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Tüsüz Önata E, Özdemir Ö. Fecal microbiota transplantation in allergic diseases. World J Methodol 2025; 15:101430. [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v15.i2.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites living in the human intestine constitute the human intestinal microbiota. Dysbiosis refers to compositional and quantitative changes that negatively affect healthy gut microbiota. In recent years, with the demonstration that many diseases are associated with dysbiosis, treatment strategies targeting the correction of dysbiosis in the treatment of these diseases have begun to be investigated. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the process of transferring faeces from a healthy donor to another recipient in order to restore the gut microbiota and provide a therapeutic benefit. FMT studies have gained popularity after probiotic, prebiotic, symbiotic studies in the treatment of dysbiosis and related diseases. FMT has emerged as a potential new therapy in the treatment of allergic diseases as it is associated with the maintenance of intestinal microbiota and immunological balance (T helper 1/T helper 2 cells) and thus suppression of allergic responses. In this article, the definition, application, safety and use of FMT in allergic diseases will be discussed with current data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Tüsüz Önata
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Sakarya University, Adapazarı 54100, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Öner Özdemir
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Sakarya University, Adapazarı 54100, Sakarya, Türkiye
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Kushkevych I, Dvořáková M, Dordevic D, Futoma-Kołoch B, Gajdács M, Al-Madboly LA, Abd El-Salam M. Advances in gut microbiota functions in inflammatory bowel disease: Dysbiosis, management, cytotoxicity assessment, and therapeutic perspectives. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2025; 27:851-868. [PMID: 40115534 PMCID: PMC11925123 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2025] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, have become increasingly prevalent across all human generations. Despite advances in diagnosis, effective long-term therapeutic options remain limited, with many patients experiencing recurrent symptoms after treatment. The multifactorial origins of ulcerative colitis are widely recognized, but the intestinal microbiome, particularly bacteria from the Desulfovibrionaceae family, is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease. These bacteria contribute significantly to gut microbial functions, yet their cytotoxic and viability characteristics under disease conditions remain poorly understood. Our review provides insights on recent advancements in methodologies for assessing the cytotoxicity and viability of anaerobic intestinal bacteria, with a specific focus on their relevance to gut health and disease. We introduce overview from current literature on modern techniques including flow cytometry, high-throughput screening, and molecular-based assays, highlighting their applications in understanding the role of Desulfovibrionaceae and other gut microbes in IBD pathogenesis. By bridging methodological advancements with functional implications, this review aims to enhance our understanding of gut microbiota-host interactions, which are crucial for maintaining health and preventing disease through immune modulation, where microbiota help regulate immune responses and prevent excessive inflammation; nutrient metabolism, including the breakdown of dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids that support gut health; and colonization resistance, where beneficial microbes outcompete harmful pathogens to maintain microbial balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kushkevych
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Dvořáková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dani Dordevic
- Department of Plant Origin Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Bożena Futoma-Kołoch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, ul. S. Przybyszewskiego 63, Wrocław 51-148, Poland
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 62-64, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Salam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
- Instituto de Formación Continua IL3, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08018, Spain
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Dewey CW. Poop for thought: Can fecal microbiome transplantation improve cognitive function in aging dogs? Open Vet J 2025; 15:556-564. [PMID: 40201831 PMCID: PMC11974304 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2025.v15.i2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is the dog version of human Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it has strikingly similar pathological features to those of this neurodegenerative disorder. The gastrointestinal system is in constant communication with the brain via several conduits collectively termed the gut-brain axis. The microbial population of the gut, referred to as the microbiota, has a profound effect on the interactions that occur along this communication route. Recent evidence suggests that dysbiosis, an abnormal gastrointestinal microbial population, is linked to cognitive impairment in rodent AD models and human AD. There is also evidence from rodent AD models that correcting dysbiosis by transferring fecal material from healthy donors to the gastrointestinal tracts of cognitively impaired recipients [fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT)] reverses AD-associated brain pathology and improves cognitive function. Although limited, some clinical reports have described the improvement of cognitive function with FMT in human AD. The goals of this review article are to provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in dysbiosis- associated cognitive decline and the role of FMT in therapy for such decline. The potential role of FMT in CCD is also discussed.
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Qiao T, Wen XH. Exploring gut microbiota as a novel therapeutic target in Crohn's disease: Insights and emerging strategies. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31:100827. [PMID: 39811502 PMCID: PMC11684203 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i2.100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has investigated the etiology of Crohn's disease (CD), encompassing genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and environmental triggers. Recently, the gut microbiome, recognized as the human body's second-largest gene pool, has garnered significant attention for its crucial role in the pathogenesis of CD. This paper investigates the mechanisms underlying CD, focusing on the role of 'creeping fat' in disease progression and exploring emerging therapeutic strategies, including fecal microbiota transplantation, enteral nutrition, and therapeutic diets. Creeping fat has been identified as a unique pathological feature of CD and has recently been found to be associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. We characterize this dysbiotic state by identifying key microbiome-bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, and their contributions to CD pathogenesis. Additionally, this paper reviews contemporary therapies, emphasizing the potential of biological therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary interventions. By elucidating the complex interactions between host-microbiome dynamics and CD pathology, this article aims to advance our understanding of the disease and guide the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for managing CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xian-Hui Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang J, Wang X, Zhuo E, Chen B, Chan S. Gut‑liver axis in liver disease: From basic science to clinical treatment (Review). Mol Med Rep 2025; 31:10. [PMID: 39450549 PMCID: PMC11541166 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Incidence of a number of liver diseases has increased. Gut microbiota serves a role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Gut microbiota is considered 'a new virtual metabolic organ'. The interaction between the gut microbiota and liver is termed the gut‑liver axis. The gut‑liver axis provides a novel research direction for mechanism of liver disease development. The present review discusses the role of the gut‑liver axis and how this can be targeted by novel treatments for common liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Enba Zhuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Bangjie Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Chan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Druszczynska M, Sadowska B, Kulesza J, Gąsienica-Gliwa N, Kulesza E, Fol M. The Intriguing Connection Between the Gut and Lung Microbiomes. Pathogens 2024; 13:1005. [PMID: 39599558 PMCID: PMC11597816 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microbiome research have uncovered a dynamic and complex connection between the gut and lungs, known as the gut-lung axis. This bidirectional communication network plays a critical role in modulating immune responses and maintaining respiratory health. Mediated by immune interactions, metabolic byproducts, and microbial communities in both organs, this axis demonstrates how gut-derived signals, such as metabolites and immune modulators, can reach the lung tissue via systemic circulation, influencing respiratory function and disease susceptibility. To explore the implications of this connection, we conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2001 and 2024 (with as much as nearly 60% covering the period 2020-2024), using keywords such as "gut-lung axis", "microbiome", "respiratory disease", and "immune signaling". Studies were selected based on their relevance to gut-lung communication mechanisms, the impact of dysbiosis, and the role of the gut microbiota in respiratory diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the gut-lung microbiome axis, emphasizing its importance in regulating inflammatory and immune responses linked to respiratory health. Understanding this intricate pathway opens new avenues for microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies, which could offer promising interventions for respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and even infections. The insights gained through this research underscore the potential of the gut-lung axis as a novel target for preventative and therapeutic approaches in respiratory medicine, with implications for enhancing both gut and lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Druszczynska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (B.S.); (N.G.-G.); (M.F.)
| | - Beata Sadowska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (B.S.); (N.G.-G.); (M.F.)
| | - Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Nikodem Gąsienica-Gliwa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (B.S.); (N.G.-G.); (M.F.)
| | - Ewelina Kulesza
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (B.S.); (N.G.-G.); (M.F.)
