• FA
• IBD
• IBS
• brain connectivity
• fractional anisotropy
• irritable bowel syndrome

• Ginsenoside Rd
• IBS
• MLCK
• p-MLC20

• C-section delivery
• Early life
• Gut barrier
• Inflammation
• Microbiota
• Murine model
• Primary colonization

• Mice
• Animals
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
• Disease Models, Animal
• Inflammation
• Colitis/chemically induced
• Microbiota
• Mammals

• Ramon y Cajal post-doctoral fellowship
• Binc Geneva Foundation
• Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

• Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
• gut microbiota
• metagenomic sequencing
• radioiodine therapy
• thyroid cancer

• UID/BIM/04293/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia

• brain
• central and enteral nervous systems
• inflammatory bowel disease
• oxidative and nitrosative stress in inflammatory bowel disease

• 2′fucosyllactose
• Bifidobacterium
• gut microbiota
• human milk oligosaccharide
• irritable bowel syndrome

• Ref: BB/T008776/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

• Bifidobacterium
• Lactobacillus
• fecal calprotectin
• fructooligosaccharides
• functional diarrhea
• multi-strain synbiotic

Zinc is an essential trace element for living organisms, and zinc homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of the normal physiological functions of cells and organisms. The intestine is the main location for zinc absorption and excretion, while zinc and zinc homeostasis is also of great significance to the structure and function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Zinc excess or deficiency and zinc homeostatic imbalance are all associated with many intestinal diseases, such as IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), and CRC (colorectal cancer). In this review, we describe the role of zinc and zinc homeostasis in the intestinal mucosal barrier and the relevance of zinc homeostasis to gastrointestinal diseases.

• Homeostasis
• Humans
• Intestinal Mucosa
• Intestines
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Zinc

• Colitis, Microscopic
• Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
• Diarrhea/metabolism
• Enteritis
• Eosinophilia/pathology
• Gastritis
• Humans
• Immunoglobulin E
• Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/metabolism
• NF-kappa B/metabolism

(1) Background: Specific foods, and more particularly, fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are often considered as triggers of digestive symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to study FODMAP consumption in controls and IBS participants in a large French population-based cohort; (2) Methods: Participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort study completed the Rome IV and IBS-SSS questionnaire in a cross sectional study. Among them, 27,949 eligible participants had previously completed three 24-h recalls as well as anthropometrics, socio-demographical and lifestyle data. Total FODMAP intake (in g/day) was computed using a specific composition table. The association between FODMAPs and IBS was estimated through multivariable logistic regression models; (3) Results: Included participants were mainly women (75.4%) and the mean age was 43.4 ± 14.1 years. FODMAPs accounted for a mean daily intake of 19.4 ± 9.5 g/day. Overall 1295 participants (4.6%) were identified with an IBS. After adjusting for confounding factors, IBS participants had lower intakes in FODMAPs than non-IBS ones (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.95, p-value: 0.001). IBS severity was associated with more frequent low FODMAP intakes (<9 g/day); (4) Conclusions: Participants tended to consume 19 g of FODMAPs per day, but slightly less for IBS participants than for controls. In IBS participants, higher severity was associated with lower intakes.

• FODMAP intake
• IBS
• Nutrinet-Santé cohort study
• Rome IV criteria
• cross-sectional study

• Adult
• Cohort Studies
• Diet/adverse effects
• Disaccharides/adverse effects
• Female
• Fermentation
• Food Analysis
• France
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/chemically induced
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Monosaccharides/adverse effects
• Oligosaccharides/adverse effects
• Polymers

• Gut-brain axis
• cognitive tool
• complex multi-domain care needs
• primary care

• Diarrhoea
• Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase-1 (ROCK-1)
• constipation
• irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)

• Animals
• Constipation/drug therapy
• Constipation/physiopathology
• Diarrhea/drug therapy
• Diarrhea/physiopathology
• Disease Models, Animal
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
• Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology
• Male
• Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/genetics
• Rats
• Rats, Wistar
• rho-Associated Kinases/genetics

• Alzheimer's disease
• Dementia
• Gastrointestinal disease
• Liver disease
• Microbiota
• Nerve degeneration

Despite huge evidence on the link between adherence to dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) eating pattern and several metabolic abnormalities, the association of this diet with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has not been investigated so far. We aim to examine the association between adherence to the DASH diet and prevalence of IBS symptoms and subtypes in adults.

