• Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC)
• Colitis-cancer transformation
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Review
• Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

• Humans
• Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
• Animals
• Colitis-Associated Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology

• cancer
• molecular docking
• natural compounds
• phytochemicals
• signaling pathway

• Humans
• Phytochemicals/pharmacology
• Phytochemicals/therapeutic use
• Molecular Docking Simulation
• Signal Transduction/drug effects
• Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
• Animals

• Portulaca oleracea L.
• gut microbiota
• immunoregulation
• intestinal barrier
• ulcerative colitis

• Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
• Humans
• Portulaca/chemistry
• Animals
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
• Plant Extracts/pharmacology
• Plant Extracts/chemistry

• the National Natural Science Foundation of China
• the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation
• the scientific research Project Plan of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission
• the XingLin Scholar Program of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
• the Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation Program of LongHua

• cancer
• diabetes
• isoflavones
• peptides
• pinitol
• soybean
• therapeutic

• Anti-inflammatory
• Colitis
• Gastritis
• Natural active compounds
• Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
• Portulaca oleracea L. (POL)

• Animals
• Humans
• Medicine, Chinese Traditional
• Phytotherapy
• Portulaca/chemistry
• Kaempferols
• Quercetin
• Melatonin
• Apigenin
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
• Genistein
• Luteolin
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
• Liver Neoplasms
• Colitis
• Inflammation
• Gastritis

• cytokines
• immunity
• immunomodulators
• inflammatory mediators
• phytochemicals

• Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
• Cytokines
• Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
• Immunity, Humoral
• Immune System

• Acetic acid
• Genistein
• JAK/STAT
• Sulfasalazine
• Ulcerative colitis

• ELISA
• chicken feather
• genistein
• hydrogel
• keratin
• qRT-PCR
• wound healing

• RSPD2023R734 Researchers Supporting Project no. RSPD2023R734, Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

• biological functions
• colorectal cancer
• enteritis
• inflammatory bowel disease
• polyphenols

• 2023-ZZ-119 Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation

• TNBS-induced colitis
• anti-inflammatory effect
• experimental colitis model
• inflammatory bowel disease
• topiramate

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
• Colitis/chemically induced
• Colitis/drug therapy
• Colitis/pathology
• Colon/pathology
• Cytokines/metabolism
• Disease Models, Animal
• Female
• Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
• Mice
• Topiramate/therapeutic use
• Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid/adverse effects
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism

• Fermented soybean
• Health-promoting components
• High-salt fermented soy sauce
• High-salt fermented soybean curd
• High-salt fermented soybean pastes
• Short-term fermented soybean pastes

• 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid
• Antioxidants/pharmacology
• Fermented Foods
• Isoflavones
• Peptides
• Glycine max/chemistry

• colitis
• immunohistochemistry
• inflammatory markers
• nano-therapy
• oxidative stress
• quercetin-loaded nanoparticles

• berberine hydrochloride
• chitosan
• mucus-penetrating
• oral colon-targeted drug delivery system
• ulcerative colitis

TLR4/NF-κB is a key inflammatory signaling transduction pathway, closely involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory response. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), the first mammalian TLR to be characterized, is the innate immune receptor that plays a key role in inflammatory signal transductions. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the TLR4 downstream, is the key to accounting for the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans is a chronic inflammatory disease with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. Targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective strategy to alleviate intestinal inflammation. Polyphenol phytochemicals have shown noticeable alleviative effects by acting on the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal inflammation. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of more than 20 kinds of polyphenols on intestinal inflammation via targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. We expected that polyphenol phytochemicals targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective approach to treat IBD in future clinical research applications.

• TNBS-induced colitis
• chronic animal model
• inflammatory bowel disease

• Botanical
• Diabetes
• Inflammation
• Islet
• Obesity

• caffeic acid
• chlorogenic acid
• ellagic acid
• genistein
• inflammation
• polyphenols
• silymarin

• IBD
• colitis
• estrogen
• estrogen receptor
• inflammation

Isoflurane, a widely used anesthetic in surgery, has been found to induce neurotoxicity. In parallel, genistein is thought to attenuate isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity, although underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we studied the protective effects of genistein on isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation in rats and BV2 cells.

Sprague-Dawley rat pups were exposed to 0.75% isoflurane for 6 hours at postnatal day 7 (P7), and genistein (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day) or saline administered from P3 to P15. Hippocampal single-cell suspensions were prepared and apoptosis analyzed by flow cytometry. mRNA expression was determined by RT-qPCR, while protein expression was assessed using Western blot, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence. TLR4 was knocked-out in BV2 cells through CRISPR-Cas9.

