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Hernández-Valencia J, García-Villarreal R, Rodríguez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Avalos AD, Rivero IA, Vique-Sánchez JL, Chimal-Vega B, Pulido-Capiz A, García-González V. Lapatinib-Resistant HER2+ Breast Cancer Cells Are Associated with Dysregulation of MAPK and p70S6K/PDCD4 Pathways and Calcium Management, Influence of Cryptotanshinone. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3763. [PMID: 40332401 PMCID: PMC12027730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 04/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Resistance to HER2 tyrosine-kinase inhibitor Lapatinib (Lap) is one of the leading causes of cancer treatment failure in HER2+ breast cancer (BC), associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. Cryptotanshinone (Cry) is a natural terpene molecule that could function as a chemosensitizer by disturbing estrogen receptor (ERα) signaling and inhibiting the protein translation factor-4A, eIF4A. Therefore, we evaluated Cry dual regulation on eIF4A and ERα. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Lap chemoresistance and the impact of Cry on them. We generated two Lap-resistant BT474 cell HER2+ variants named BT474LapRV1 and BT474LapRV2 with high chemoresistance levels, with 7- and 11-fold increases in EC50, respectively, compared to BT474 parental cells. We found a PDCD4-p70S6Kβ axis association with Lap chemoresistance. However, a concomitant down-regulation of the RAF-MEK-ERK cell survival pathway and NF-κB was found in the chemoresistant cell variants; this phenomenon was exacerbated by joint treatment of Cry and Lap under a Lap plasmatic reported concentration. Optimized calcium management was identified as a compensatory mechanism contributing to chemoresistance, as determined by the higher expression of calcium pumps PMCA1/4 and SERCA2. Contrary to expectations, a combination of Lap and Cry did not affect the chemoresistance despite the ERα down-regulation; Cry-eIF4A binding possibly dampens this condition. Results indicated the pro-survival eIF4A/STAT/Bcl-xl pathway and that the down-regulation of the MAPK-NF-κB might function as an adaptive mechanism; this response may be compensated by calcium homeostasis in chemoresistance, highlighting new adaptations in HER2+ cells that lead to chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández-Valencia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (J.H.-V.); (R.G.-V.); (M.R.-J.); (A.D.H.-A.); (B.C.-V.); (A.P.-C.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ruth García-Villarreal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (J.H.-V.); (R.G.-V.); (M.R.-J.); (A.D.H.-A.); (B.C.-V.); (A.P.-C.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (J.H.-V.); (R.G.-V.); (M.R.-J.); (A.D.H.-A.); (B.C.-V.); (A.P.-C.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Alex Daniel Hernández-Avalos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (J.H.-V.); (R.G.-V.); (M.R.-J.); (A.D.H.-A.); (B.C.-V.); (A.P.-C.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ignacio A. Rivero
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22510, Baja California, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Vique-Sánchez
- Centro de Ciencias de la Salud Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico;
| | - Brenda Chimal-Vega
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (J.H.-V.); (R.G.-V.); (M.R.-J.); (A.D.H.-A.); (B.C.-V.); (A.P.-C.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
- Centro de Innovación e Investigación en Salud (CIIS), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Angel Pulido-Capiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (J.H.-V.); (R.G.-V.); (M.R.-J.); (A.D.H.-A.); (B.C.-V.); (A.P.-C.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (J.H.-V.); (R.G.-V.); (M.R.-J.); (A.D.H.-A.); (B.C.-V.); (A.P.-C.)
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
- Centro de Innovación e Investigación en Salud (CIIS), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
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Olukosi OA, Philippi H, Veluri S, Kasireddy B, Ajao AM, Pilevar M, Oluseyifunmi IW. Assessment of two diet types in reduced-crude protein diets with or without phytase supplementation - implications on key phenotypic responses in 21-day-old broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2025; 66:256-265. [PMID: 39399981 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2412136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
1. Two concurrent experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of using the crude protein (CP) value of supplemental amino acids (AA) in formulating reduced-crude protein (RCP) diets. The RCP diets formulated without accounting for CP values of supplemental AA (RCPN) or otherwise (RCPY) or a positive control (PC) diet were fed without (Experiment 1) or with (Experiment 2) phytase.2. Each experiment utilised 105 male broiler chicks. Birds were provided a common starter diet from d 0-7. On d 21, ileal digesta were collected from the distal half of the ileum. For mRNA expression analysis, tissues were collected from the mid-jejunum and the liver. Excreta grab samples were collected for analysis for N content.3. In Experiment 1, there was a stepwise decrease (p < 0.01) in weight gain and excreta N for birds receiving PC, RCPN and RCPY diets. The coefficients of ileal digestibility of His, Leu, Phe and Trp were greater (p < 0.05) in birds that received RCPY rather than the PC diets. The relative mRNA expression of CAT1 was greater (p < 0.05) for birds that received the PC diet.4. In Experiment 2, growth performance and excreta N were not different between the PC and RCPN diets, but weight gain, feed intake and excreta N were greater (p < 0.01) in birds receiving PC or RCPN diets. The coefficients of digestibility were greater (p < 0.01) in RCP than PC diets for Lys, Thr, Cys, Gly and Ser. The mRNA expression for S6kinase and PRKAβ2 was greater (p < 0.05) for birds fed RCPN compared to PC.5. In conclusion, accounting for the N content of supplemental AA during feed formulation for RCP diets will influence the effect of CP reduction on growth performance and ileal amino acid digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Olukosi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - H Philippi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S Veluri
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - B Kasireddy
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - A M Ajao
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M Pilevar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - I W Oluseyifunmi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Bdzhola A, Malanchuk O, Palchevskyi S, Gout I, Filonenko V, Zhyvoloup A. Co-expression of the RPS6KB1 and PDPK1 genes for production of activated p70S6K1 using bac-to-bac baculovirus expression system. Mol Biol Rep 2025; 52:130. [PMID: 39821712 PMCID: PMC11742003 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-10136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1) is a member of the AGC family of serine/threonine kinases which plays a role in various cellular processes, including protein synthesis, cell growth, and survival. Dysregulation of p70S6K1, characterized by its overexpression and/or hyperactivation, has been implicated in numerous human pathologies, particularly in several types of cancer. Therefore, generating active, recombinant p70S6K1 is critical for investigating its role in cancer biology and for developing novel diagnostic or therapeutic approaches. METHODS The baculovirus dual expression system was utilized, enabling the co-expression of two recombinant proteins in infected cells: (a) His-tagged S6K1 with a deletion of the C-terminal autoinhibitory motif and a phosphomimetic mutation at the mTORC1 phosphorylation site (T389D), and (b) untagged PDPK1 lacking the PH domain. The high activity of the purified kinase was confirmed by immunoblotting, as well as by Kinase-Glo and AlphaScreen kinase assays. RESULTS Efficient expression of both recombinant proteins was achieved, resulting in highly pure preparations of His-tagged p70S6K1. The high activity of the purified kinase was confirmed through multiple kinase assays, demonstrating significantly higher levels of substrate phosphorylation compared to the tested commercial product. CONCLUSION Here, we report a reliable and efficient methodology for the expression and purification of highly active p70S6K1 (His-actS6K1) in quantity and quality that is suitable for biochemical/biophysical studies and high-throughput enzymatic assays. Our developed methodology offers a rapid and cost-effective approach for producing constitutively active His-actS6K1, which can be utilized in academic research and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bdzhola
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Malanchuk
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sergii Palchevskyi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Ivan Gout
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine.
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Valeriy Filonenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine.