This cross-sectional study was done among 3362 adult people in Isfahan, Iran. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 106-item dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. To investigate participants’ adherence to DASH-style diet, we created DASH score based on 8 main foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. Participants were classified into 3 categories according to their DASH-style diet scores. A validated modified Persian version of the Rome III questionnaire was applied for assessment of IBS.

Totally, 22.2% of study participants were affected by IBS. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, we found that participants in the highest tertile of DASH score had lower odds of IBS (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.83) compared with those in the lowest tertile. The same findings were also reached for IBS with constipation (OR for the highest vs the lowest tertile of DASH-style diet = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38-0.85). No significant association was seen between adherence to DASH-style diet and IBS with diarrhea (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.83-2.06).

We found a significant inverse association between adherence to DASH dietary pattern and odds of IBS and IBS with constipation. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

• Adult
• Dietary approaches to stop hypertension
• Iran
• Irritable bowel syndrome

• diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
• randomized controlled trial
• single-cell sequencing profiling
• tong-xie-an-chang decoction
• traditional chinese medicine

• Adult
• Complex Mixtures/administration & dosage
• Complex Mixtures/adverse effects
• Diarrhea/drug therapy
• Diarrhea/etiology
• Diarrhea/psychology
• Double-Blind Method
• Drug Monitoring/methods
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects
• Female
• Gene Expression Profiling/methods
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/blood
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology
• Male
• Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods
• Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
• Plant Extracts/adverse effects
• Quality of Life
• Symptom Assessment
• T-Lymphocytes
• Treatment Outcome

• bifidobacteria
• gastrointestinal tract
• gut commensal
• gut health
• gut microbiota

• IBS subtype
• gene expression
• irritable bowel syndrome
• sex differences

• Adult
• Female
• Gene Expression
• Genetic Variation
• Healthy Volunteers/statistics & numerical data
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/genetics
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Sex Factors

• P20 NR018075 NINR NIH HHS
• T32 NS070201 NINDS NIH HHS
• ZIA NR000018 Intramural NIH HHS
• ZIA NR000018 NINR NIH HHS
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Even though irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been known for more than 150 years, it still remains one of the research challenges of the 21st century. According to the current diagnostic Rome IV criteria, IBS is characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation and/or a change in bowel habit, in the absence of detectable organic causes. Symptoms interfere with the daily life of patients, reduce health-related quality of life and lower the work productivity. Despite the high prevalence of approximately 10%, its pathophysiology is only partly understood and seems multifactorial. However, many patients report symptoms to be meal-related and certain ingested foods may generate an exaggerated gastrointestinal response. Patients tend to avoid and even exclude certain food products to relieve their symptoms, which could affect nutritional quality. We performed a narrative paper review of the existing and emerging evidence regarding dietary management of IBS patients, with the aim to enhance our understanding of how to move towards an individualized dietary approach for IBS patients in the near future.

• dietary fiber
• dietary management
• exclusion diets
• gluten-free diet
• irritable bowel syndrome
• lactose-free diet
• low FODMAP diet

• diabetes
• diarrhea
• irritable bowel syndrome
• microbiota

• irritable bowel syndrome
• lactose intolerance
• lactose maldigestion

• IBS
• TSPO
• abdominal pain
• defecation
• stress

• Abdominal Pain/metabolism
• Abdominal Pain/psychology
• Animals
• Anxiety/metabolism
• Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
• Cyclopropanes/pharmacology
• Defecation/drug effects
• Gastrointestinal Transit/drug effects
• Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacology
• Hyperalgesia/metabolism
• Hyperalgesia/psychology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/metabolism
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/psychology
• Male
• Rats
• Rats, Inbred Lew
• Rats, Wistar
• Receptors, GABA-A
• Stress, Psychological/complications

• Clostridium butyricum
• Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Metabolite

• Animals
• Chromatography, Gas/methods
• Clostridium butyricum/physiology
• Disease Models, Animal
• Disease Progression
• Feces/chemistry
• Female
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/etiology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/metabolism
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/microbiology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy
• Mass Spectrometry/methods
• Metabolome/physiology
• Metabolomics/methods
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Probiotics/therapeutic use
• Reproducibility of Results
• Sensitivity and Specificity
• Stress, Psychological/complications
• Water

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional digestive tract disorders, e.g. functional bloating, carbohydrate maldigestion and intolerances, are very common disorders frequently causing significant symptoms that challenge health care systems. A low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols (FODMAP) diet is one of the possible therapeutic approaches for decreasing abdominal symptoms and improving quality of life.

