|
1
|
Larsen FB, Lasgaard M, Willert MV, Sørensen JB. Perceived stress across population segments characterized by differing stressor profiles-A latent class analysis. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0316759. [PMID: 39820180 PMCID: PMC11737799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to 1) identify distinct segments within the general population characterized by various combinations of stressors (stressor profiles) and to 2) examine the socio-demographic composition of these segments and their associations with perceived stress levels. METHODS Segmentation was carried out by latent class analysis of nine self-reported stressors in a representative sample of Danish adults (N = 32,417) aged 16+ years. Perceived stress level was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). RESULTS Seven classes were identified: Class 1 was labeled Low Stressor Burden (64% of the population) and the remaining six classes, which had different stressor combinations, were labeled: 2) Burdened by Financial, Work, and Housing Stressors (10%); 3) Burdened by Disease and Death among Close Relatives (9%); 4) Burdened by Poor Social Support and Strained Relationships (8%); 5) Burdened by Own Disease (6%); 6) Complex Stressor Burden Involving Financial, Work, and Housing Stressors (2%); and 7) Complex Stressor Burden Involving Own Disease and Disease and Death among Close Relatives (2%). Being female notably increased the likelihood of belonging to Classes 2, 3, 5, and 7. Higher age increased the likelihood of belonging to Class 3. Low educational attainment increased the likelihood of belonging to Classes 5 and 6. A significant difference was observed in perceived stress levels between the seven latent classes. Average PSS varied from 9.0 in Class 1 to 24.2 in Class 7 and 25.0 in Class 6. CONCLUSION Latent class analysis allowed us to identify seven population segments with various stressor combinations. Six of the segments had elevated perceived stress levels but differed in terms of socioeconomic composition and stressor combinations. These insights may inform a strategy aimed at improving mental health in the general population by targeting efforts to particular population segments, notably segments experiencing challenging life situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Lasgaard
- DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Vejs Willert
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jes Bak Sørensen
- DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
- AIAS, Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Azar A. Work-Family Life Course Trajectories and Women's Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Defamilization Policies in 15 European Territories. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 65:468-488. [PMID: 39081247 DOI: 10.1177/00221465241265435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2024]
Abstract
This study employs multichannel sequence analysis of data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe to explore variations in the association between work-family life trajectories and women's mental health across European cohorts born between 1924 and 1965 within different policy contexts. It finds that trajectories characterized by prolonged employment and delayed familial commitments are generally associated with increased depressive symptoms. Notably, the strength of this association varies significantly across cohorts and is notably moderated by defamilization policies. These policies, which aim to reduce dependency on family for managing social risks, buffer mental health challenges in traditional family roles but are less effective for women in trajectories with delayed family formation. This investigation highlights the nuanced ways in which historical and cultural contexts alongside policy environments shape mental health outcomes at various life stages, offering valuable insights into our understanding of health disparities across the life course, with an emphasis on exposure to changing institutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Azar
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Almadfaa RO, Wigle PR, Lin AC, Hardee A, Guo JJ, Hincapie AL. Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities and Self-reported Work Productivity in Urinary Incontinence Females Using the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Data. Urology 2024; 193:54-61. [PMID: 38945489 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities and self-reported work productivity in urinary incontinence females. METHODS This was a retrospective observational and secondary analysis of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases database trials. We included females with stress urinary incontinence and ≥21 years old. The primary outcome was self-reported work productivity evaluated using a proportional-odds regression model. A backward elimination method was utilized to create a final reduced model. The socioeconomic predictors were age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, personal income, and language. RESULTS We included 1252 participants with a median age of 52 years old. Whites accounted for 76.2% of total participants, while Hispanics constituted 11.4% only. Work productivity of Hispanic or non-Hispanic other group was greatly affected compared to Whites (OR: 1.771, P value: .0008 and OR: 1.592, P value=.0231, respectively). Work productivity of patients with higher education was less affected compared to less educated patients. Married females were less likely to report being greatly affected in work productivity than nonmarried females (OR 0.663, P-value .0005). Age, income, and language were not predictive of the outcome variable in the final model. CONCLUSION Our finding showed that racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities play an important role in individuals' work productivity. Future research is needed to the influence of social determinants of health not captured by racial and socioeconomic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan O Almadfaa
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Patricia R Wigle
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Alex C Lin
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Angelica Hardee
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jeff J Guo
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ana L Hincapie
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Ko S, Park S, Kim J, Subramanian SV, Kim R. Spousal multimorbidity and depressive symptoms among older Indian couples: Do one's own health status and sex matter? GeroScience 2024; 46:885-896. [PMID: 37233884 PMCID: PMC10828161 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging population, increases in non-communicable diseases that require chronic management pose a substantial economic and social burden to individuals with multimorbid conditions and their spousal caregivers. However, little is known about the crossover effect of spousal multimorbidity on mental health outcomes in the context of low- and middle-income countries, and whether it depends on one's own health status and sex. We examined the association between spousal multimorbidity and depressive symptoms using data on 6,158 older couples (12,316 individuals aged 60 years or above) from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) 2017-18. Overall, 23.4% of the sample were multimorbid and 27.0% reported having depressive symptoms in the past week. Multivariable logistic regression models showed that spousal multimorbidity was associated with depressive symptoms, even after accounting for one's own multimorbidity status (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06-1.44). However, this association varied by sex. Among males, their own multimorbidity status was associated with 60% higher odds of having depressive symptoms (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.28-2.00), but spousal multimorbidity was not. Furthermore, for males, the association between spousal multimorbidity and depressive symptoms was contingent upon the presence of their own multimorbidity. Among females, spousal multimorbidity was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, regardless of their own multimorbidity status. Our findings indicate that interventions to promote healthy aging should expand the formal caregiving system and consider family-based approaches to minimize the crossover health consequences of chronic morbidity in conjugal relationships, especially for females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyeon Ko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Park
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S V Subramanian
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rockli Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Daniels KP, D Thomas M, Chae DH, Allen AM. Black Mothers' Concern for Their Children as a Measure of Vicarious Racism-Related Vigilance and Allostatic Load. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:520-536. [PMID: 37332176 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231175942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between allostatic load and a novel form of altruistic racism-related fear, or concern for how racism might harm another, which we term vicarious racism-related vigilance. Using a subsample of Black mothers from the African American Women's Heart & Health Study (N = 140), which includes detailed health and survey data on a community sample of Black women in the San Francisco Bay Area, this study investigates the relationship between Black mothers' experiences with racism-related vigilance as it relates to their children and allostatic load-a multisystem metric of underlying health across multiple biological systems. Findings indicate that vicarious racism-related vigilance was positively associated with allostatic load (i.e., worse health). Findings highlight the salience of vicarious racism-related vigilance for the health of Black mothers, underscoring how intersections between race, gender, and parenthood result in susceptibility to unique forms of health-harming stress.
