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Yang J, Jiang W, Deng J, Liu M, Xue Y, Bao J, Jia T, Hu Q, Zhang L. Dose determination of VV116 in COVID-19 patients with severe liver dysfunction: a case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2025; 12:1541235. [PMID: 40070649 PMCID: PMC11893389 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1541235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
VV116 is an oral antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2, known for its favorable efficacy and safety profile. But its application in patients with severe liver dysfunction has not been evaluated. Here, we report a case in which a patient with aplastic anemia and liver impairment (recovery phase of acute liver failure) was infected with SARS-CoV-2. Based on clinical trials and pharmacokinetic analysis about VV116, we initiated a reduced dose of 300 mg every 12 h on day 1, 200 mg every 12 h on days 2-5 for antiviral therapy. Finally, the patient's viral load rapidly dropped to an undetected level, and no drug-related adverse effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Deng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jizhang Bao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Woelfel S, Junker D, Bergamin I, Meyer-Herbon P, Stillhard R, Graf N, Leinenkugel G, Dütschler J, König M, Kammerlander L, Häuptle R, Zwyssig S, Krieger C, Truniger S, Koller S, Metzger-Peter K, Frei N, STAR SIGN Study Investigators, Albrich WC, Friedrich M, Bernsmeier C, Niess JH, Korte W, Bürgi JJ, Dulovic A, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Semela D, Brand S. STAR LIGHT Study: XBB.1.5 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Boost Systemic but Not Mucosal Immunity Against the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 Variant in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1241. [PMID: 39591144 PMCID: PMC11598625 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have impaired vaccine immunogenicity and an excess risk of severe COVID-19. While variant-adapted COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are recommended for vulnerable individuals, their efficacy in patients with CLD has not been studied. METHODS We present the first evaluation of XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant in patients with CLD. Serum anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, neutralization, and saliva anti-RBD IgG and IgA against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (WT) and the XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, BA.2.86, and JN.1 variants were quantified before and 2-4 weeks following a fourth dose of XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccines. RESULTS Vaccination boosted anti-RBD IgG and neutralization against all tested variants including JN.1 (each p < 0.001). Following immunization, neutralization was lower against JN.1 compared to WT, XBB.1.5, and EG.5.1 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively). Vaccination reduced neutralization failure rates against BA.2.86 and JN.1 (each p < 0.05). The evasion of vaccine-induced antibodies by the tested variants was low, indicated by the positive correlation between anti-RBD IgG and neutralization. At mucosal sites, vaccination boosted anti-RBD IgG (each p < 0.01) but failed to induce infection-blocking IgA (each p > 0.05). CONCLUSION XBB.1.5 vaccines protect CLD patients against recent SARS-CoV-2 variants, but developing vaccines with optimized mucosal immunogenicity is required to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission and recurrent seasonal COVID-19 outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Woelfel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Irina Bergamin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Meyer-Herbon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roman Stillhard
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Graf
- Clinical Trials Unit, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georg Leinenkugel
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joel Dütschler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Outpatient Clinic, Ambulatory Services Rorschach, 9400 Rorschach, Switzerland
| | - Marius König
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Livia Kammerlander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Häuptle
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Zwyssig
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Krieger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Truniger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Outpatient Clinic, Ambulatory Services Rorschach, 9400 Rorschach, Switzerland
| | - Seraina Koller
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Katline Metzger-Peter
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Frei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Werner C. Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Travel Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Translational Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Christine Bernsmeier
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Gastroenterology Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Gastroenterology Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Korte
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Justus J. Bürgi
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - David Semela
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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3
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Antar SA, Ashour NA, Hamouda AO, Noreddin AM, Al-Karmalawy AA. Recent advances in COVID-19-induced liver injury: causes, diagnosis, and management. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01535-7. [PMID: 39126569 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the start of the pandemic, considerable advancements have been made in our understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated COVID-19 on the hepatic system. There is a broad range of clinical symptoms for COVID-19. It affects multiple systems and has a dominant lung illness depending on complications. The progression of COVID-19 in people with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) has also been studied in large multinational groups. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a higher risk of hepatic decompensation and death in patients with cirrhosis. In this review, the source, composition, mechanisms, transmission characteristics, clinical characteristics, therapy, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 were clarified and discussed, as well as the evolution and variations of the virus. This review briefly discusses the causes and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with CLD. As part of COVID-19, In addition, we assess the potential of liver biochemistry as a diagnostic tool examine the data on direct viral infection of liver cells, and investigate potential pathways driving SARS-CoV-2-related liver damage. Finally, we explore how the pandemic has had a significant impact on patient behaviors and hepatology services, which may increase the prevalence and severity of liver disease in the future. The topics encompassed in this review encompass the intricate relationships between SARS-CoV-2, liver health, and broader health management strategies, providing valuable insights for both current clinical practice and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Antar
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Nada A Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Amir O Hamouda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Noreddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California -Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt.
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4
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Singh L, Kumar A, Rai M, Basnet B, Rai N, Khanal P, Lai KS, Cheng WH, Asaad AM, Ansari S. Spectrum of COVID-19 induced liver injury: A review report. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:517-536. [PMID: 38689748 PMCID: PMC11056898 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused changes in the global health system, causing significant setbacks in healthcare systems worldwide. This pandemic has also shown resilience, flexibility, and creativity in reacting to the tragedy. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection targets most of the respiratory tract, resulting in a severe sickness called acute respiratory distress syndrome that may be fatal in some individuals. Although the lung is the primary organ targeted by COVID-19 viruses, the clinical aspect of the disease is varied and ranges from asymptomatic to respiratory failure. However, due to an unorganized immune response and several affected mechanisms, the liver may also experience liver cell injury, ischemic liver dysfunction, and drug-induced liver injury, which can result in respiratory failure because of the immune system's disordered response and other compromised processes that can end in multisystem organ failure. Patients with liver cirrhosis or those who have impaired immune systems may be more likely than other groups to experience worse results from the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We thus intend to examine the pathogenesis, current therapy, and consequences of liver damage concerning COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokjan Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Maya Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Bibek Basnet
- Health Sciences, Asian College of Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Satdobato 24122, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Nishant Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Morad Asaad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Shamshul Ansari
- Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates.
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Michalak A, Lach T, Szczygieł K, Cichoż-Lach H. COVID-19, Possible Hepatic Pathways and Alcohol Abuse-What Do We Know up to 2023? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2212. [PMID: 38396888 PMCID: PMC10888568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The pandemic period due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revolutionized all possible areas of global health. Significant consequences were also related to diverse extrapulmonary manifestations of this pathology. The liver was found to be a relatively common organ, beyond the respiratory tract, affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Multiple studies revealed the essential role of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general outcome of coronavirus infection. Present concerns in this field are related to the direct hepatic consequences caused by COVID-19 and pre-existing liver disorders as risk factors for the severe course of the infection. Which mechanism has a key role in this phenomenon-previously existing hepatic disorder or acute liver failure due to SARS-CoV-2-is still not fully clarified. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) constitutes another not fully elucidated context of coronavirus infection. Should the toxic effects of ethanol or already developed liver cirrhosis and its consequences be perceived as a causative or triggering factor of hepatic impairment in COVID-19 patients? In the face of these discrepancies, we decided to summarize the role of the liver in the whole picture of coronavirus infection, paying special attention to ALD and focusing on the pathological pathways related to COVID-19, ethanol toxicity and liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lach
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Szczygieł
- Clinical Dietetics Unit, Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Cichoż-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
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Papa A, Covino M, De Lucia SS, Del Gaudio A, Fiorani M, Polito G, Settanni CR, Piccioni A, Franceschi F, Gasbarrini A. Impact of COVID-19 in individuals with and without pre-existent digestive disorders with a particular focus on elderly patients. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4099-4119. [PMID: 37475841 PMCID: PMC10354572 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has several extrapulmonary symptoms. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are among the most frequent clinical manifestations of COVID-19, with severe consequences reported in elderly patients. Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 on patients with pre-existing digestive diseases still needs to be fully elucidated, particularly in the older population. This review aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the GI tract, liver, and pancreas in individuals with and without previous digestive diseases, with a particular focus on the elderly, highlighting the distinctive characteristics observed in this population. Finally, the effectiveness and adverse events of the anti-COVID-19 vaccination in patients with digestive disorders and the peculiarities found in the elderly are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Papa
- CEMAD, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma 00168, Italy
- CEMAD, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Marcello Covino
- Department of Emergency, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Emergency Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Sara Sofia De Lucia
- CEMAD, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Gaudio
- CEMAD, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- CEMAD, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Giorgia Polito
- CEMAD, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Carlo Romano Settanni
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Emergency, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma 00168, Italy
- Department of Emergency, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CEMAD, Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma 00168, Italy
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Yu Y, Li X, Wan T. Effects of Hepatitis B Virus Infection on Patients with COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:1615-1631. [PMID: 36085229 PMCID: PMC9462612 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new problems to patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). AIM We aim to know the effects of HBV infection on patients with COVID-19. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for data and utilized Stata 14.0 software for this meta-analysis with a random-effects model. This paper was conducted in alignment with the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. RESULTS In total, 37,696 patients were divided into two groups: 2591 COVID-19 patients infected with HBV in the experimental group and 35,105 COVID-19 patients not infected with HBV in the control group. Our study showed that the in-hospital mortality of the experimental group was significant higher than that of the control group (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.49-2.79). We also found that COVID-19 patients infected with HBV were more likely to develop severe disease (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.32-2.73) than COVID-19 patients not infected with HBV. Upon measuring alanine aminotransferase (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.25-0.98), aspartate aminotransferase (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI 0.30-0.91), total bilirubin (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.67), direct bilirubin (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI 0.24-0.47), lactate dehydrogenase (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI 0.18-0.47), we found that HBV infection led to significantly higher laboratory results in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients infected with HBV should receive more attention, and special attention should be given to various liver function indices during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xingzhao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Taihu Wan
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China.
