To explore the potential application of non-Saccharomyces yeasts screened from Baijiu fermentation environment in winemaking, the effect of four Baijiu non-Saccharomyces yeasts (two Zygosaccharomyces bailii and two Pichia kudriavzevii) sequentially fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the physicochemical parameters and volatile compounds of wine was analyzed. The results indicated that there was no obvious antagonism between S. cerevisiae and Z. bailli or P. kudriavzevii in sequential fermentations, and all strains could be detected at the end of alcoholic fermentation. Compare with S. cerevisiae pure fermentation, Z. bailii/S. cerevisiae sequential fermentations significantly reduced higher alcohols, fatty acids, and ethyl esters and increased acetate esters; P. kudriavzevii/S. cerevisiae sequential fermentations reduced the contents of C6 alcohols, total higher alcohols, fatty acids, and ethyl esters and significantly increased the contents of acetate esters (especially ethyl acetate and 3-methylbutyl acetate). Sequential fermentation of Baijiu non-Saccharomyces yeast and S. cerevisiae improved the flavor and quality of wine due to the higher ester content and lower concentration of higher alcohols and fatty acids, non-Saccharomyces yeasts selected from Baijiu fermentation environment have potential applications in winemaking, which could provide a new strategy to improve wine flavor and quality.

This project investigated the feasibility of using sewage sludge to culture microalgae (Chlorella-HKBU) and their subsequent usage as feeds for rearing different organisms. Part II of the project evaluated the results of applying the sludge-grown algae to feed Oreochromis mossambicus (fish), Macrobrachium hainenese (shrimp), and Moina macrocopa (cladocera). In general, the yields of the cultivated organisms were unsatisfactory when they were fed the sludge-grown algae directly. The body weights of O. mossambicus and M. macrocopa dropped 21% and 37%, respectively, although there was a slight increase (4.4%) in M. hainenese. However, when feeding the algal-fed cladocerans to fish and shrimp, the body weights of the fish and shrimp were increased 7% and 11% accordingly. Protein contents of the cultivated organisms were comparable to the control diet, although they contained a rather high amount of heavy metals. When comparing absolute heavy metal contents in the cultivated organisms, the following order was observed: alga > cladocera > shrimp, fish > sludge extracts. Bioelimination of heavy metals may account for the decreasing heavy metal concentrations in higher trophic organisms.