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Mroke P, Goit R, Rizwan M, Tariq S, Rizwan AW, Umer M, Nassar FF, Torijano Sarria AJ, Singh D, Baig I. Implications of the Gut Microbiome in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e73681. [PMID: 39677207 PMCID: PMC11646158 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.73681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with its prevalence doubling approximately every decade. It is a significant contributor to disability-adjusted life-years in individuals aged 50 and older, impacting a substantial portion of this population globally. The pathophysiology of AD is primarily explained by two hypotheses: the amyloid cascade hypothesis and the tau hypothesis. While the amyloid cascade hypothesis is widely accepted as the main contributor to AD, both mechanisms promote neuroinflammation by driving the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles, which are key features of the neurodegenerative process. Recent studies highlight the critical role of the gut microbiome (GMB) in the progression of AD. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to neuroinflammation, altered Aβ metabolism, blood-brain barrier disruption, and changes in neuroactive metabolites. Targeting the GMB offers potential therapeutic avenues aimed at restoring microbial balance and mitigating the effects of dysbiosis. The gut-brain axis, crucial for neurological health, remains underexplored in AD, especially since current research is limited to animal models and small human studies, leaving uncertainty about specific gut bacteria's roles in AD. Currently, pharmacological treatments for AD include cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. This review discusses newer and emerging treatments targeting Aβ and tau pathology, alongside microbiome-based interventions. Larger, human-based studies with diverse populations are essential to establish the therapeutic efficacy of these microbiome-targeted treatments and their long-term impact on AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palvi Mroke
- Internal Medicine, Caribbean Medical University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
| | - Raman Goit
- Internal Medicine, Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation, San Carlos City, PHL
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Internal Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan, PAK
| | - Saba Tariq
- Internal Medicine, Amna Inayat Medical College Pakistan, Lahore, PAK
| | | | - Muhammad Umer
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Fariha F Nassar
- Internal Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Dilpreet Singh
- Internal Medicine, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, USA
| | - Imran Baig
- Internal Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
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Keshet A, Segal E. Identification of gut microbiome features associated with host metabolic health in a large population-based cohort. Nat Commun 2024; 15:9358. [PMID: 39472574 PMCID: PMC11522474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex relationship between the gut microbiome and host metabolic health has been an emerging research area. Several recent studies have highlighted the potential effects of the microbiome's diversity, composition and metabolic production capabilities on Body Mass Index (BMI), liver health, glucose homeostasis and Type-2 Diabetes (T2D). The majority of these studies were constrained by relatively small cohorts, mostly focusing on individuals with metabolic disorders, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the microbiome's role in metabolic health. Leveraging a large-scale, comprehensive cohort of nearly 9000 individuals, measured using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan and liver Ultrasound (US) we examined the functional profile of the gut microbiome, and its relation to 38 metabolic health measures. We identified 145 unique bacterial pathways significantly correlated with metabolic health measures, with 86.9% of these showing significant associations with more than one metabolic health measure. Furthermore, 87,678 unique bacterial gene families were found to be significantly associated with at least one metabolic health measure. Notably, "key" bacterial pathways such as purine ribonucleosides degradation and anaerobic energy metabolism demonstrated multiple robust associations across various metabolic health measures, highlighting their potential roles in regulating metabolic processes. Our results remained largely unchanged after adjustments for nutritional habits and for BMI they were replicated in a geographically independent cohort. These insights pave the way for future research and potentially the development of microbiome-targeted interventions to enhance metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayya Keshet
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Quera R, Nuñez P, von Muhlenbrock C, Espinoza R. Fecal microbiota transplantation through colonoscopy in the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile: Experience at a university center. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2024:S2255-534X(24)00082-3. [PMID: 39393976 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of cases of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) respond to antibiotic treatment. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been accepted as an effective treatment in cases of recurrent CDI. AIM Our aim was to describe the clinical results of FMT performed for the treatment of recurrent CDI. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on patients with recurrent CDI treated with FMT through colonoscopy, within the time frame of January 2021 and December 2023. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including pre-FMT treatment data, the FMT success rate, and clinical progression during follow-up. Telephone surveys were carried out to evaluate satisfaction. RESULTS Thirteen patients with a mean age of 55 years underwent FMT (including 7 patients above 65 years of age and one pregnant woman). Patients presented with a median of 3 previous episodes of CDI (range 2-4). The median time interval from first episode of CDI to FMT was 4 months (range 3-10). The effectiveness of a single FMT session was 100%. During post-FMT follow-up (median of 11 months, range 3-32), 3 patients have presented with a new CDI episode, and a successful second FMT was performed on 2 of them. No adverse events were registered, and all patients had a positive perception of FMT. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, despite its small size, FMT through colonoscopy was shown to be a safe, effective, and lasting therapy in cases of recurrent CDI, concurring with results from larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Quera
- Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Centro de Enfermedades Digestivas, Medicina Interna, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - P Nuñez
- Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Centro de Enfermedades Digestivas, Medicina Interna, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Sección de Gastroenterología, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Sección de Gastroenterología, Facultad Medicina Occidente, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - C von Muhlenbrock
- Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Centro de Enfermedades Digestivas, Medicina Interna, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Sección de Gastroenterología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - R Espinoza
- Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Sección de Infectología, Medicina Interna Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Quera R, Nuñez P, von Muhlenbrock C, Espinoza R. Trasplante de microbiota fecal mediante colonoscopia en el tratamiento de la infección por Clostridioides difficile recurrente: Experiencia de un Centro Universitario. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2024; 89:513-520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
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Han Z, Sun J, Jiang B, Chen K, Ge L, Sun Z, Wang A. Fecal microbiota transplantation accelerates restoration of florfenicol-disturbed intestinal microbiota in a fish model. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1006. [PMID: 39152200 PMCID: PMC11329668 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in the fish gut causes significant adverse effects. We use fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to accelerate the restoration of florfenicol-perturbed intestinal microbiota in koi carp, identifying key bacterial populations and metabolites involved in the recovery process through microbiome and metabolome analyses. We demonstrate that florfenicol disrupts intestinal microbiota, reducing beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Romboutsia, and Faecalibacterium, and causing mucosal injuries. Key metabolites, including aromatic amino acids and glutathione-related compounds, are diminished. We show that FMT effectively restores microbial populations, repairs intestinal damage, and normalizes critical metabolites, while natural recovery is less effective. Spearman correlation analyses reveal strong associations between the identified bacterial genera and the levels of aromatic amino acids and glutathione-related metabolites. This study underscores the potential of FMT to counteract antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and maintain fish intestinal health. The restored microbiota and normalized metabolites provide a basis for developing personalized probiotic therapies for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Boyun Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lunhua Ge
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongshi Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anli Wang
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Huang Z, Cheng Y. Oral microbiota transplantation for intra-oral halitosis: a feasibility analysis based on an oral microbiota colonization trial in Wistar rats. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:170. [PMID: 38760711 PMCID: PMC11100045 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) is bad breath produced locally by the mouth in addition to systemic diseases and is one of the main causes of interpersonal communication and psychological disorders in modern society. However, current treatment modalities still only alleviate IOH and do not eradicate it. Therefore, based on the differential performance of oral microecology in IOH patients, we propose a microbiota transplantation treatment aimed at restoring oral microecological balance and analyze its feasibility by oral flora colonization test in Wistar rats. OBJECTIVE Saliva flora samples were collected from IOH patients and healthy subjects to analyze the feasibility of oral microbiota transplantation (OMT) for the treatment of IOH by the Wistar rat oral flora colonization test. METHODS Seven patients with IOH who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2017 to June 2022 with the main complaint of halitosis and three healthy subjects were randomly selected. A Halimeter portable breath detector was used to record breath values and collect saliva flora samples. Sixteen SPF-grade male Wistar rats were housed in the Animal Experiment Center of Xinjiang Medical University and randomly divided into an experimental group (Group E) and a control group (Group C) for the oral flora colonization test. Species composition and associated metabolic analysis of oral flora during the Wistar rat test using 16SrRNA sequencing technology and PICRUSt metabolic analysis. Also, the changes in the breath values of the rats were recorded during the test. RESULTS The proportion of Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, and Peptostreptococcus was significantly higher in group E compared to group C after colonization of salivary flora of IOH patients (all P < 0.05), and the abundance with Gemella was zero before colonization, while no colonization was seen in group C after colonization compared to baseline. PICRUSt metabolic analysis also showed significantly enhanced IOH-related metabolic pathways after colonization in group E (all P < 0.05), as well as significantly higher breath values compared to baseline and group C (all P < 0.0001). After colonization by salivary flora from healthy subjects, group E rats showed a decrease in the abundance of associated odor-causing bacteria colonization, a reduction in associated metabolism, and a significant decrease in breath values. In contrast, group C also showed differential changes in flora structure and breath values compared to baseline after salivary flora colonization of IOH patients. CONCLUSIONS OMT for IOH is a promising green treatment option, but the influence of environmental factors and individual differences still cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393th Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Yongbo Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology I, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393th Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