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Thomeer MB. Relationship Status-Based Health Disparities during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SOCIAL CURRENTS 2023; 10:17-40. [PMID: 37379448 PMCID: PMC9111917 DOI: 10.1177/23294965221099185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous research finds that marriage is a privileged family form with health benefits. These health advantages may have shifted during the pandemic, as more time was spent at home and resources strained. This study compares differences in three health outcomes across relationship statuses between April and December 2020 using a nationally-representative US survey, the Household Pulse Survey (N = 1,422,733). As the pandemic progressed, larger differences emerged when comparing married and never married respondents' probabilities of fair or poor health, depression, and anxiety as never married people had the steepest decline in health, even adjusting for pandemic-related stressors (e.g., food insufficiency). Yet, widowed and divorced/separated respondents' greater probabilities of these three health outcomes compared to married respondents' narrowed over this same period. During the pandemic, relationship status and self-rated health patterns were similar for men and women, but for mental health there was evidence that the growing advantage of marriage relative to never being married was more pronounced for men, whereas the shrinking advantage of marriage relative to being previously married was more pronounced for women. This study identifies the unique health needs for never married adults during the pandemic, demonstrating that social conditions around the pandemic likely exacerbated health disparities by relationship status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Beth Thomeer
- Department of Sociology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Martin MA, Courtney MG, Lippert AM. The Risks and Consequences of Skipping Meals for Low-income Mothers. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2022; 41:2613-2644. [PMID: 39749138 PMCID: PMC11694716 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-022-09743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective We test whether low-income mothers are more likely to skip breakfast, lunch and/or dinner and thereby increase their risk of overweight and obesity. Background Low-income mothers are significantly more likely to be overweight or obese relative to low-income women not raising children and all men, but the mechanisms generating these disparities remain unclear. Method Using 2006-2008 and 2014-2016 American Time Use Surveys restricted to 18-55-year-old respondents, we predict whether respondents eat breakfast, lunch, and/or dinner as a meal (i.e., eat as a primary activity during specified times) or as a snack (i.e., eat as a secondary activity during the same specified times). We then predict respondents' risk of overweight and obesity (corrected for bias in self-reports). All models examine conditional relationships between sex, presence of children in the home, and income category. Results While eating specific meals varies by pairwise combinations of sex, presence of children, and income category, low-income mothers are not significantly less likely to eat lunch or dinner meals, but they are significantly less likely to eat within two hours of waking relative to all other individuals. Yet including mealtime measures does not notably attenuate the significantly higher risk of overweight/obesity for low-income mothers. Conclusion Results highlight the complex interplay between gender, parenting, and income for food consumption behaviors, but disparities in overweight and obesity remain difficult to explain.
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Rehman AU, Khalid SN, Zakar R, Hani U, Zakria Zakar M, Fischer F. Patients’ perception of the pharmacovigilance system: A pre-diagnostic and post-interventional cross-sectional survey. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:936124. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.936124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: The risk of adverse reactions necessitated the pharmacovigilance system for patient safety. A literature search documented better health literacy of patients through intervention. This investigation aims to assess the perception and the effect of an intervention on patients regarding adverse reactions caused by drugs.Methods: A pre-diagnostic and post-interventional cross-sectional investigation was designed with a sample size of 423 patients in hospitals of Islamabad. The proportion of patients was selected based on a stratified probability technique. A prevalidated tool was used to collect the response twice through a health promotion brochure with counseling, which was applied as an intervention.Results: The outcome of the investigation revealed that the prerequisite of the pharmacovigilance center in the hospital among respondents was improved significantly by 41.2% after intervention. Knowledge, communication, and practice were significantly different with respect to gender. There was a moderate Pearson correlation between diagnostic and interventional responses of patient’s knowledge of adverse reactions by drugs (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) and patient’s communication in pharmacovigilance (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) and a strong correlation between diagnostic and interventional responses of patient’s practice in the pharmacovigilance system (r = 0.72, p < 0.01).Conclusion: The finding of the investigation provided evidence that patient awareness was significantly improved by the health promotion model. Patient participation in the reporting of adverse reactions of drugs will complement the hospital staff reporting. These reports will construct an authentic, cross-checked database for rational drug safety practices in Pakistan.
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Marchese MR, Longobardi Y, Di Cesare T, Mari G, Terruso V, Galli J, D’Alatri L. Gender-related differences in the prevalence of voice disorders and awareness of dysphonia. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2022; 42:458-464. [PMID: 36541384 PMCID: PMC9793143 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Considering the impact of dysphonia on public health and the increasing attention to patient-centred care, we evaluated sex-related differences in the prevalence of benign voice disorders, awareness of dysphonia and voice therapy (VT) results. Methods One hundred and seventy-one patients, 129 females and 42 males, with functional or organic benign dysphonia underwent Voice Handicap Index (VHI), auditory-perceptual dysphonia severity scoring (GRBAS) and acoustic analysis (Jitter%, Shimmer%, NHR) before and after VT. Results Prevalence of each voice disorder was significantly higher among females. Mean time-to-diagnosis (time elapsed until medical consultation) was not different between males and females. The refusal of therapy and VT adherence (mean number of absences and premature dropout) were similar in the two groups. Pre-VT VHI and "G" parameter were worse in women. The percentage of women with abnormal acoustic analysis was significantly higher. Post-VT VHI gain was higher in women, whereas "G" parameter improvement did not differ by sex. Conclusions Our study showed a higher prevalence of voice disorders in females. Awareness of dysphonia was not gender related. Females started with worse voice subjective perception and acoustic analysis, but they perceived greater improvement after therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ylenia Longobardi
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Cesare
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy,Correspondence Tiziana Di Cesare Department of Head and Neck Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Policlinico “A. Gemelli” Foundation, l.go “A. Gemelli” 8, 00168 Rome, Italy Tel. +39 06 30154439. Fax +39 06 3051194 E-mail:
| | - Giorgia Mari
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Terruso
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Galli
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopedic and Head and Neck Sciences, UOC of Otolaryngology, A. Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia D’Alatri
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopedic and Head and Neck Sciences, UOC of Otolaryngology, A. Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Uccheddu D, Emery T, Gauthier AH, Steverink N. Gendered work-family life courses and late-life physical functioning: A comparative analysis from 28 European countries. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2022; 53:100495. [PMID: 36652213 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Combining work and family roles can have beneficial consequences on health but could also result in chronic stress and adverse health outcomes at older ages. This study aimed to examine combined employment, parenthood, and partnership histories of men and women during the childbearing period (ages 15-49), and to investigate the links of these work and family roles with physical functioning later in life. We used data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with retrospective information on employment, parenthood, and partnership histories for 18,057 men and 20,072 women (n = 38,129) living in 28 different countries belonging to six European welfare clusters. We applied multichannel sequence analysis (MCSQA) and hierarchical clustering to group work-family trajectories into 12 clusters for men and 15 clusters for women. We assessed the association between work-family life courses and grip strength by estimating multivariable linear regression models. Delayed work and family transitions, unstable employment, and the absence of combinations of work and family roles between age 15 and 49 were associated with weaker grip strength in later life for both men and women. Results differed by gender and were framed by the welfare context in which gendered work and family responsibilities unfold across individual life courses. The findings make an important contribution to the domain of gender and health in later life and stress the need to engage more with issues related to the mechanisms linking work and family trajectories to poor health in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Uccheddu
- University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Tom Emery
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology (DPAS), Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences (ESSB), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anne H Gauthier
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, the Netherlands; Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Nardi Steverink
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Bíró A, Branyiczki R, Elek P. The effect of involuntary retirement on healthcare use. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:1012-1032. [PMID: 35297125 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the causal effect of involuntary retirement on detailed indicators of healthcare use and mortality. We leverage a pension reform in Hungary which forced public sector workers above the statutory retirement age to full time retirement. Using rich administrative data, we find that on the 3-year horizon, involuntary retirement decreases the number of primary care doctor visits, the use of systemic antiinfectives and respiratory drugs, and the non-zero spending on antiinfectives, the drugs of the alimentary tract and metabolism and of the cardiovascular system. The impact on the latter two drug categories is driven by the drop in income due to involuntary retirement. We conclude that there is little evidence for health deteriorating effects of involuntary retirement and discuss the possible mechanisms behind our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Bíró
- Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Branyiczki
- Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
- TÁRKI, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Elek
- Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Budapest, Hungary
- Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
The Influence of Work-Family Trajectories on Life Satisfaction of Retired Women. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-021-09355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
|
13
|
The Association between Widowhood and Cognitive Function among Chinese Elderly People: Do Gender and Widowhood Duration Make a Difference? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9080991. [PMID: 34442128 PMCID: PMC8392527 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of widowhood on cognitive function in Chinese elderly individuals. We conducted a longitudinal study to assess the association between widowhood and cognitive function and further explored gender differences in this association and the impact of widowhood duration. The analytical sample consisted of 5872 Chinese elderly people who participated in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and were followed up from 2005 to 2014. We used the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function. Widowhood duration was calculated from the self-reported year at which the spouse passed away. Multilevel growth models were employed to estimate the association between widowhood and cognitive function while adjusting for many demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Widowhood status was associated with cognitive decline among Chinese elderly individuals after adjusting for covariates (B = −0.440, 95% CI −0.727 to −0.152), and this association was only statistically significant among men (B = −0.722, 95% CI −1.104 to −0.339). Being widowed for 5 years or less (B = −0.606, 95% CI −1.112 to −0.100), 16–20 years (B = −0.937, 95% CI −1.685 to −0.190), and 21+ years (B = −1.401, 95% CI −1.967 to −0.834) predicted worse cognitive function in men, while being widowed for more than 21+ years (B = −0.655, 95% CI −1.186 to −0.124) was associated with cognitive decline in women. More attention should be directed towards widowed men and long-term widowed elderly individuals.