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8
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Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccines on Liver Function: Insights From a Single-Institute Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e36588. [PMID: 36968679 PMCID: PMC10035458 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 can cause respiratory and extrapulmonary complications, including liver injury. Therefore, understanding the virus's impact on the liver and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine's protective effect is crucial, given the correlation between hepatic involvement and disease severity. Our study aims to evaluate this relationship and the impact of vaccination on liver injury in COVID-19-infected patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study analyzed liver function outcomes in COVID-19-infected patients who received two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccine from October 2019 to October 2021. The study population was matched based on baseline characteristics, and Fisher's T-test was used for analysis. Secondary outcomes included COVID-19-related death, hospital stay, and SARS-CoV-2 infection after the second dose. SPSS (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) and RStudio (RStudio, PBC, Boston, USA) software were utilized to ensure robust statistical analysis. Results A group of 78 patients with a propensity score were matched and analyzed, resulting in two groups of 39 patients each: vaccinated and unvaccinated. The vaccinated group had a lower incidence of liver injury, reduced length of stay, and mortality. The study suggests that COVID-19 vaccination can positively impact infected patients. These findings should be considered when making decisions about vaccine distribution and usage, and more research is needed to fully understand the vaccine's impact on ending the pandemic. Conclusion This study emphasizes the COVID-19 vaccine's significance in reducing liver injury and related outcomes, such as length of stay and mortality in infected patients. The results provide further evidence of vaccination benefits, with implications for healthcare professionals and policymakers. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of COVID-19's complex effects on the liver and the vaccine's impact. Investing in research can inform clinical management, improve patient outcomes, and ultimately help end the pandemic.
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9
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Price O, Maher L, Dietze PM, Bruno R, Crawford S, Sutherland R, Salom C, Dore GJ, Peacock A. COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and facilitators among people in Australia who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023. [PMID: 36802338 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to describe COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and identify potential facilitators for vaccine uptake among people who inject drugs. METHODS People who inject drugs were recruited from all eight Australian capital cities (N = 884; 65% male, mean age 44 years) and interviewed face-to-face or via telephone in June-July 2021. COVID-19 and broader vaccination attitudes were used to model latent classes. Correlates of class membership were assessed through multinomial logistic regression. Probability of endorsing potential vaccination facilitators were reported by class. RESULTS Three classes of participants were identified: 'vaccine acceptant' (39%), 'vaccine hesitant' (34%) and 'vaccine resistant' (27%). Those in the hesitant and resistant groups were younger, more likely to be unstably housed and less likely to have received the current season influenza vaccine than the acceptant group. In addition, hesitant participants were less likely to report a chronic medical condition than acceptant participants. Compared to vaccine acceptant and hesitant participants, vaccine-resistant participants were more likely to predominantly inject methamphetamine and to inject drugs more frequently in the past month. Both vaccine-hesitant and resistant participants endorsed financial incentives for vaccination and hesitant participants also endorsed facilitators related to vaccine trust. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION People who inject drugs who are unstably housed or predominantly inject methamphetamine are subgroups that require targeted interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Vaccine-hesitant people may benefit from interventions that build trust in vaccine safety and utility. Financial incentives may improve vaccine uptake among both hesitant and resistant people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Price
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa Maher
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M Dietze
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Sutherland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline Salom
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Moreno-Torres V, de Mendoza C, Martínez-Urbistondo M, Mills P, Treviño A, de la Fuente S, Díaz de Santiago A, Calderón-Parra J, Pintos-Pascual I, Corpas M, Soriano V. Predictors of in-hospital mortality in HIV-infected patients with COVID-19. QJM 2023; 116:57-62. [PMID: 36047831 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underlying immunodeficiency is associated with severe COVID-19, but the prognosis of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) with COVID-19 is under debate. Aim: assessment of the mortality rate and major determinants of death in HIV-infected patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain before vaccine availability. Design: Retrospective nationwide public database analysis. METHODS Nationwide, retrospective, observational analysis of all hospitalizations with COVID-19 during year 2020 in Spain. Stratification was made according to HIV status. The National Registry of Hospital Discharges was used with the ICD-10 coding list. RESULTS A total of 117 694 adults were hospitalized with COVID-19 during 2020. Only 234 (0.2%) were HIV-positives. More than 95% were on antiretroviral therapy. Compared to HIV-negatives, PWH were younger (mean age 53.2 vs. 66.5 years old; P<0.001) and more frequently male (74.8% vs. 56.6%; P<0.001). Most co-morbidities predisposing to severe COVID-19 (diabetes, hypertension, dementia and cardiovascular disease) were more frequent in HIV-negatives. In contrast, the rate of baseline liver disease was over 6-fold higher in PWH (27.4% vs. 4.4%; P<0.001). In-hospital mortality was lower in PWH (9.4% vs. 16%; P=0.004). In multivariate analysis, older age, dementia and especially advanced liver disease (relative risk (RR): 7.6) were the major determinants of death in PWH hospitalized with COVID-19. CONCLUSION HIV-infected patients hospitalized in Spain with COVID-19 during 2020 had better survival than HIV-negatives, most likely explained by younger age and lower rate of co-morbidities. However, advanced liver disease was a major predictor of death in PWH hospitalized with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Moreno-Torres
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - C de Mendoza
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
- UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Calle García Martín 21, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28224, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Urbistondo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Mills
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Treviño
- UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Calle García Martín 21, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28224, Madrid, Spain
| | - S de la Fuente
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Díaz de Santiago
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Calderón-Parra
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Pintos-Pascual
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Corpas
- UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Calle García Martín 21, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28224, Madrid, Spain
- Genetics Unit, Cambridge Precision Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road CB2 OAH, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Soriano
- UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Calle García Martín 21, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28224, Madrid, Spain
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Mukherjee A, Kumar G, Turuk A, Bhalla A, Bingi TC, Bhardwaj P, Baruah TD, Mukherjee S, Talukdar A, Ray Y, John M, Khambholja JR, Patel AH, Bhuniya S, Joshi R, Menon GR, Sahu D, Rao VV, Bhargava B, Panda S, NCRC Study team
MishraPuspendraMCANational Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, IndiaPanchalYashminPGDISADNational Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, IndiaSharmaLokesh KumarPhDIndian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IndiaAgarwalAnupMBBSMedstar Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of AmericaPuriG DMDPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, IndiaSuriVikasMDPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, IndiaSinglaKaranMDPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, IndiaMesipoguRajaraoMDGandhi Medical College, Telangana, IndiaAedulaVinaya SekharMDGandhi Medical College, Telangana, IndiaMohiuddinMohammed AyazMDGandhi Medical College, Telangana, IndiaKumarDeepakMDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaSaurabhSumanMDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaMisraSanjeevMChAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaKannaujePankaj KumarMDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur Chhattisgarh, IndiaKumarAjitMDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur Chhattisgarh, IndiaShuklaArvindPhDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur Chhattisgarh, IndiaPalAmitavaMDCollege of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaChakrabortyShreetamaMScCollege of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaDuttaMoumitaMScCollege of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaMondalTanushreeMDMedical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaChakravortySarmisthaMScMedical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaBhattacharjeeBoudhyanMDMedical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaPaulShekhar RanjanDTCDInfectious Disease And Beliaghata Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaMajumderDebojyotiMDInfectious Disease And Beliaghata Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaChatterjeeSubhrangaMBBSInfectious Disease And Beliaghata Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaAbrahamAbinMDChristian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaVargheseDivyaMDChristian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaThomasMariaMDChristian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaShahNiteshMDCIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, IndiaPatelMineshMDCIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, IndiaMadanSurabhiMDCIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, IndiaDesaiAnitaPhDNational Institute Of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaM LKala YadhavMDBowring & Lady Curzon Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaRMadhumathiMDBowring & Lady Curzon Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaG SChetnaMDBowring & Lady Curzon Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaOjhaU KMDShaheed Nirmal Mahato Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkahnd, IndiaJhaRavi RanjanShaheed Nirmal Mahato Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkahnd, IndiaKumarAvinashMDShaheed Nirmal Mahato Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkahnd, IndiaPathakAshishPhDRD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaSharmaAshishMDRD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaPurohitManjuMDRD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaSarangiLisaMDHi Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, IndiaRathMaheshMDHi Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, IndiaShahArti DDNBDhiraj Hospital & Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, IndiaKumarLavleshMDDhiraj