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Wang Y, Hunt A, Danziger L, Drwiega EN. A Comparison of Currently Available and Investigational Fecal Microbiota Transplant Products for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:436. [PMID: 38786164 PMCID: PMC11117328 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an intestinal infection that causes morbidity and mortality and places significant burden and cost on the healthcare system, especially in recurrent cases. Antibiotic overuse is well recognized as the leading cause of CDI in high-risk patients, and studies have demonstrated that even short-term antibiotic exposure can cause a large and persistent disturbance to human colonic microbiota. The recovery and sustainability of the gut microbiome after dysbiosis have been associated with fewer CDI recurrences. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) refers to the procedure in which human donor stool is processed and transplanted to a patient with CDI. It has been historically used in patients with pseudomembranous colitis even before the discovery of Clostridioides difficile. More recent research supports the use of FMT as part of the standard therapy of recurrent CDI. This article will be an in-depth review of five microbiome therapeutic products that are either under investigation or currently commercially available: Rebyota (fecal microbiota, live-jslm, formerly RBX2660), Vowst (fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk, formerly SER109), VE303, CP101, and RBX7455. Included in this review is a comparison of the products' composition and dosage forms, available safety and efficacy data, and investigational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Aaron Hunt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Larry Danziger
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Emily N. Drwiega
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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14
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Ralhan K, Iyer KA, Diaz LL, Bird R, Maind A, Zhou QA. Navigating Antibacterial Frontiers: A Panoramic Exploration of Antibacterial Landscapes, Resistance Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1483-1519. [PMID: 38691668 PMCID: PMC11091902 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective antibacterial solutions has become paramount in maintaining global health in this era of increasing bacterial threats and rampant antibiotic resistance. Traditional antibiotics have played a significant role in combating bacterial infections throughout history. However, the emergence of novel resistant strains necessitates constant innovation in antibacterial research. We have analyzed the data on antibacterials from the CAS Content Collection, the largest human-curated collection of published scientific knowledge, which has proven valuable for quantitative analysis of global scientific knowledge. Our analysis focuses on mining the CAS Content Collection data for recent publications (since 2012). This article aims to explore the intricate landscape of antibacterial research while reviewing the advancement from traditional antibiotics to novel and emerging antibacterial strategies. By delving into the resistance mechanisms, this paper highlights the need to find alternate strategies to address the growing concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leilani Lotti Diaz
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Robert Bird
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ankush Maind
- ACS
International India Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411044, India
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15
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Obaid NA. Alternative treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in adults by fecal transplantation: an overview of phase I-IV studies from Clinicaltrials.gov. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1374774. [PMID: 38784794 PMCID: PMC11111976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1374774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an interventional approach to treat chronic and recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). However, there is insufficient evidence regarding its effectiveness and safety. Clinical trials have been conducted to inspect the safety and effectiveness of FMT with and without comparison to pharmacological treatments. Aim This review explored the treatment of CDI in adults using FMT and evaluated the safety of this intervention based on phase I-IV studies registered on Clinicaltrials.gov. Method A comprehensive search of Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted to identify relevant studies that investigated CDI in adults. Data on study type, study design, sample size, intervention details, and outcomes related to FMT were examined and evaluated. Results In total, 13 clinical trials on FMT for CDI published through 17 November 2023 were identified, all of which were interventional studies. The investigation focused on both terminated and completed studies. Basic and advanced outcome measures were examined. Conclusion Some studies were terminated during phase II, and FMT was less effective than antibiotics such as vancomycin and fidaxomicin. However, colonoscopy and oral FMT were explored in several completed studies with promising results, but the evidence remains limited and inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A. Obaid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Sadowsky MJ, Matson M, Mathai PP, Pho M, Staley C, Evert C, Weldy M, Khoruts A. Successful Treatment of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Using a Novel, Drinkable, Oral Formulation of Fecal Microbiota. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1778-1784. [PMID: 38457115 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplants can be administered orally in encapsulated form or require invasive procedures to administer liquid formulations. There is a need for an oral liquid formulation of fecal microbiota for patients who are unable to swallow capsules, especially if they require multiple, repeated administrations. AIMS These studies were conducted to develop a protocol to manufacture an organoleptically acceptable powdered fecal microbiota formulation that can be suspended in a liquid carrier and used for fecal microbiota transplantation. METHODS Several processing steps were investigated, including extra washes of microbiota prior to lyophilization and an addition of a flavoring agent. The viability of bacteria in the transplant formulation was tested using live/dead microscopy staining and engraftment into antibiotic-treated mice. After development of a clinical protocol for suspension of the powdered microbiota, the new formulation was tested in three elderly patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections and who have difficulties in swallowing capsules. Changes in the microbial community structure in one of the patients were characterized using 16S rRNA gene profiling and engraftment analysis. RESULTS The processing steps used to produce an organoleptically acceptable suspension of powdered fecal microbiota did not result in loss of its viability. The powder could be easily suspended in a liquid carrier. The use of the new formulation was associated with abrogation of the cycle of C. difficile infection recurrences in the three patients. CONCLUSION We developed a novel organoleptically acceptable liquid formulation of fecal microbiota that is suitable for use in clinical trials for patients with difficulties in swallowing capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 3-184 Wallin Medical BioSciences Building, 2101 6th St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA
| | - Michael Matson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 3-184 Wallin Medical BioSciences Building, 2101 6th St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA
| | - Prince P Mathai
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Maradi Pho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 3-184 Wallin Medical BioSciences Building, 2101 6th St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Basic and Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clayton Evert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 3-184 Wallin Medical BioSciences Building, 2101 6th St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA
| | - Melissa Weldy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 3-184 Wallin Medical BioSciences Building, 2101 6th St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 3-184 Wallin Medical BioSciences Building, 2101 6th St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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17
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Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. Pathophysiology of acute lung injury in patients with acute brain injury: the triple-hit hypothesis. Crit Care 2024; 28:71. [PMID: 38454447 PMCID: PMC10918982 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been convincingly demonstrated in recent years that isolated acute brain injury (ABI) may cause severe dysfunction of peripheral extracranial organs and systems. Of all potential target organs and systems, the lung appears to be the most vulnerable to damage after ABI. The pathophysiology of the bidirectional brain-lung interactions is multifactorial and involves inflammatory cascades, immune suppression, and dysfunction of the autonomic system. Indeed, the systemic effects of inflammatory mediators in patients with ABI create a systemic inflammatory environment ("first hit") that makes extracranial organs vulnerable to secondary procedures that enhance inflammation, such as mechanical ventilation (MV), surgery, and infections ("second hit"). Moreover, accumulating evidence supports the knowledge that gut microbiota constitutes a critical superorganism and an organ on its own, potentially modifying various physiological functions of the host. Furthermore, experimental and clinical data suggest the existence of a communication network among the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and its microbiome, which appears to regulate immune responses, gastrointestinal function, brain function, behavior, and stress responses, also named the "gut-microbiome-brain axis." Additionally, recent research evidence has highlighted a crucial interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the lungs, referred to as the "gut-lung axis," in which alterations during critical illness could result in bacterial translocation, sustained inflammation, lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. In the present work, we aimed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with ABI by attempting to develop the "double-hit" theory, proposing the "triple-hit" hypothesis, focused on the influence of the gut-lung axis on the lung. Particularly, we propose, in addition to sympathetic hyperactivity, blast theory, and double-hit theory, that dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction in the context of ABI alter the gut-lung axis, resulting in the development or further aggravation of existing ALI, which constitutes the "third hit."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Ziaka