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Ma SS, Zhang JT, Wang LB, Song KR, Yao ST, Fang RH, Hu YF, Jiang XY, Potenza MN, Fang XY. Efficient Brain Connectivity Reconfiguration Predicts Higher Marital Quality and Lower Depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 17:nsab094. [PMID: 34338775 PMCID: PMC8881634 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Social-information processing is important for successful romantic relationships and protecting against depression, and depends on functional connectivity (FC) within and between large-scale networks. Functional architecture evident at rest is adaptively reconfigured during task and there were two possible associations between brain reconfiguration and behavioral performance during neurocognitive tasks (efficiency effect and distraction-based effect). This study examined relationships between brain reconfiguration during social-information processing and relationship-specific and more general social outcomes in marriage. Resting-state FC was compared with FC during social-information processing (watching relationship-specific and general emotional stimuli) of 29 heterosexual couples, and the FC similarity (reconfiguration efficiency) was examined in relation to marital quality and depression 13 months later. The results indicated wives' reconfiguration efficiency (globally and in visual association network) during relationship-specific stimuli processing was related to their own marital quality. Higher reconfiguration efficiency (globally and in medial frontal, frontal-parietal, default mode, motor/sensory and salience networks) in wives during general emotional stimuli processing was related to their lower depression. These findings suggest efficiency effects on social outcomes during social cognition, especially among married women. The efficiency effects on relationship-specific and more general outcome are respectively higher during relationship-specific stimuli or general emotional stimuli processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Ma
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Luo-Bin Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kun-Ru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shu-Ting Yao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ren-Hui Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi-Fan Hu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xin-Ying Jiang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Direct and Vicarious Racial Discrimination at Three Life Stages and Preterm Labor: Results from the African American Women's Heart & Health Study. Matern Child Health J 2021; 24:1387-1395. [PMID: 32920761 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health disparities research has demonstrated a negative relationship between racial discrimination and African American women's maternal health outcomes. Yet, the relationship between racial discrimination and preterm labor, a key measure of maternal health, remains understudied. This study sought to examine the associations between preterm labor and direct and vicarious racial discrimination among African American women at three life stages: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. METHODS Logistic regression methods were used to analyze cross-sectional data from the African American Women's Heart & Health Study (AAWHHS; N = 173). The AAWHHS includes detailed maternal health information on a community sample of African American women residing in the San Francisco Bay Area. RESULTS Findings indicated each unit increase in adolescent direct racial discrimination was associated with a 48% increase in the odds of preterm labor (OR: 1.480, 95% CI 1.002-2.187, p < 0.05) and each unit increase in childhood vicarious racial discrimination was associated with a 45% increase in the odds of preterm labor (OR: 1.453, 95% CI 1.010-2.092, p < 0.05) after adjusting for number of pregnancies and socioeconomic variables. DISCUSSION This study provides evidence of an association between life-stage racial discrimination and preterm labor risk among African American women, underscoring a need to consider how both directly and vicariously experienced racial discrimination at different developmental periods impact racial disparities in birth outcomes.
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Jiang Y, Tang Y, He T, Lin X, Zhou N. Dyadic associations between neuroticism and interparental relationships among Chinese married couples. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
|
17
|
Wright JD, Kroenke CH, Kwan ML, Kushi LH. "I Had to Make Them Feel at Ease": Narrative Accounts of How Women With Breast Cancer Navigate Social Support. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:1056-1068. [PMID: 33645335 PMCID: PMC8376224 DOI: 10.1177/1049732321989999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Social scientific studies of social support predominantly focus on the positive associations between social support and emotional well-being. The negative aspects of social support have received much less attention. We conducted semi-structured interviews of women with breast cancer (n = 47) to examine the emotional strain associated with social support and how recipients navigate it in ways that protect themselves and their relationships. Based on our analysis of narratives of women's lived experiences of breast cancer, we found that social support can be perceived negatively and associated with experiences of emotional strain. Interviewees engaged in strategies of avoidance, information control, and cognitive reframing to minimize emotional strain. We applied the concept of emotion work to understand the complexity of emotional strain in this context. The findings highlight the difficulties of social support from a recipient's perspective and emphasize the importance of perception and agency in navigating this experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilyn L Kwan
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Influence of Gender Determinants on Informal Care and Health Service Utilization in Spain: Ten Years after the Approval of the Equality Law. ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/admsci11020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of gender inequalities in health, in the use of health services, and in the development of informal care has been demonstrated throughout scientific literature. In Spain, a law was passed in 2007 to promote effective equality between men and women. Despite this, different studies have shown that the previous gender inequalities are still present in Spanish society. For all these reasons, the objective of this paper is to study the differences by sex in informal care and in the use of emergency care, and to identify the existence of gender inequalities in Spain 10 years after the adoption of the aforementioned equality law. In this case, we development a cross-sectional study based on the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey of the Spanish population aged 16 and over. To analyze the influence of gender determinants on informal care and emergency care utilization, logistic regressions were performed, model 1 was adjusted for age, and model 2 was further adjusted too by the variables of the Andersen care demand model. The results showed that informal care and the use of the emergency care continues to be higher in women than in men. Informal care in women was related to a higher level of education. In emergency care, the older the age, the lower the probability of utilization, and living in a rural municipality was related to a higher probability of utilization for both sexes. Finally, we concluded that there is still a need for studies that analyze gender inequalities in different contexts, such as the informal care and the use of health services. This is especially relevant in Spain, where economic changes have led to a change in roles, mainly for women, and new management strategies are needed to achieve equity in care and effective equality between men and women.
