101211, and hsa_circRNA_103470 could be used as novel biomarkers to diagnose AP patients.

• AP
• B3GALT5-AS1
• NF-κB signals
• NFIL3
• miR-203

• acute pancreatitis
• diagnosis
• microRNAs
• pathogenesis
• therapy

Pancreatic acinar cell proliferation and apoptosis are closely related to the development of acute pancreatitis (AP). MicroRMAs (miRNAs) participate in cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating target gene expression, and identification of miRNA molecules related to pancreatic acinar cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for clinical diagnosis and treatment of AP.

To investigate the effect of miRNA-7a-5p on the proliferation and apoptosis of acinar cells in AP and the underlying mechanism.

A caerulin-induced AP model was constructed using pancreatitis acinar AR42J cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miR-7a-5p and protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (PIAS1) in control AR42J cells and cerulein induced AR42J cells. After anti-miR-7a-5p and pcDNA-PIAS1 were transfected into AR42J cells, the proliferation of AR42J cells was detected by MTT assay, and the apoptosis of AR42J cells was detected by flow cytometry. The luciferase reporter system was used to detect the targeted regulation of PIAS1 gene by miR-7a-5p, and Western blot was used to detect the regulation of PIAS1 protein expression by miR-7a-5p. To silence PIAS1 expression by RNA interference, si-PIAS1 and its negative control plasmid were transfected into anti-miR-7a-5p treated AR42J cells, and the proliferation and apoptosis of AR42J cells were detected.

Compared with control AR42J cells, the expression level of miR-7a-5p was significantly increased in cerulein induced AR42J cells (P < 0.05), and the expression of PIAS1 protein was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Inhibition of miR-7a-5p expression promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of AR42J cells. MiR-7a-5p could negatively regulate the expression of its target gene PIAS1. Overexpression of PIAS1 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of AR42J cells. Compared with the anti-miR-7a-5p + si-NC group, the activity of AR42J cells in the anti-miR-7a-5p + si-PIAS1 group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P < 0.05).

MiR-7a-5p can promote the apoptosis of acinar cells and reduce the proliferation of cells in AP by inhibiting the expression of PIAS1.

• MiR-7a-5p
• Acute pancreatitis
• Pancreatic acinar cells
• Proliferation
• Apoptosis

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of four microRNAs (miRNAs) in an acute pancreatic injury dog model. Acute pancreatitis was induced by infusion of cerulein for 2 h (7.5 μg/kg/h). The levels of well-known miRNAs, microRNA-216a (miR-216a) and microRNA-375 (miR-375), and new candidates microRNA-551b (miR-551b), and microRNA-7 (miR-7), were measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h with serum amylase and lipase, and histopathological examination was performed. Among the four miRNAs, miR-216a and miR-375, and serum enzymes were significantly increased by cerulein treatment. The expression levels of miRNAs and serum enzymes peaked at 2–6 h with a similar pattern; however, the overall increases in miR-216a and miR-375 levels were much higher than those of the serum enzyme biomarkers. Increased levels of miR-216a and miR-375 were most highly correlated to the degree of individual histopathological injuries of the pancreas, and showed much greater dynamic response than serum enzyme biomarkers. Twenty-four-hour time-course analysis in this study revealed time-dependent changes of miRNA expression levels, from initial increase to decrease by predose level in acute pancreatitis. Our findings demonstrate that, in dogs, miR-216a and miR-375 have the potential to sensitively detect pancreatitis and reflect well the degree of pancreatic injury, whereas miR-551b and miR-7 do not.

• beagle dog
• miRNA-216a
• miRNA-375
• miRNA-551b
• miRNA-7
• pancreatitis

• Biomarker, Inflammatory cytokines
• Severe acute pancreatitis
• miR-551b-5p

Inflammation is a complicated biological and pathophysiological cascade of responses to infections and injuries, and inflammatory mechanisms are closely related to many diseases. The magnitude, the complicated network of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, and the direction of the inflammatory response can impact on the development and progression of various disorders. The currently available treatment strategies often target the symptoms and not the causes of inflammatory disease and may often be ineffective. Since the onset and termination of inflammation are crucial to prevent tissue damage, a range of mechanisms has evolved in nature to regulate the process including negative and positive feedback loops. In this regard, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key gene regulators to control inflammation, and it is speculated that they are fine-tune signaling regulators to allow for proper resolution and prevent uncontrolled progress of inflammatory reactions. In this review, we discuss recent findings related to significant roles of miRNAs in immune regulation, especially the potential utility of these molecules as novel anti-inflammatory agents to treat inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the possibilities of using miRNAs as drugs in the form of miRNA mimics or miRNA antagonists.