| | - Alexander Zhyvoloup
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Werlen G, Hernandez T, Jacinto E. Food for thought: Nutrient metabolism controlling early T cell development. Bioessays 2025; 47:e2400179. [PMID: 39504233 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
T cells develop in the thymus by expressing a diverse repertoire of either αβ- or γδ-T cell receptors (TCR). While many studies have elucidated how TCR signaling and gene expression control T cell ontogeny, the role of nutrient metabolism is just emerging. Here, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming and nutrient availability impact the fate of developing thymic T cells. We focus on how the PI3K/mTOR signaling mediates various extracellular inputs and how this signaling pathway controls metabolic rewiring during highly proliferative and anabolic developmental stages. We highlight the role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway that generates metabolites that are utilized for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins and how it impacts TCR expression during T cell ontogeny. We consider the dichotomy in metabolic needs during αβ- versus γδ-T cell lineage commitment as well as how metabolism is also coupled to molecular signaling that controls cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Werlen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tatiana Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Thornton A, Komati R, Kim H, Myers J, Petty K, Sam R, Johnson-Henderson E, Reese K, Tran L, Sridhar V, Williams C, Sridhar J. Development of 6-amido-4-aminoisoindolyn-1,3-diones as p70S6K1 inhibitors and potential breast cancer therapeutics. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1481912. [PMID: 39749216 PMCID: PMC11694070 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1481912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many breast cancer therapeutics target the PI3K/AKT/mTOR oncogenic pathway. Development of resistance to the therapeutics targeting this pathway is a frequent occurrence. Therapeutics targeting p70S6K1, a downstream member of this pathway, have recently gained importance due to its critical role in all types of breast cancer and its status as a prognostic marker. We have developed a new class of p70S6K1 inhibitors that show growth inhibition of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Methods A series of 6-amido-4-aminoisoindolyn-1,3-dione compounds was developed against p70S6K1 using docking, computational modeling tools, and synthesis of the designed compounds. The p70S6K1 inhibition potency of the compounds was investigated in an initial high-throughput screening followed by IC50 determination for the most active ones. The best compounds were subjected to proliferation assays on MCF7 breast cancer cells. The targeting of p70S6K1 by the compounds was confirmed by studying the phosphorylation status of downstream protein rpS6. Results In this study, we have identified a new class of compounds as p70S6K1 inhibitors that function as growth inhibitors of MCF7 breast cancer cells. The structural features imparting p70S6K1 inhibition potency to the compounds have been mapped. Our studies indicate that substitutions on the phenacetyl group residing in the cleft A of the protein do not contribute to the inhibition potency. Three compounds (5b, 5d, and 5f) have been identified to have sub-micromolar inhibition potency for p70S6K1. These compounds also exhibited growth inhibition of MCF7 cells by 40%-60% in the presence of estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Thornton
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rajesh Komati
- Department of Chemistry, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, United States
| | - Hogyoung Kim
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jamiah Myers
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kymmia Petty
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rion Sam
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Keshunna Reese
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vaniyambadi Sridhar
- Department of Biology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Christopher Williams
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Qin M, Zhu J, Xing L, Fan Y, Luo J, Sun J, Chen T, Zhang Y, Xi Q. Adipose-derived exosomes ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy via miR-146a-5p/IGF-1R signaling. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:754. [PMID: 39696303 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of muscle disorders has gained popularity, with a particular emphasis on the relationship between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In our investigation, we discovered that the deletion of miR-146a-5p specifically in adipose tissue (aKO) led to a notable rise in mice's mass and adiposity. In contrast, it led to a decline in lean mass, ability to exercise, diameter of muscle fibers, and the levels of genes associated with differentiation. The co-culture experiment showed that the transfection of miR-146a-5p mimics to 3T3-L1 significantly suppressive cell growth and promotes myotube differentiation in C2C12 cells. Exosomes from white adipose tissue (WAT) of aKO mice (aKO-WAT-Exos) significantly promoted muscle atrophy and inhibited differentiation of C2C12 cells but were reversed by co-incubation with miR-146a-5p-mimics. The miR-146a-5p can specifically target IGF-1R to improve skeletal muscle wasting. In this process, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated or the FoxO3 pathway is inhibited to enhance the synthesis of skeletal muscle proteins. Significantly, miR-146a-5p serves a crucial function as a microRNA in the communication of the fat-muscle connection. It can be transported through the pathway of exosomes derived from adipose tissue, ultimately ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy and modulating body mass index (BMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Orthopedic Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lipeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yaotian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Gu J, Mi H, Ren M, Huang D, Aboseif AM, Liang H, Zhang L. Research on Function of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 1α and β, Based on Molecular Cloning and siRNA-Based Interference in Juvenile Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala). BIOLOGY 2024; 13:875. [PMID: 39596830 PMCID: PMC11591792 DOI: 10.3390/biology13110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of S6K1α and β on the expression of glycolysis- and gluconeogenesis-related genes in juvenile blunt snout bream. Two isoforms, α and β, of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 in blunt snout bream were cloned and characterized, and their expression patterns were examined in vivo. The sequence analysis showed that s6k1α and s6k1β contain open reading frames of 2217 and 1497 bp, encoding 738 and 498 amino acids, respectively. Both S6K1α and S6K1β consist of an S_TKc domain and an extended S_TK_X domain. s6k1α and s6k1β were abundantly expressed in the heart and gonads. siRNAs were designed, and the experiment showed that α-siRNA inhibited s6k1α and s6k1β expression, but β-siRNA exclusively inhibited s6k1α expression (p < 0.05). α-siRNA upregulated the expression levels of gk and pk, while β-siRNA upregulated pepck and g6p expression (p < 0.05). The expression of g6pdh was found to be downregulated, but the gs mRNA level was overexpressed after treatment with α-siRNA and β-siRNA (p < 0.05). In the present experiment, S6K1α was more intimately involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis when only S6K1α was inhibited, whereas the inhibition of both S6K1α and S6K1β collectively co-regulated glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Aboseif
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
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Gawedzka A, Knapik-Czajka M, Drag J, Belczyk M, Radwanska E, Adamek D. Skeletal muscle fibre type-dependent effects of atorvastatin on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway and atrophy-related genes in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:1062. [PMID: 39419905 PMCID: PMC11486814 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-10005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the probable causes of statin myotoxicity is an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. These processes are regulated by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS). The aim of this study was to assess whether the effects of atorvastatin on PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway downstream proteins, the FoxO3a transcription factor and the UPS genes, i.e., MuRF-1 and MAFbx, depend on muscle fibre type. METHODS AND RESULTS Atorvastatin (50 mg/kg) was administered to Wistar rats. The levels of selected PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway proteins were assayed via Western blotting, whereas MuRF-1, MAFbx and FoxO3a mRNA levels were measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR). Gomöri trichrome staining was performed to assess skeletal muscle pathology. A decrease in the P-Akt/Akt ratio was observed in the gastrocnemius muscle (MG), whereas an increase in the P-Akt/Akt ratio was observed in the soleus muscle (SOL). FoxO3a gene expression increased in the SOL and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. MuRF-1 gene expression increased in the MG, and MAFbx expression increased in the EDL. No histopathological changes were observed in any of the tested muscles. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of overt muscle damage, atorvastatin decreased the P-Akt/Akt ratio in the MG, indicating an increase in inactive Akt. Consistent with the decrease in Akt activation, rpS6 phosphorylation decreased. In SOL, atorvastatin increased the P-Akt/Akt ratio, indicating Akt activation. P-FoxO3a and the P-FoxO3a/FoxO3a ratio increased, suggesting that FoxO3a inactivation occurred. Moreover, in the SOL, atorvastatin did not affect the expression of atrophy-related genes. These findings indicate that atorvastatin has no adverse effect on the Akt pathway in the SOL. Our results showed that the effects of atorvastatin on the Akt signalling pathway and atrophy-related gene expression depend on muscle type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gawedzka
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Knapik-Czajka
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., Krakow, 30-688, Poland
| | - Jagoda Drag
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., Krakow, 30-688, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Belczyk
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., Krakow, 30-688, Poland
| | - Edyta Radwanska
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Adamek
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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9
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Zhou L, van Bree N, Boutin L, Ryu J, Moussaud S, Liu M, Otrocka M, Olsson M, Falk A, Wilhelm M. High-throughput neural stem cell-based drug screening identifies S6K1 inhibition as a selective vulnerability in sonic hedgehog-medulloblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1685-1699. [PMID: 38860311 PMCID: PMC11376459 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in children. Current treatments have increased overall survival but can lead to devastating side effects and late complications in survivors, emphasizing the need for new, improved targeted therapies that specifically eliminate tumor cells while sparing the normally developing brain. METHODS Here, we used a sonic hedgehog (SHH)-MB model based on a patient-derived neuroepithelial stem cell system for an unbiased high-throughput screen with a library of 172 compounds with known targets. Compounds were evaluated in both healthy neural stem cells (NSCs) and tumor cells derived from the same patient. Based on the difference of cell viability and drug sensitivity score between normal cells and tumor cells, hit compounds were selected and further validated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified PF4708671 (S6K1 inhibitor) as a potential agent that selectively targets SHH-driven MB tumor cells while sparing NSCs and differentiated neurons. Subsequent validation studies confirmed that PF4708671 inhibited the growth of SHH-MB tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo, and that knockdown of S6K1 resulted in reduced tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that inhibition of S6K1 specifically affects tumor growth, whereas it has less effect on non-tumor cells. Our data also show that the NES cell platform can be used to identify potentially effective new therapies and targets for SHH-MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niek van Bree
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lola Boutin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinhye Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Moussaud
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingzhi Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Otrocka
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Olsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Deng D, Liu X, Huang W, Yuan S, Liu G, Ai S, Fu Y, Xu H, Zhang X, Li S, Xu S, Bai X, Zhang Y. Osteoclasts control endochondral ossification via regulating acetyl-CoA availability. Bone Res 2024; 12:49. [PMID: 39198395 PMCID: PMC11358419 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast is critical in skeletal development and fracture healing, yet the impact and underlying mechanisms of their metabolic state on these processes remain unclear. Here, by using osteoclast-specific small GTPase Rheb1-knockout mice, we reveal that mitochondrial respiration, rather than glycolysis, is essential for cathepsin K (CTSK) production in osteoclasts and is regulated by Rheb1 in a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-independent manner. Mechanistically, we find that Rheb1 coordinates with mitochondrial acetyl-CoA generation to fuel CTSK, and acetyl-CoA availability in osteoclasts is the central to elevating CTSK. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that the regulation of CTSK by acetyl-CoA availability is critical and may confer a risk for abnormal endochondral ossification, which may be the main cause of poor fracture healing on alcohol consumption, targeting Rheb1 could successfully against the process. These findings uncover a pivotal role of mitochondria in osteoclasts and provide a potent therapeutic opportunity in bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizhao Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlan Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Sirui Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Genming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Ai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijie Fu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Haokun Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shihai Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Vafaei Z, Khodagholi F, Nategh M, Nikseresht S, Hashemirad SR, Raise-Abdullahi P, Vafaei AA, Motamedi F. Involvement of relaxin-family peptide-3 receptor (RXFP3) in the ventral dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in spatial and fear memory in rats. Peptides 2024; 178:171244. [PMID: 38788901 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The neuropeptide relaxin-3 and its cognate receptor, relaxin family peptide-3 receptors (RXFP3), have been implicated in modulating learning and memory processes, but their specific roles remain unclear. This study utilized behavioral and molecular approaches to investigate the effects of putatively reversible blockade of RXFP3 in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of the hippocampus on spatial and fear memory formation in rats. Male Wistar rats received bilateral vDG cannula implantation and injections of the RXFP3 antagonist, R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5 (400 ng/0.5 μL per side), or vehicle at specific time points before acquisition, consolidation, or retrieval phases of the Morris water maze and passive avoidance learning tasks. RXFP3 inhibition impaired acquisition in the passive avoidance task but not the spatial learning task. However, both memory consolidation and retrieval were disrupted in both tasks following RXFP3 antagonism. Ventral hippocampal levels of the consolidation-related kinase p70-S6 kinase (p70S6K) were reduced RXFP3 blockade. These findings highlight a key role for ventral hippocampal RXFP3 signaling in the acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of spatial and emotional memories, extending previous work implicating this neuropeptide system in hippocampal memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Vafaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nategh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Nikseresht