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, Center for Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aristomenis Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Fachi JL, Vinolo MAR, Colonna M. Reviewing the Clostridioides difficile Mouse Model: Insights into Infection Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2024; 12:273. [PMID: 38399676 PMCID: PMC10891951 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium associated with intestinal infection, manifesting a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal symptoms, ranging from mild diarrhea to severe colitis. A primary risk factor for the development of C. difficile infection (CDI) is antibiotic exposure. Elderly and immunocompromised individuals are particularly vulnerable to CDI. A pivotal aspect for comprehending the complexities of this infection relies on the utilization of experimental models that mimic human CDI transmission, pathogenesis, and progression. These models offer invaluable insights into host-pathogen interactions and disease dynamics, and serve as essential tools for testing potential therapeutic approaches. In this review, we examine the animal model for CDI and delineate the stages of infection, with a specific focus on mice. Our objective is to offer an updated description of experimental models employed in the study of CDI, emphasizing both their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Fachi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Marco A. R. Vinolo
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
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19
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Rojas CA, Entrolezo Z, Jarett JK, Jospin G, Martin A, Ganz HH. Microbiome Responses to Oral Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Cohort of Domestic Dogs. Vet Sci 2024; 11:42. [PMID: 38275924 PMCID: PMC10821121 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) have been successful at treating digestive and skin conditions in dogs. The degree to which the microbiome is impacted by FMT in a cohort of dogs has not been thoroughly investigated. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we document the changes in the microbiome of fifty-four dogs that took capsules of lyophilized fecal material for their chronic diarrhea, vomiting, or constipation. We found that the relative abundances of five bacterial genera (Butyricicoccus, Faecalibacterium, Fusobacterium, Megamonas, and Sutterella) were higher after FMT than before FMT. Fecal microbiome alpha- and beta-diversity were correlated with kibble and raw food consumption, and prior antibiotic use. On average, 18% of the stool donor's bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) engrafted in the FMT recipient, with certain bacterial taxa like Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., and Lachnoclostridium spp. engrafting more frequently than others. Lastly, analyses indicated that the degree of overlap between the donor bacteria and the community of microbes already established in the FMT recipient likely impacts engraftment. Collectively, our work provides further insight into the microbiome and engraftment dynamics of dogs before and after taking oral FMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Holly H. Ganz
- AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (C.A.R.); (Z.E.); (J.K.J.); (G.J.); (A.M.)
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20
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Mullish BH, Tohumcu E, Porcari S, Fiorani M, Di Tommaso N, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ponziani FR, Ianiro G. The role of faecal microbiota transplantation in chronic noncommunicable disorders. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103034. [PMID: 37087392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a key role in influencing several pathways and functions involved in human health, including metabolism, protection against infection, and immune regulation. Perturbation of the gut microbiome is recognised as a pathogenic factor in several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders, and is increasingly considered as a therapeutic target in these conditions. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of the microbiota from healthy screened stool donors into the gut of affected patients, and is a well-established and highly effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Despite the mechanisms of efficacy of FMT not being fully understood, it has been investigated in several chronic noncommunicable disorders, with variable results. This review aims to give an overview of mechanisms of efficacy of FMT in chronic noncommunicable disorders, and to paint the current landscape of its investigation in these medical conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic liver disorders, and also extraintestinal autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ege Tohumcu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Tommaso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Trinh S, Keller L, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J. [Fecal Microbiota Transplants in the Context of (Child and Adolescent) Psychiatric Disorders]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 51:431-440. [PMID: 36892328 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Fecal Microbiota Transplants in the Context of (Child and Adolescent) Psychiatric Disorders Abstract: There has recently been a significant increase in interest in gut microbiota and its interaction with the brain (gut-brain axis). Not only are the findings of microbiome research interesting for basic scientists, they also offer relevant insights for clinical practice. A causal relationship between gut microbiome and various somatic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases, and obesity as well as psychiatric diseases such as major depression, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders seems plausible. To study the causal relationship of intestinal bacteria with individual phenotypes, researchers apply so-called stool transplantations (fecal microbiota transplantations) in the preclinical context. For this purpose, they transfer microbiota samples from patients into laboratory animals to observe possible changes in phenotype. In the clinical context, fecal microbiota transplantation is already being used with therapeutic intentions for selected diseases, for example, recurrent infections with Clostridioides difficile or inflammatory bowel diseases; they have already become part of the official clinical guidelines for C. difficile. For many other diseases, however, including mental illnesses, the potential of using fecal transplantations for therapeutic purposes is still being explored. Previous findings suggest that the intestinal microbiome, particularly fecal microbiota transplantations, represent a promising starting point for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Trinh
- Institut für Neuroanatomie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Lara Keller
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland
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22
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Wu D, Zhang C, Liu Y, Yao J, Yang X, Wu S, Du J, Yang X. Beyond faecal microbiota transplantation, the non-negligible role of faecal virome or bacteriophage transplantation. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:893-908. [PMID: 36890066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota, which contains bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses including bacteriophages, is symbiotic and evolves together with humans. The balanced intestinal microbiota plays indispensable roles in maintaining and regulating host metabolism and health. Dysbiosis has been associated with not only intestinal diseases but other diseases such as neurology disorders and cancers. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or faecal virome or bacteriophage transplantation (FVT or FBT), transfers faecal bacteria or viruses, with a focus on bacteriophage, from one healthy individual to another individual (normally unhealthy condition), and aims to restore the balanced gut microbiota and assist in subduing diseases. In this review, we summarized the applications of FMT and FVT in clinical settings, discussed the advantages and challenges of FMT and FVT currently and proposed several considerations prospectively. We further provided our understanding of why FMT and FVT have their limitations and raised the possible future development strategy of FMT and FVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Juan Du
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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23
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Baker KA, Poole C. CE: Current and Emerging Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Am J Nurs 2023; 123:30-38. [PMID: 37678377 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000978920.88346.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a life-changing treatment for people with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). Frequently acquired in the hospital, CDI can cause serious gastrointestinal symptoms, including persistent watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and severe dehydration. Antibiotics, the primary treatment, can unfortunately disrupt the gut microbiome and lead to antimicrobial resistance. FMT involves introducing stool from a healthy donor into the affected recipient to strengthen their compromised microbiome. Individuals receiving this treatment have reported remarkable improvement in clinical outcomes and quality of life. In addition to a discussion of rCDI within the context of the gastrointestinal microbiome, this article provides an overview of the FMT procedure, discusses nursing management of individuals undergoing FMT, and highlights emerging applications beyond rCDI. A case scenario is also provided to illustrate a typical trajectory for a patient undergoing FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy A Baker
- Kathy A. Baker is a professor in the Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, and editor-in-chief of Gastroenterology Nursing . Carsyn Poole is a staff nurse at Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN. Contact author: Kathy A. Baker, . Baker is a paid consultant for Healix Infusion Therapy, LLC. The remaining coauthor and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. Lippincott Professional Development has identified and mitigated all relevant financial relationships
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24
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Zhou Y, Bi Z, Hamilton MJ, Zhang L, Su R, Sadowsky MJ, Roy S, Khoruts A, Chen C. p-Cresol Sulfate Is a Sensitive Urinary Marker of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Antibiotics Treatments in Human Patients and Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14621. [PMID: 37834066 PMCID: PMC10572327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a highly effective therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) and also a potential therapy for other diseases associated with dysbiotic gut microbiota. Monitoring metabolic changes in biofluids and excreta is a noninvasive approach to identify the biomarkers of microbial recolonization and to understand the metabolic influences of FMT on the host. In this study, the pre-FMT and post FMT urine samples from 11 rCDI patients were compared through metabolomic analyses for FMT-induced metabolic changes. The results showed that p-cresol sulfate in urine, a microbial metabolite of tyrosine, was rapidly elevated by FMT and much more responsive than other microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids (AAAs). Because patients were treated with vancomycin prior to FMT, the influence of vancomycin on the microbial metabolism of AAAs was examined in a mouse feeding trial, in which the decreases in p-cresol sulfate, phenylacetylglycine, and indoxyl sulfate in urine were accompanied with significant increases in their AAA precursors in feces. The inhibitory effects of antibiotics and the recovering effects of FMT on the microbial metabolism of AAAs were further validated in a mouse model of FMT. Overall, urinary p-cresol sulfate may function as a sensitive and convenient therapeutic indicator on the effectiveness of antibiotics and FMT for the desired manipulation of gut microbiota in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Zheting Bi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Matthew J. Hamilton
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Michael J. Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.B.); (R.S.)