Hospital & Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, IndiaPatelPrinceeMBBSDhiraj Hospital & Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, IndiaDulhaniNaveenMDLate BRK Memorial Medical College, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, IndiaDubeSimmiMDGandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaShrivastavaJyotsnaMDGandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaMittalArvindMDGandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaPatnaikLipilekhaMDInstitute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IndiaSahooJagdish PrasadDMInstitute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IndiaSharmaSumitaInstitute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IndiaKatyalV KMD, FACCPandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IndiaKatyalAshimaMDPandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IndiaYadavNidhiMDPandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IndiaUpadhyayRashmiMDGovernment Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSrivastavaSaurabhMDGovernment Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSrivastavaAnuragMDGovernment Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSutharNilay NMDSmt. NHL, Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaShahNehal MMDSmt. NHL, Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaRajvanshKrutiMDSmt. NHL, Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaPurohitHemangMScSmt. NHL, Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaMohapatraPrasanta RaghabMDAll India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IndiaPanigrahiManoj KumarMDAll India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IndiaSaigalSaurabhMD, EDICAll India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaKhuranaAlkeshMDAll India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaPanchalManishaMDGMERS Medical College Himmatnagar, Gujarat, IndiaAnderpaMayankMDGMERS Medical College Himmatnagar, Gujarat, IndiaPatelDhruvMBBSGMERS Medical College Himmatnagar, Gujarat, IndiaSalgarVeereshMDGulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalburagi, Karnataka, IndiaAlgurSantoshMBBSGulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalburagi, Karnataka, IndiaChoudhuryRatnamalaMDSt. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaRaoMangalaMDSt. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaDNithyaMScSt. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaGuptaBal KishanMDS.P.Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, IndiaKumarBhuvaneshMDS.P.Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, IndiaGuptaJigyasaMBBSS.P.Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, IndiaBhandariSudhirMDSMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaAgrawalAbhishekMDSMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaShameemMohammadMD, FRCPJN Medical College Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaFatimaNazishMDJN Medical College Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaPalaStarMDNorth Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, IndiaNongpiurVijayDMNorth Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, IndiaChatterjiSoumyadipDMTata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaMukherjeeSudiptaFNBTata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaShivnitwarSachin KMDDr D Y Patil Medical college Hospital and Research centre, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaTripathySrikanthMDDr D Y Patil Medical college Hospital and Research centre, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaLokhandePrajaktaMPHDr D Y Patil Medical college Hospital and Research centre, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaDanduHimanshuMDKing George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaGuptaAmitMDKing George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaKumarVivekMDKing George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSharmaNikitaMDMahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaVohraRajatMDMahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaPaliwalArchanaMDMahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaKumarM PavanMDKakatiya Medical College, MGM Hospital Warangal, Telangana, IndiaRaoA BikshapathiMDKakatiya Medical College, MGM Hospital Warangal, Telangana, IndiaKikonNyanthungPGDPHMDepartment of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Nagaland, Nagaland, IndiaKikonRhondemoMScIHCommunity Health Initiative, Nagaland, IndiaManoharKMDNizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, IndiaRajuY SathyanarayanaMDNizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, IndiaMadhariaArunMSESI Hospital and Gayatri Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IndiaChakravartyJayaMDInstitute of Medical sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaChaubeyManaswiMDInstitute of Medical sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBandaruRajiv KumarMDESIC medical College, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. IndiaMirzaMehdi AliDMESIC medical College, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. IndiaKatariaSushilaMDMedanta-The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, IndiaSharmaPoojaMedanta-The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, IndiaGhoshSoumitraMDInstitute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West BengalHazraAvijitMDInstitute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal. Vaccination saves lives: a real-time study of patients with chronic diseases and severe COVID-19 infection. QJM 2023; 116:47-56. [PMID: 36053197 PMCID: PMC9494346 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe the demographic and clinical profile and ascertain the determinants of outcome among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adult patients enrolled in the National Clinical Registry for COVID-19 (NCRC). METHODS NCRC is an on-going data collection platform operational in 42 hospitals across India. Data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients enrolled in NCRC between 1st September 2020 to 26th October 2021 were examined. RESULTS Analysis of 29 509 hospitalized, adult COVID-19 patients [mean (SD) age: 51.1 (16.2) year; male: 18 752 (63.6%)] showed that 15 678 (53.1%) had at least one comorbidity. Among 25 715 (87.1%) symptomatic patients, fever was the commonest symptom (72.3%) followed by shortness of breath (48.9%) and dry cough (45.5%). In-hospital mortality was 14.5% (n = 3957). Adjusted odds of dying were significantly higher in age group ≥60 years, males, with diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, chronic liver disease, malignancy and tuberculosis, presenting with dyspnoea and neurological symptoms. WHO ordinal scale 4 or above at admission carried the highest odds of dying [5.6 (95% CI: 4.6-7.0)]. Patients receiving one [OR: 0.5 (95% CI: 0.4-0.7)] or two doses of anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccine [OR: 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3-0.7)] were protected from in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS WHO ordinal scale at admission is the most important independent predictor for in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients. Anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination provides significant protection against mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alka Turuk
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Bhalla
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Subhasis Mukherjee
- College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Yogiraj Ray
- Infectious Disease And Beliaghata Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mary John
- Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Sourin Bhuniya
- All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rajnish Joshi
- All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Geetha R Menon
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, India
| | - Damodar Sahu
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, India
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Rao
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - NCRC Study team
MishraPuspendraMCANational Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, IndiaPanchalYashminPGDISADNational Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, IndiaSharmaLokesh KumarPhDIndian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IndiaAgarwalAnupMBBSMedstar Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of AmericaPuriG DMDPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, IndiaSuriVikasMDPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, IndiaSinglaKaranMDPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, IndiaMesipoguRajaraoMDGandhi Medical College, Telangana, IndiaAedulaVinaya SekharMDGandhi Medical College, Telangana, IndiaMohiuddinMohammed AyazMDGandhi Medical College, Telangana, IndiaKumarDeepakMDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaSaurabhSumanMDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaMisraSanjeevMChAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaKannaujePankaj KumarMDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur Chhattisgarh, IndiaKumarAjitMDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur Chhattisgarh, IndiaShuklaArvindPhDAll Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur Chhattisgarh, IndiaPalAmitavaMDCollege of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaChakrabortyShreetamaMScCollege of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaDuttaMoumitaMScCollege of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaMondalTanushreeMDMedical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaChakravortySarmisthaMScMedical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaBhattacharjeeBoudhyanMDMedical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaPaulShekhar RanjanDTCDInfectious Disease And Beliaghata Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaMajumderDebojyotiMDInfectious Disease And Beliaghata Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaChatterjeeSubhrangaMBBSInfectious Disease And Beliaghata Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaAbrahamAbinMDChristian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaVargheseDivyaMDChristian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaThomasMariaMDChristian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaShahNiteshMDCIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, IndiaPatelMineshMDCIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, IndiaMadanSurabhiMDCIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, IndiaDesaiAnitaPhDNational Institute Of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaM LKala YadhavMDBowring & Lady Curzon Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaRMadhumathiMDBowring & Lady Curzon Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaG SChetnaMDBowring & Lady Curzon Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaOjhaU KMDShaheed Nirmal Mahato Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkahnd, IndiaJhaRavi RanjanShaheed Nirmal Mahato Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkahnd, IndiaKumarAvinashMDShaheed Nirmal Mahato Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkahnd, IndiaPathakAshishPhDRD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaSharmaAshishMDRD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaPurohitManjuMDRD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaSarangiLisaMDHi Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, IndiaRathMaheshMDHi Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, IndiaShahArti DDNBDhiraj Hospital & Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, IndiaKumarLavleshMDDhiraj Hospital & Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, IndiaPatelPrinceeMBBSDhiraj Hospital & Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, IndiaDulhaniNaveenMDLate BRK Memorial Medical College, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, IndiaDubeSimmiMDGandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaShrivastavaJyotsnaMDGandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaMittalArvindMDGandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaPatnaikLipilekhaMDInstitute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IndiaSahooJagdish PrasadDMInstitute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IndiaSharmaSumitaInstitute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IndiaKatyalV KMD, FACCPandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IndiaKatyalAshimaMDPandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IndiaYadavNidhiMDPandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IndiaUpadhyayRashmiMDGovernment Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSrivastavaSaurabhMDGovernment Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSrivastavaAnuragMDGovernment Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSutharNilay NMDSmt. NHL, Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaShahNehal MMDSmt. NHL, Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaRajvanshKrutiMDSmt. NHL, Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaPurohitHemangMScSmt. NHL, Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaMohapatraPrasanta RaghabMDAll India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IndiaPanigrahiManoj KumarMDAll India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IndiaSaigalSaurabhMD, EDICAll India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaKhuranaAlkeshMDAll India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaPanchalManishaMDGMERS Medical College Himmatnagar, Gujarat, IndiaAnderpaMayankMDGMERS Medical College Himmatnagar, Gujarat, IndiaPatelDhruvMBBSGMERS Medical College Himmatnagar, Gujarat, IndiaSalgarVeereshMDGulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalburagi, Karnataka, IndiaAlgurSantoshMBBSGulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalburagi, Karnataka, IndiaChoudhuryRatnamalaMDSt. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaRaoMangalaMDSt. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaDNithyaMScSt. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaGuptaBal KishanMDS.P.Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, IndiaKumarBhuvaneshMDS.P.Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, IndiaGuptaJigyasaMBBSS.P.Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, IndiaBhandariSudhirMDSMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaAgrawalAbhishekMDSMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaShameemMohammadMD, FRCPJN Medical College Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaFatimaNazishMDJN Medical College Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaPalaStarMDNorth Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, IndiaNongpiurVijayDMNorth Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, IndiaChatterjiSoumyadipDMTata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaMukherjeeSudiptaFNBTata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaShivnitwarSachin KMDDr D Y Patil Medical college Hospital and Research centre, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaTripathySrikanthMDDr D Y Patil Medical college Hospital and Research centre, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaLokhandePrajaktaMPHDr D Y Patil Medical college Hospital and Research centre, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaDanduHimanshuMDKing George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaGuptaAmitMDKing George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaKumarVivekMDKing George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSharmaNikitaMDMahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaVohraRajatMDMahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaPaliwalArchanaMDMahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaKumarM PavanMDKakatiya Medical College, MGM Hospital Warangal, Telangana, IndiaRaoA BikshapathiMDKakatiya Medical College, MGM Hospital Warangal, Telangana, IndiaKikonNyanthungPGDPHMDepartment of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Nagaland, Nagaland, IndiaKikonRhondemoMScIHCommunity Health Initiative, Nagaland, IndiaManoharKMDNizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, IndiaRajuY SathyanarayanaMDNizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, IndiaMadhariaArunMSESI Hospital and Gayatri Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, IndiaChakravartyJayaMDInstitute of Medical sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaChaubeyManaswiMDInstitute of Medical sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBandaruRajiv KumarMDESIC medical College, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. IndiaMirzaMehdi AliDMESIC medical College, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. IndiaKatariaSushilaMDMedanta-The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, IndiaSharmaPoojaMedanta-The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, IndiaGhoshSoumitraMDInstitute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West BengalHazraAvijitMDInstitute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal
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Wang L, Davis PB, Kaelber DC, Xu R. COVID-19 breakthrough infections and hospitalizations among vaccinated patients with dementia in the United States between December 2020 and August 2021. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:421-432. [PMID: 35417628 PMCID: PMC9073984 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is lack of data on COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with dementia in the United States. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of 262,847 vaccinated older adults (age 73.8 ± 6.81 years old) between December 2020 and August 2021. RESULTS Among the fully vaccinated patients with dementia, the overall risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infections ranged from 8.6% to 12.4%. Patients with dementia were at increased risk for breakthrough infections compared with patients without dementia, with the highest odds for patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD) (adjusted odds ratio or AOR: 3.06, 95% confidence interval or CI [1.45 to 6.66]), followed by vascular dementia (VD) (AOR: 1.99, 95% CI [1.42 to 2.80]), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (1.53, 95% CI [1.22 to 1.92]), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI [1.51 to 2.11]). The incidence rate of breakthrough infections among fully vaccinated patients with dementia increased since December 2020 and accelerated after May 2021. The overall risk for hospitalization after breakthrough infections in patients with dementia was 39.5% for AD, 46.2% for VD, and 30.4% for MCI. DISCUSSION These results highlight the need to continuously monitor breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and outcomes in vaccinated patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Wang
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pamela B Davis
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David C. Kaelber
- The Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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13
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Walia D, Saraya A, Gunjan D. COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease - predictors of outcomes. World J Virol 2023; 12:30-43. [PMID: 36743659 PMCID: PMC9896592 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) in various ways. The maximum impact was seen on patients with underlying cirrhosis who have shown to have poor clinical outcomes in the form of increased risk of hepatic decompensation, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and even mortality. It is of paramount importance to identify various factors which are associated with unfavorable outcomes for prognostication and making informed management strategy. Many factors have been evaluated in different studies in patients with underlying CLD. Some of these factors include the severity of underlying chronic liver disease, comorbid conditions, age, and severity of COVID-19. Overall, the outcomes are not fav-orable in patients with cirrhosis as evidenced by data from various studies. The main purpose of this review is to identify the predictors of adverse clinical outcomes including mortality in patients with CLD for risk stratification, prognostication, and appropriate clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Walia
- Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, New Delhi, India
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14
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Althouse BM, Baker C, Smits PD, Gratzl S, Lee RH, Goodwin Cartwright BM, Simonov M, Wang MD, Stucky NL. Racial inequality in COVID-treatment and in-hospital length of stay in the US over time. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1074775. [PMID: 36711416 PMCID: PMC9876573 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1074775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Demonstrated health inequalities persist in the United States. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) has been no exception, with access to treatment and hospitalization differing across race or ethnic groups. Here, we aim to assess differences in treatment with remdesivir and hospital length of stay across the four waves of the pandemic. Materials and methods Using a subset of the Truveta data, we examine the odds ratio (OR) of in-hospital remdesivir treatment and risk ratio (RR) of in-hospital length of stay between Black or African American (Black) to White patients. We adjusted for confounding factors, such as age, sex, and comorbidity status. Results There were statistically significant lower rates of remdesivir treatment and longer in-hospital length of stay comparing Black patients to White patients early in the pandemic (OR for treatment: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80, 0.96; RR for length of stay: 1.17, CI: 1.06, 1.21). Rates became close to parity between groups as the pandemic progressed. Conclusion While inpatient remdesivir treatment rates increased and length of stay decreased over the beginning course of the pandemic, there are still inequalities in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Althouse
- Truveta, Inc., Bellevue, WA, United States
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Simonov
- Truveta, Inc., Bellevue, WA, United States
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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15
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Severe COVID-19 May Impact Hepatic Fibrosis /Hepatic Stellate Cells Activation as Indicated by a Pathway and Population Genetic Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010022. [PMID: 36672763 PMCID: PMC9858736 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has affected over 112 million people and killed more than 2.5 million worldwide. When the pandemic was declared, Spain and Italy accounted for 29% of the total COVID-19 related deaths in Europe, while most infected patients did not present severe illness. We hypothesised that shared genomic characteristics, distinct from the rest of Europe, could be a contributor factor to a poor prognosis in these two populations. To identify pathways related to COVID-19 severity, we shortlisted 437 candidate genes associated with host viral intake and immune evasion from SARS-like viruses. From these, 21 were associated specifically with clinically aggressive COVID-19. To determine the potential mechanism of viral infections, we performed signalling pathway analysis with either the full list (n = 437) or the subset group (n = 21) of genes. Four pathways were significantly associated with the full gene list (Caveolar-mediated Endocytosis and the MSP-RON Signalling) or with the aggressive gene list (Hepatic Fibrosis/Hepatic Stellate Cell (HSC) Activation and the Communication between Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the ±1 Mb window of all genes related to these four pathways were retrieved from the dbSNP database. We then performed Principal Component analysis for these SNPs in individuals from the 1000 Genomes of European ancestry. Only the Hepatic Fibrosis/HSC Activation pathway showed population-specific segregation. The Spanish and Italian populations clustered together and away from the rest of the European ancestries, with the first segregating further from the rest. Additional in silico analysis identified potential genetic markers and clinically actionable therapeutic targets in this pathway, that may explain the severe disease.