Genistein treatment reduced isoflurane-induced apoptosis and inflammation in rat hippocampus. Importantly, genistein promoted M2 and suppressed M1 microglia polarization in rat hippocampus after stimulation with isoflurane. In addition, genistein reduced isoflurane-induced protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-ERK, p-IκBα and p-NF-κB in rat hippocampus. In BV2 cells exposed to isoflurane, genistein treatment decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expressions, promoted M2 and suppressed M1 microglia polarization. Similarly, genistein also decreased TLR4 protein levels in isoflurane-induced BV2 cells. However, genistein did not affect CD16, iNOS, CD206 and Arg1 protein levels in TLR4-KO BV2 cells exposed to isoflurane.

Genistein attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting TLR4-mediated microglial inflammation in vivo and in vitro.

• TLR4
• genistein
• isoflurane
• neurotoxicity

• Acute colitis
• Aqueous extract
• Cytokines
• DSS
• Mucus
• NO
• Pistacia lentiscus

• Gochujang
• anti-inflammation
• dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)
• microbiota

Environmental factors, particularly diet, are considered central to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In particular, the Westernization of diet, characterized by high intake of animal protein, saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates, has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of IBD. During the last decade, soybean, as well as soy-derived bioactive compounds (e.g., isoflavones, phytosterols, Bowman-Birk inhibitors) have been increasingly investigated because of their anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of IBD. Herein we provide a scoping review of the most studied disease mechanisms associated with disease induction and progression in IBD rodent models after feeding of either the whole food or a bioactive present in soybean.

• Crohn’s disease
• bioactive compound
• inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease
• isoflavone
• isoflavones
• plant-based
• western diet

• DK055812 NIH HHS
• DK091222 NIH HHS
• DK097948 NIH HHS
• T32DK083251 NIH HHS
• F32DK117585 NIH HHS
• 1P30DK097948 NIH HHS

• Inflammatory bowel disease
• immune regulation
• macrophage polarization
• targeted therapy

Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are nowadays the principal cause of death, especially in most industrialized nations. These illnesses have increased exponentially with the consumption of diets very high in fat and sugar, not to mention stress and physical inactivity among other factors. The potential impact of suboptimal diets on NCDs’ morbidity and mortality rates brings to the forefront the necessity for a new way of improving dietary habits. The literature provides extensive scientific work that presents evidence that phenolic compounds from diets have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities that impact human health. Gut microbiota modulation by some phenolic compounds leads to favorable changes in abundance, diversity, and in the immune system. However, polyphenol’s limited bioavailability needs to be overcome, highlighting their application in new delivery systems and providing their health benefits in well-established ways such as health maintenance, treatment or adjuvant to conventional pharmacological treatments. In this context, novel dietary approaches, including new food supplements, have emerged to prevent diseases and preserve health.

• colitis
• diet
• health systems
• inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease
• microbiota
• nanoencapsulation
• nutrition
• phenolic compounds
• rheumatoid arthritis

• Colitis
• ERα
• Inflammation
• NLRP3 inflammasome
• Soy isoflavones

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
• Colitis/drug therapy
• Colitis/genetics
• Colitis/immunology
• Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
• Estrogen Receptor alpha/immunology
• Humans
• Inflammasomes/drug effects
• Inflammasomes/genetics
• Inflammasomes/immunology
• Interleukin-18/genetics
• Interleukin-18/immunology
• Interleukin-1beta/genetics
• Interleukin-1beta/immunology
• Isoflavones/administration & dosage
• Male
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics
• NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology
• Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
• Glycine max/chemistry

• Acacia saligna
• inflammation
• metabolomics
• nano-extract
• ulcerative colitis

• RSP-2020/173 King Saud University

Isoflavones constitute a class of plant hormones including genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin, biochanin A, and irilone, and the major source of human intake is soybeans. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and indeterminate colitis, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and has become a global health problem. Although the pathogenesis of IBD is not very clear, many factors are thought to be related to the occurrence and development of IBD such as genes, immunity, and intestinal flora. How to control IBD effectively for a long time is still a problem for gastroenterologists. Diet has an important effect on IBD. Patients with IBD should pay more attention to diet. To date, many studies have reported that isoflavones have both good and bad effects on IBD. Isoflavones have many activities such as regulating the inflammatory signal pathways and affecting intestinal barrier functions and gut flora. They can also act through estrogen receptors, as they have a similar structure to estrogen. Isoflavones are easy to get from diet for human. Whether they are valuable to be applied to the treatment of IBD is worth studying. This review summarizes the relationship between isoflavones and IBD.