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Zhao L, Xiao J, Li S, Guo Y, Fu R, Hua S, Du Y, Xu S. The interaction between intestinal microenvironment and stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29 Suppl 1:185-199. [PMID: 37309254 PMCID: PMC10314114 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is not only a major cause of disability but also the third leading cause of death, following heart disease and cancer. It has been established that stroke causes permanent disability in 80% of survivors. However, current treatment options for this patient population are limited. Inflammation and immune response are major features that are well-recognized to occur after a stroke. The gastrointestinal tract hosts complex microbial communities, the largest pool of immune cells, and forms a bidirectional regulation brain-gut axis with the brain. Recent experimental and clinical studies have highlighted the importance of the relationship between the intestinal microenvironment and stroke. Over the years, the influence of the intestine on stroke has emerged as an important and dynamic research direction in biology and medicine. AIMS In this review, we describe the structure and function of the intestinal microenvironment and highlight its cross-talk relationship with stroke. In addition, we discuss potential strategies aiming to target the intestinal microenvironment during stroke treatment. CONCLUSION The structure and function of the intestinal environment can influence neurological function and cerebral ischemic outcome. Improving the intestinal microenvironment by targeting the gut microbiota may be a new direction in treating stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and SyndromeTianjinChina
| | - Jie Xiao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Songlin Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yuying Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and SyndromeTianjinChina
| | - Rong Fu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Shengyu Hua
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yuzheng Du
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Shixin Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and SyndromeTianjinChina
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26
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Fogelson KA, Dorrestein PC, Zarrinpar A, Knight R. The Gut Microbial Bile Acid Modulation and Its Relevance to Digestive Health and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:1069-1085. [PMID: 36841488 PMCID: PMC10205675 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has been linked to numerous digestive disorders, but its metabolic products have been much less well characterized, in part due to the expense of untargeted metabolomics and lack of ability to process the data. In this review, we focused on the rapidly expanding information about the bile acid repertoire produced by the gut microbiome, including the impacts of bile acids on a wide range of host physiological processes and diseases, and discussed the role of short-chain fatty acids and other important gut microbiome-derived metabolites. Of particular note is the action of gut microbiome-derived metabolites throughout the body, which impact processes ranging from obesity to aging to disorders traditionally thought of as diseases of the nervous system, but that are now recognized as being strongly influenced by the gut microbiome and the metabolites it produces. We also highlighted the emerging role for modifying the gut microbiome to improve health or to treat disease, including the "engineered native bacteria'' approach that takes bacterial strains from a patient, modifies them to alter metabolism, and reintroduces them. Taken together, study of the metabolites derived from the gut microbiome provided insights into a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes, and has substantial potential for new approaches to diagnostics and therapeutics of disease of, or involving, the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Fogelson
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Jennifer Moreno Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
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27
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Gu M, Yin W, Zhang J, Yin J, Tang X, Ling J, Tang Z, Yin W, Wang X, Ni Q, Zhu Y, Chen T. Role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mucins of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119992. [PMID: 37265504 PMCID: PMC10229905 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden, accounting for approximately 10% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the crosstalk between the host mucins and gut microbiota is associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. Mucins secreted by goblet cells not only protect the intestinal epithelium from microorganisms and invading pathogens but also provide a habitat for commensal bacteria. Conversely, gut dysbiosis results in the dysfunction of mucins, allowing other commensals and their metabolites to pass through the intestinal epithelium, potentially triggering host responses and the subsequent progression of CRC. In this review, we summarize how gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites regulate the function and expression of mucin in CRC and novel treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangjun Wang
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Qing Ni
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Yunxiang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
| | - Tuo Chen
- *Correspondence: Xiangjun Wang, ; Qing Ni, ; Yunxiang Zhu, ; Tuo Chen,
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28
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Boicean A, Birlutiu V, Ichim C, Anderco P, Birsan S. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041016. [PMID: 37189634 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases represent a complex array of diseases of incompletely known etiology that led to gastrointestinal tract chronic inflammation. In inflammatory bowel disease, a promising method of treatment is represented by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), FMT has shown its increasing effectiveness and safety in recent years for recurrent CDI; moreover, it showed real clinical benefits in treating SARS-CoV-2 and CDI co-infection. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by immune dysregulation, resulting in digestive tract damage caused by immune responses. Most current therapeutic strategies are associated with high costs and many adverse effects by directly targeting the immune response, so modifying the microbial environment by FMT offers an alternative approach that could indirectly influence the host’s immune system in a safe way. Studies outline the endoscopic and clinical improvements in UC and CD in FMT patients versus control groups. This review outlines the multiple benefits of FMT in the case of IBD by improving patients unbalanced gut, therefore improving endoscopic and clinical symptomatology. We aim to emphasize the clinical importance and benefits of FMT in order to prevent flares or complications of IBD and to highlight that further validation is needed for establishing a clinical protocol for FMT in IBD.
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29
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Liu YY. Controlling the human microbiome. Cell Syst 2023; 14:135-159. [PMID: 36796332 PMCID: PMC9942095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We coexist with a vast number of microbes that live in and on our bodies. Those microbes and their genes are collectively known as the human microbiome, which plays important roles in human physiology and diseases. We have acquired extensive knowledge of the organismal compositions and metabolic functions of the human microbiome. However, the ultimate proof of our understanding of the human microbiome is reflected in our ability to manipulate it for health benefits. To facilitate the rational design of microbiome-based therapies, there are many fundamental questions to be addressed at the systems level. Indeed, we need a deep understanding of the ecological dynamics associated with such a complex ecosystem before we rationally design control strategies. In light of this, this review discusses progress from various fields, e.g., community ecology, network science, and control theory, that are helping us make progress toward the ultimate goal of controlling the human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
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30
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Evrensel A. Microbiome-Induced Autoimmunity and Novel Therapeutic Intervention. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:71-90. [PMID: 36949306 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms' flora, which colonize in many parts of our body, stand out as one of the most important components for a healthy life. This microbial organization called microbiome lives in integration with the body as a single and whole organ/system. Perhaps, the human first encounters the microbial activity it carries through the immune system. This encounter and interaction are vital for the development of immune system cells that protect the body against pathogenic organisms and infections throughout life. In recent years, it has been determined that some disruptions in the host-microbiome interaction play an important role in the physiopathology of autoimmune diseases. Although the details of this interaction have not been clarified yet, the focus is on leaky gut syndrome, dysbiosis, toll-like receptor ligands, and B cell dysfunction. Nutritional regulations, prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, bacterial engineering, and vaccination are being investigated as new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of problems in these areas. This article reviews recent research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Evrensel
- Department of Psychiatry, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- NP Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Qin R, Tian G, Liu J, Cao L. The gut microbiota and endometriosis: From pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1069557. [PMID: 36506023 PMCID: PMC9729346 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1069557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease, that often leads to pain and infertility. At present, the specific pathogenesis of endometriosis has not been clarified, but it may be closely related to an imbalance of sex hormones in the body, ectopic hyperplasia stimulated by immune inflammation, and invasion and escape based on tumor characteristics. Gut microbiota is associated with many inflammatory diseases. With the further study of the gut microbiota, people are paying increasing attention to its relationship with endometriosis. Studies have shown that there is an association between the gut microbiota and endometriosis. The specific ways and mechanisms by which the gut microbiota participates in endometriosis may involve estrogen, immune inflammation, and tumor characteristics, among others. Therefore, in the future, regulating gut microbiota disorders in various ways can help in the treatment of endometriosis patients. This study reviewed the research on the gut microbiota and endometriosis in order to provide ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- Department of Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Gengren Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junbao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Lu Cao,
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32
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Ma J, Chen T, Ma X, Zhang B, Zhang J, Xu L, Wang Y, Huang J, Liu Z, Wang F, Tang X. Comprehensive bibliometric and visualized analysis of research on fecal microbial transplantation published from 2000 to 2021. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:78. [PMID: 36309716 PMCID: PMC9617244 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-01046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fecal microbial transplantation has emerged in recent years as a method of treating disease by rebuilding the intestinal flora. However, few bibliometric analyses have systematically studied this area of research. We aimed to use bibliometric analysis to visualize trends and topical research in fecal microbial transplantation to help provide insight into future trends in clinical and basic research.