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Liver Transplant Candidates: An Observational Study. TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before and after liver transplant (LT) is an important outcome in LT candidates as, in these patients, HRQOL is commonly impaired. However, evidence regarding factors that influence HRQOL in patients with end-stage liver disease is inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with poor HRQOL. An observational study was conducted over LT candidates. The 36-item Short Form Health Survey (widely used to assess HRQOL) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered to 211 patients during the pre-transplant assessment. Baseline demographic and clinical data were also collected. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate risk factors for poor HRQOL. Female sex (lower B = 7.99 95%C = 0.07–15.92, higher B = 18.09 95%CI = 7.56–28.62), encephalopathy (lower B = −9.45, 95%CI = −14.59–−4.31, higher B = −6.69, 95%CI = −13.13 to −0.25), higher MELD scores (lower B = −1.14, 95%CI = −1.67 to −0.61, higher B = −0.33, 95%CI = −0.65 to −0.12), anxiety (lower B = −3.04 95%C = −4.71 to −1.36, higher B = −1.93 95%CI = −3.39 to −0.47)and depression (lower B = −3.27 95%C = −4.46 to −2.08, higher B = −1.02 95%CI = −1.90 to −0.13) symptoms were associated to poorer HRQOL. Psychosocial interventions should be addressed to liver transplant candidates, especially to women, patients with anxiety, depression or episodes of encephalopathy, in order to prevent the impact that these conditions can have on HRQOL.
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Emran A, Iqbal N, Dar IA. 'Silencing the self' and women's mental health problems: A narrative review. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 53:102197. [PMID: 32540753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the context of women's mental health several propositions have been made to account for their increased susceptibility to certain psychiatric illnesses. However, given the topic's multifacetedness, no single explanation is found sufficient in itself. 'Silencing the Self' theory sheds new light on this issue because it acknowledges the importance of social and cultural processes. Besides with its relational perspective, it centers on the primacy of core relationships and its influence on a woman's mental health. Even though, since its inception three decades ago, the theory has been studied in relation to various psychological and physical disorders; it has hitherto received inadequate attention by scholars. Nonetheless, it has the potential to inform our understanding when formulating women's mental health issues. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive narrative account of the extant work on 'silencing the self' in relation to psychiatric illnesses like depression, eating disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It attempts to synthesize the work done till date, as a starting point for further investigation of unexamined areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashti Emran
- Dept. of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Naved Iqbal
- Dept. of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Shim H, Kim S, Kim M, Kim BS, Jeong E, Lee YJ, Won CW. Older Men Living with Spouse and Older Women Living with Spouse and Children Have Lower Frailty Prevalence: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Ann Geriatr Med Res 2020; 24:204-210. [PMID: 33012141 PMCID: PMC7533199 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.20.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In older adults, the risk of frailty is higher among those who are unmarried than among those who are married. However, no study has reported about the relationship between cohabitation status and frailty. Methods This cross-sectional study included 2,128 community-dwelling adults aged between 70 and 84 years who underwent interviews and physical function assessments for the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The definition of frailty was derived from the Fried frailty phenotype. Cohabitation was categorized as “living alone”, “with spouse only”, “with children only”, and “with spouse and children”. Results The mean age was 76 years, and 46.3% of the adults were men. After adjusting for age, education, income, nutritional status, alcohol, smoking history, Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Korean Activities of Daily Living, Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, urinary incontinence, and polypharmacy, the odds ratios of frailty were 0.323 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.137–0.763; p<0.001) and 1.089 (95% CI, 0.671–1.769; p=0.730) for men and women living with a spouse, respectively. The odds ratios of frailty were 0.329 (95% CI, 0.117–0.927; p=0.035) and 0.332 (95% CI, 0.123–0.891; p=0.029) for men and women living with spouse and children, respectively. Conclusion Men living with a spouse or with a spouse and children had a lowered prevalence of frailty, and women living with a spouse and children together had a lowered prevalence of frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjin Shim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, East-West Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Sung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjin Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Anjara SG, Bonetto C, Van Bortel T, Brayne C. Using the GHQ-12 to screen for mental health problems among primary care patients: psychometrics and practical considerations. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:62. [PMID: 32793301 PMCID: PMC7418321 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study explores the factor structure of the Indonesian version of the GHQ-12 based on several theoretical perspectives and determines the threshold for optimum sensitivity and specificity. Through a focus group discussion, we evaluate the practicality of the GHQ-12 as a screening tool for mental health problems among adult primary care patients in Indonesia. Methods This is a prospective study exploring the construct validity, criterion validity and reliability of the GHQ-12, conducted with 676 primary care patients attending 28 primary care clinics randomised for participation in the study. Participants' GHQ-12 scores were compared with their psychiatric diagnosis based on face-to-face clinical interviews with GPs using the CIS-R. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses determined the construct validity of the GHQ-12 in this population. The appropriate threshold score of the GHQ-12 as a screening tool in primary care was determined using the receiver operating curve. Prior to data collection, a focus group discussion was held with research assistants who piloted the screening procedure, GPs, and a psychiatrist, to evaluate the practicality of embedding screening within the routine clinic procedures. Results Of all primary care patients attending the clinics during the recruitment period, 26.7% agreed to participate (676/2532 consecutive patients approached). Their median age was 46 (range 18-82 years); 67% were women. The median GHQ-12 score for our primary care sample was 2, with an interquartile range of 4. The internal consistency of the GHQ-12 was good (Cronbach's α = 0.76). Four factor structures were fitted on the data. The GHQ-12 was found to best fit a one-dimensional model, when response bias is taken into consideration. Results from the ROC curve indicated that the GHQ-12 is 'fairly accurate' when discriminating primary care patients with indication of mental disorders from those without, with average AUC of 0.78. The optimal threshold of the GHQ-12 was either 1/2 or 2/3 point depending on the intended utility, with a Positive Predictive Value of 0.68 to 0.73 respectively. The screening procedure was successfully embedded into routine patient flow in the 28 clinics. Conclusions The Indonesian version of the GHQ-12 could be used to screen primary care patients at high risk of mental disorders although with significant false positives if reasonable sensitivity is to be achieved. While it involves additional administrative burden, screening may help identify future users of mental health services in primary care that the country is currently expanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Anjara
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Box 113, Cambridge, CB2 0SR UK
| | - C Bonetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - T Van Bortel
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Box 113, Cambridge, CB2 0SR UK
| | - C Brayne
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Box 113, Cambridge, CB2 0SR UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Trevisan C, Grande G, Vetrano DL, Maggi S, Sergi G, Welmer AK, Rizzuto D. Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Marital Status and the Development of Frailty: A Swedish Longitudinal Population-Based Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 29:927-936. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Trevisan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Grande
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Liborio Vetrano
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centro Medicina dell'Invecchiamento, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli” and Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute - Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna-Karin Welmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Allied Health Professionals, Function Area Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Thomeer MB, Umberson D, Reczek C. The Gender-as-Relational Approach for Theorizing About Romantic Relationships of Sexual and Gender Minority Mid- to Later-Life Adults. JOURNAL OF FAMILY THEORY & REVIEW 2020; 12:220-237. [PMID: 33312231 PMCID: PMC7731939 DOI: 10.1111/jftr.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We deploy the "gender-as-relational" (GAR) approach to enhance the study of the long-term romantic relationships of sexual and gender minority mid- to later-life adults. The GAR approach states that gender within relationships is shaped by three key factors: own gender, partner's gender, and the gendered relational context. This approach highlights that the relationship dynamics of men, women, and gender nonconforming people are highly diverse, reflecting that gender is a social construct formed within interactions and institutions. We explicate how GAR can reorganize the study of sexual and gender diversity in three research areas related to aging and relationships-caregiving, marital health benefits, and intimacy-and discuss theory-driven methods appropriate for a GAR research agenda. A GAR framework reorients research by complicating taken-for-granted assumptions about how gender operates within mid- to later-life romantic relationships and queering understandings of aging and romantic relationships to include experiences outside of heteronormative and cisnormative categories.