• Isoflavone
• Metabolism
• Effects
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Structure
• Treatment

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immuno-inflammation in gastrointestinal tract. We have evaluated the activity of the compounds to inhibit the adhesion of monocytes to colon epithelial cells is triggered by a pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The in vitro activity of the compounds, 13b (an ureido-derivative), 14c, 14j, 14k, 14n (thioureido-), 18c and 18d (sulfonamido-), was in correlation with in vivo anti-colitis activity revealed as significant recovery in body- and colon-weights and colon myeloperoxidase level, a biochemical marker of inflammation reflecting neutrophil infiltration. In vivo, TNBS-induced changes in the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TGF-β), NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP-3, Caspase-1, and IL-18), and epithelial junction molecules (E-cadherin, claudin2/3, and ZO-1) were blocked and recovered by oral administration of the compounds (1 mg/kg). Compound 14n which showed the best efficacy can be a promising lead for orally available therapeutics for pathology of IBD.

• Pyridin-3-ols
• TNF-α
• adhesion
• epithelial junction
• inflammatory bowel disease

Conjugation of genistein and dietary oils improves the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of genistein on colitis in rats.

• Apoptosis
• Genistein
• Inflammatory cytokines
• Intestinal barrier
• Tight junction protein

• daidzein
• fecal mucus
• isoflavones
• remission
• ulcerative colitis

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Colitis, Ulcerative/complications
• Colitis, Ulcerative/ethnology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diet
• Feces/chemistry
• Feeding Behavior
• Female
• Genistein/pharmacology
• Humans
• Isoflavones/pharmacology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Mucus/metabolism
• Plant Extracts/pharmacology
• Poland
• Self Report
• Glycine max/chemistry
• Suppuration
• White People
• Young Adult

• Genistein
• NLRP3 inflammasome
• TGR5
• Ulcerative colitis

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
• Colitis/chemically induced
• Colitis/drug therapy
• Cyclic AMP/metabolism
• Disease Models, Animal
• Genistein/therapeutic use
• Humans
• Inflammasomes/metabolism
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy
• Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
• Male
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
• Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
• Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
• Signal Transduction
• THP-1 Cells
• U937 Cells

• Amaranthaceae
• anti-inflammation
• triterpenoids

• Amaranthaceae/chemistry
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
• Caco-2 Cells
• Humans
• Plant Roots/chemistry
• Triterpenes/chemistry
• Triterpenes/pharmacology

This study aimed at exploring the role of a Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) in pancreatic damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice.

• Diet/methods
• Diet, Western/adverse effects
• Humans
• Incidence
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diet therapy
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology
• Isoflavones/therapeutic use
• Life Style
• Phytochemicals/therapeutic use
• Quality of Life
• Glycine max/chemistry

Mucosal changes in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are characterized by a prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, macrophages, T cells and neutrophils. The precise etiology of IBD is unknown but it involves a complex interplay of factors associated with the immune system, environment, host genotype and enteric commensal bacteria. As there is no known safe cure for IBD, natural alternative therapeutic options without side effects are urgently needed. To this end, Soy-based foods, which have been eaten for centuries in Asian countries, have potential benefits, including lowering the incidence of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, type-2 diabetes, allergic response, and autoimmune diseases. This study describes the effect of Soy isoflavons 4', 5, 7 Trihydroxyisoflavone (genistein) on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced experimental colitis. The extent and severity of disease was analyzed through body weight, histopathological analysis, cellular immune response, systemic cytokine levels, and inflammation score using a disease activity index. Genistein treatment significantly attenuated DSS-induced colitis severity and resulted in increase in body weight, colon length and reduction in inflammation score. Genistein also skews M1 macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. Further, gen also reduced the systemic cytokine levels as compared to vehicle control. This serves as the first detailed study towards natural soya based product that shows the polarization of M1 towards M2 macrophages, and reduction of systemic cytokine in part to attenuate the colitis symptoms. Thus, our work demonstrates that genistein, a soya compound, may be useful for the treatment of IBD.

• Animals
• Colitis/drug therapy
• Colitis/etiology
• Colitis/metabolism
• Colitis/pathology
• Cytokines/metabolism
• Disease Models, Animal
• Female
• Genistein/pharmacology
• Immunophenotyping
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology
• Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
• Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
• Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
• Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
• Macrophage Activation/drug effects
• Macrophage Activation/immunology
• Macrophages/drug effects
• Macrophages/physiology
• Mice
• Phenotype
• Severity of Illness Index
• T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
• T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
• T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism

• P01 AT003961 NCCIH NIH HHS
• P20 GM103641 NIGMS NIH HHS
• R01 AI123947 NIAID NIH HHS
• R56 DK087836 NIDDK NIH HHS
• Center for Scientific Review
• National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

• Crohn’s disease (CD)
• Disease activity
• ERβ/ERα ratio
• Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ)
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Area Under Curve
• Biomarkers/blood
• Colitis, Ulcerative/blood
• Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis
• Crohn Disease/blood
• Crohn Disease/diagnosis
• Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
• Estrogen Receptor alpha/blood
• Estrogen Receptor beta/blood
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Predictive Value of Tests
• ROC Curve
• Retrospective Studies
• Severity of Illness Index
• Young Adult

To analyse the association between isoflavone intake and ulcerative colitis motility symptoms in individuals in remission.

Cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of ulcerative colitis remission individuals, in sub-groups characterised by various intestinal motility and functioning characteristics (abdominal pain, flatulence, constipations, tenesmus). Total of 56 individuals with ulcerative colitis in remission (19 males and 37 females) were recruited for the study. Assessment of diet was based on self-reported data from each patient’s dietary records taken over a period of three typical, random days (2 weekdays and 1 d of the weekend). The daily isoflavone intake (daidzein, genistein, glycitein and total isoflavones) and daily isoflavone intake per 1000 kcal of diet were assessed.

No correlations between isoflavone intake levels and number of bowel movements per day were observed both in the case of intake and intake per 1000 kcal of diet. In the group of individuals declaring lack of abdominal pain, the higher intakes of daidzein (P = 0.0075), daidzein per 1000 kcal of diet (P = 0.0358) and total isoflavone (P = 0.0358) were stated, than in the group of individuals declaring abdominal pain. In the group of individuals declaring lack of constipations, the lower intakes of glycitein (P = 0.0213) and glycitein per 1000 kcal of diet (P = 0.0213) were stated, than in the group of individuals declaring presence of constipations. No differences were observed in isoflavone intake between groups of ulcerative colitis individuals declaring lack of flatulence and declaring presence of flatulence, as well as between groups declaring lack of tenesmus and declaring presence of tenesmus.

The moderate dietary isoflavone intake may be beneficial for individuals with ulcerative colitis in remission, however, before including it into recommendations, further prospective studies are needed.

• Abdominal pain
• Constipations ulcerative colitis
• Daidzein
• Genistein
• Glycitein
• Isoflavone

• Abdominal Pain/diet therapy
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Colitis, Ulcerative/diet therapy
• Constipation/diet therapy
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diet Surveys/statistics & numerical data
• Diet Therapy/methods
• Diet Therapy/standards
• Female
• Flatulence/diet therapy
• Gastrointestinal Motility
• Humans
• Isoflavones/therapeutic use
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Practice Guidelines as Topic
• Quality of Life
• Self Report
• Young Adult

• Colon cancer
• Crohn’s disease
• Estradiol
• Estrogen receptor beta
• Inflammation

The inflammatory process plays a central role in the development and progression of numerous pathological situations, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disorders. IBDs involve inflammation of the gastrointestinal area and mainly comprise Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both pathological situations usually involve recurring or bloody diarrhea, pain, fatigue and weight loss. There is at present no pharmacological cure for CD or UC. However, surgery may be curative for UC patients. The prescribed treatment aims to ameliorate the symptoms and prevent and/or delay new painful episodes. Flavonoid compounds are a large family of hydroxylated polyphenolic molecules abundant in plants, including vegetables and fruits which are the major dietary sources of these compounds for humans, together with wine and tea. Flavonoids are becoming very popular because they have many health-promoting and disease-preventive effects. Most interest has been directed towards the antioxidant activity of flavonoids, evidencing a remarkable free-radical scavenging capacity. However, accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have many other biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities through different mechanisms of action. The present review analyzes the available data about the different types of flavonoids and their potential effectiveness as adjuvant therapy of IBDs.

• Antioxidant
• Inflammation
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Flavonoids
• Polyphenols

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
• Clinical Trials as Topic
• Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
• Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
• Colon/drug effects
• Colon/pathology
• Crohn Disease/drug therapy
• Crohn Disease/pathology
• Disease Models, Animal
• Flavonoids/pharmacology
• Flavonoids/therapeutic use
• Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
• Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
• Treatment Outcome

• Animals
• Antioxidants/metabolism
• Cell Survival/drug effects
• Cytokines/metabolism
• Inflammation/drug therapy
• Inflammation/pathology
• Juglandaceae/chemistry
• Lipopolysaccharides
• Liver/drug effects
• Liver/physiopathology
• Macrophages/drug effects
• Macrophages/metabolism
• Macrophages/pathology
• Malondialdehyde/metabolism
• Mice
• Models, Biological
• Molecular Weight
• Nitric Oxide/metabolism
• Oxidative Stress/drug effects
• Phagocytosis/drug effects
• Polysaccharides/chemistry
• Polysaccharides/pharmacology
• Polysaccharides/therapeutic use
• RAW 264.7 Cells
• Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
• Sulfates/chemistry
• Sulfates/pharmacology
• Sulfates/therapeutic use
• Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
• Viscera/drug effects
• Viscera/pathology

• Dietary supplementation
• Fermented foods
• Food supplements
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Intestinal bowel disease
• Intestinal microbiota