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16
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Hanif FM, Majid Z, Ahmed S, Luck NH, Mubarak M. Hepatic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 infection: Clinical and laboratory perspective. World J Virol 2022; 11:453-466. [PMID: 36483109 PMCID: PMC9724207 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has become a global challenge of unprecedented nature since December 2019. Although most patients with COVID-19 exhibit mild clinical manifestations and upper respiratory tract involvement, in approximately 5%-10% of patients, the disease is severe and involves multiple organs, leading to multi-organ dysfunction and failure. The liver and gastrointestinal tract are also frequently involved in COVID-19. In the context of liver involvement in patients with COVID-19, many key aspects need to be addressed in both native and transplanted organs. This review focuses on the clinical presentations and laboratory abnormalities of liver function tests in patients with COVID-19 with no prior liver disease, patients with pre-existing liver diseases and liver transplant recipients. A brief overview of the history of COVID-19 and etiopathogenesis of the liver injury will also be described as a prelude to better understanding the above aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina M Hanif
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zain Majid
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ahmed
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Nasir H Luck
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Mubarak
- Department of Pathology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
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17
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Krishnan A, Prichett L, Liu Y, Ting PS, Alqahtani SA, Kim AK, Ma M, Hamilton JP, Woreta TA, Chen PH. Risk of Severe Illness and Risk Factors of Outcomes of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Liver Disease in a Major U. S. Hospital Network. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:8407990. [PMID: 36387036 PMCID: PMC9649328 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8407990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS We studied 2731 patients with known CLD who were hospitalized at the Johns Hopkins Health System with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and December 15, 2021. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were MV and vasopressors. Multivariable Cox regression models were performed to explore factors associated with the outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 80.1% had severe COVID-19, all-cause mortality was 8.9%, 12.8% required MV, and 11.2% received vasopressor support. Older patients with underlying comorbidities were more likely to have severe COVID-19. There was association between elevated aminotransferases and total bilirubin with more severe COVID-19. Hepatic decompensation was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR 2.94; 95% CI 1.23-7.06). Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD, HR 2.79, 95% CI, 1.00-8.02) was independently associated with increased risk for MV, and independent factors related to vasopressor support were chronic pulmonary disease and underlying malignancy. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 infection in patients with CLD is associated with poor outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with hepatic decompensation was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality hazard, and ALD among patients with COVID-19 was associated with an increased hazard for MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Laura Prichett
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Peng-sheng Ting
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amy K. Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michelle Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - James P. Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tinsay A. Woreta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Po-Hung Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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18
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Angiotensin-converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) Expression in Pediatric Liver Disease. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:647-653. [PMID: 36222506 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The membrane protein angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) has gained notoriety as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Prior evidence has shown ACE2 is expressed within the liver but its function has not been fully discerned. Here, we utilized novel methodology to assess ACE2 expression in pediatric immune-mediated liver disease to better understand its presence in liver diseases and its role during infections such as COVID-19. We stained liver tissue with ACE2-specific immunofluorescent antibodies, analyzed via confocal microscopy. Computational deep learning-based segmentation models identified nuclei and cells, allowing the quantification of mean cellular and cytosolic immunofluorescent. Spatial transcriptomics provided high-throughput gene expression analysis in tissue to determine cellular composition for ACE2 expression. ACE2 plasma expression was quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High ACE2 expression was seen at the apical surface of cholangiocytes, with lower expression within hepatocyte cytosol and nonparenchymal cells (P<0.001). Children with liver disease had higher ACE2 hepatic expression than pediatric control tissue (P<0.001). Adult control tissue had higher expression than pediatric control (P<0.001). Plasma ACE2 was not found to be statistically different between samples. Spatial transcriptomics identified cell composition of ACE2-expressing spots containing antibody-secreting cells. Our results show ACE2 expression throughout the liver, with strongest localization to cholangiocyte membranes. Machine learning can be used to rapidly identify hepatic cellular components for histologic analysis. ACE2 expression in the liver may be increased in pediatric liver disease. Future work is needed to better understand the role of ACE2 in chronic disease and acute infections.
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19
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Exploration of the Potential Link, Hub Genes, and Potential Drugs for Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Lung Cancer Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8124673. [PMID: 36199786 PMCID: PMC9529395 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8124673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a huge influence on global public health and the economy. Lung cancer is one of the high-risk factors of COVID-19, but the molecular mechanism of lung cancer and COVID-19 is still unclear, and further research is needed. Therefore, we used the transcriptome information of the public database and adopted bioinformatics methods to identify the common pathways and molecular biomarkers of lung cancer and COVID-19 to further understand the connection between them. The two RNA-seq data sets in this study—GSE147507 (COVID-19) and GSE33532 (lung cancer)—were both derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for lung cancer and COVID-19 patients. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis and found some common features between lung cancer and COVID-19. We also performed TFs-gene, miRNAs-gene, and gene-drug analyses. In total, 32 DEGs were found. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by DEGs, and 10 hub genes were screened. Finally, the identified drugs may be helpful for COVID-19 treatment.
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20
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Nagarajan R, Krishnamoorthy Y, Rajaa S, Hariharan VS. COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E53. [PMID: 36007255 PMCID: PMC9480842 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.210228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-existing comorbid conditions in COVID-19 patients are risk factors for developing severe disease and death. We aimed to determine the association of chronic liver disease (CLD), a comorbid condition, with severity of disease and death among COVID-19 patients. METHODS We searched for studies reporting COVID-19 outcomes among CLD and non-CLD patients in databases including Medline, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from inception of the pandemic until February 2022. Risk of bias assessment was conducted by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. We conducted a meta-analysis with a random-effects model and reported pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. RESULTS We included 40 studies with 908,032 participants. Most studies were conducted in China and the US. COVID-19 patients with CLD had significantly higher odds of having a severe form of COVID-19 (pooled OR = 2.44; 95% CI, 1.89-3.16) and death (pooled OR = 2.35; 95% CI, 1.85-3.00) when compared with COVID-19 patients without CLD. CONCLUSION The presence of CLD is significantly related to adverse clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients in terms of severity and mortality. Clinicians should develop a comprehensive intervention plan to manage these high-risk patients and reduce COVID-19-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Nagarajan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
| | - Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, K.K. Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Rajaa
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, K.K. Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Sagnelli C, Macera M, Camaioni C, Salvati A, Coppola N, Sagnelli E. SARS-CoV-2 infection: a hurricane that does not ignore chronic hepatitis. Infection 2022; 50:849-858. [PMID: 35316530 PMCID: PMC8938965 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic significantly compromised screening, laboratory controls, clinical surveillance and treatment of chronic hepatitis patients and worsened their outcome, as evidenced by its significant correlation with advanced cirrhosis, liver decompensation and mortality. RESULTS This pandemic significantly impaired also the sector of liver transplantation, whose wards, operating rooms, outpatients' facilities, and healthcare personnel have been dedicated to patients with COVID-19. In addition, screening and treatment for HBV infection have been delayed or suspended in in most countries, with an increased risk of viral reactivation. Similar delay or suspension have also occurred for universal hepatitis B vaccination programs in many countries. Likewise, COVID-19 pandemic has made unreachable the goal of elimination of HCV infection as a worldwide public-health issue predicted for 2030 by the WHO. CONCLUSION This review article demonstrates how COVID-19 pandemic is causing serious damage to the sector of liver disease, which has quickly lost the beneficial effects of years of study, research, and clinical and technological application, as well as considerable financial investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80101, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Macera
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80101, Naples, Italy
| | - Clarissa Camaioni
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80101, Naples, Italy
| | - Annabella Salvati
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80101, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80101, Naples, Italy
| | - Evangelista Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80101, Naples, Italy.
