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Bruellman R, Pahlen S, Ellingson JM, Corley RP, Wadsworth SJ, Reynolds CA. A twin-driven analysis on early aging biomarkers and associations with sitting-time and physical activity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308660. [PMID: 39259714 PMCID: PMC11389938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current physical activity guidelines may be insufficient to address health consequences in a world increasing in sedentary behavior. Physical activity is a key lifestyle factor to promote healthy aging, but few studies examine activity in conjunction with sitting. We examine how activity intensity and sitting behavior influence health and the extent to which physical activity might counter sitting. METHODS We analyzed data from the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife) in adults aged 28-49 years (M = 33.16, SD = 4.93). We fit a linear mixed-effect model for body mass index (BMI) and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (TC/HDL). Leveraging the co-twin control approach, we explore the trade-off between sitting and physical activity. RESULTS Across established adulthood, TC/HDL and BMI demonstrated increasing age trends with prolonged sitting and vigorous activity inversely associated. Moreover, after considering sitting time, we found an age-equivalent benefit of vigorous exercise where those performing 30 minutes daily had expected TC/HDL and BMI estimates that mirrored sedentary individuals 5 and 10 years younger, respectively. Co-twin control analysis suggests partial exposure effects for TC/HDL, indicating greater vigorous activity may counter sitting-health effects but with diminishing returns. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the counteracting influence of prolonged sitting and physical activity on indicators of cardiovascular and metabolic health. A compensating role of vigorous activity on sitting health links is indicated while reducing sitting time appears paramount. Public health initiatives should consider sitting and vigorous activity in tandem in guidelines to promote health maintenance and combat accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bruellman
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jarrod M. Ellingson
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robin P. Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sally J. Wadsworth
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Chandra A. Reynolds
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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Sun X, Du T. Trends in weight change patterns across life course among US adults, 1988-2018: population-based study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2168. [PMID: 37932673 PMCID: PMC10626664 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine trends in weight change patterns from young adulthood through midlife to late adulthood and their sex and racial/ethnic disparities among US adults from 1988 to 2018. METHODS A total of 48,969 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 and 2001-2018 were included. RESULTS The age-adjusted prevalence of stable non-obesity between young adulthood and midlife declined significantly from 84.1% (95 CI, 82.9-85.3%) in 1988-1994 to 68.7% (67.1-70.2%) in 2013-2018, and between midlife and late adulthood from 71.2% (69.2-73.1%) to 52.4% (50.5-54.2%). The magnitude of increase in the prevalence of weight gain from young adulthood to midlife (from 10.8% [9.9-11.6%] in 1988-1994 to 21.2% [20-22.3%] in 2013-2018; P < 0.001 for trend) was greater than that from midlife to late adulthood (from 14.1% [12.9-15.3%] to 17.2% [16.2-18.1%]; P = 0.002 for trend). The magnitude of increase in the prevalence of stable obesity from young adulthood to midlife (from 3.9% [3.1-4.8%] in 1988-1994 to 9.2% [8.2-10.3%] in 2013-2018; P < 0.001 for trend) was smaller than that from midlife to late adulthood (from 11.2% [10.1-12.2%] to 24.8% [23.3-26.3%]; P < 0.001 for trend). The declining trends in the prevalence of stable non-obesity and increasing trends in the prevalence of weight gain and stable obesity from young adulthood through midlife to late adulthood were also observed for all sex and race/ethnicity subgroups. The magnitude of decrease in the prevalence of stable non-obesity, and the magnitude of increase in the prevalence of weight gain from young adulthood through midlife to late adulthood were greater in men than in women (all P for interaction < 0.01). Weight gain patterns for those aged ≥ 65 years were substantially different from the younger age groups. CONCLUSIONS More young people born in later years are encountering obesity and accumulate greater obesity exposure across their lives than young people born in earlier years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Weight Change across Adulthood in Relation to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Non-Obese Individuals. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102140. [PMID: 35631281 PMCID: PMC9144793 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the associations of weight change patterns across adulthood with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 cycle, we performed a retrospective cohort study with 2212 non-obese participants aged 36 years old over. Weight change patterns were categorized as “stable non-obese”, “early adulthood weight gain”, “middle and late adulthood weight gain” and “revert to non-obese” according to the body mass index (BMI) at age 25, 10 years prior and at baseline. Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) was performed to diagnose NAFLD. Modified Poisson regression was used to quantify the associations of weight change patterns with NAFLD. Results: Compared with participants in the “stable non-obese” group, those who gained weight at early or middle and late adulthood had an increased risk of NAFLD, with an adjusted rate ratio (RR) of 2.19 (95% CI 1.64–2.91) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.40–2.62), respectively. The risk of NAFLD in “revert to the non-obese” group showed no significant difference with the stable non-obese group. If the association of weight change and NAFLD was causal, we estimated that 73.09% (95% CI 55.62–82.93%) of incident NAFLD would be prevented if the total population had a normal BMI across adulthood. Conclusions: Weight gain to obese at early or middle and late adulthood was associated with an evaluated risk of NAFLD. A large proportion would have been prevented with effective weight intervention.