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seyed Reza Hashemirad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Alam A, Khan MS, Mathur Y, Sulaimani MN, Farooqui N, Ahmad SF, Nadeem A, Yadav DK, Mohammad T. Structure-based identification of potential inhibitors of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, targeting cancer therapy: a combined docking and molecular dynamics simulations approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5758-5769. [PMID: 37365756 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2228912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), commonly known as P70-S6 kinase 1 (p70S6), is a key protein kinase involved in cellular signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. Its significant role is reported in the PIK3/mTOR signaling pathway and is associated with various complex diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and different types of cancer. Due to its involvement in various physiological and pathological conditions, S6K1 is considered as an attractive target for drug design and discovery. One way to target S6K1 is by developing small molecule inhibitors that specifically bind to its ATP-binding site, preventing its activation and thus inhibiting downstream signaling pathways necessary for cell growth and survival. In this study, we have conducted a multitier virtual screening of a pool of natural compounds to identify potential S6K1 inhibitors. We performed molecular docking on IMPPAT 2.0 library and selected top hits based on their binding affinity, ligand efficiency, and specificity towards S6K1. The selected hits were further assessed based on different filters of drug-likeliness where two compounds (Hecogenin and Glabrene) were identified as potential leads for S6K1 inhibition. Both compounds showed appreciable affinity, ligand efficiency and specificity towards S6K1 binding pocket, drug-like properties, and stable protein-ligand complexes in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Finally, our study has suggested that Hecogenin and Glabrene can be potential S6K1 inhibitors which are presumably implicated in the therapeutic management of associated diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and varying types of cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar Alam
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Shahzeb Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Yash Mathur
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Nayab Sulaimani
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Naqiya Farooqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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13
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Gu W, Cong X, Pei Y, Che Ajuyo NM, Min Y, Wang D. Impaired Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Regulated by p70S6K: A Putative Pathological Feature in Alzheimer's Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:369. [PMID: 39057692 PMCID: PMC11278668 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Mitochondrial energy metabolism and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) play significant roles in AD pathology. However, the potential relationship between them is unclear. In this study, bioinformatics methods were initially applied to analyze the transcriptomic data in the CA1 and the primary visual cortex of patients with AD and Aβ42-treated SH-SY5Y cells. By applying secreted Aβ42 and p70S6K gene silencing in cells, we explored disorders in mitochondrial function and the regulatory roles of p70S6K by flow cytometry, laser scanning confocal microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, Western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The study reveals that impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is a potential pathological feature of AD and that p70S6K gene silencing reversed most of the changes induced by Aβ42, such as the activities of the electron transport chain complexes I and III, as well as ATP synthase, ATP production, generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and phosphorylation of AMPK, PINK1, and Parkin, all of which are required for mitochondria to function properly in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Bioresources of the Educational Ministry of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinli Cong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Bioresources of the Educational Ministry of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yechun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Bioresources of the Educational Ministry of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Nuela Manka’a Che Ajuyo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Bioresources of the Educational Ministry of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yi Min
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Bioresources of the Educational Ministry of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Bioresources of the Educational Ministry of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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14
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Konopleva MY, Dail M, Daver NG, Garcia JS, Jonas BA, Yee KWL, Kelly KR, Vey N, Assouline S, Roboz GJ, Paolini S, Pollyea DA, Tafuri A, Brandwein JM, Pigneux A, Powell BL, Fenaux P, Olin RL, Visani G, Martinelli G, Onishi M, Wang J, Huang W, Dunshee DR, Hamidi H, Ott MG, Hong WJ, Andreeff M. Venetoclax and Cobimetinib in Relapsed/Refractory AML: A Phase 1b Trial. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2024; 24:364-374. [PMID: 38378362 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia remain limited and outcomes poor, especially amongst patients who are ineligible for cytotoxic chemotherapy or targeted therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase 1b trial evaluated venetoclax, a B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitor, plus cobimetinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia, ineligible for cytotoxic chemotherapy. Two-dimensional dose-escalation was performed for venetoclax dosed daily, and for cobimetinib dosed on days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle. RESULTS Thirty patients (median [range] age: 71.5 years [60-84]) received venetoclax-cobimetinib. The most common adverse events (AEs; in ≥40.0% of patients) were diarrhea (80.0%), nausea (60.0%), vomiting (40.0%), febrile neutropenia (40.0%), and fatigue (40.0%). Overall, 66.7% and 23.3% of patients experienced AEs leading to dose modification/interruption or treatment withdrawal, respectively. The composite complete remission (CRc) rate (complete remission [CR] + CR with incomplete blood count recovery + CR with incomplete platelet recovery) was 15.6%; antileukemic response rate (CRc + morphologic leukemia-free state/partial remission) was 18.8%. For the recommended phase 2 dose (venetoclax: 600 mg; cobimetinib: 40 mg), CRc and antileukemic response rates were both 12.5%. Failure to achieve an antileukemic response was associated with elevated baseline phosphorylated ERK and MCL-1 levels, but not BCL-xL. Baseline mutations in ≥1 signaling gene or TP53 were noted in nonresponders and emerged on treatment. Pharmacodynamic biomarkers revealed inconsistent, transient inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSION Venetoclax-cobimetinib showed limited preliminary efficacy similar to single-agent venetoclax, but with added toxicity. Our findings will inform future trials of BCL-2/MAPK pathway inhibitor combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naval G Daver
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Brian A Jonas
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Karen W L Yee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Norbert Vey
- Hematologie Clinique, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Gail J Roboz
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Stefania Paolini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Sant'Andrea-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Arnaud Pigneux
- Bordeaux Haut-Leveque University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Bayard L Powell
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca L Olin
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Jue Wang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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15
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Joshi K, Luisi B, Wunderlin G, Saleh S, Lilly A, Okusolubo T, Farabaugh PJ. An evolutionarily conserved phosphoserine-arginine salt bridge in the interface between ribosomal proteins uS4 and uS5 regulates translational accuracy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3989-4001. [PMID: 38340338 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein and protein-rRNA interactions at the interface between ribosomal proteins uS4 and uS5 are thought to maintain the accuracy of protein synthesis by increasing selection of cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs. Selection involves a major conformational change-domain closure-that stabilizes aminoacyl-tRNA in the ribosomal acceptor (A) site. This has been thought a constitutive function of the ribosome ensuring consistent accuracy. Recently, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ctk1 cyclin-dependent kinase was demonstrated to ensure translational accuracy and Ser238 of uS5 proposed as its target. Surprisingly, Ser238 is outside the uS4-uS5 interface and no obvious mechanism has been proposed to explain its role. We show that the true target of Ctk1 regulation is another uS5 residue, Ser176, which lies in the interface opposite to Arg57 of uS4. Based on site specific mutagenesis, we propose that phospho-Ser176 forms a salt bridge with Arg57, which should increase selectivity by strengthening the interface. Genetic data show that Ctk1 regulates accuracy indirectly; the data suggest that the kinase Ypk2 directly phosphorylates Ser176. A second kinase pathway involving TORC1 and Pkc1 can inhibit this effect. The level of accuracy appears to depend on competitive action of these two pathways to regulate the level of Ser176 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikeya Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, USA
| | - Brooke Luisi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, USA
| | - Grant Wunderlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, USA
| | - Sima Saleh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, USA
| | - Anna Lilly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, USA
| | - Temiloluwa Okusolubo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, USA
| | - Philip J Farabaugh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore 21250, USA
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16
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Reda GK, Ndunguru SF, Csernus B, Gulyás G, Knop R, Szabó C, Czeglédi L, Lendvai ÁZ. Dietary restriction and life-history trade-offs: insights into mTOR pathway regulation and reproductive investment in Japanese quail. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247064. [PMID: 38563310 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Resources are needed for growth, reproduction and survival, and organisms must trade off limited resources among competing processes. Nutritional availability in organisms is sensed and monitored by nutrient-sensing pathways that can trigger physiological changes or alter gene expression. Previous studies have proposed that one such signalling pathway, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), underpins a form of adaptive plasticity when individuals encounter constraints in their energy budget. Despite the fundamental importance of this process in evolutionary biology, how nutritional limitation is regulated through the expression of genes governing this pathway and its consequential effects on fitness remain understudied, particularly in birds. We used dietary restriction to simulate resource depletion and examined its effects on body mass, reproduction and gene expression in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). Quails were subjected to feeding at 20%, 30% and 40% restriction levels or ad libitum for 2 weeks. All restricted groups exhibited reduced body mass, whereas reductions in the number and mass of eggs were observed only under more severe restrictions. Additionally, dietary restriction led to decreased expression of mTOR and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), whereas the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (RPS6K1) and autophagy-related genes (ATG9A and ATG5) were upregulated. The pattern in which mTOR responded to restriction was similar to that for body mass. Regardless of the treatment, proportionally higher reproductive investment was associated with individual variation in mTOR expression. These findings reveal the connection between dietary intake and the expression of mTOR and related genes in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebrehaweria K Reda
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sawadi F Ndunguru
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Csernus
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gulyás
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Knop
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Z Lendvai
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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17