• anti-inflammatory microRNA
• immune regulation
• inflammation
• inflammatory diseases
• microRNA

It has been reported that several microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-141, miR-9, and miR-122, are involved in the regulation of pancreatitis-related proteins or that their levels change in acute pancreatitis (AP) animal models. However, the serum levels, as well as the clinical diagnostic and prognostic values, of these miRNAs in AP patients remain unclear. Furthermore, as a pancreas- (islet) enriched miRNA, miR-7 was reported to be downregulated in AP patients, which requires further verification.

The levels of miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141 were examined and compared using qRT-PCR among 80 severe AP patients, 80 mild AP patients, and 74 healthy controls.

The serum levels of these four miRNAs were increased markedly in the AP patients compared with the controls, and these levels decreased significantly after effective therapy. Particularly, the level of miR-7 was higher in severe AP patients than in mild AP patients. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that four miRNAs could be used as potential biomarkers for AP. Moreover, these miRNAs showed strong positive correlations with CRP, which may be associated with inflammation.

The serum miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141 levels were increased in AP patients. These 4 miRNAs may represent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for AP.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that featured by acute inflammatory responses leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or multiple organ failure. A worldwide increase in annual incidence has been observed during the past decade with high acute hospitalization and mortality. Lack of any specific treatment for AP, even to this day, is a reminder that there is much to be learned about the exact pathogenesis of AP. Fortunately, the discovery of microRNA (miRNA) has started an entirely new thought process regarding the molecular mechanism associated with the disease processes. Given the extensive effort made on miRNA research, certain types of miRNA have been identified across a variety of biological processes, including cell differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Mutations in miRNA sequences or deregulation of miRNA expression may contribute to the alteration of a pivotal physiological function leading to AP. Designing miRNA-related tools for AP diagnosis and treatment presents a novel and potential research frontier. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of various miRNAs closely interacting with AP and the possible development of targeted miRNA therapies in this disease, which may benefit the development of potential disease biomarkers and novel treatment targets for future medical implications.

• acute pancreatitis
• biomarker
• microRNA
• target gene
• therapeutic tool

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of pancreas. Early diagnosis will improve the prognosis of patients. This study aimed to obtain serum miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis of CP. In the current study, we analyzed the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) of CP patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the DEmiRs in plasma of early CP patients (n = 10) from clinic by miRNA microarrays. Expression levels of DEmiRs were further tested in clinical samples including early CP patients (n = 20), late CP patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 18). The primary endpoints were area under curve (AUC) and expression levels of DEmiRs. Four DEmiRs (hsa-miR-320a-d) were obtained from GEO CP, meanwhile two (hsa-miR-221 and hsa-miR-130a) were identified as distinct biomarkers of early CP by miRNA microarrays. When applied on clinical serum samples, hsa-miR-320a-d were accurate in predicting late CP, while hsa-miR-221 and hsa-miR-130a were accurate in predicting early CP with AUC of 100.0% and 87.5%. Our study indicates that miRNA expression profile is different in early and late CP. Hsa-miR-221 and hsa-miR-130a are biomarkers of early CP, and the panel of the above 6 serum miRNAs has the potential to be applied clinically for early diagnosis of CP.

• Acute pancreatitis
• Biomarker
• Severe acute pancreatitis
• miR-216a
• microRNA 216

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the pancreas that can develop into a complicated clinical course with severe local and systemic complications, resulting in a prolonged clinical course with considerable mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression, have potential value in clinical research and biomarker discovery. In recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that miRNAs may act as potential biomarkers for pancreatic tissue injury, and much attention has been paid to those miRNAs involved in acute pancreatitis. However, the role of miRNAs in acute pancreatitis has been validated in very few clinical studies. A better understanding of the role that miRNAs play in acute pancreatitis can lead to the development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools for future clinical applications.

• Acute pancreatitis
• Biomarker
• MicroRNA
• Gene expression regulation
• Pancreatic injury

There are several malignancies of the digestive system (including gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma), which are the most common types of cancer and a major cause of death worldwide. MicroRNA (miR)-7 is abundant in the pancreas, playing an important role in pancreatic development and endocrine function. Expression of miR-7 is downregulated in digestive system malignancies compared with normal tissue. Although there are contrasting results for miR-7 expression, almost all research reveals that miR-7 is a tumor suppressor, by targeting various genes in specific pathways. Moreover, miR-7 can target different genes simultaneously in different malignancies of the digestive system. By acting on many cytokines, miR-7 is also involved in many gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases as a significant carcinogenic factor. Consequently, miR-7 might be a biomarker or therapeutic target gene in digestive system malignancies.

• MicroRNA-7
• Digestive system malignancy
• Tumor biomarker
• Target gene
• Inflammation

• Acute pancreatitis
• Biomarkers
• Endothelial dysfunction
• Patient stratification
• Predictors
• microRNA

• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Histological grade
• Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
• MicroRNA
• Microarray
• Opisthorchis viverrini