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Xu M, Qi Y, Chen G, Qin Y, Wu S, Wang T, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Li M, Chen L, Chen L, Chen Y, Deng H, Gao Z, Huo Y, Li Q, Liu C, Luo Z, Mu Y, Qin G, Shen F, Shi L, Su Q, Wan Q, Wang G, Wang S, Wang Y, Hu R, Xu Y, Yan L, Yang T, Yu X, Zhang Y, Zeng T, Tang X, Ye Z, Zhao J, Bi Y, Ning G, Lu J, Wang W. The Relative Body Weight Gain From Early to Middle Life Adulthood Associated With Later Life Risk of Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:927067. [PMID: 35928888 PMCID: PMC9343618 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.927067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of decade-based body weight gain from 20 to 50 years of age on later life diabetes risk. METHODS 35,611 non-diabetic participants aged ≥ 50 years from a well-defined nationwide cohort were followed up for average of 3.6 years, with cardiovascular diseases and cancers at baseline were excluded. Body weight at 20, 30, 40, and 50 years was reported. The overall 30 years and each 10-year weight gain were calculated from the early and middle life. Cox regression models were used to estimate risks of incident diabetes. RESULTS After 127,745.26 person-years of follow-up, 2,789 incident diabetes were identified (incidence rate, 2.18%) in 25,289 women (mean weight gain 20-50 years, 7.60 kg) and 10,322 men (7.93 kg). Each 10-kg weight gain over the 30 years was significantly associated with a 39.7% increased risk of incident diabetes (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-1.47); weight gain from 20-30 years showed a more prominent effect on the risk of developing diabetes before 60 years than that of after 60 years (Hazard ratio, HR = 1.084, 95% CI [1.049-1.121], P <0.0001 vs. 1.015 [0.975-1.056], P = 0.4643; PInteraction=0.0293). It showed a stable effect of the three 10-year intervals weight gain on risk of diabetes after 60 years (HR=1.055, 1.038, 1.043, respectively, all P < 0.0036). CONCLUSIONS The early life weight gain showed a more prominent effect on developing diabetes before 60 years than after 60 years; however, each-decade weight gain from 20 to 50 years showed a similar effect on risk developing diabetes after 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shengli Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Karamay Municipal People’s Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huacong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Yanan Huo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feixia Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youmin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruying Hu
- Institute of Chronic Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Clinical Trials Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinfei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital of Shanghai Jiading District, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Institute of Chronic Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiqing Wang, ; Jieli Lu, ; Guang Ning,
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiqing Wang, ; Jieli Lu, ; Guang Ning,
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiqing Wang, ; Jieli Lu, ; Guang Ning,
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Kim YJ, Lee YH, Lee YJ, Kim KJ, Kim SG. Weight Gain Predicts Metabolic Syndrome among North Korean Refugees in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168479. [PMID: 34444226 PMCID: PMC8394171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional studies showed that immigrants from low-income to high-income countries have higher risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated the association between weight gain during the resettlement in South Korea and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among North Korean refugees (NKRs) in this cross-sectional study. In total, 932 NKRs aged 20-80 years in South Korea voluntarily underwent health examination from 2008 to 2017. We compared the risk of MetS and its components between the weight gain group (gained ≥5 kg) and the non-weight gain group (gained <5 kg, maintained or lost body weight) during resettlement in South Korea after defection from North Korea. Multiple logistic regression analysis predicted odds ratio of MetS on the basis of weight change, adjusting for covariates and current body mass index (BMI). We also evaluated the difference in body composition of NKRs between two groups. The prevalence of MetS in the weight gain group was 26%, compared to 10% in the non-weight gain group (p-value < 0.001). The weight gain group had a two-fold higher risk of MetS than the non-weight gain group after adjusting for current BMI (odds ratio 1.875, p-value = 0.045). The prevalence of central obesity, impaired fasting glucose, elevated blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia were higher in the weight gain group than the non-weight gain group (36% vs. 12%, p-value < 0.001; 32% vs. 19%, p-value < 0.001; 34 vs. 25%, p-value = 0.008; 19% vs. 13%, p-value = 0.025, respectively). The analysis of body composition showed that the percentage of body fat in the weight gain group was higher than in the non-weight gain group, indicating increased fat mass rather than muscle mass in the weight gain group as their body weight increased during resettlement (33.4 ± 6.53% vs. 28.88 ± 7.40%, p < 0.005). Excess weight gain after defection from North Korea increased the risk of MetS among NKRs in South Korea. It is necessary to monitor weight change among NKRs and their effect on their metabolic health in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea;
| | - Yo Han Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Ajou University, Suwon 16500, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16500, Korea
- Ajou Institute of Korean Unification and Health Care, Suwon 16500, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Anyang Sam Hospital, Anyang 14030, Korea;