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Hanna S, Tam CWM, Knight A, Zhao L, Ban L, Pellizzon B, Parks J. The ED2GP (emergency department to general practice) for Women study: understanding lower follow-up rates among older women. Aust J Prim Health 2020; 26:396-401. [DOI: 10.1071/py19221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Older women seem to have lower GP follow-up rates after an emergency department (ED) discharge than men. This qualitative study investigated how older women seek GP follow up after an ED visit. In 2018, women aged ≥65 years were recruited from an ED in a suburban hospital in south-western Sydney, Australia, and then contacted 1 week later for a telephone interview exploring factors associated with their follow-up behaviour. Grounded theory was used to construct a potential explanatory model of follow-up behaviours. Of the 100 women recruited, 64% had attended a GP follow up by Day 7, as instructed. The balance of perceived cost and benefit of GP follow up emerged as a useful model to understand the factors affecting follow-up behaviour. Perceived costs included inconvenience caused to self and others, access to transport options and the availability of a patient’s GP. Perceived benefits included previous experiences with the healthcare system, pre-existing health-seeking behaviours and ED messaging. Our findings suggest that follow-up rates could be improved by strengthening the perceived benefit of GP follow up at the point of ED discharge, in addition to addressing perceived costs. Approaches may include ensuring discharge instructions are purposeful and given in the company of an older woman’s social supports.
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Abstract
AbstractSocio-economic inequalities in physical and mental health persist at older ages and previous studies have shown that partnership and parenthood histories are also associated with differentials in later-life health. These domains of adult life interact, and both may be influenced by earlier life circumstances, indicating a need for a holistic approach to understanding lifecourse influences on health at older ages. In this paper, we identify classes of lifecourse types for a United Kingdom (UK) cohort born 1933–1945 and investigate differences between the latent classes identified in physical and mental health, and changes in health over a five-year follow-up period. Data were drawn from Waves 1–5 (2009–2013) of the nationally representative UK Household Longitudinal Study. Multi-level models were used to analyse associations with summary indicators of physical and mental health measured using the SF-12, and changes in health, controlling for childhood circumstances and taking account of support from family and friends in later life. Lifecourses characterised by lower socio-economic position, early parenthood and large family size were associated with worse physical and mental health in later life, with respondents who had combined a high socio-economic position and two children being the most advantaged. The study indicates that socio-economic disparities in later-life health vary depending on the way in which individuals combine work and family life.
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Allen AM, Wang Y, Chae DH, Price MM, Powell W, Steed TC, Black AR, Dhabhar FS, Marquez-Magaña L, Woods-Giscombe CL. Racial discrimination, the superwoman schema, and allostatic load: exploring an integrative stress-coping model among African American women. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1457:104-127. [PMID: 31403707 PMCID: PMC6904516 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Racial discrimination has been linked to allostatic load (i.e., cumulative biological stress) among African American women. However, limited attention has been given to psychosocial processes involved in the stress response-critical for understanding biological pathways to health-in studies examining racial discrimination as a social determinant of health. We examined whether the superwoman schema (SWS), a multidimensional culture-specific framework characterizing psychosocial responses to stress among African American women, modifies the association between racial discrimination and allostatic load. We used purposive sampling to recruit a community sample of African American women ages 30-50 from five San Francisco Bay Area counties (n = 208). Path analysis was used to test for interactions while accounting for the covariance among SWS subscales using both linear and quadratic models. Significant interactions were observed between racial discrimination and four of the five SWS subscales. Feeling obligated to present an image of strength and an obligation to suppress emotions were each protective whereas feeling an intense motivation to succeed and feeling an obligation to help others exacerbated the independent health risk associated with experiencing racial discrimination. Our findings affirm the need to consider individual variability in coping and potentially other psychosocial processes involved in the stress response process, and offer several insights that may help elucidate the mechanisms by which racial discrimination gets "under the skin."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani M. Allen
- Divisions of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology,
University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley,
California
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - David H. Chae
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College
of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Melisa M. Price
- Phil R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University
of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Disparities Institute,
UConn Health
| | - Teneka C. Steed
- Department of Educational Research Methodology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Angela Rose Black
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Family
Medicine and Community Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Firdaus S. Dhabhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sylvester
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami,
Florida
| | - Leticia Marquez-Magaña
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, San Francisco
State University, San Francisco, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Le DD, Leon-Gonzalez R, Giang LT. Decomposing gender inequality in functional disability among older people in Vietnam. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 87:103989. [PMID: 31778939 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared functional disability in older men and women, and examined the extent to which social determinants contribute to the difference in functional disability between Vietnamese older men and women. METHODS A nationally representative sample of persons aged 60 and older in Vietnam, taken from the 2011 Vietnam Aging Survey, was analyzed (N = 2,693, consisting of 1,622 women and 1,071 men). Ordinary least squares regression (OLS) was used to identify factors associated with functional disability in men and women, while Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition for linear models was applied to examine how much of gender inequality in functional disability was attributed by the distribution of the social determinants. RESULTS The OLS results showed that functional disability score for women was significantly higher than that for men, and that men and women shared similarity in factors associated with functional disability (e.g., age, educational level, employment status, and perceived sufficiency of income). The decomposition results showed that the distribution of the social determinants explained about 54 per cent of gender inequality in functional disability; among the determinants, age, employment status, and educational level were the major drivers. Approximately 46 per cent of the inequality was explained by unobserved factors. CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight the need for policy to mitigate the social determinants (e.g., education and employment) that contribute to gender inequality in functional disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Dung Le
- National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8677, Japan; Institute of Social and Medical Studies (ISMS), No. 810 & 804, CT1A DN1 Building, Ham Nghi St., Nam Tu Liem Dist., Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Roberto Leon-Gonzalez
- National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8677, Japan.