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Caligaris M, De Virgilio C. Proxies introduce bias in decoding TORC1 activity. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001170. [PMID: 38605723 PMCID: PMC11007552 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic TORC1 kinase integrates and links nutritional, energy, and hormonal signals to cell growth and homeostasis, and its deregulation is associated with human diseases including neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Quantification of TORC1 activities in various genetic settings and defined physiological conditions generally relies on the assessment of the phosphorylation level of residues in TORC1 targets. Here we show that two commonly used TORC1 effectors in yeast, namely Sch9 and Rps6, exhibit distinct phosphorylation patterns in response to rapamycin treatment or changes in nitrogen availability, indicating that the choice of TORC1 proxies introduces a bias in decoding TORC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caligaris
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claudio De Virgilio
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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18
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Rajendrasozhan S, Ahmad I, Obaidur Rab S, Alshahrani MY, Abdullah Almuqri E, Ahmad Siddiqui J, Mushtaque M. In-silico investigation of RPS6KB1 associated cancer inhibitor: a drug repurposing study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2304679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Abdullah Almuqri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Md Mushtaque
- Department of Chemistry, Millat College (A constituent college of Lalit Narayan Mithila University), Darbhanga, Bihar, India
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Bai J, Zuo Z, DuanMu H, Li M, Tong H, Mei Y, Xiao Y, He K, Jiang M, Wang S, Li F. Endosymbiont Tremblaya phenacola influences the reproduction of cotton mealybugs by regulating the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae052. [PMID: 38519099 PMCID: PMC11014885 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The intricate evolutionary dynamics of endosymbiotic relationships result in unique characteristics among the genomes of symbionts, which profoundly influence host insect phenotypes. Here, we investigated an endosymbiotic system in Phenacoccus solenopsis, a notorious pest of the subfamily Phenacoccinae. The endosymbiont, "Candidatus Tremblaya phenacola" (T. phenacola PSOL), persisted throughout the complete life cycle of female hosts and was more active during oviposition, whereas there was a significant decline in abundance after pupation in males. Genome sequencing yielded an endosymbiont genome of 221.1 kb in size, comprising seven contigs and originating from a chimeric arrangement between betaproteobacteria and gammaproteobacteria. A comprehensive analysis of amino acid metabolic pathways demonstrated complementarity between the host and endosymbiont metabolism. Elimination of T. phenacola PSOL through antibiotic treatment significantly decreased P. solenopsis fecundity. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis demonstrated a correlation between genes associated with essential amino acid synthesis and those associated with host meiosis and oocyte maturation. Moreover, altering endosymbiont abundance activated the host mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, suggesting that changes in the amino acid abundance affected the host reproductive capabilities via this signal pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a mechanism by which the endosymbiont T. phenacola PSOL contributed to high fecundity in P. solenopsis and provide new insights into nutritional compensation and coevolution of the endosymbiotic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangqi Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haonan DuanMu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haojie Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kang He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Technical Centre for Animal, Plant & Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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20
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Urakami S, Koma YI, Tsukamoto S, Azumi Y, Miyako S, Kitamura Y, Kodama T, Nishio M, Shigeoka M, Abe H, Usami Y, Kodama Y, Yokozaki H. Biological and clinical significance of the YKL-40/osteopontin-integrin β4-p70S6K axis induced by macrophages in early oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2023; 261:55-70. [PMID: 37436683 DOI: 10.1002/path.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
M2 macrophages contribute to the progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, the roles of M2 macrophages in early ESCC remain unclear. To clarify the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between M2 macrophages and oesophageal epithelial cells in early-stage ESCC, in vitro co-culture assays between the immortalised oesophageal epithelial cell line Het-1A and cytokine-defined M2 macrophages were established. Co-culture with M2 macrophages promoted the proliferation and migration of Het-1A cells via the mTOR-p70S6K signalling pathway activated by YKL-40, also known as chitinase 3-like 1, and osteopontin (OPN) that were hypersecreted in the co-culture supernatants. YKL-40 and OPN promoted the above phenotypes of Het-1A by making a complex with integrin β4 (β4). Furthermore, YKL-40 and OPN promoted M2 polarisation, proliferation, and migration of macrophages. To validate the pathological and clinical significances of in vitro experimental results, immunohistochemistry of human early ESCC tissues obtained by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed, confirming the activation of the YKL-40/OPN-β4-p70S6K axis in the tumour area. Moreover, epithelial expression of β4 and the number of epithelial and stromal infiltrating YKL-40- and OPN-positive cells correlated with the Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs), a well-known predictor of the incidence of metachronous ESCC. Furthermore, the combination of high expression of β4 and LVLs or high numbers of epithelial and stromal infiltrating YKL-40- and OPN-positive immune cells could more clearly detect the incidence of metachronous ESCC than each of the parameters alone. Our results demonstrated that the YKL-40/OPN-β4-p70S6K axis played important roles in early-stage ESCC, and the high expression levels of β4 and high numbers of infiltrating YKL-40- and OPN-positive immune cells could be useful predictive parameters for the incidence of metachronous ESCC after ESD. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Urakami
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsukamoto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Azumi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shoji Miyako
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu Kitamura
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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21
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Smolen KA, Papke CM, Swingle MR, Musiyenko A, Li C, Salter EA, Camp AD, Honkanen RE, Kettenbach AN. Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics of PP2A-PPP2R5D variants reveal deregulation of RPS6 phosphorylation via converging signaling cascades. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105154. [PMID: 37572851 PMCID: PMC10485637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic germline variants of PPP2R5D (encoding: phosphoprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory protein 5D) result in PPP2R5D-related disorder (Jordan's Syndrome), which is characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, seizures, macrocephaly, autism spectrum disorder, and delayed motor skill development. The disorder originates from de novo single nucleotide mutations, generating missense variants that act in a dominant manner. Pathogenic mutations altering 13 different amino acids have been identified, with the E198K variant accounting for ∼40% of reported cases. However, the generation of a heterozygous E198K variant cell line to study the molecular effects of the pathogenic mutation has been challenging. Here, we use CRISPR-PRIME genomic editing to introduce a transition (c.592G>A) in a single PPP2R5D allele in HEK293 cells, generating E198K-heterozygous lines to complement existing E420K variant lines. We generate global protein and phosphorylation profiles of WT, E198K, and E420K cell lines and find unique and shared changes between variants and WT cells in kinase- and phosphatase-controlled signaling cascades. We observed ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) hyperphosphorylation as a shared signaling alteration, indicative of increased ribosomal protein S6-kinase activity. Treatment with rapamycin or an RPS6-kinase inhibitor (LY2584702) suppressed RPS6 phosphorylation in both, suggesting upstream activation of mTORC1/p70S6K. Intriguingly, our data suggests ERK-dependent activation of mTORC1 in both E198K and E420K variant cells, with additional AKT-mediated mTORC1 activation in the E420K variant. Thus, although upstream activation of mTORC1 differs between PPP2R5D-related disorder genotypes, inhibition of mTORC1 or RPS6 kinases warrants further investigation as potential therapeutic strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali A Smolen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Cinta M Papke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mark R Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Alla Musiyenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - E Alan Salter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashley D Camp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
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22
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Gutiérrez-Santiago F, Navarro F. Transcription by the Three RNA Polymerases under the Control of the TOR Signaling Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040642. [PMID: 37189389 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes are the basis for protein production, whose biogenesis is essential for cells to drive growth and proliferation. Ribosome biogenesis is highly regulated in accordance with cellular energy status and stress signals. In eukaryotic cells, response to stress signals and the production of newly-synthesized ribosomes require elements to be transcribed by the three RNA polymerases (RNA pols). Thus, cells need the tight coordination of RNA pols to adjust adequate components production for ribosome biogenesis which depends on environmental cues. This complex coordination probably occurs through a signaling pathway that links nutrient availability with transcription. Several pieces of evidence strongly support that the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway, conserved among eukaryotes, influences the transcription of RNA pols through different mechanisms to ensure proper ribosome components production. This review summarizes the connection between TOR and regulatory elements for the transcription of each RNA pol in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It also focuses on how TOR regulates transcription depending on external cues. Finally, it discusses the simultaneous coordination of the three RNA pols through common factors regulated by TOR and summarizes the most important similarities and differences between S. cerevisiae and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gutiérrez-Santiago
- Departamento de Biología Experimental-Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas, s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Experimental-Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas, s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Aceite de Oliva y Olivar, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas, s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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23
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Yang J, Guan D, Wei J, Ge H, Cao X, Lv S, Zhou X, Zheng Y, Meng X, Wang J, Qian K. Mechanisms underlying the effects of low concentrations of chlorantraniliprole on development and reproduction of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105362. [PMID: 36963952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that sublethal dose of insecticides induces life history trait changes of both target and non-target insect species, however, the underlying mechanisms remain not well understood. In this study, the effects of low concentrations of the anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole on the development and reproduction of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, were evaluated, and the underlying mechanisms were explored. The results showed that exposure of FAW to LC10 and LC30 chlorantraniliprole prolonged the larvae duration, decreased the mean weight of the larvae and pupae, and lowered the pupation rate as well as emergence rate. The fecundity of female adults was also negatively affected by treatment with low concentrations of chlorantraniliprole. Consistently, we found that exposure of FAW to LC30 chlorantraniliprole downregulated the mRNA expression of juvenile hormone (JH) esterase (SfJHE), leading to the increase of JH titer in larvae. We also found that treatment with low concentrations of chlorantraniliprole suppressed the expression of ribosomal protein S6 kinase1 (SfS6K1) in female adults, resulting in the downregulation of the gene encoding vitellogenin (SfVg). These results provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of low concentrations of insecticides on insect pests, and had applied implications for the control of FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daojie Guan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoli Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Susu Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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KA S, CM P, Swingle MR, A M, C L, AD C, RE H, AN K. Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics of PPP2R5D variants reveal deregulation of RPS6 phosphorylation through converging signaling cascades. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534397. [PMID: 37034727 PMCID: PMC10081281 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the phosphoprotein phosphatase-2 regulatory protein-5D gene ( PPP2R5D ) cause the clinical phenotype of Jordan's Syndrome (PPP2R5D-related disorder), which includes intellectual disability, hypotonia, seizures, macrocephaly, autism spectrum disorder and delayed motor skill development. The disorder originates from de novo single nucleotide mutations, generating missense variants that act in a dominant manner. Pathogenic mutations altering 13 different amino acids have been identified, with the E198K variant accounting for ∼40% of reported cases. Here, we use CRISPR-PRIME genomic editing to introduce a transition (c.592G>A) in the PPP2R5D allele in a heterozygous manner in HEK293 cells, generating E198K-heterozygous lines to complement existing E420K variant lines. We generate global protein and phosphorylation profiles of wild-type, E198K, and E420K cell lines and find unique and shared changes between variants and wild-type cells in kinase- and phosphatase-controlled signaling cascades. As shared signaling alterations, we observed ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) hyperphosphorylation, indicative of increased ribosomal protein S6-kinase activity. Rapamycin treatment suppressed RPS6 phosphorylation in both, suggesting activation of mTORC1. Intriguingly, our data suggest AKT-dependent (E420K) and -independent (E198K) activation of mTORC1. Thus, although upstream activation of mTORC1 differs between PPP2R5D-related disorder genotypes, treatment with rapamycin or a p70S6K inhibitor warrants further investigation as potential therapeutic strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smolen KA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Papke CM