Materials and methods
Articles and reviews related to fecal microbial transplantation were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Significant information associated with this field was visually analyzed by using Biblioshiny and CtieSpace software.
Results
A total of 3144 articles and overviews were included. The number of publications related to fecal microbial transplantation significantly increased yearly. These publications mainly came from 100 countries, led by the US and China, and 521 institutions. The most prolific and influential author is KHORUTS A. The main disciplines and application fields of fecal microbial transplantation included molecular /biology/immunology and medicine/clinical medicine, and the research foundation of fecal microbial transplantation was molecular /biology/genetics and health/nursing/medicine. An alluvial flow visualization showed several landmark articles. New developments were identified in terms of reference and keyword citation bursts. Data analysis showed that different FMT preparation and delivery methods gradually appeared as research hotspots. The main research keywords in the last 3 years were chain fatty acids, Akkermansia muciniphila, and insulin sensitivity, other keywords were current and developing research fields.
Conclusion
Research on fecal microbial transplantation is flourishing and many new applications of fecal microbial transplantation are emerging. Microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and the microbiota–gut–brain axis have become the focus of current research and are future research trends.
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Effects of a farm-specific fecal microbial transplant (FMT) product on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiome composition in preweaned dairy calves. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276638. [PMID: 36269743 PMCID: PMC9586405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disease (GI) is the most common illness in pre-weaned dairy calves. Therefore, effective strategies to manipulate the microbiome of dairy calves under commercial dairy operations are of great importance to improve animal health and reduce antimicrobial usage. The objective of this study was to develop a farm-specific FMT product and to investigate its effects on clinical outcomes and fecal microbial composition of dairy calves. The FMT product was derived from feces from healthy donors (5–24 days of age) raised in the same calf ranch facility as the FMT recipients. Healthy and diarrheic calves were randomly enrolled to a control (n = 115) or FMT (n = 112) treatment group (~36 g of processed fecal matter once daily for 3 days). Fecal samples were collected at enrollment and again 9 days later after the first FMT dose. Although the FMT product was rich in organisms typically known for their beneficial probiotic properties, the FMT therapy did not prevent or ameliorate GI disease in dairy calves. In fact, calves that received FMT were less likely to recover from GI disease, and more likely to die due to GI disease complications. Fecal microbial community analysis revealed an increase in the alpha-diversity in FMT calves; however, no major differences across treatment groups were observed in the beta-diversity analysis. Calves that received FMT had higher relative abundance of an uncultured organism of the genus Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus reuteri on day 10. Moreover, FMT calves had lower relative abundance of Clostridium nexile and Bacteroides vulgatus on day 10. Our results indicate the need to have an established protocol when developing FMT products, based on rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of FMT donors free of potential pathogens, no history of disease or antibiotic treatment.
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34
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Phizackerley D. Therapeutic value of human faeces. Drug Ther Bull 2022; 60:dtb-2022-000056. [PMID: 36261276 DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2022.000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Collier AJ, Gomez DE, Monteith G, Plattner BL, Verbrugghe A, Webb J, Weese JS, Blois SL. Investigating fecal microbial transplant as a novel therapy in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276295. [PMID: 36256653 PMCID: PMC9578606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited studies investigating the use of fecal microbial transplant (FMT) in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the feasibility of adding FMT to standard therapy (corticosteroids and a hypoallergenic diet) for dogs with IBD and to and to describe the changes in measured outcomes after 30 days of treatment. METHODS Thirteen client-owned dogs with IBD were enrolled in this double blinded, randomized clinical trial. All dogs received corticosteroid therapy and a hypoallergenic diet; dogs were randomized to receive either placebo or FMT. Measured outcomes included the canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) at 1 week and 1 month after enrolment. Fecal microbiota were analyzed after extracting DNA from fecal samples and profiling using 16S amplicon sequencing. Dogs in the placebo group not responding to treatment after 1 month were offered FMT. RESULTS The CCECAI significantly decreased over time in both groups (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the CCECAI of the placebo and FMT group at each time point (F test from ANOVA, p = 0.40). No adverse effects were reported in the 30 days following FMT. CONCLUSIONS The addition of FMT to standard therapy for IBD was feasible. No significant differences were observed in the CCECAI between groups at each time point. Large scale clinical trials can be performed using these methods to evaluate the longer term effect of FMT on clinical signs, microbial diversity, and other outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Collier
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diego E. Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Monteith
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon L. Plattner
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinelle Webb
- Mississauga Oakville Veterinary Emergency Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna L. Blois
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Gill VJS, Soni S, Shringarpure M, . A, Bhardwaj S, Yadav NK, Patel A, Patel A. Gut Microbiota Interventions for the Management of Obesity: A Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29317. [PMID: 36161997 PMCID: PMC9484223 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has been recognized as an important factor in the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity; it has been reported that the composition of the GM differs in obese and lean subjects, suggesting that microbiota dysbiosis can contribute to changes in body weight. Dysbiosis occurs due to an imbalance in the composition of gut bacteria, changes in the metabolic process, or changes in the distribution of microbiota within the gut. Dysbiosis can change the functioning of the intestinal barrier and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Microbial manipulation may help with preventing or treating weight gain and associated comorbidities. Approaches to this may range from dietary manipulation, which is suitable to treat the individual’s microflora, to probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant (FMT).