| | - Long Thanh Giang
- Institute of Public Policy and Management, National Economics University, 207 Giai Phong St., Hai Ba Trung Dist., Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Carmel S. Health and Well-Being in Late Life: Gender Differences Worldwide. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:218. [PMID: 31649931 PMCID: PMC6795677 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining health and quality of life and decreasing the number of years lived with disabilities in old age are among the main challenges of aging societies worldwide. This paper aims to present current worldwide health-related gender inequalities throughout life, and especially in late life, as well as gender gaps in social and personal resources which affect health, functioning and well-being. This paper also addresses the question of whether gender gaps at younger ages tend to narrow in late life, due to the many biological and social changes that occur in old age. Based on international data regarding these gender gaps and the trends of change in personal resources and health-related lifestyles in the more and less developed nations, conclusions regarding future changes in gender gaps are presented, along with practical implications for future improvements in women's health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carmel
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Multidisciplinary Research in Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Xu Y, Richardson J, MacDermid J, Dal Bello-Haas V. Mobility in community-dwelling adults with chronic conditions: the contribution of age and sex. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2018.1503717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Julie Richardson
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joy MacDermid
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- School of Physical Therapy and Surgery, Western University, London, Canada
- Clinical Research Lab, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, London, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Community-Based Efforts to Prevent and Manage Diabetes in Women Living in Vulnerable Communities. J Community Health 2019; 43:508-517. [PMID: 29134297 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-017-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Social determinants of health likely play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes for women in vulnerable communities. Adult African American women diagnosed with or at-risk for diabetes in Inkster, Michigan (n = 113) and a group of demographically similar women in Flint, Michigan (n = 48) participated in programs aimed at increasing diabetes-related self-management behaviors through peer coaching, health literacy training, and social support. Participants completed surveys to measure changes in health, health behaviors, health literacy, and social support. We found that these diabetes programs with a focus on increasing women's capacity to practice health management behaviors, navigate the health care system, and connect with social support, led to an increase in healthy behaviors and a reported increase in both overall and diabetes-specific health over an 18 month period. Overall health, general diet and specific diet improved significantly (p < 0.05) from baseline to follow-up, when controlled for age, diabetes status and site. Exercise also improved, but the change was not statistically significant. Women who participated in the intervention changed health behaviors, and increased their sense of health literacy and social support. Improvement in women's access to and use of community preventive services, and the provision of outreach support using community health workers (CHWs) and peer mentorship was an integral part of creating these changes. Although this study found that a variety of diabetes prevention and management programs provided opportunities for positive health changes, findings also suggest that it is critical to address the burdens women from vulnerable communities face in order to participate in these programs.
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Barbosa REC, Fonseca GC. Prevalence of smoking in Brazilian schoolteachers, 2016. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35Suppl 1:e00180217. [PMID: 30994820 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00180217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of smoking and associated factors in a nationally representative sample of 6,510 Brazilian schoolteachers. Data were obtained from telephone interviews using a questionnaire on sociodemographic information, health status, work absenteeism, and the characteristics of teaching work. Smoking was analyzed as a dichotomous variable using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Overall smoking prevalence was 4.4%. Prevalence in men was 5.9% and was higher in those over 55 years of age (10.7%). Prevalence in women was 3.5% and was higher from 45 to 54 years of age (5.5%). The final multivariate model showed a negative association between smoking and female gender (OR = 0.46), being married or living with partner (OR = 0.53), occasional voice problems at work (OR = 0.64), and longer commuting time to and from school (OR = 0.58). The results showed positive associations between smoking and older age (OR = 2.59), living in the South (OR = 1.98) and Southeast Brazil (OR = 2.07), insufficient physical activity (OR = 1.66), and use of anxiolytics or antidepressants (OR = 2.46). Prevalence of smoking in Brazilian schoolteachers was relatively low. Unexpectedly, although cited as inadequate by the teachers, work conditions and demands in the schools did not reach statistical significance with smoking in the current study.
Collapse
|
|
33
|
Widowhood and mortality risk of older people in rural China: do gender and living arrangement make a difference? AGEING & SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIncreased mortality after spousal bereavement has been observed in many populations. Few studies have investigated the widowhood effect in a traditional culture where the economy is underdeveloped. The reasons for the widowhood effect and its gender dynamic are not well understood. In this study, we assessed whether the widowhood-associated excess mortality exists and differs by gender and living arrangement in rural China. We used a six-wave panel of data derived from rural people over 60 years old in the Chaohu region of China. Cox regression analyses suggest that there was a positive effect of spousal loss on mortality for older rural Chinese and this effect was gender different. Our findings also suggest that living with adult children after spousal loss played a protective role in reducing the risk of older men's death, though it tended to increase older men's mortality risk in general.
Collapse
|
|
34
|
Behler R, Donnelly R, Umberson D. Psychological Distress Transmission in Same-sex and Different-sex Marriages. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 60:18-35. [PMID: 30461313 PMCID: PMC6386620 DOI: 10.1177/0022146518813097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ample work stresses the interdependence of spouses' psychological distress and that women are more influenced by their spouse's distress than men. Yet previous studies have focused primarily on heterosexual couples, raising questions about whether and how this gendered pattern might unfold for men and women in same-sex marriages. We analyze 10 days of diary data from a purposive sample of men and women in same-sex and different-sex marriages ( n = 756 individuals from 378 couples) to examine psychological distress transmission between spouses and how this process may differ for men and women in same-sex and different-sex marriages. We find that women are more strongly influenced by their partners' distress than men, regardless of whether they are married to a man or a woman, and that this relationship is particularly strong for women with male spouses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Donnelly
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Corresponding Author:Rachel Donnelly, 305 E 23 St. Stop G1800, Austin, TX 78712,
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
35
|
King TL, Kavanagh A, Scovelle AJ, Milner A. Associations between gender equality and health: a systematic review. Health Promot Int 2018:5233434. [PMID: 30534989 DOI: 10.1093/yel/day093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review sought to evaluate the impact of gender equality on the health of both women and men in high-income countries. A range of health outcomes arose across the 48 studies included. Gender equality was measured in various ways, including employment characteristics, political representation, access to services, and with standard indicators (such as the Global Gender Gap Index and the Gender Empowerment Measure). The effects of gender equality varied depending on the health outcome examined, and the context in which gender equality was examined (i.e. employment or domestic domain). Overall, evidence suggests that greater gender equality has a mostly positive effect on the health of males and females. We found utility in the convergence model, which postulates that gender equality will be associated with a convergence in the health outcomes of men and women, but unless there is encouragement and support for men to assume more non-traditional roles, further health gains will be stymied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania L King
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Anne Kavanagh
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Anna J Scovelle
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Alizadeh Z, Feizi A, Rejali M, Afshar H, Keshteli AH, Adibi P. The Predictive Value of Personality Traits for Psychological Problems (Stress, Anxiety and Depression): Results from a Large Population Based Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2018; 8:124-133. [PMID: 30864753 PMCID: PMC7377556 DOI: 10.2991/j.jegh.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the prognostic values of personality traits for common psychological problems in a large sample of Iranian adult. In a large sample of healthy people (n = 4763) who lived in Isfahan province; the NEO-FFI was used to assess the personality traits; depression and anxiety were assessed using the "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)" also stress was measured through Persian validated version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC) analysis was used as main statistical method for data analysis. ROC analysis showed neuroticism was the best predictor for all psychological problems with highest area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) for stress, 0.837 (0.837-0.851), anxiety 0.861 (0.847-0.876) and depression 0.833 (0.820-0.846) (p < .001) and the corresponding cut-off points (sensitivity, specificity), were 21.5 (77%, 66%), 22.5 (81%, 77%) and 20.5 (77%, 74%), respectively. Other personality traits were significant protective factors for being affected with psychological problems (p < .001). Similar findings were observed separately in women and men. The present study showed that the neuroticism is significant risk factor for being affected with three psychological problems while other traits are significant protective factors. Personality traits are useful indices for screening psychological problems and an effective pathway toward prevention in general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Alizadeh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Rejali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Integrative Functional, Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Williams DT. Parental Depression and Cooperative Coparenting: A Longitudinal and Dyadic Approach. FAMILY RELATIONS 2018; 67:253-269. [PMID: 29887656 PMCID: PMC5987554 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between parental depression and cooperative coparenting among couples over the first 5 years after a birth. BACKGROUND Previous research has considered how depression affects coparenting but has not focused on the association as a longitudinal and dyadic process. Understanding coparenting is important as it is linked to parents' and children's well-being. METHOD Data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing (FFCW) study were analyzed using actor-partner interdependence models. The FFCW follows families and their children as part of a birth cohort of children who were born in large urban cities of the United States in the late 1990s. RESULTS The actor-partner interdependence models indicated that (a) parents' depression is associated with decreased coparenting perceptions for both mothers and fathers, and the effects endure over time; (b) fathers' depression was also associated with mothers' perceptions of cooperative coparenting over the later years; and (c) differences between mothers and fathers emerged only during the early years, with the effect of depression on coparenting being larger for fathers than mothers. CONCLUSION The results not only highlight the importance of both parents' mental health on coparenting but also the added role that fathers' depression plays in shaping their own and their partners' perceptions of coparenting. IMPLICATIONS Policy makers and family practitioners who are invested in building healthy families may find it valuable to screen for and treat mental illness in the context of creating programs to increase cooperative coparenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deadric T Williams