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - MR Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Musiyenko A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Li C
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Camp AD
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Honkanen RE
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Kettenbach AN
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Zhang H, Zhang HR, Zhang J, Hu ML, Ren L, Luo QQ, Qi HZ. Discovery of novel S6K1 inhibitors by an ensemble-based virtual screening method and molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2023; 29:102. [PMID: 36933164 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) is considered a potential target for the treatment of various diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cancer. Development of novel S6K1 inhibitors is an urgent and important task for the medicinal chemists. In this research, an effective ensemble-based virtual screening method, including common feature pharmacophore model, 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model, naïve Bayes classifier model, and molecular docking, was applied to discover potential S6K1 inhibitors from BioDiversity database with 29,158 compounds. Finally, 7 hits displayed considerable properties and considered as potential inhibitors against S6K1. Further, carefully analyzing the interactions between these 7 hits and key residues in the S6K1 active site, and comparing them with the reference compound PF-4708671, it was found that 2 hits exhibited better binding patterns. In order to further investigate the mechanism of the interactions between 2 hits and S6K1 at simulated physiological conditions, the molecular dynamics simulation was performed. The ΔGbind energies for S6K1-Hit1 and S6K1-Hit2 were - 111.47 ± 1.29 and - 54.29 ± 1.19 kJ mol-1, respectively. Furthermore, deep analysis of these results revealed that Hit1 was the most stable complex, which can stably bind to S6K1 active site, interact with all of the key residues, and induce H1, H2, and M-loop regions changes. Therefore, the identified Hit1 may be a promising lead compound for developing new S6K1 inhibitor for various metabolic diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Rui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhao Qi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
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Fu Z, Ding C, Gong W, Lu C. ncRNAs mediated RPS6KA2 inhibits ovarian cancer proliferation via p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1028301. [PMID: 36741009 PMCID: PMC9893488 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1028301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecology malignancy in the world, therefore, research on the molecular biological mechanism of ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and progression has received widespread attention. Methods We identified RPS6KA2 as the prognosis-related gene of ovarian cancer from TCGA, GSE26712 and GSE26193 database via bioinformatic analysis. qRT-PCR and western blot detected the differential expression of RPS6KA2 in normal ovaries and ovarian cancer tissues. The biological functions of RPS6KA2 were verified by in vitro and in vivo. GSEA analysis was used to select candidate signaling pathway of RPS6KA2 which was further verified by western blot. The possible binding sites of RPS6KA2 with miRNAs and circRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and then a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was constructed. Results We found the expression of RPS6KA2 was down-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues. Overexpression of RPS6KA2 could suppress cell proliferation, whereas knockdown of RPS6KA2 had the opposite effects on proliferation. GSEA analysis showed that the MARK signaling pathway was closely associated with RPS6KA2. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that RPS6KA2 was regulated with miR-19a-3p, miR-106a-5p and miR-519d-3p. Further analysis showed that circFAM169A was the common ceRNA of miR-19a-3p, miR-106a-5p and miR-519d-3p. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed the relationship of circFAM169A and miR-106a-5p and miR-519d-3p. After network analysis, one circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis (circFAM169A/miR-106a-5p, miR-519d-3p/RPS6KA2) was identified. Conclusions We demonstrated that circFAM169A/miR-106a-5p, miR-519d-3p mediated low expression of RPS6KA2 could affect the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells via p38/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Fu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Ding
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangang Gong
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Chao Lu,
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27
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Li Z, Rong YL, Zhang YS. MiR-33-5p alleviates spinal cord injury in rats and protects PC12 cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:52-60. [PMID: 36354186 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert critical effects in spinal cord injury (SCI). The miR-33-5p level is found to be lower in rats with SCI compared with that in control (untreated) and sham-operated (laminectomy but no contusion) rats. Therefore, we investigated the biological functions of miR-33-5p and related mechanisms in SCI pathogenesis and development. An in vivo SCI model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell model of SCI were established. A downregulated level of miR-33-5p in experimental SCI and in LPS-treated PC12 cells was revealed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). MiR-33-5p upregulation alleviated the leakage of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) induced by SCI and improved the neurological functions of SCI rats, as evidenced by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores and Evans blue staining. The regulatory relationship between miR-33-5p and Rps6kb1 was verified by luciferase reporter assays, which demonstrated that miR-33-5p bound to the Rps6kb1 3'UTR. Moreover, as MTT assays and flow cytometry showed, the suppressive effects of miR-33-5p upregulation on cell apoptosis were attenuated by Rps6kb1 upregulation. In conclusion, miR-33-5p ameliorates SCI in rats and inhibits the LPS-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Second Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan-Long Rong
- Department of Orthopedic, TieMei General Hospital of Liaoning Province Health Industrial Group, Tieling, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan-Shi Zhang
- Department of Second Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Amar-Schwartz A, Ben Hur V, Jbara A, Cohen Y, Barnabas GD, Arbib E, Siegfried Z, Mashahreh B, Hassouna F, Shilo A, Abu-Odeh M, Berger M, Wiener R, Aqeilan R, Geiger T, Karni R. S6K1 phosphorylates Cdk1 and MSH6 to regulate DNA repair. eLife 2022; 11:79128. [PMID: 36189922 PMCID: PMC9529248 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTORC1 substrate, S6 Kinase 1 (S6K1), is involved in the regulation of cell growth, ribosome biogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and adipogenesis. Accumulating evidence has suggested a role for mTORC1 signaling in the DNA damage response. This is mostly based on the findings that mTORC1 inhibitors sensitized cells to DNA damage. However, a direct role of the mTORC1-S6K1 signaling pathway in DNA repair and the mechanism by which this signaling pathway regulates DNA repair is unknown. In this study, we discovered a novel role for S6K1 in regulating DNA repair through the coordinated regulation of the cell cycle, homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair (HRR) and mismatch DNA repair (MMR) mechanisms. Here, we show that S6K1 orchestrates DNA repair by phosphorylation of Cdk1 at serine 39, causing G2/M cell cycle arrest enabling homologous recombination and by phosphorylation of MSH6 at serine 309, enhancing MMR. Moreover, breast cancer cells harboring RPS6KB1 gene amplification show increased resistance to several DNA damaging agents and S6K1 expression is associated with poor survival of breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Our findings reveal an unexpected function of S6K1 in the DNA repair pathway, serving as a tumorigenic barrier by safeguarding genomic stability. Damage to the DNA in our cells can cause harmful changes that, if unchecked, can lead to the development of cancer. To help prevent this, cellular mechanisms are in place to repair defects in the DNA. A particular process, known as the mTORC1-S6K1 pathway is suspected to be important for repair because when this pathway is blocked, cells become more sensitive to DNA damage. It is still unknown how the various proteins involved in the mTORC1-S6K1 pathway contribute to repairing DNA. One of these proteins, S6K1, is an enzyme involved in coordinating cell growth and survival. The tumor cells in some forms of breast cancer produce more of this protein than normal, suggesting that S6K1 benefits these cells’ survival. However, it is unclear exactly how the enzyme does this. Amar-Schwartz, Ben-Hur, Jbara et al. studied the role of S6K1 using genetically manipulated mouse cells and human cancer cells. These experiments showed that the protein interacts with two other proteins involved in DNA repair and activates them, regulating two different repair mechanisms and protecting cells against damage. These results might explain why some breast cancer tumors are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments, which aim to kill tumor cells by damaging their DNA. If this is the case, these findings could help clinicians choose more effective treatment options for people with cancers that produce additional S6K1. In the future, drugs that block the activity of the enzyme could make cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Amar-Schwartz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vered Ben Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amina Jbara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Georgina D Barnabas
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eliran Arbib
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zahava Siegfried
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bayan Mashahreh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fouad Hassouna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Shilo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mohammad Abu-Odeh
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Berger
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reuven Wiener
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami Aqeilan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Karni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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29
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Frendo-Cumbo S, Li T, Ammendolia DA, Coyaud E, Laurent EM, Liu Y, Bilan PJ, Polevoy G, Raught B, Brill JA, Klip A, Brumell JH. DCAF7 regulates cell proliferation through IRS1-FOXO1 signaling. iScience 2022; 25:105188. [PMID: 36248734 PMCID: PMC9556925 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation is dependent on growth factors insulin and IGF1. We sought to identify interactors of IRS1, the most proximal mediator of insulin/IGF1 signaling, that regulate cell proliferation. Using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID), we detected 40 proteins displaying proximal interactions with IRS1, including DCAF7 and its interacting partners DYRK1A and DYRK1B. In HepG2 cells, DCAF7 knockdown attenuated cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at G2. DCAF7 expression was required for insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation, and its absence promoted nuclear localization of the transcription factor FOXO1. DCAF7 knockdown induced expression of FOXO1-target genes implicated in G2 cell cycle inhibition, correlating with G2 cell cycle arrest. In Drosophila melanogaster, wing-specific knockdown of DCAF7/wap caused smaller wing size and lower wing cell number; the latter recovered upon double knockdown of wap and dfoxo. We propose that DCAF7 regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle via IRS1-FOXO1 signaling, of relevance to whole organism growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Taoyingnan Li
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Dustin A. Ammendolia
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Estelle M.N. Laurent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Yuan Liu
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Philip J. Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Gordon Polevoy
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Julie A. Brill
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John H. Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada,Corresponding author
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30
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Sridhar J, Komati R, Kumar S. Targeting RPS6K1 for Refractory Breast Cancer Therapy. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-rps6k1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Beyond controlling cell size: functional analyses of S6K in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:646. [PMID: 35879299 PMCID: PMC9314331 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a substrate and major effector of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the biological functions of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) have been canonically assigned for cell size control by facilitating mRNA transcription, splicing, and protein synthesis. However, accumulating evidence implies that diverse stimuli and upstream regulators modulate S6K kinase activity, leading to the activation of a plethora of downstream substrates for distinct pathobiological functions. Beyond controlling cell size, S6K simultaneously plays crucial roles in directing cell apoptosis, metabolism, and feedback regulation of its upstream signals. Thus, we comprehensively summarize the emerging upstream regulators, downstream substrates, mouse models, clinical relevance, and candidate inhibitors for S6K and shed light on S6K as a potential therapeutic target for cancers.