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Jeney SES, Avelar-Barragan J, Whiteson K, Chang J, Dutta S, Lane F. Fecal Putative Uropathogen Abundance and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Carriage in Women With Refractory Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Treated With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2022; 28:213-219. [PMID: 34608030 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to describe the fecal relative abundance of potentially uropathogenic bacteria and to analyze antibiotic resistance genes before and after fecal microbiota transplantation in women with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). METHODS Shotgun sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 3 donors and 4 women with recurrent UTI who underwent transplantation. Recipient samples were sequenced at baseline and at 4 time points through 6 months postintervention. Relative fecal uropathogen abundance was analyzed by species and participant using descriptive statistics. Antibiotic resistance gene abundance was assigned, normalized, and compared between donors and recipients at baseline and postintervention using an abundance bar plot, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS The median (range) relative abundance of Escherichia coli in all fecal samples from women with recurrent UTI was 0% (0%-5.10%); Enterococcus faecalis, 0% (0%-0.20%); Enterococcus faecium, 0% (0%-1.90%); Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0% (0%-0.10%); and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0% (0%-0.10%). Gut microbes carried genes conferring resistance to antibiotics used for UTI. No significant difference was seen in antibiotic resistance gene carriage after transplantation compared with baseline (P=0.22, R2=0.08 at 3 months). Antibiotic gene composition and abundance were significantly associated with the individual from whom the sample came (P=0.004, R2=0.78 at 3 months). CONCLUSIONS Exploratory analysis of gut microbiomes in women with recurrent UTI identifies no or low relative putative uropathogen abundance for all species examined. Antibiotic resistance gene carriage persisted after fecal microbiota transplantation, although conclusions are limited by small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrine Whiteson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Jenny Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Sonia Dutta
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Skokie, IL
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Kim SY, Shin J, Park JS, Cha B, Seo Y, Park SH, Lee JH, Kim JS, Kwon G. The first report on effect of fecal microbiota transplantation as a complementary treatment in a patient with steroid-refractory Cronkhite-Canada syndrome: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29135. [PMID: 35357354 PMCID: PMC11319313 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare non-hereditary disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by the appearance of multiple polyps in the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract, except in the esophagus, with GI and non-GI symptoms. Various factors are associated with the pathogenesis of CCS. Immune dysregulation has been discussed as one of the pathogeneses of CCS, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can affect the immune system. Currently, standard treatment has not been established. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS We present the treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in a 67-year-old male patient with steroid-refractory CCS who could not undergo anti-tumor necrosis factor-a treatment due to suspected tuberculosis infection. INTERVENTIONS FMT has recently attracted attention as a method of overcoming drug resistance through immunomodulatory effects through microbiome regulation. We collected the patient's stool samples before FMT and 8weeks after FMT. OUTCOMES We analyzed the microbiome composition of patients by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16s rRNA gene (Miseq). After FMT, the number of episodes of diarrhea and hypoalbuminemia were also corrected. The Chao 1 index after FMT, which was significantly higher than that of donors before FMT, changed to a similar level for donors after FMT. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Pyramidobacter piscolens, and Campylobacter concisus disappeared after FMT, suggesting the presence of an association between gut microbiota and CCS. LESSONS Furthermore, we provide the possibility that microbiome modulation by FMT could serve as a complementary treatment in patients with steroid-refractory CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea,
| | - Jongbeom Shin
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea,
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea,
| | - Boram Cha
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea,
| | - Youjeong Seo
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea,
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea,
| | - Jung Hwan Lee
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea,
| | - Jun-Seob Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Gyesook Kwon
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea,
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Wen TF, Cho YC, Li CY. Faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in two dogs. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Transfer of Human Microbiome to Drosophila Gut Model. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030553. [PMID: 35336128 PMCID: PMC8948740 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animals with human microbiome have increasingly been used to study the role of bacteria and host interaction. Drosophila melanogaster, as a model of microbiota-host interaction with high reproductive efficiency and high availability, has always been lacking studies of interaction with human gut microbiome. In this study, we attempted to use antibiotic therapy and human fecal exposure strategy to transfer the human microbiome to the drosophila. The method includes depleting the original intestinal bacteria using a broad-spectrum antibiotic and then introducing human microorganisms by a diet supplemented with donor’s fecal samples. The sequencing results showed that 80–87.5% of the OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) from donor feces were adopted by the recipient drosophila following 30 days of observation. In comparison to females, the male recipient drosophila inherited more microbiota from the donor feces and had significantly increased lifespan as well as improved vertical climbing ability. Furthermore, distinctly differential expression patterns for age and insulin-like signaling-related genes were obtained for the male vs. female recipients. Only the male drosophila offspring acquired the characteristics of the donor fecal microbiota.
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Haindl R, Totzauer L, Kulozik U. Preservation by lyophilization of a human intestinal microbiota: influence of the cultivation pH on the drying outcome and re‐establishment ability. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:886-900. [PMID: 35124900 PMCID: PMC8913864 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Haindl
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering TUM School of Life Sciences ZIEL‐Institute for Food and Health Technical University of Munich Weihenstephaner Berg 1 Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Lisa Totzauer
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering TUM School of Life Sciences ZIEL‐Institute for Food and Health Technical University of Munich Weihenstephaner Berg 1 Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering TUM School of Life Sciences ZIEL‐Institute for Food and Health Technical University of Munich Weihenstephaner Berg 1 Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
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Hinchliffe T, Pauline ML, Wizzard PR, Jovel J, Nation PN, Wales PW, Madsen KL, Turner JM. The effect of fecal microbial transplant on intestinal microbial composition in short bowel neonatal piglets. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1393-1403. [PMID: 35043436 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short bowel syndrome (SBS) in neonates is associated with microbial dysbiosis due to intestinal surgery, prolonged hospitalization, enteral nutrition, and repeated antibiotic exposure. Sepsis and liver disease, leading causes of morbidity and mortality in SBS, may relate to such intestinal dysbiosis. We investigated the safety and feasibility of fecal microbial transplant (FMT) to alter intestinal microbial composition in SBS piglets. METHODS Following a 75% distal small intestinal resection, piglets were fed parenteral nutrition (PN) and elemental diet (ED), and randomized to saline (SAL, n=12) or FMT (n=12) treatments delivered by gastric tube on day 2 (d2). FMT donor was a healthy adult pig. Comparisons were also made to healthy sow-fed littermate controls (SOW, n=6). Stool samples were collected daily, and tissue samples were collected at baseline and termination. Microbial DNA was extracted from stool and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS All piglets survived to the endpoint. On d2-4, FMT piglets had some differences in microbiota composition, compared to SAL, SOW, and donor. Between base and term, there were transitory changes to alpha and beta diversity in FMT and SAL. CONCLUSION FMT treatment in post-surgical neonatal piglets with SBS appears safe, with no increase in sepsis and no mortality. In SBS piglets, FMT induced transient changes to the intestinal microbiota. However, these changes did not persist long-term. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tierah Hinchliffe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mirielle L Pauline
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pamela R Wizzard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick N Nation
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W Wales
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justine M Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Li N, Tan X, Yang Q. Recent Progress on Strategies and Applications of Imaging for Intestinal Microflora. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dubost JM, Kongchack P, Deharo E, Sysay P, Her C, Vichith L, Sébastien D, Krief S. Zootherapeutic uses of animals excreta: the case of elephant dung and urine use in Sayaboury province, Laos. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2021; 17:62. [PMID: 34711254 PMCID: PMC8552211 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a widespread aversion towards faeces and urine, animal excreta are used in traditional medicine in many countries since centuries, but records are scattered and few therapeutic uses have been accurately documented while in the current context of emerging zoonoses such records may be of major interest. METHODOLOGY In this study, we investigated the therapeutic uses that mahouts in Xayaboury province, Lao PDR make of elephant urine and faeces as well as of the brood chamber that beetles (Heliocopris dominus) fashion from elephant dung. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with mahouts on elephant diet, health problems and responses to disease, andwhether they use elephant products. Data were supplemented by interviews with traditional healers. RESULTS Seven respondents reported the use of elephant urine in ethnoveterinary care for elephants and in human medicine in case of diabetes and otitis. 25 respondents reported therapeutic use of elephant faeces (EF) and elephant dung beetle brood chambers. The major indications are gastrointestinal and skin problems. Macerations or decoctions are drunk or used externally as a lotion. The mahouts attribute the therapeutic effectiveness of EFs to their content which includes the remains of many species from the elephant diet which they consider to be medicinal. DISCUSSION The indications of these uses are consistent with pharmacological and clinical studies highlighting the properties of different animals' urine and faeces and their curative potential tested in vivo. The acknowledgement by the mahouts of medicinal properties of elephant faecal bolus contrasts with the rare justifications of animal material use recorded in zootherapeutic studies, which falls within the symbolic domain. However, numerous studies highlight the preponderant role of the microbiota in physiological processes, raising the hypothesis of a curative action of EF, by rebalancing the user's microbiota. CONCLUSION The therapeutic uses of EF preparations despite their possible curative properties are a potential source of zoonotic transmission from elephants to humans. In the current context of globalisation of trade which favours the emergence of zoonoses and in relation with the issue of One Health, it becomes crucial to further document the zootherapeutic practices to prevent emerging diseases. As elephants and local related ethnoethological knowledge are threatened, documenting them is urgent to contribute to their preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Dubost
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle-UMR 7206, Paris, France.