We aimed to meta-analyze data on the therapeutic effect of a low-FODMAP diet on symptoms of IBS and quality of life and compare its effectiveness to a regular, standard IBS diet with high FODMAP content, using a common scoring system, the IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS).

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library as well as in the references in a recent meta-analysis. Adult patients diagnosed with IBS according to the Rome II, Rome III, Rome IV or NICE criteria were included in the analysis.

Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated from studies that contained means, standard deviation (SD) or mean differences and SD of differences and p-values. A random effect model was used because of the heterogeneity (Q test (χ2) and I² indicator). A p-value of less than 0.05 was chosen to indicate a significant difference.

The literature search yielded 902 publications, but only 10 were eligible for our meta-analysis. Both regular and low-FODMAP diets proved to be effective in IBS, but post-diet IBS-SSS values were significantly lower (p = 0.002) in the low-FODMAP group. The low-FODMAP diet showed a correlation with the improvement of general symptoms (by IBS-SSS) in patients with IBS.

This meta-analysis provides high-grade evidence of an improved general symptom score among patients with irritable bowel syndrome who have maintained a low-FODMAP diet compared to those on a traditional IBS diet, therefore showing its superiority to regular IBS dietary therapy. These data suggest that a low-FODMAP diet with dietitian control can be a candidate for first-line therapeutic modality in IBS. Because of a lack of data, well-planned randomized controlled studies are needed to ascertain the correlation between improvement of separate key IBS symptoms and the effect of a low-FODMAP diet.

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Clinical Trials as Topic
• Diet
• Disaccharides/therapeutic use
• Female
• Fermentation
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diet therapy
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Monosaccharides/therapeutic use
• Polymers/therapeutic use
• Quality of Life
• Young Adult

• FODMAP
• bloating
• diet
• irritable bowel syndrome
• specific carbohydrate diet

• irritable bowel syndrome
• ibs
• rome criteria
• treatment approaches

• Abdominal Pain/etiology
• Clinical Protocols
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy
• Mental Disorders/therapy
• Nurse's Role
• Quality of Life

• Z99 NR999999 Intramural NIH HHS
• ZIA NR000018 Intramural NIH HHS

• IQP-CL-101
• Xanthofen
• curcumin
• irritable bowel syndrome

• Biomarkers
• Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/genetics
• Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/isolation & purification
• Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology
• Humans
• Phylogeny

• Gut transit
• Lactulose hydrogen breath test
• Methanogenic flora
• Real-time polymerase chain reaction

• Adult
• Aged
• Area Under Curve
• Breath Tests
• Case-Control Studies
• Constipation/microbiology
• Diarrhea/microbiology
• Feces/chemistry
• Female
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/microbiology
• Lactulose
• Male
• Methane/analysis
• Methanobrevibacter/physiology
• Middle Aged
• ROC Curve
• Sensitivity and Specificity
• Young Adult

• Biomarkers
• Dietary factors
• Functional bowel disorder
• Gluten
• Wheat

• feminist theory
• functional disorder
• healthcare encounters
• irritable bowel syndrome
• narrative
• patient experience
• power relations

Growing evidence supports the efficacy of many probiotic strains in the management of gastrointestinal disorders associated with deregulated intestinal barrier function and/or structure. In particular, bifidobacteria have been studied for their efficacy to both prevent and treat a broad spectrum of animal and/or human gut disorders. The aim of the current work was thus to evaluate effects on intestinal barrier function of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494, a strain used in fermented dairy products. A chronic dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced low-grade inflammation model causing gut dysfunction in mice was used in order to study markers of inflammation, intestinal permeability, and immune function in the presence of the bacterial strain. In this chronic low-grade inflammation mice model several parameters pointed out the absence of an over active inflammation process. However, gut permeability, lymphocyte populations, and colonic cytokines were found to be altered. B. animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 was able to protect barrier functions by restoring intestinal permeability, colonic goblet cell populations, and cytokine levels. Furthermore, tight junction (TJ) proteins levels were also measured by qRT-PCR showing the ability of this strain to specifically normalize the level of several TJ proteins, in particular for claudin-4. Finally, B. lactis strain counterbalanced CD4⁺ lymphocyte alterations in both spleen and mesenteric lymphoid nodes. It restores the Th1/Th2 ratio altered by the DNBS challenge (which locally augments CD4⁺ Th1 cells) by increasing the Th2 response as measured by the increase in the production of major representative Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10). Altogether, these data suggest that B. animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 may efficiently prevent disorders associated with increased barrier permeability.