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 715 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588
| |
Collapse
|
|
38
|
Alizadeh Z, Feizi A, Rejali M, Afshar H, Keshteli AH, Adibi P. The Predictive Value of Personality Traits for Psychological Problems (Stress, Anxiety and Depression): Results from a Large Population Based Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Alizadeh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Rejali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Integrative Functional, Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
|
39
|
Hysteresis, social congestion and debt: towards a sociology of mental health disorders in undergraduates. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1057/s41285-017-0057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
|
40
|
Eyink J, Hirt ER, Hendrix KS, Galante E. Circadian variations in claimed self-handicapping: Exploring the strategic use of stress as an excuse. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
|
41
|
Abstract
National policy and much of scholarly research on disability overlook the importance of unpaid family work and instead focus on disability in paid work, largely in male samples. Because of societal expectations about appropriate social roles for men and women, women tend to assume responsibility for unpaid work in the family and also tend to have paid work that is characterized by low pay and limited autonomy. This article discusses the political, theoretical, and methodological issues relating to defining and measuring paid and unpaid work disability for women and men within the context of these structural factors. The results of a study analyzing disability in both paid work and unpaid family work among a sample of 206 women with rheumatoid arthritis are presented. The study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring disability in family work and shows that women experience significant limitations in homemaker functioning as well as in paid work roles.
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Roos E, Lahelma E, Saastamoinen P, Elstad JI. The association of employment status and family status with health among women and men in four Nordic countries. Scand J Public Health 2016; 33:250-60. [PMID: 16087487 DOI: 10.1080/14034940510005680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The Nordic countries have relatively equal employment participation between men and women, but some differences between countries exist in labour market participation. The aim was to examine the association between employment status and health among women and men in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, and analyse whether this association is modified by marital status and parental status. Methods: The data come from nationally representative cross-sectional surveys carried out in Denmark (n=2,209), Finland (n=4,604), Norway (n=1,844) and Sweden (n=5,360) in 1994—95. Women and men aged 25—49 were included. Employment status was categorized into full-time employed, part-time employed, unemployed, and housewives among women and into employed and unemployed among men. Health was measured by perceived health and limiting longstanding illness. Logistic regression analysis was used, adjusting for age and education. Marital status and parental status were analysed as modifying factors. Results: The non-employed were more likely to report perceived health as below good and limiting longstanding illness than the employed among both women and men. The association between employment status and perceived health remained unchanged when marital status and parental status were adjusted for among all men and Finnish women, but the association was slightly strengthened among Danish and Swedish women, with the housewives becoming more likely to report ill health than employed women. The association between employment status and limiting longstanding illness was slightly strengthened among women, and slightly weakened among Norwegian men when marital and parental status were adjusted for. Conclusions: Non-employment was associated with poorer health in all countries, although there are differences in the employment patterns between the countries. Among women marital status and parental status showed a modest or no influence on the association between employment status and health. Among men there was no such influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Roos
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
43
|
Gender differences in the use of alcohol and prescription drugs in relation to job insecurity. Testing a model of mediating factors. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2016; 37:21-30. [PMID: 27561136 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of several studies suggest that economy-related stressors are less distressing for women compared with men. This study proposed to examine the relationship of perceived job insecurity with the use of licit drugs using a theoretical model that considered antecedents and mediators of this association, in order to identify differences between working men and women. METHODS Using information from the Catalan Health Survey (2010-2014), we selected working individuals aged 16-64 who were primary providers of household income (N=5315). The outcomes were two measures of alcohol consumption (heavy drinking and binge drinking) and the use of hypnotics/sedatives. As antecedents of the exposure to job insecurity we considered the type of contractual relationship and occupational class. The mediating factors were poor mental health, household structure and the hours of housework per week. The theoretical model was assessed using path analysis where the moderating effect of gender was considered in all the associations. RESULTS No differences in the prevalence of job insecurity were found between men and women (17%). Job insecurity (Odds ratio [OR]=1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.23-1.48) and house workload (OR=1.01, 95% CI=1.00-1.02) were positively associated with poor mental health, with no significant interactions with gender. Poor mental health was significantly associated with binge drinking (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.13-1.33) and with the use of hypnotics/sedatives (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.53-1.91). House workload showed a direct negative association with binge drinking (OR=0.99, 95% CI=0.98-1.00), while those in households with no children were more likely to be binge drinkers, with no significant interactions with gender. An alternative model had better fitting results for heavy drinking. CONCLUSION No gender differences were found in the association of job insecurity with mental health nor with the use of substances among primary providers of household income, emphasising the importance of social roles when assessing differences in mental health among men and women.
Collapse
|
|
44
|
Dyregrov A, Kristoffersen JI, Matthiesen SB, Mitchell JT. Gender Differences in Adolescents' Reactions to the Murder of Their Teacher. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/074355489493005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One month following the murder of their teacher, 63 adolescents responded to a questionnaire concerning different aspects of the event. Those adolescents who learned about the murderfrom siblings andfriends reported sufferingfrom more intrusive images and depressive thoughts than those adolescents who learned about the event from parents. Girls reported reacting more strongly and talking more with both theirfriends and their parents about the event than did boys. Differing explanations regarding the observed gender differences are suggested Correlations in the data indicate that those students who reported being the most depressed and anxious were those who talked with their friends about the event. Talking with one's parents was associated with less depressive thinking and less avoidance.
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Ho R, Davidson G, Ghea V. Motives for the Adoption of Protective Health Behaviours for Men and Women: An Evaluation of the Psychosocial-Appraisal Health Model. J Health Psychol 2016; 10:373-95. [PMID: 15857869 DOI: 10.1177/1359105305051424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study has been designed to: (1) evaluate the adequacy of a psychosocial-appraisal health model posited to explain the decision-making processes associated with the intention as well as the (non)practice of protective behaviours; and (2) test for sex differences in the hypothesized structural relations (both direct and indirect) between the model’s exogenous (psychosocial) and endogenous (cognitive appraisal) factors in representing the way health decisions are made. Results obtained from path analysis ( N = 1269) provided overall support for the ‘fit’ of the hypothesized health model. The implications of the findings with regard to differences in male and female health status are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ho
- School of Psychology and Sociology, Central Queensland University, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
46
|
Crystal DS, Kato K, Olson S, Watanabe H. Attitudes Towards Self-change: A Comparison of Japanese and American University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/016502549501800401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined attitudes related to the possibility of changing cognitions and behaviours among samples of college students in the United States and Japan. Students were asked to identify three things about themselves that they wanted to change, the method they would use to effect these changes, how difficult they thought making such changes would be, and how much they desired to make the changes. Japanese and US students differed significantly in the frequency with which they mentioned all seven aspects of the self that were targeted for change. Students in the United States expressed a desire to improve their sociability, academic achievement and cognitive abilities, physical appearance, and sense of individuality. Students in Japan were most concerned about enhancing their relationships with others, self-control and motivation, and ability to manage practical affairs. In addition, US respondents were more likely than their Japanese counterparts to use behaviour-oriented strategies, to believe it was easy to make self-changes, and to indicate a strong desire to improve the self. The findings are discussed in the context of theories describing different cultural construals of self, and of empirical research on differences between collectivistic and individualistic cultures.