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, IRD, UPS, 35 chemin des maraîchers, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, IRD, UPS, 35 chemin des maraîchers, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Palamy Sysay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Chithdavone Her
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Lamxay Vichith
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Duffillot Sébastien
- Elephant Conservation Center, Nam Tien Reservoir, Xayabury District, Lao PDR
| | - Sabrina Krief
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle-UMR 7206, Paris, France
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Bokoliya SC, Dorsett Y, Panier H, Zhou Y. Procedures for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Murine Microbiome Studies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:711055. [PMID: 34621688 PMCID: PMC8490673 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.711055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been widely recognized as an approach to determine the microbiome’s causal role in gut dysbiosis-related disease models and as a novel disease-modifying therapy. Despite potential beneficial FMT results in various disease models, there is a variation and complexity in procedural agreement among research groups for performing FMT. The viability of the microbiome in feces and its successful transfer depends on various aspects of donors, recipients, and lab settings. This review focuses on the technical practices of FMT in animal studies. We first document crucial factors required for collecting, handling, and processing donor fecal microbiota for FMT. Then, we detail the description of gut microbiota depletion methods, FMT dosages, and routes of FMT administrations in recipients. In the end, we describe assessments of success rates of FMT with sustainability. It is critical to work under the anaerobic condition to preserve as much of the viability of bacteria. Utilization of germ- free mice or depletion of recipient gut microbiota by antibiotics or polyethylene glycol are two common recipient preparation approaches to achieve better engraftment. Oral-gastric gavage preferred by most researchers for fast and effective administration of FMT in mice. Overall, this review highlights various methods that may lead to developing the standard and reproducible protocol for FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Bokoliya
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut (UConn) Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut (UConn) Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Hunter Panier
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut (UConn) Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut (UConn) Health, Farmington, CT, United States
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Liu Y, Alnababtah K, Cook S, Yu Y. Healthcare providers' perception of faecal microbiota transplantation with clostridium difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease: a quantitative systematic review. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211042679. [PMID: 34567271 PMCID: PMC8460966 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211042679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are global gastroenterological diseases that cause considerable burden on human health, healthcare systems, and society. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection (rCDI) and a promising therapy for IBD. However, indication for FMT in IBD is still unofficial. Consequently, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is seeking healthcare providers' advice on whether to update FMT guidelines. METHODS A systematic review methodology was adopted for this study. Five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science) and grey literature were systematically searched for English language literature to 14 May 2021. The quality of the included studies was then appraised using the Institute for Public Health Sciences cross-sectional studies tool, after which the findings of the studies were narratively synthesised. RESULTS Thirteen cross-sectional studies with 4110 validated questionnaire responses were included. Narrative synthesis found that 39.43% of respondents were familiar with FMT (N = 3746, 95%CI = 37.87%-41%), 58.81% of respondents would recommend FMT to their patients (N = 1141, 95%CI = 55.95%-61.67%), 66.67% of respondents considered lack of clinical evidence was the greatest concern regarding FMT (N = 1941, 95%CI = 64.57%-68.77%), and 40.43% respondents would not implement FMT due to concerns about infection transmission (N = 1128, 95%CI = 37.57%-43.29%). CONCLUSION Healthcare providers' knowledge of FMT is relatively low and education is an effective strategy to improve it. As knowledge of FMT increases, willingness to recommend it also increases. Strengthening FMT clinical efficacy and reducing infection can enhance its public acceptance, application and popularity. However, further research is required to explore the donor screening procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Liu
- Department of Nursing, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kal Alnababtah
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Cook
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184055. [PMID: 34575166 PMCID: PMC8465860 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still not completely understood. It is hypothesized that a genetic predisposition leads to an exaggerated immune response to an environmental trigger, leading to uncontrolled inflammation. As there is no known causative treatment, current management strategies for inflammatory bowel disease focus on correcting the excessive immune response to environmental (including microbial) triggers. In recent years, there has been growing interest in new avenues of treatment, including targeting the microbial environment itself. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel treatment modality showing promising results in early studies. The article discusses the rationale for the use of FMT in inflammatory bowel disease and the yet-unresolved questions surrounding its optimal use in practice.
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48
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Segal A, Zlotnik Y, Moyal-Atias K, Abuhasira R, Ifergane G. Fecal microbiota transplant as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease - A case series. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 207:106791. [PMID: 34237681 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is safe and possibly efficacious in treating constipation, motor, and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. METHODS Patients with PD, constipation and an indication for screening colonoscopy were treated with FMT. The study was conducted from December 2017 to November 2019, and clinical outcomes assessing motor, non-motor and constipation symptoms were compared at baseline (week 0) and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after the FMT. RESULTS Six patients (3 men, age range 47-73, median age 52) were treated with FMT. Four weeks following the FMT, motor, non-motor and constipation scores were improved in 5 of 6 patients. At week 24, compared to before the FMT, the changes in motor scores ranged from - 13-7 points, in non-motor scores from - 2 to - 45 points, and in constipation scores from - 12-1 point. One patient had a serious adverse event requiring admission for observation only, and no adverse events were observed in all other patients. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary uncontrolled case series of 6 PD patients, a treatment with donor FMT infused via colonoscopy, was safe and resulted in improvement of PD motor and non-motor symptoms, including constipation, at 6 months. Further research is needed to assess longer-term maintenance of efficacy and safety, including in large scale randomized controlled trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT03876327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Segal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Yair Zlotnik
- Department of Neurology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Keren Moyal-Atias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ran Abuhasira
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Gal Ifergane
- Department of Neurology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Ser HL, Letchumanan V, Goh BH, Wong SH, Lee LH. The Use of Fecal Microbiome Transplant in Treating Human Diseases: Too Early for Poop? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:519836. [PMID: 34054740 PMCID: PMC8155486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.519836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) has gained popularity over the past few years, given its success in treating several gastrointestinal diseases. At the same time, microbial populations in the gut have been shown to have more physiological effects than we expected as "habitants" of the gut. The imbalance in the gut microbiome or dysbiosis, particularly when there are excessive harmful pathogens, can trigger not just infections but can also result in the development of common diseases, such as cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. By using FMT technology, the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome in patients can be resolved by administering fecal materials from a healthy donor. The current review summarizes the history and current uses of FMT before suggesting potential ideas for its high-quality application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi-Leng Ser
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Qi Z, Lyu M, Yang L, Yuan H, Cao Y, Zhai L, Dang W, Liu J, Yang F, Li Y. A Novel and Reliable Rat Model of Autism. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:549810. [PMID: 33776811 PMCID: PMC7994364 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.549810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that lacks an ideal animal model to recapitulate the disease state of ASD. Previous studies have reported that transplanting gut microbiota of ASD patients into pregnant mice is sufficient to promote the changes of autism-like behavior in offspring. This study aims to explore whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can be used as a new method to establish the ASD animal model. Methods: We transplanted the fecal sample extract of ASD children into pregnant rats (rFMT) repeatedly to establish an ASD rat model (oFMT) and compare it with the classical valproic acid (VPA) model (oVPA). Results: First, we reveal that oFMT shows hypoevolutism and typical behavioral characteristics of ASD, consistent with the previous study. Second, the gut microbiota of oFMT mainly consists of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, recapitulating the abnormal gut microbiota of ASD. In oFMT, the abundance of Lactobacillus and Collinsella increased (Lactobacillus: oFMT 60.16%, oVPA 64.13%, oCON 40.11%; Collinsella: oFMT 3.73%, oVPA 1.39%, oCON 1.28%), compared with oVPA, gut microbiota also showed high consistency. Third, the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in oFMT serum increased, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and norepinephrine (NE) in oFMT serum decreased. Fourth, the gut microbiota of oFMT also has some ASD characteristic gut microbiota not found in oVPA. Fifth, pregnant rat with VPA showed significant immune activation, while those with FMT showed relatively minor immune activation. Limitations: Although the mechanism of establishing FMT autism rat model (oFMT) has not clearly defined, the data show that the model has high structural validity, and FMT model is likely to be a new and reliable potential animal model of ASD, and will have potential value in studying gut microbiota of ASD. Conclusions: The FMT autism rat model has high structural validity, and the FMT model is likely to be a new and reliable potential animal model of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyao Qi
- Basic Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengke Lyu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Basic Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Basic Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Basic Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhai
- Basic Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weili Dang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Basic Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Basic Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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