• apical junction proteins
• goblet cells
• micro-inflammation

AIM: To summarize and synthesize current literature on neuroimaging the brain-gut axis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

METHODS: A database search for relevant literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and Embase in February 2015. Date filters were applied from the year 2009 and onward, and studies were limited to those written in the English language and those performed upon human subjects. The initial search yielded 797 articles, out of which 38 were pulled for full text review and 27 were included for study analysis. Investigations were reviewed to determine study design, methodology and results, and data points were placed in tabular format to facilitate analysis of study findings across disparate investigations.

RESULTS: Analysis of study data resulted in the abstraction of four key themes: Neurohormonal differences, anatomic measurements of brain structure and connectivity, differences in functional responsiveness of the brain during rectal distention, and confounding/correlating patient factors. Studies in this review noted alterations of glutamate in the left hippocampus (HIPP), commonalities across IBS subjects in terms of brain oscillation patterns, cortical thickness/gray matter volume differences, and neuroanatomical regions with increased activation in patients with IBS: Anterior cingulate cortex, mid cingulate cortex, amygdala, anterior insula, posterior insula and prefrontal cortex. A striking finding among interventions was the substantial influence that patient variables (e.g., sex, psychological and disease related factors) had upon the identification of neuroanatomical differences in structure and connectivity.

CONCLUSION: The field of neuroimaging can provide insight into underlying physiological differences that distinguish patients with IBS from a healthy population.

• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Neuroimaging
• Brain-gut axis
• Functional magnetic resonance imaging

• ZIA NR000018 Intramural NIH HHS

• Irritable bowel syndrome
• liver enzymes
• metabolic syndrome

• Adult
• Alanine Transaminase/analysis
• Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
• Aspartate Aminotransferases/analysis
• Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
• Body Mass Index
• Case-Control Studies
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/enzymology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology
• Liver/metabolism
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome/complications
• Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis
• Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Prevalence
• Retrospective Studies
• Waist Circumference
• gamma-Glutamyltransferase/analysis
• gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism

• Carbohydrates
• Colon
• Food
• Gastrointestinal Symptoms

• Visceral pain
• functional gastrointestinal disorders
• irritable bowel syndrome

• Dysbiosis
• Functional gastrointestinal disorder
• Gastrointestinal microbiota
• Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

• Asthma
• Atopy
• Elimination diet
• Food allergy
• Food intolerance
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Non-celiac wheat sensitivity

• Celiac Disease/classification
• Celiac Disease/diagnosis
• Celiac Disease/diet therapy
• Celiac Disease/epidemiology
• Diet/adverse effects
• Diet, Gluten-Free
• Humans
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome/immunology
• Prevalence
• Risk Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• Wheat Hypersensitivity/complications
• Wheat Hypersensitivity/diagnosis
• Wheat Hypersensitivity/diet therapy
• Wheat Hypersensitivity/epidemiology
• Wheat Hypersensitivity/immunology

Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder diagnosed on symptom-based criteria without inclusion of any objective parameter measurable by known diagnostic methods. Heterogeneity of the disorder and overlapping with more serious organic diseases increase uncertainty for the physician's work and increase the cost of confirming the diagnosis. This paper is an attempt to summarize the efforts to find adequate biomarkers for irritable bowel syndrome, which should shorten the time to diagnosis and reduce the cost. Most of the reviewed papers were observational studies from secondary care institutions. Since publication of the Rome III criteria in 2006, most recent studies use these for the recruitment of IBS patients. This is a positive step forward as future studies should use the same criteria, facilitating comparison of their results. Among the studied biomarkers, most evidence is provided for fecal calprotectin. Cutoff values for fecal calprotectin have still to be investigated prior to inclusion in the irritable bowel syndrome diagnostic algorithm.

• explanations
• explanatory models
• irritable bowel syndrome
• mechanisms