Collapse
|
|
47
|
Kelly R, Hurton S, Ayloo S, Cwinn M, De Coutere-Bosse S, Molinari M. Societal reintegration following cadaveric orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2016; 5:234-44. [PMID: 27275465 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2016.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on patients' societal reintegration following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are scarce. METHODS Between September 2006 and January 2008, all adults who were alive after 3 years post OLT were included in this prospective cohort study. Validated questionnaires were administered to all candidates with the primary aim of investigating the rate of their social re-integration following OLT and potential barriers they might have encountered. RESULTS Among 157 eligible patients 110 (70%) participated. Mean participants' age was 57 years (SD 11.4) and 43% were females. Prior to OLT, 75% of patients were married and 6% were divorced. Following OLT there was no significant difference in marital status. Employment rate fell from 72% to 30% post-OLT. Patients who had been employed in either low-skill or advanced-skill jobs were less likely to return to work. After OLT, personal income fell an average of 4,363 Canadian dollars (CAN$) (SD 20,733) (P=0.03) but the majority of recipients (80%) reported high levels of satisfaction for their role in society. CONCLUSIONS Although patients' satisfaction post-OLT is high, employment status is likely to be negatively affected for individuals who are not self-employed. Strategies to assist recipients in returning to their pre-OLT jobs should be developed to improve patients' economical status and societal ability to recoup resources committed for OLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kelly
- 1 Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; 2 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Scott Hurton
- 1 Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; 2 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Subhashini Ayloo
- 1 Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; 2 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mathew Cwinn
- 1 Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; 2 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sarah De Coutere-Bosse
- 1 Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; 2 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michele Molinari
- 1 Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; 2 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Thomeer MB. Multiple Chronic Conditions, Spouse's Depressive Symptoms, and Gender within Marriage. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 57:59-76. [PMID: 26957134 PMCID: PMC8258774 DOI: 10.1177/0022146516628179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple chronic conditions (i.e., multimorbidity) increase a person's depressive symptoms more than having one chronic condition. Little is known regarding whether multimorbidity similarly increases the depressive symptoms of one's spouse and whether this depends on type of condition, gender, or both spouses' health status. Analysis of multiple waves of the Health and Retirement Study reveals husband's number of chronic conditions is positively related to wife's depressive symptoms when both spouses are chronically ill. The association between wife's chronic conditions and husband's depressive symptoms is weaker and less robust. Type of chronic condition also matters but which type depends on the gender and health status of both spouses. By highlighting key contexts where chronic conditions are connected to spousal depressive symptoms, this study identifies areas of vulnerability and urges researchers and clinicians to consider multimorbidity when designing and implementing interventions, along with gender, both spouses' chronic conditions, and condition type.
Collapse
|
|
49
|
Trevisan C, Veronese N, Maggi S, Baggio G, De Rui M, Bolzetta F, Zambon S, Sartori L, Perissinotto E, Crepaldi G, Manzato E, Sergi G. Marital Status and Frailty in Older People: Gender Differences in the Progetto Veneto Anziani Longitudinal Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2016; 25:630-7. [PMID: 26845424 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marital status has been associated with disability and mortality, but its potential role as a factor influencing frailty has yet to be thoroughly investigated. The analysis of gender-related differences in the relationship between marital status and frailty is another interesting matter that remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of our study was to examine the association between marital status and the incidence of frailty in a cohort of older men and women over a 4.4-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 1887 subjects older than 65 years, enrolled under the Progetto Veneto Anziani (Pro.V.A.) and with no evidence of frailty at baseline, were grouped by marital status. The incidence of frailty after 4.4 years was measured as the presence of at least three of the Fried criteria. RESULTS After the follow-up period, 414 (21.9%) new cases of frailty were identified. Multivariate logistic regression models demonstrated that male gender carried a higher risk of developing frailty among men who had never married (odds ratio [OR] = 3.84, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.76-5.35; p < 0.0001) and were widowed (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.06-1.95, p = 0.02) than among married participants. For female gender, widows had significantly lower odds of becoming frail than married women (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.66-0.91, p = 0.002). The determinants of frailty more influenced by marital status were unintentional weight loss, low daily energy expenditure, and exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS Marital status seems to significantly influence the onset of frailty, with some gender-specific differences. Unmarried men were at higher risk of frailty, while widowed women carried a lower risk of becoming frail than married women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Trevisan
- 1 Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- 1 Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- 2 National Research Council, Aging Branch, Institute of Neuroscience , Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marina De Rui
- 1 Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Bolzetta
- 1 Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Sabina Zambon
- 2 National Research Council, Aging Branch, Institute of Neuroscience , Padova, Italy .,4 Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinica Medica I, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sartori
- 4 Department of Medicine (DIMED), Clinica Medica I, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Egle Perissinotto
- 5 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences - Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Crepaldi
- 2 National Research Council, Aging Branch, Institute of Neuroscience , Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Manzato
- 1 Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova , Padova, Italy .,2 National Research Council, Aging Branch, Institute of Neuroscience , Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- 1 Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
50
|
Thomeer MB, Reczek C, Umberson D. Relationship dynamics around depression in gay and lesbian couples. Soc Sci Med 2015; 147:38-46. [PMID: 26523788 PMCID: PMC4689633 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research on intimate relationship dynamics around depression has primarily focused on heterosexual couples. This body of work shows that wives are more likely than husbands to offer support to a depressed spouse. Moreover, when wives are depressed, they are more likely than husbands to try and shield their spouse from the stress of their own depression. Yet, previous research has not examined depression and relationship dynamics in gay and lesbian couples. We analyze in-depth interviews with 26 gay and lesbian couples (N = 52 individuals) in which one or both partners reported depression. We find evidence that dominant gender scripts are both upheld and challenged within gay and lesbian couples, providing important insight into how gender operates in relation to depression within same-sex contexts. Our results indicate that most gay and lesbian partners offer support to a depressed partner, yet lesbian couples tend to follow a unique pattern in that they provide support both as the non-depressed and depressed partner. Support around depression is sometimes viewed as improving the relationship, but if the support is intensive or rejected, it is often viewed as contributing to relationship strain. Support is also sometimes withdrawn by the non-depressed partner because of caregiver exhaustion or the perception that the support is unhelpful. This study points to the importance of considering depression within gay and lesbian relational contexts, revealing new ways support sustains and strains intimate partnerships. We emphasize the usefulness of deploying couple-level approaches to better understand depression in sexual minority populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinne Reczek
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Debra Umberson
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Department of Sociology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| |
Collapse
|