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22
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Moss P, Berenbaum F, Curigliano G, Grupper A, Berg T, Pather S. Benefit-risk evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination in special population groups of interest. Vaccine 2022; 40:4348-4360. [PMID: 35718592 PMCID: PMC9135663 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several population groups display an increased risk of severe disease and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include those who are immunocompromised (IC), have a cancer diagnosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or chronic inflammatory disease including autoimmune disease, primary immunodeficiencies, and those with kidney or liver disease. As such, improved understanding of the course of COVID-19 disease, as well as the efficacy, safety, and benefit-risk profiles of COVID-19 vaccines in these vulnerable groups is paramount in order to inform health policy makers and identify evidence-based vaccination strategies. In this review, we seek to summarize current data, including recommendations by national health authorities, on the impact and benefit-risk profiles of COVID-19 vaccination in these populations. Moving forward, although significant efforts have been made to elucidate and characterize COVID-19 disease course and vaccine responses in these groups, further larger-scale and longer-term evaluation will be instrumental to help further guide management and vaccination strategies, particularly given concerns about waning of vaccine-induced immunity and the recent surge of transmission with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ayelet Grupper
- Department of Nephrology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Mining comorbidities of opioid use disorder from FDA adverse event reporting system and patient electronic health records. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:155. [PMID: 35710401 PMCID: PMC9202493 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become an urgent health problem. People with OUD often experience comorbid medical conditions. Systematical approaches to identifying co-occurring conditions of OUD can facilitate a deeper understanding of OUD mechanisms and drug discovery. This study presents an integrated approach combining data mining, network construction and ranking, and hypothesis-driven case-control studies using patient electronic health records (EHRs). METHODS First, we mined comorbidities from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) of 12 million unique case reports using frequent pattern-growth algorithm. The performance of OUD comorbidity mining was measured by precision and recall using manually curated known OUD comorbidities. We then constructed a disease comorbidity network using mined association rules and further prioritized OUD comorbidities. Last, novel OUD comorbidities were independently tested using EHRs of 75 million unique patients. RESULTS The OUD comorbidities from association rules mining achieves a precision of 38.7% and a recall of 78.2 Based on the mined rules, the global DCN was constructed with 1916 nodes and 32,175 edges. The network-based OUD ranking result shows that 43 of 55 known OUD comorbidities were in the first decile with a precision of 78.2%. Hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes were two top-ranked novel OUD comorbidities identified by data mining and network ranking algorithms. Based on EHR-based case-control studies, we showed that patients with OUD had significantly increased risk for hyperthyroidism (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.43-1.49, p value < 0.001), hypothyroidism (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.42-1.48, p value < 0.001), type 2-diabetes (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.26-1.29, p value < 0.001), compared with individuals without OUD. CONCLUSION Our study developed an integrated approach for identifying and validating novel OUD comorbidities from health records of 87 million unique patients (12 million for discovery and 75 million for validation), which can offer new opportunities for OUD mechanism understanding, drug discovery, and multi-component service delivery for co-occurring medical conditions among patients with OUD.
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Wu X, Luo Y, Wang S, Li Y, Bao M, Shang Y, Chen L, Liu W. AKAP12 ameliorates liver injury via targeting PI3K/AKT/PCSK6 pathway. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102328. [PMID: 35576690 PMCID: PMC9118925 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinase anchor protein 12（AKAP12）is a scaffold protein that is critical for cell structure maintenance and signal transduction. However, the role of AKAP12 in liver injury remains unclear. Here, we attempt to explore the potential contribution of AKAP12 in liver injury and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism. We found that AKAP12 deletion in acute liver injury (ALI) activates the PI3K/AKT phosphorylation signaling pathway, induces the increased expression of PCSK6 and its downstream inflammation-related genes, and prompts macrophages to produce a large number of inflammatory factors. And knockdown of PCSK6 by in vivo siRNA assay reversed in liver injury AKAP12Δhep mice, demonstrating that PCSK6 has an important role in ALI. Furthermore, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and serine/threonine kinase Akt (AKT) were upregulated in AKAP12Δhep mice of chronic liver injury. To sum up, our study here demonstrates that AKAP12 has a protective role in ALI and chronic liver fibrosis, at least in part through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/PCSK6 pathway. Our findings provide a new potential treatment for liver injury with important clinical implications.
The PI3K-AKT pathway is activated in the liver of AKAP12Δhep mice upon ALI. Increased PCSK6 expression is the main cause of aggravated ALI in AKAP12Δhep mice. Increased phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and AKT promote liver fibrosis in AKAP12Δhep mice. AKAP12 ameliorates liver injury through reprogramming PI3K/AKT/PCSK6 pathway.
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25
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Sohal A, Khalid S, Green V, Gulati A, Roytman M. The Pandemic Within the Pandemic: Unprecedented Rise in Alcohol-related Hepatitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:e171-e175. [PMID: 34653062 PMCID: PMC8843054 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The third leading preventable cause of death in the United States is excessive alcohol consumption. Our study sought to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hospitalizations for alcohol-related hepatitis at a community hospital system. We hypothesized an increase in cases of alcohol-related hepatitis requiring inpatient management, mirroring the strain on economic and societal norms imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. APPROACH/RESULTS We performed a retrospective chart review to study the incidence of alcohol-related hepatitis in patients presenting to 3 community hospitals in Fresno, California, before and during the COVID-19. Data including patient demographics, markers of disease severity, and clinical course were extracted from electronic medical records for 329 patients included in the study. There was a 51% increase in the overall incidence of alcohol-related hepatitis requiring hospitalization between 2019 and 2020 (P=0.003) and 69% increase (P<0.001) after implementation of the stay-at-home orders. In addition, 94% (P=0.028) increase in rehospitalizations was noted in 2020 (P=0.028), a 100% increase in patients under the age of 40 (P=0.0028), as well as a trend towards a 125% increase (P=0.06) of female patients admitted with this diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed drastic increases in severe alcohol-related hepatitis requiring inpatient management, specifically in patients under the age of 40 and in women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with severe alcohol-related hepatitis, these findings have far-reaching and lasting implications for our already strained health care system extending beyond the COVID-19 pandemic timeframe. Urgent public health interventions are needed to combat the rising misuse of alcohol and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alakh Gulati
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UCSF Fresno, Fresno, CA
| | - Marina Roytman
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UCSF Fresno, Fresno, CA
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Wang L, Wang Q, Davis PB, Volkow ND, Xu R. Increased risk for COVID-19 breakthrough infection in fully vaccinated patients with substance use disorders in the United States between December 2020 and August 2021. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:124-132. [PMID: 34612005 PMCID: PMC8661963 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at increased risk for COVID-19 infection and for adverse outcomes of the infection. Though vaccines are highly effective against COVID-19, their effectiveness in individuals with SUDs might be curtailed by compromised immune status and a greater likelihood of exposures, added to the waning vaccine immunity and the new SARS-CoV-2 variants. In a population-based cohort study, we assessed the risk, time trends, outcomes and disparities of COVID-19 breakthrough infection in fully vaccinated SUD patients starting 14 days after completion of vaccination. The study included 579,372 individuals (30,183 with a diagnosis of SUD and 549,189 without such a diagnosis) who were fully vaccinated between December 2020 and August 2021, and had not contracted COVID-19 infection prior to vaccination. We used the TriNetX Analytics network platform to access de-identified electronic health records from 63 health care organizations in the US. Among SUD patients, the risk for breakthrough infection ranged from 6.8% for tobacco use disorder to 7.8% for cannabis use disorder, all significantly higher than the 3.6% in non-SUD population (p<0.001). Breakthrough infection risk remained significantly higher after controlling for demographics (age, gender, ethnicity) and vaccine types for all SUD subtypes, except for tobacco use disorder, and was highest for cocaine and cannabis use disorders (hazard ratio, HR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.30-3.25 for cocaine; HR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.39-2.66 for cannabis). When we matched SUD and non-SUD individuals for lifetime comorbidities and adverse socioeconomic determinants of health, the risk for breakthrough infection no longer differed between these populations, except for patients with cannabis use disorder, who remained at increased risk (HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.22-1.99). The risk for breakthrough infection was higher in SUD patients who received the Pfizer than the Moderna vaccine (HR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.31-1.69). In the vaccinated SUD population, the risk for hospitalization was 22.5% for the breakthrough cohort and 1.6% for the non-breakthrough cohort (risk ratio, RR=14.4, 95% CI: 10.19-20.42), while the risk for death was 1.7% and 0.5% respectively (RR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.74-7.05). No significant age, gender and ethnic disparities for breakthrough infection were observed in vaccinated SUD patients. These data suggest that fully vaccinated SUD individuals are at higher risk for breakthrough COVID-19 infection, and this is largely due to their higher prevalence of comorbidities and adverse socioeconomic determinants of health compared with non-SUD individuals. The high frequency of comorbidities in SUD patients is also likely to contribute to their high rates of hospitalization and death following breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Wang
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - QuanQiu Wang
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pamela B Davis
- Center for Community Health Integration, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Nawghare P, Jain S, Chandnani S, Bansal S, Patel S, Debnath P, Rane S, Deshmukh R, Rathi P, Contractor Q. Predictors of Severity and Mortality in Chronic Liver Disease Patients With COVID-19 During the Second Wave of the Pandemic in India. Cureus 2022; 14:e20891. [PMID: 35145796 PMCID: PMC8809206 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in chronic liver disease patients is associated with poor outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictors of severity and mortality in this group of patients during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. In addition, we compared cirrhotic patients with COVID-19 with cirrhotic patients from the pre-COVID-19 period. Methodology This was a single-center observational study. We included data from 50 patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 retrospectively from the discharge/death files. A comparison group of 100 patients with cirrhosis from the pre-COVID period was also analyzed retrospectively. Results The majority of patients had predominantly respiratory symptoms, with fever being the most common symptom (85%). The most common presentation was acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). The most common form of decompensation was jaundice followed by hepatic encephalopathy. The overall mortality in cirrhotic patients with COVID-19 was double than that in cirrhotic patients from the pre-COVID-19 period. All patients with ACLF succumbed to multiorgan failure. Diabetes was the only comorbidity that was associated with severe infection. Higher creatinine on admission and high D-dimer levels correlated with severity. D-dimer was the only parameter that correlated with severity and mortality on multivariate analysis. None of the comorbidities predicted mortality. Among various composite scores, the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and CURB-65 correlated with mortality. On the area under the receiver operating characteristic analysis, a D-dimer level of >1.1 mg/L was associated with mortality. Conclusions COVID-19 infection in patients with cirrhosis is associated with poor outcomes. D-dimer levels of >1.1 mg/L on admission are a simple parameter to predict mortality. CTP and CURB-65 are composite scores that correlate with mortality in this group of patients.