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32
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Jiang H, Zhang N, Ge H, Wei J, Xu X, Meng X, Qian K, Zheng Y, Wang J. S6K1 acts through FOXO to regulate juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 140:104405. [PMID: 35679992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the downstream effector of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) signaling pathway, the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) is an important regulator of insect reproduction, however, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. In this study, a S6K gene, named TcS6K1, was isolated from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Analysis of temporal and spatial expression patterns revealed that TcS6K1 is expressed at the highest level in the one-day-old first instar larvae and head of 7-day-old females, respectively. RNAi-mediated knockdown of TcS6K1 in either female or male adults decreased the number of eggs laid, with a concomitant reduction of mRNA levelsof vitellogenin genes, TcVg1 and TcVg2, two male accessory gland secretory proteins, as well as the juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis-related gene, farnesol dehydrogenase (TcFDH). While the mRNA and protein levels of the transcription factor forkhead box O (TcFOXO) were not affected, suppression of TcS6K1 expression promoted TcFOXO nuclear translocation to exert its transcriptional action. Further RNAi and EMSA analysis revealed that TcFOXO negatively regulated the expression of TcFDH. These results indicate that S6K might regulate beetles' reproduction through FOXO/JH signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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33
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Shimoyama M, Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Hosaka K. 6-(Methylsulfinyl) Hexyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits IL-6 and CXCL10 Production in TNF-α-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2915-2922. [PMID: 35877425 PMCID: PMC9318978 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
6-(Methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) is a bioactive substance found in wasabi (Wasabia japonica) and has been reported to have some bioactive effects including anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, there are no reports on its effects on periodontal resident cells, and many points remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether 6-MSITC exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human oral epithelial cells, including effects on signal transduction pathway activation. 6-MSITC inhibited interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) production in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells, which are a human oral epithelial cell line. Moreover, we found that 6-MSITC could suppress signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K)-S6 ribosomal protein (S6) pathways activation in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells. Furthermore, STAT3 and NF-κB inhibitors could suppress IL-6 and CXCL10 production in TNF-α-treated TR146 cells. In summary, 6-MSITC could decrease IL-6 and CXCL10 production in human oral epithelial cell by inhibiting STAT3 and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shimoyama
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-886-33-7340
| | - Ikuko Hosokawa
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan;
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.); (K.H.)
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34
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Wang Z, Wu J, Jiang J, Ma Q, Song M, Xu T, Liu Y, Chen Z, Bao Y, Huang M, Zhang M, Ji N. KIF2A decreases IL-33 production and attenuates allergic asthmatic inflammation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 18:55. [PMID: 35718777 PMCID: PMC9208156 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The microtubule-dependent molecular motor protein Kinesin Family Member 2A (KIF2A) is down-regulated in asthmatic human airway epithelium. However, little is known about the roles of KIF2A as well as the possible underlying mechanisms in asthma. Methods House dust mite (HDM) extract was administered to establish a murine model of asthma. The expression of KIF2A, IL-33 and the autophagy pathways were detected. The plasmid pCMV-KIF2A was used to overexpress KIF2A in the airway epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. IL-4, IL-5, IL-33 and other cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues homogenates were measured. Results In response to the challenge of house dust mite (HDM) in vitro and in vivo, airway epithelial cells displayed decreased production of KIF2A. Meanwhile, autophagy and IL-33 were increased in HMD-treated epithelial cells. Mechanistically, KIF2A decreased autophagy via suppressing mTORC1 pathway in HDM-treated epithelial cells, which contributed to the reduced production of IL-33. Moreover, in vivo KIF2A transfection reduced IL-33 and autophagy in the lung, leading to the attenuation of allergic asthma. Conclusion KIF2A suppressed mTORC1-mediated autophagy and decreased the production of epithelial-derived cytokine IL-33 in allergic airway inflammation. These data indicate that KIF2A may be a novel target in allergic asthma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13223-022-00697-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijuan Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanmin Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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35
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Huang B, Hao M, Li C, Luo KQ. Acetyltanshinone IIA reduces the synthesis of cell cycle-related proteins by degrading p70S6K and subsequently inhibits drug-resistant lung cancer cell growth. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106209. [PMID: 35398238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have improved the outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, due to genetic mutations of EGFR or activation of other oncogenic pathways, cancer cells can develop resistance to TKIs, resulting in usually temporary and reversible therapeutic effects. Therefore, new anticancer agents are urgently needed to treat drug-resistant NSCLC. In this study, we found that acetyltanshinone IIA (ATA) displayed much stronger potency than erlotinib in inhibiting the growth of drug-resistant NSCLC cells and their-derived xenograft tumors. Our analyses revealed that ATA achieved this effect by the following mechanisms. First, ATA could bind p70S6K at its ATP-binding pocket to prevent phosphorylation, and second by increasing the ubiquitination of p70S6K to cause its degradation. Since phosphorylation of S6 ribosome protein (S6RP) by p70S6K can induce protein synthesis at the ribosome, the dramatic reduction of p70S6K after ATA treatment led to great reductions of new protein synthesis on several cell cycle-related proteins including cyclin D3, aurora kinase A, polo-like kinase, cyclin B1, survivin; and reduced the levels of EGFR and MET. In addition, ATA treatment increased the levels of p53 and p21 proteins, which blocked cell cycle progression in the G1/S phase. Taken together, as ATA can effectively block multiple signaling pathways essential for protein synthesis and cell proliferation, ATA can potentially be developed into a multi-target anti-cancer agent to treat TKI-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Meng Hao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
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Lee H, Hwang YJ, Park JH, Cho DH. Valproic acid decreases vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via protein phosphatase 2A-mediated p70 S6 kinase inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:94-99. [PMID: 35339758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) has been used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Although the abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a well-established contributor to the development of various vascular diseases including atherosclerosis, the effect of VPA on VSMC proliferation and its mechanism of action have not been fully revealed. Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which VPA inhibits rat VSMC proliferation. VPA dose-dependently decreased VSMC proliferation, which was accompanied by the dose-dependent decrease in phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) at Thr389 (p-p70S6K-Thr389), and overexpression of the p70S6K-T389E mutant gene significantly reversed VPA-inhibited VSMC proliferation. Co-treatment with okadaic acid, a specific protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor, significantly restored p-p70S6K-Thr389. Furthermore, knockdown of PP2Ac gene expression by siRNA significantly reversed VPA-inhibited p-p70S6K-Thr389 and VSMC proliferation. Confocal microscopic analyses and co-immunoprecipitation results clearly showed that the physical binding of p70S6K and PP2Ac was promoted by VPA. Valpromide, a VPA's structural derivative with no histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition activity, as well as VPA and sodium butyrate, an HDAC inhibitor similar to VPA, decreased VSMC proliferation and p-p70S6K-Thr389, indicating that HDAC is not involved in VPA-inhibited VSMC proliferation. Finally, the inhibitory effects of VPA on p-p70S6K-Thr389 and VSMC proliferation were reiterated in a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced in vitro atherosclerosis model. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that VPA decreased cell proliferation via PP2A-mediated inhibition of p-p70S6K-Thr389 in basal and PDGF-stimulated VSMCs. The results suggest that VPA could be used in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42415, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42415, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- AbT R&D Center, Azothbio Inc., 520 Misa-daero, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 12925, South Korea
| | - Du-Hyong Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42415, South Korea.
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37
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Benardais K, Ornelas IM, Fauveau M, Brown TL, Finseth LT, Panic R, Deboux C, Macklin WB, Wood TL, Nait Oumesmar B. p70S6 kinase regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and is active in remyelinating lesions. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac025. [PMID: 35224490 PMCID: PMC8864467 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The p70 ribosomal S6 kinases (p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) are downstream targets of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling pathway. p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 specifically has demonstrated functions in regulating cell size in Drosophila and in insulin-sensitive cell populations in mammals. Prior studies demonstrated that the mechanistic target of the rapamycin pathway promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and developmental myelination; however, how the immediate downstream targets of mechanistic target of rapamycin regulate these processes has not been elucidated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation during developmental myelination and remyelination processes in the CNS. We demonstrate that p70 ribosomal S6 kinase activity peaks in oligodendrocyte lineage cells at the time when they transition to myelinating oligodendrocytes during developmental myelination in the mouse spinal cord. We further show p70 ribosomal S6 kinase activity in differentiating oligodendrocytes in acute demyelinating lesions induced by lysophosphatidylcholine injection or by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. In demyelinated lesions, the expression of the p70 ribosomal S6 kinase target, phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein, was transient and highest in maturing oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, we also identified p70 ribosomal S6 kinase activity in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in active multiple sclerosis lesions. Consistent with its predicted function in promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation, we demonstrate that specifically inhibiting p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 in cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells significantly impairs cell lineage progression and expression of myelin basic protein. Finally, we used zebrafish to show in vivo that inhibiting p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 function in oligodendroglial cells reduces their differentiation and the number of myelin internodes produced. These data reveal an essential function of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 in promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation during development and remyelination across multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karelle Benardais
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isis M. Ornelas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA 07101
| | - Melissa Fauveau
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Tanya L. Brown
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Lisbet T. Finseth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Radmila Panic
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Deboux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Wendy B. Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Teresa L. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA 07101
| | - Brahim Nait Oumesmar
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA 07101
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38
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Clerk A, Meijles DN, Hardyman MA, Fuller SJ, Chothani SP, Cull JJ, Cooper ST, Alharbi HO, Vanezis K, Felkin LE, Markou T, Leonard SJ, Shaw SW, Rackham OJ, Cook SA, Glennon PE, Sheppard MN, Sembrat JC, Rojas M, McTiernan CF, Barton PJ, Sugden PH. Cardiomyocyte BRAF and type 1 RAF inhibitors promote cardiomyocyte and cardiac hypertrophy in mice in vivo. Biochem J 2022; 479:401-424. [PMID: 35147166 PMCID: PMC8883496 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and is cardioprotective, with the three RAF kinases forming a node for signal integration. Our aims were to determine if BRAF is relevant for human heart failure, whether BRAF promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and if Type 1 RAF inhibitors developed for cancer (that paradoxically activate ERK1/2 at low concentrations: the 'RAF paradox') may have the same effect. BRAF was up-regulated in heart samples from patients with heart failure compared with normal controls. We assessed the effects of activated BRAF in the heart using mice with tamoxifen-activated Cre for cardiomyocyte-specific knock-in of the activating V600E mutation into the endogenous gene. We used echocardiography to measure cardiac dimensions/function. Cardiomyocyte BRAFV600E induced cardiac hypertrophy within 10 d, resulting in increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening over 6 weeks. This was associated with increased cardiomyocyte size without significant fibrosis, consistent with compensated hypertrophy. The experimental Type 1 RAF inhibitor, SB590885, and/or encorafenib (a RAF inhibitor used clinically) increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes, and promoted hypertrophy, consistent with a 'RAF paradox' effect. Both promoted cardiac hypertrophy in mouse hearts in vivo, with increased cardiomyocyte size and no overt fibrosis. In conclusion, BRAF potentially plays an important role in human failing hearts, activation of BRAF is sufficient to induce hypertrophy, and Type 1 RAF inhibitors promote hypertrophy via the 'RAF paradox'. Cardiac hypertrophy resulting from these interventions was not associated with pathological features, suggesting that Type 1 RAF inhibitors may be useful to boost cardiomyocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Clerk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Daniel N. Meijles
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, U.K
| | | | | | - Sonia P. Chothani
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Joshua J. Cull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Susanna T.E. Cooper
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, London, U.K
| | - Hajed O. Alharbi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Konstantinos Vanezis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Leanne E. Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, U.K
| | - Thomais Markou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | | | - Spencer W. Shaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Owen J.L. Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Stuart A. Cook
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Peter E. Glennon
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University Hospital Cardiology Department, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, U.K
| | - Mary N. Sheppard
- CRY Cardiovascular Pathology Department, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, U.K