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Karlsen TH, Sheron N, Zelber-Sagi S, Carrieri P, Dusheiko G, Bugianesi E, Pryke R, Hutchinson SJ, Sangro B, Martin NK, Cecchini M, Dirac MA, Belloni A, Serra-Burriel M, Ponsioen CY, Sheena B, Lerouge A, Devaux M, Scott N, Hellard M, Verkade HJ, Sturm E, Marchesini G, Yki-Järvinen H, Byrne CD, Targher G, Tur-Sinai A, Barrett D, Ninburg M, Reic T, Taylor A, Rhodes T, Treloar C, Petersen C, Schramm C, Flisiak R, Simonova MY, Pares A, Johnson P, Cucchetti A, Graupera I, Lionis C, Pose E, Fabrellas N, Ma AT, Mendive JM, Mazzaferro V, Rutter H, Cortez-Pinto H, Kelly D, Burton R, Lazarus JV, Ginès P, Buti M, Newsome PN, Burra P, Manns MP. The EASL-Lancet Liver Commission: protecting the next generation of Europeans against liver disease complications and premature mortality. Lancet 2022; 399:61-116. [PMID: 34863359 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom H Karlsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine and Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nick Sheron
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, Institut de recherche pour le développement, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Geoffrey Dusheiko
- School of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Sharon J Hutchinson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK; Clinical and Protecting Health Directorate, Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Natasha K Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michele Cecchini
- Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | - Mae Ashworth Dirac
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annalisa Belloni
- Health Economics and Modelling Division, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Miquel Serra-Burriel
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brittney Sheena
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alienor Lerouge
- Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | - Marion Devaux
- Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | - Nick Scott
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Doherty Institute and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Sturm
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Chris D Byrne
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Southampton National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aviad Tur-Sinai
- Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel
| | - Damon Barrett
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Tatjana Reic
- European Liver Patients Organization, Brussels, Belgium; Croatian Society for Liver Diseases-Hepatos, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Tim Rhodes
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carla Treloar
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claus Petersen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), and First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
| | - Marieta Y Simonova
- Department of Gastroenterology, HPB Surgery and Transplantation, Clinic of Gastroentrology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albert Pares
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alessandro Cucchetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabel Graupera
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisa Pose
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Fabrellas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ann T Ma
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Mendive
- Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; La Mina Health Centre, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Foundation (INT), Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia and Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Deirdre Kelly
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital and University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Robyn Burton
- Alcohol, Drugs, Tobacco and Justice Division, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Ginès
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Buti
- CIBEREHD del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Valle Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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Burkert FR, Lanser L, Bellmann-Weiler R, Weiss G. Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinics, Treatment, and Prevention. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:761887. [PMID: 34858373 PMCID: PMC8631905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.761887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged at the end of 2019 in China and affected the entire world population, either by infection and its health consequences, or by restrictions in daily life as a consequence of hygiene measures and containment strategies. As of September 2021, more than 231,000.000 infections and 4,740.000 deaths due to COVID-19 have been reported. The infections present with varied clinical symptoms and severity, ranging from asymptomatic course to fatal outcome. Several risk factors for a severe course of the disease have been identified, the most important being age, gender, comorbidities, lifestyle, and genetics. While most patients recover within several weeks, some report persistent symptoms restricting their daily lives and activities, termed as post-COVID. Over the past 18months, we have acquired significant knowledge as reflected by an almost uncountable number of publications on the nature of the underlying virus and its evolution, host responses to infection, modes of transmission, and different clinical presentations of the disease. Along this line, new diagnostic tests and algorithms have been developed paralleled by the search for and clinical evaluation of specific treatments for the different stages of the disease. In addition, preventive non-pharmacological measures have been implemented to control the spread of infection in the community. While an effective antiviral therapy is not yet available, numerous vaccines including novel vaccine technologies have been developed, which show high protection from infection and specifically from a severe course or death from COVID-19. In this review, we tried to provide an up-to-date schematic of COVID-19, including aspects of epidemiology, virology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, therapy, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Robert Burkert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Response to M. Amin: COVID-19 and the liver: overview. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:e1084. [PMID: 35048668 PMCID: PMC8734571 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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31
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Rosenblatt R, Lee H, Liapakis A, Lunsford KE, Scott A, Sharma P, Wilder J. Equitable Access to Liver Transplant: Bridging the Gaps in the Social Determinants of Health. Hepatology 2021; 74:2808-2812. [PMID: 34060678 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and social justice movement have highlighted the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) and structural racism in the United States on both access to care and patient outcomes. With the evaluation for liver transplantation being a highly subjective process, there are multiple ways for SDOH to place vulnerable patients at a disadvantage. This policy corner focuses on three different methods to reverse the deleterious effects of SDOH-identify and reduce implicit bias, expand and optimize telemedicine, and improve community outreach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Rosenblatt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Hannah Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Keri E Lunsford
- Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.,Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | | | - Pratima Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julius Wilder
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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32
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Balzora S, May FP, Ogedegbe G. COVID-19 and Social Determinants of Health in Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1373-1376. [PMID: 34454917 PMCID: PMC8418823 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Balzora
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Folasade P May
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gbenga Ogedegbe
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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33
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Łykowska-Szuber L, Wołodźko K, Rychter AM, Szymczak-Tomczak A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I, Dobrowolska A. Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5048. [PMID: 34768568 PMCID: PMC8585115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While respiratory symptoms are prevalent in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, growing evidence indicates that COVID-19 affects a wide variety of organs. Coronaviruses affect not only the respiratory system, but also the circulatory, nervous and digestive systems. The most common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients are hypertension, followed by diabetes, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease. Most conditions predisposing to SARS-CoV-2 infection are closely related to the metabolic syndrome. Obesity and chronic diseases, including liver disease, are associated with the induction of pro-inflammatory conditions and a reduction in immune response disorders, leading to the suspicion that these conditions may increase the susceptibility to SARS-CoV2 infection and the risk of complications. The definition of liver damage caused by COVID-19 has not yet been established. COVID-19 may contribute to both primary and secondary liver injury in people with pre-existing chronic disease and impaired liver reserves, leading to exacerbation of underlying disease, liver decompensation, or acute chronic liver failure. Therefore, many researchers have interpreted it as clinical or laboratory abnormalities in the course of the disease and treatment in patients with or without pre-existing liver disease. The research results available so far indicate that patients with liver disease require special attention in the event of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Łykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (K.W.); (A.S.-T.); (I.K.-K.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (K.W.); (A.S.-T.); (I.K.-K.); (A.D.)