| | - John C. Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and Dorothy P & Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, U.S.A
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and Dorothy P & Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, U.S.A
| | - Charles F. McTiernan
- Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, U.S.A
| | - Paul J. Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, U.K
| | - Peter H. Sugden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
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39
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Ma L, Zhang D, Huang Z, Zheng R, Du M, Lv Q, Qin C, Chu H, Yuan L, Zhang Z. Functional variants of RPS6KB1 and PIK3R1 in the autophagy pathway genes and risk of bladder cancer. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:367-375. [PMID: 34668023 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in cancer, since it can either suppress tumorigenesis by inhibiting cancer cell survival, or facilitate tumorigenesis by promoting cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, the role of genetic variants of autophagy-regulated key genes for bladder cancer risk remained unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the association of bladder cancer with genetic variants on genes involved in autophagy pathway. Gene-based analysis was performed with multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA) in 580 bladder cancer cases and 1101 controls. The logistic regression model was used to calculate the SNP effects on bladder cancer susceptibility. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was conducted by the genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) project. Gene expression was evaluated based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Three potentially functional SNPs RPS6KB1 rs1292038, PIK3R1 rs34303, and rs56352616 were demonstrated to be associated with risk of bladder cancer (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.61-0.82, P = 7.88 × 10-6 for rs1292038; OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.09-1.45, P = 2.11 × 10-3 for rs34303; OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.62-0.90, P = 2.47 × 10-3 for rs56352616). An increasing number of risk genotypes of these three SNPs were associated with a higher risk of developing bladder cancer. Besides, rs1292038 exhibited an eQTL effect for RPS6KB1 in whole blood (P = 3.90 × 10-7). Furthermore, the higher expression of RPS6KB1 and lower expression of PIK3R1 were both significantly associated with bladder cancer risk. Our findings indicated that genetic variants in autophagy pathway genes RPS6KB1 and PIK3R1 confer bladder cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengkai Huang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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40
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Xiao Y, Huck BR, Lan R, DeSelm L, Chen X, Qiu H, Neagu C, Johnson T, Mochalkin I, Gardberg A, Jiang X, Tian H, Dutt V, Santos D, Head J, Jackson J, Syed S, Lin J, Wilker E, Ma J, Clark A, Machl A, Bankston D, Jones CCV, Goutopoulos A, Sherer B. Discovery of 4-aminopyrimidine analogs as highly potent dual P70S6K/Akt inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 50:128352. [PMID: 34481987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR kinase pathway is associated with human cancers. A dual p70S6K/Akt inhibitor is sufficient to inhibit strong tumor growth and to block negative impact of the compensatory Akt feedback loop activation. A scaffold docking strategy based on an existing quinazoline carboxamide series identified 4-aminopyrimidine analog 6, which showed a single-digit nanomolar and a micromolar potencies in p70S6K and Akt enzymatic assays. SAR optimization improved Akt enzymatic and p70S6K cellular potencies, reduced hERG liability, and ultimately discovered the promising candidate 37, which exhibited with a single digit nanomolar value in both p70S6K and Akt biochemical assays, and hERG activities (IC50 = 17.4 μM). This agent demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy in inhibiting mice breast cancer tumor growth and covered more than 90% pS6 inhibition up to 24 h at a dose of 200 mg/kg po.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Xiao
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
| | - Bayard R Huck
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
| | - Ruoxi Lan
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Lizbeth DeSelm
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Hui Qiu
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Constantin Neagu
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Theresa Johnson
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Igor Mochalkin
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Anna Gardberg
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Xuliang Jiang
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Hui Tian
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Vikram Dutt
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Dusica Santos
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Jared Head
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Jennifer Jackson
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Sakeena Syed
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Jing Lin
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Erik Wilker
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Jianguo Ma
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Anderson Clark
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Andreas Machl
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Donald Bankston
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Christopher C V Jones
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Andreas Goutopoulos
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Brian Sherer
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
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41
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Gerstenecker S, Haarer L, Schröder M, Kudolo M, Schwalm MP, Wydra V, Serafim RAM, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Laufer S, Gehringer M. Discovery of a Potent and Highly Isoform-Selective Inhibitor of the Neglected Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase Beta 2 (S6K2). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205133. [PMID: 34680283 PMCID: PMC8534050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The two human p70 ribosomal S6 kinases, S6K1 and S6K2, have been associated with a variety of cellular processes and human pathologies, especially cancer. Thus far, only S6K1 was thoroughly studied and selectively addressed by small molecule inhibitors. Despite growing evidence suggesting S6K2 as a promising anticancer target, this isoform has been severely neglected, which can partly be attributed to the lack of isoform-selective inhibitors to study its function. By exploiting a cysteine residue exclusive to S6K2, we were able to generate the first known isoform-selective S6K2 inhibitor. Besides its excellent selectivity against S6K1 and other human kinases, the compound showed weak intrinsic reactivity and promising in vitro metabolic stability. Our proof-of-concept study provides a basis for the development of high quality S6K2 chemical probes to validate this kinase as a target for therapeutic interventions. Abstract The ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta 2 (S6K2) is thought to play an important role in malignant cell proliferation, but is understudied compared to its closely related homolog S6 kinase beta 1 (S6K1). To better understand the biological function of S6K2, chemical probes are needed, but the high similarity between S6K2 and S6K1 makes it challenging to selectively address S6K2 with small molecules. We were able to design the first potent and highly isoform-specific S6K2 inhibitor from a known S6K1-selective inhibitor, which was merged with a covalent inhibitor engaging a cysteine located in the hinge region in the fibroblast growth factor receptor kinase (FGFR) 4 via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction. The title compound shows a high selectivity over kinases with an equivalently positioned cysteine, as well as in a larger kinase panel. A good stability towards glutathione and Nα-acetyl lysine indicates a non-promiscuous reactivity pattern. Thus, the title compound represents an important step towards a high-quality chemical probe to study S6K2-specific signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gerstenecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.G.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (V.W.); (R.A.M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Lisa Haarer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.G.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (V.W.); (R.A.M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Martin Schröder
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (M.S.); (M.P.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.G.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (V.W.); (R.A.M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Martin P. Schwalm
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (M.S.); (M.P.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valentin Wydra
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.G.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (V.W.); (R.A.M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Ricardo A. M. Serafim
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.G.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (V.W.); (R.A.M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (M.S.); (M.P.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (M.S.); (M.P.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.G.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (V.W.); (R.A.M.S.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.G.); (L.H.); (M.K.); (V.W.); (R.A.M.S.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-29-74582
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42
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Yao Y, Wen Y, Li Y, Zhu J, Tian T, Zhang Q, Xiao D, Gao Y, Lin Y, Wei W, Cai X. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids facilitate neurorestoration of facial nerves by activating the NGF/PI3K/AKT pathway. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15598-15610. [PMID: 34529749 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The facial nerve is a crucial nerve in the maxillofacial region and is vulnerable to damage. As a consequence of the complications during nerve restoration, existing remedies have certain limitations, thus the treatment of facial nerve injury is always a perplexing task for people. Regulation of Schwann cells is always the breakpoint of neurorestoration since Schwann cells count a great deal in injured nerve repair. In this study, we presented proof that tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), a kind of nucleic acid nanomaterial, were capable of regulating the neurorestorative pathway NGF/PI3 K/AKT, resulting in the activation of a series of cell behaviors related to injured nerve restoration such as proliferation and migration. In vivo experiments also proved that tFNAs enhanced the expressions of axon and myelin marker proteins, impelled histological recovery, promoted the efficient restoration of nerve conduction and muscle movement. Additionally, tFNAs possessed excellent biocompatibility and superior endocytosis ability. Thus, there is good potential for tFNAs to be applied in the therapy of facial nerve injury or even peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Taoran Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Dexuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
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Ge Y, Chen Z, Fu Y, Xiao X, Xu H, Shan L, Tong P, Zhou L. Identification and validation of hub genes of synovial tissue for patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Hereditas 2021; 158:37. [PMID: 34583778 PMCID: PMC8480049 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-021-00201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were two major joint diseases with similar clinical phenotypes. This study aimed to determine the mechanistic similarities and differences between OA and RA by integrated analysis of multiple gene expression data sets. Methods Microarray data sets of OA and RA were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). By integrating multiple gene data sets, specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of DEGs were conducted to determine hub genes and pathways. The “Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT)” algorithm was employed to evaluate the immune infiltration cells (IICs) profiles in OA and RA. Moreover, mouse models of RA and OA were established, and selected hub genes were verified in synovial tissues with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results A total of 1116 DEGs were identified between OA and RA. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation, positive regulation of neuron differentiation, nuclear speck, RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex, protein serine/threonine kinase activity and proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, FoxO signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Immune cell infiltration analysis identified 9 IICs with significantly different distributions between OA and RA samples. qPCR results showed that the expression levels of the hub genes (RPS6, RPS14, RPS25, RPL11, RPL27, SNRPE, EEF2 and RPL19) were significantly increased in OA samples compared to their counterparts in RA samples (P < 0.05). Conclusion This large-scale gene analyses provided new insights for disease-associated genes, molecular mechanisms as well as IICs profiles in OA and RA, which may offer a new direction for distinguishing diagnosis and treatment between OA and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zuxiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Fu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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Wasson JA, Harris G, Keppler-Ross S, Brock TJ, Dar AR, Butcher RA, Fischer SEJ, Kagias K, Clardy J, Zhang Y, Mango SE. Neuronal control of maternal provisioning in response to social cues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabf8782. [PMID: 34417172 PMCID: PMC8378817 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mothers contribute cytoplasmic components to their progeny in a process called maternal provisioning. Provisioning is influenced by the parental environment, but the molecular pathways that transmit environmental cues between generations are not well understood. Here, we show that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, social cues modulate maternal provisioning to regulate gene silencing in offspring. Intergenerational signal transmission depends on a pheromone-sensing neuron and neuronal FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe)-like peptides. Parental FMRFamide-like peptide signaling dampens oxidative stress resistance and promotes the deposition of mRNAs for translational components in progeny, which, in turn, reduces gene silencing. This study identifies a previously unknown pathway for intergenerational communication that links neuronal responses to maternal provisioning. We suggest that loss of social cues in the parental environment represents an adverse environment that stimulates stress responses across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth Harris
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Abdul R Dar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca A Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sylvia E J Fischer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Kagias
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Susan E Mango
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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45
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Allosteric Modulation of GSK-3β as a New Therapeutic Approach in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy R1 Calpain 3-Related. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147367. [PMID: 34298987 PMCID: PMC8308041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R1 calpain 3-related (LGMDR1) is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy produced by mutations in the CAPN3 gene. It is a rare disease and there is no cure or treatment for the disease while the pathophysiological mechanism by which the absence of calpain 3 provokes the dystrophy in muscles is not clear. However, key proteins implicated in Wnt and mTOR signaling pathways, which regulate muscle homeostasis, showed a considerable reduction in their expression and in their phosphorylation in LGMDR1 patients' muscles. Finally, the administration of tideglusib and VP0.7, ATP non-competitive inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), restore the expression and phosphorylation of these proteins in LGMDR1 cells, opening the possibility of their use as therapeutic options.
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Drissi F, Lahfa F, Gonzalez T, Peiretti F, Tanti JF, Haddad M, Fabre N, Govers R. A Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract acutely enhances insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in adipocytes by increasing PKB phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113772. [PMID: 33418030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is a common fruit in traditional medicine and used as remedy against various diseases, especially diabetes. Up to now, its anti-diabetic effects have been fully attributed to its enhancement of pancreatic insulin secretion. Whether C. colocynthis also ameliorates insulin action in peripheral tissues has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, using 3T3-L1 adipocytes as cell model, we have investigated whether colocynth fruit extracts affect insulin action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various extracts were prepared from the C. colocynthis fruit and screened using a cell-based 96 well plate GLUT4 translocation assay. Promising extracts were further studied for their effects on glucose uptake and cell viability. The effect on insulin signal transduction was determined by Western blot and the molecular composition was established by LC-MS. RESULTS The ethyl acetate fractions of aqueous non-defatted extracts of seed and pulp, designated Sna1 and Pna1, acutely enhanced insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. In accordance, both extracts increased insulin-stimulated cellular glucose uptake. Pna1, which displayed greater effects on GLUT4 and glucose uptake than Sna1, was further investigated and was demonstrated to increase GLUT4 translocation without changing the half-maximum dose (ED50) of insulin, nor changing GLUT4 translocation kinetics. At the molecular level, Pna1 was found to enhance insulin-induced PKB phosphorylation without changing phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Pna1 appeared not to be toxic to cells and, like insulin, restored cell viability during serum starvation. By investigating the molecular composition of Pna1, nine compounds were identified that made up 87% of the mass of the extract, one of which is likely to be responsible for the insulin-enhancing effects of Pna1. CONCLUSIONS The C. colocynthis fruit possesses insulin-enhancing activity. This activity may explain in part its anti-diabetic effects in traditional medicine. It also identifies the C. colocynthis as a source of a potential novel insulin enhancer that may prove to be useful to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Drissi
- Department of Synthesis and Biological Activities, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, 119 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Farid Lahfa
- Department of Synthesis and Biological Activities, University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, 119 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- Université Côte D'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity", 06204, Nice, France.
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France.
| | - Roland Govers
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
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Tachi J, Onuma T, Yamaguchi S, Kim W, Hioki T, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Tanabe K, Tokuda H, Kozawa O, Iida H. Duloxetine suppresses BMP-4-induced release of osteoprotegerin via inhibition of the SMAD signaling pathway in osteoblasts. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:578-586. [PMID: 33646885 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duloxetine, a selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is currently recommended for the treatment of chronic painful disorders such as fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. We previously demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) stimulates osteoprotegerin (OPG) production in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that p70 S6 kinase positively regulates OPG synthesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of duloxetine on BMP-4-stimulated OPG synthesis in these cells. Duloxetine dose-dependently suppressed OPG release stimulated by BMP-4. Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), reduced BMP-4-stimulated OPG release, whereas a selective and specific norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, reboxetine, failed to affect OPG release. In addition, another SSRI sertraline also inhibited BMP-4-stimulated OPG release. On the other hand, siRNA of SMAD1 reduced the OPG release stimulated by BMP-4, indicating the involvement of the SMAD1/5/8 pathway in OPG release. Rapamycin inhibited BMP-4-stimulated p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation, and compound C suppressed the SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation stimulated by BMP-4. Duloxetine did not affect BMP-4-induced phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase but suppressed SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation. Both fluvoxamine and sertraline also inhibited BMP-4-elicited phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8. These results strongly suggest that duloxetine suppresses BMP-4-stimulated OPG release via inhibition of the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Tachi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takashi Onuma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yamaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Woo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hioki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Minokamo 505-8503, Japan
| | | | - Kumiko Tanabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory/Medical Genome Center Biobank, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Chu HS, Peterson C, Jun A, Foster J. Targeting the integrated stress response in ophthalmology. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1075-1088. [PMID: 33474991 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1867748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To summarize the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) in the context of ophthalmology, with special interest on the cornea and anterior segment. Results: The ISR is a powerful and conserved signaling pathway that allows for cells to respond to a diverse array of both intracellular and extracellular stressors. The pathway is classically responsible for coordination of the cellular response to amino acid starvation, ultraviolet light, heme dysregulation, viral infection, and unfolded protein. Under normal circumstances, it is considered pro-survival and a necessary mechanism through which protein translation is controlled. However, in cases of severe or prolonged stress the pathway can promote apoptosis, and loss of normal cellular phenotype. The activation of this pathway culminates in the global inhibition of cap-dependent protein translation and the canonical expression of the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Conclusion:The eye is uniquely exposed to ISR responsive stressors due to its environmental exposure and relative isolation from the circulatory system which are necessary for its function. We will discuss how this pathway is critical for the proper function of the tissue, its role in development, as well as how targeting of the pathway could alleviate key aspects of diverse ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Sang Chu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cornelia Peterson
- Department of Molecular & Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Foster
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Patra T, Bose SK, Kwon YC, Meyer K, Ray R. Inhibition of p70 isoforms of S6K1 induces anoikis to prevent transformed human hepatocyte growth. Life Sci 2021; 265:118764. [PMID: 33189822 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The mTOR/S6K1 signaling axis, known for cell growth regulation, is hyper-activated in multiple cancers. In this study, we have examined the mechanisms for ribosomal protein p70-S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) associated transformed human hepatocyte (THH) growth regulation. MAIN METHODS THH were treated with p70-S6K1 inhibitor and analyzed for cell viability, cell cycle distribution, specific marker protein expression by western blot, and tumor inhibition in a xenograft mouse model. We validated our results by knockdown of p70-S6K1 using specific siRNA. KEY FINDINGS p70-S6K1 inhibitor treatment caused impairment of in vitro hepatocyte growth, and arrested cell cycle progression at the G1 phase. Further, p70-S6K1 inhibitor treatment exhibited a decrease in FAK and Erk activation, followed by altered integrin-β1 expression, caspase 8, and PARP cleavage appeared to be anoikis like growth inhibition. p70-S6K1 inhibitor also depolymerized actin microfilaments and diminished active Rac1/Cdc42 complex formation for loss of cellular attachment. Similar results were obtained with other transformed human hepatocyte cell lines. p70-S6K1 inhibition also resulted in a reduced phospho-EGFR, Slug and Twist; implicating an inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state. A xenograft tumor model, generated from implanted THH in nude mice, following intraperitoneal injection of S6K1 inhibitor prevented further tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggested that p70-S6K1 inhibition alters orchestration of cell cycle progression, induces cell detachment, and sensitizes hepatocyte growth impairment. Targeting p70 isoform of S6K1 by inhibitor may prove to be a promising approach together with other therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Patra
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, MO, USA.
| | - Sandip K Bose
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, MO, USA; Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - Young-Chan Kwon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - Keith Meyer
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, MO, USA; Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, MO, USA.
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50
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Gunaseelan S, Wang Z, Tong VKJ, Ming SWS, Razar RBBA, Srimasorn S, Ong WY, Lim KL, Chua JJE. Loss of FEZ1, a gene deleted in Jacobsen syndrome, causes locomotion defects and early mortality by impairing motor neuron development. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:5-20. [PMID: 33395696 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
FEZ1-mediated axonal transport plays important roles in central nervous system development but its involvement in the peripheral nervous system is not well-characterized. FEZ1 is deleted in Jacobsen syndrome (JS), an 11q terminal deletion developmental disorder. JS patients display impaired psychomotor skills, including gross and fine motor delay, suggesting that FEZ1 deletion may be responsible for these phenotypes, given its association with the development of motor-related circuits. Supporting this hypothesis, our data show that FEZ1 is selectively expressed in the rat brain and spinal cord. Its levels progressively increase over the developmental course of human motor neurons (MN) derived from embryonic stem cells. Deletion of FEZ1 strongly impaired axon and dendrite development, and significantly delayed the transport of synaptic proteins into developing neurites. Concurring with these observations, Drosophila unc-76 mutants showed severe locomotion impairments, accompanied by a strong reduction of synaptic boutons at neuromuscular junctions. These abnormalities were ameliorated by pharmacological activation of UNC-51/ATG1, a FEZ1-activating kinase, with rapamycin and metformin. Collectively, the results highlight a role for FEZ1 in MN development and implicate its deletion as an underlying cause of motor impairments in JS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Gunaseelan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ziyin Wang
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Venetia Kok Jing Tong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvester Wong Shu Ming
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sumitra Srimasorn
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Jia En Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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