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Pickard A, Calverley BC, Chang J, Garva R, Gago S, Lu Y, Kadler KE. Discovery of re-purposed drugs that slow SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009840. [PMID: 34499689 PMCID: PMC8428568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines based on the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been developed that appear to be largely successful in stopping infection. However, therapeutics that can help manage the disease are still required until immunity has been achieved globally. The identification of repurposed drugs that stop SARS-CoV-2 replication could have enormous utility in stemming the disease. Here, using a nano-luciferase tagged version of the virus (SARS-CoV-2-ΔOrf7a-NLuc) to quantitate viral load, we evaluated a range of human cell types for their ability to be infected and support replication of the virus, and performed a screen of 1971 FDA-approved drugs. Hepatocytes, kidney glomerulus, and proximal tubule cells were particularly effective in supporting SARS-CoV-2 replication, which is in-line with reported proteinuria and liver damage in patients with COVID-19. Using the nano-luciferase as a measure of virus replication we identified 35 drugs that reduced replication in Vero cells and human hepatocytes when treated prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection and found amodiaquine, atovaquone, bedaquiline, ebastine, LY2835219, manidipine, panobinostat, and vitamin D3 to be effective in slowing SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells when used to treat infected cells. In conclusion, our study has identified strong candidates for drug repurposing, which could prove powerful additions to the treatment of COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pickard
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AP); (KEK)
| | - Ben C. Calverley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Chang
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richa Garva
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Gago
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yinhui Lu
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karl E. Kadler
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AP); (KEK)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Wegermann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yuval Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julius Wilder
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
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Rehman ST, Rehman H, Abid S. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on prevention and elimination strategies for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:781-789. [PMID: 34367499 PMCID: PMC8326164 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i7.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality since its first case was discovered in December 2019. Since then, multiple countries have witnessed a healthcare system collapse due to the overwhelming demand for COVID-19 care. Drastic measures have been taken globally in order to curb the spread of the virus. However, those measures have led to the disruption of other aspects of healthcare, increasing the burden due to other medical conditions. We have also stepped back in achieving the ambitious goal set in place by World Health Organization to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public threat by 2030. Hepatitis B and C are chronic conditions with a significant worldwide burden, and COVID-19 has resulted in many hepatitis elimination programs slowing or stopping altogether. In this review, we elucidate the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the interventions targeted towards the elimination of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Some of the salient features that we have covered in this review include hindrance to screening and diagnostic tests, neonatal vaccinations, the transmission dynamics affecting hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, role of limited awareness, restrictions to treatment accessibility, and disparity in healthcare services. We have highlighted the major issues and provided recommendations in order to tackle those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Tabish Rehman
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Hareem Rehman
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Shahab Abid
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
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Martinez MA, Franco S. Impact of COVID-19 in Liver Disease Progression. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1138-1150. [PMID: 34533001 PMCID: PMC8239862 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), which has infected millions of people worldwide in only a few months. A minority, but significant number, of infected individuals require hospitalization and intensive care. From the start of this new virus pandemic, it was apparent that obese and/or diabetic individuals had a bad prognosis for COVID-19 progression, strongly suggesting an association between liver disease and severe COVID-19. Because chronic liver disease (CLD) is associated with immune dysregulation and inflammation, it is unsurprising that patients with CLD may carry a greater risk of adverse outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Initial COVID-19 data have also indicated that healthy infected individuals display abnormal liver function tests, suggesting a possible direct implication of SARS-CoV-2 in liver damage. Here we show that COVID-19 affects the liver metabolism and increases the morbidity and mortality of individuals with underlying CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Martinez
- IrsiCaixaHospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| | - Sandra Franco
- IrsiCaixaHospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
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Mamidi TKK, Tran-Nguyen TK, Melvin RL, Worthey EA. Development of An Individualized Risk Prediction Model for COVID-19 Using Electronic Health Record Data. Front Big Data 2021; 4:675882. [PMID: 34151259 PMCID: PMC8211871 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2021.675882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an accurate and interpretable model to predict an individual's risk for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a critical step to efficiently triage testing and other scarce preventative resources. To aid in this effort, we have developed an interpretable risk calculator that utilized de-identified electronic health records (EHR) from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (UAB-i2b2) COVID-19 repository under the U-BRITE framework. The generated risk scores are analogous to commonly used credit scores where higher scores indicate higher risks for COVID-19 infection. By design, these risk scores can easily be calculated in spreadsheets or even with pen and paper. To predict risk, we implemented a Credit Scorecard modeling approach on longitudinal EHR data from 7,262 patients enrolled in the UAB Health System who were evaluated and/or tested for COVID-19 between January and June 2020. In this cohort, 912 patients were positive for COVID-19. Our workflow considered the timing of symptoms and medical conditions and tested the effects by applying different variable selection techniques such as LASSO and Elastic-Net. Within the two weeks before a COVID-19 diagnosis, the most predictive features were respiratory symptoms such as cough, abnormalities of breathing, pain in the throat and chest as well as other chronic conditions including nicotine dependence and major depressive disorder. When extending the timeframe to include all medical conditions across all time, our models also uncovered several chronic conditions impacting the respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous and urinary organ systems. The whole pipeline of data processing, risk modeling and web-based risk calculator can be applied to any EHR data following the OMOP common data format. The results can be employed to generate questionnaires to estimate COVID-19 risk for screening in building entries or to optimize hospital resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Karthik Kumar Mamidi
- Center for Computational Genomics and Data Science, Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thi K. Tran-Nguyen
- Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ryan L. Melvin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Worthey
- Center for Computational Genomics and Data Science, Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with Fontan circulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2021; 3:100126. [PMID: 35359463 PMCID: PMC8010328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2021.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Elhence A, Vaishnav M, Biswas S, Chauhan A, Anand A, Shalimar. Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the Liver. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:247-255. [PMID: 34007807 PMCID: PMC8111098 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within a year of its emergence, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic. What has emerged during the past 1 year is that, apart from its potentially fatal respiratory presentation from which the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) derives its name, it presents with a myriad of gastrointestinal (GI) and liver manifestations. Expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor throughout the GI tract and liver, which is the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2, may be responsible for the GI and liver manifestations. Besides acting directly via the ACE-2 receptor, the virus triggers a potent immune response, which might have a role in pathogenesis. The virus leads to derangement in liver function tests in close to 50% of the patients. The impact of these derangements in patients with a normal underlying liver seems to be innocuous. Severe clinical presentations include acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure in a patient with chronic liver disease, leading to high mortality. Evolving data suggests that, contrary to intuition, liver transplant recipients and patients with autoimmune liver disease on immunosuppression do not have increased mortality. The exact mechanism underlying why immunosuppressed patients fare well as compared to other patients remains to be deciphered. With newer variants of COVID-19, which can spread faster than the original strain, the data on hepatic manifestations needs to be updated to keep a step ahead of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Chauhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Pickard A, Calverley BC, Chang J, Garva R, Lu Y, Kadler KE. Discovery of re-purposed drugs that slow SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.01.31.428851. [PMID: 33564760 PMCID: PMC7872348 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.31.428851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines based on the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been developed that appear to be largely successful in stopping infection. However, vaccine escape variants might arise leading to a re-emergence of COVID. In anticipation of such a scenario, the identification of repurposed drugs that stop SARS-CoV-2 replication could have enormous utility in stemming the disease. Here, using a nano-luciferase tagged version of the virus (SARS-CoV-2- DOrf7a-NLuc) to quantitate viral load, we evaluated a range of human cell types for their ability to be infected and support replication of the virus, and performed a screen of 1971 FDA-approved drugs. Hepatocytes, kidney glomerulus, and proximal tubule cells were particularly effective in supporting SARS-CoV-2 replication, which is in- line with reported proteinuria and liver damage in patients with COVID-19. We identified 35 drugs that reduced viral replication in Vero and human hepatocytes when treated prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection and found amodiaquine, atovaquone, bedaquiline, ebastine, LY2835219, manidipine, panobinostat, and vitamin D3 to be effective in slowing SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells when used to treat infected cells. In conclusion, our study has identified strong candidates for drug repurposing, which could prove powerful additions to the treatment of COVID.
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