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Rehkopf DH, Duong A, Dow WH, Rosero-Bixby L. Life-course BMI and biomarkers in persons aged 60 years or older: a comparison of the USA and Costa Rica. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:314-323. [PMID: 30306887 PMCID: PMC6351185 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018002276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a large literature linking current BMI to levels of cardiovascular risk biomarkers, but it is unknown whether measures of BMI earlier in the life course and maximum BMI are predictive of current levels of biomarkers. The objective of the current study was to determine how current, maximum and age-25 BMI among individuals over the age of 60 years are associated with their current levels of cardiovascular risk biomarkers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study with retrospective recall. SETTING Costa Rica (n 821) and the USA (n 4110). SUBJECTS Nationally representative samples of adults aged 60 years or over. RESULTS We used regression models to examine the relationship between multiple meaures of BMI with four established cardiovascular risk biomarkers. The most consistent predictor of current levels of systolic blood pressure, TAG and HDL-cholesterol was current BMI. However, maximum BMI was the strongest predictor of glycosylated Hb (HbA1c) and was also related to HDL-cholesterol and TAG. HbA1c was independent of current BMI. We found that these relationships are consistent between Costa Rica and the USA for HbA1c and for HDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Current levels of cardiovascular risk biomarkers are not only the product of current levels of BMI, but also of maximum lifetime BMI, particularly for levels of HbA1c and for HDL-cholesterol. Managing maximum obtained BMI over the life course may be most critical for maintaining the healthiest levels of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Rehkopf
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, 1070 Arastradero Road, Room 280, Palo Alto, CA94304, USA
| | - Andrew Duong
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, 1070 Arastradero Road, Room 280, Palo Alto, CA94304, USA
| | - William H Dow
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luis Rosero-Bixby
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro Centroamericano de Poblacion, Costa Rica
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Petimar J, Tabung FK, Valeri L, Rosner B, Chan AT, Smith-Warner SA, Giovannucci EL. Mediation of associations between adiposity and colorectal cancer risk by inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2945-2953. [PMID: 30521066 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and hyperinsulinemia may drive associations between adiposity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but few studies have examined this hypothesis using mediation analysis. We used inverse odds ratio weighting and logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for estimated total effects (ORTE ) of body mass index, waist circumference, and adult weight gain on CRC risk, and estimated effects operating through seven inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers (natural indirect effect; ORNIE ) or through paths independent of these biomarkers (natural direct effect; ORNDE ) among 209 CRC cases and 382 matched controls nested within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a prospective cohort of male health professionals. A one-interquartile range (IQR) increase in body mass index (3.6 kg/m2 ) was associated with an ORTE of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.73), which decomposed into an ORNIE of 1.26 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.52) and an ORNDE of 1.11 (0.87, 1.42), with possibly stronger mediation by these biomarkers for adult weight gain (IQR = 10.4 kg; ORTE = 1.32 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.64]; ORNIE = 1.47 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.81]; ORNDE = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.72, 1.11]), but no mediation for waist circumference. Mediation appeared to be stronger for the metabolic biomarkers than the inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms may mediate associations between both body mass index and adult weight gain with CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Petimar
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Psychiatric Biostatistics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA.,Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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VanWagner LB, Khan SS, Ning H, Siddique J, Lewis CE, Carr JJ, Vos MB, Speliotes E, Terrault NA, Rinella ME, Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB. Body mass index trajectories in young adulthood predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in middle age: The CARDIA cohort study. Liver Int 2018; 38:706-714. [PMID: 28963767 PMCID: PMC5867197 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an epidemic. Identifying modifiable risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development is essential to design effective prevention programmes. We tested whether 25-year patterns of body mass index change are associated with midlife non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS In all, 4423 participants from Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, a prospective population-based biracial cohort (age 18-30), underwent body mass index measurement at baseline (1985-1986) and 3 or more times over 25 years. At Year 25, 3115 had liver fat assessed by non-contrast computed tomography. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was defined as liver attenuation ≤40 Hounsfield Units after exclusions. Latent mixture modelling identified 25-year trajectories in body mass index per cent change (%Δ) from baseline. RESULTS We identified four distinct trajectories of BMI%Δ: stable (26.2% of cohort, 25-year BMI %Δ = 3.1%), moderate increase (46.0%, BMI%Δ = 21.7%), high increase (20.9%, BMI%Δ = 41.9%) and extreme increase (6.9%, BMI%Δ = 65.9%). Y25 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence was higher in groups with greater BMI %Δ: 4.1%, 9.3%, 13.0%, and 17.6%, respectively (P-trend <.0001). In multivariable analyses, participants with increasing BMI%Δ had increasingly greater odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to the stable group: OR: 3.35 (95% CI: 2.07-5.42), 7.80 (4.60-13.23) and 12.68 (6.68-24.09) for moderate, high and extreme body mass index increase, respectively. Associations were only moderately attenuated when adjusted for baseline or Y25 body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of weight gain during young adulthood are associated with greater non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence in midlife independent of metabolic covariates and baseline or concurrent body mass index highlighting the importance of weight maintenance throughout adulthood as a target for primary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. VanWagner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Sadiya S. Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Hongyan Ning
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Juned Siddique
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Miriam B. Vos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University
| | | | - Norah A. Terrault
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of California at San Francisco
| | - Mary E. Rinella
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Norrina B. Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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9
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Schlesinger S, Aleksandrova K, Abar L, Vieria AR, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, Stevens CAT, Greenwood DC, Chan DSM, Aune D, Norat T. Adult weight gain and colorectal adenomas-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1217-1229. [PMID: 28327995 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal adenomas are known as precursors for the majority of colorectal carcinomas. While weight gain during adulthood has been identified as a risk factor for colorectal cancer, the association is less clear for colorectal adenomas. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the evidence on this association. Methods We searched Medline up to September 2016 to identify observational (prospective, cross-sectional and retrospective) studies on weight gain during adulthood and colorectal adenoma occurrence and recurrence. We conducted meta-analysis on high weight gain versus stable weight, linear and non-linear dose-response meta-analyses to analyze the association. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random effects model. Results For colorectal adenoma occurrence, the summary OR was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.17-1.65; I2: 43%, N = 9 studies, cases = 5507) comparing high (midpoint: 17.4 kg) versus stable weight gain during adulthood and with each 5 kg weight gain the odds increased by 7% (2%-11%; I2: 65%, N = 7 studies). Although there was indication of non-linearity (Pnon-linearity < 0.001) there was an increased odds of colorectal adenoma throughout the whole range of weight gain. Three studies were identified investigating the association between weight gain and colorectal adenoma recurrence and data were limited to draw firm conclusions. Conclusions Even a small amount of adult weight gain was related to a higher odds of colorectal adenoma occurrence. Our findings add to the benefits of weight control in adulthood regarding colorectal adenoma occurrence, which might be relevant for early prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schlesinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Junior Research Group Systematic Reviews, Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf
| | - K Aleksandrova
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - L Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A R Vieria
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Vingeliene
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Polemiti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C A T Stevens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D C Greenwood
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D S M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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10
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Aleksandrova K, Schlesinger S, Fedirko V, Jenab M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Freisling H, Romieu I, Pischon T, Kaaks R, Gunter MJ, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Agnoli C, Mattiello A, Bradbury K, Khaw KT, Riboli E, Boeing H. Metabolic Mediators of the Association Between Adult Weight Gain and Colorectal Cancer: Data From the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:751-764. [PMID: 28387787 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that gaining weight in adult life is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer; however, biological mechanisms that may explain this association remain unclear. We evaluated the mediation effect of 20 different biomarkers on the relationship between adult weight gain and colorectal cancer, using data from a prospective nested case-control study of 452 incident cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2003 and matched within risk sets to 452 controls within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The proportions of mediated effects (%) were estimated on the basis of differences in percent effect changes in conditional logistic regression models with and without additional adjustment for individual biomarkers. Greater adult weight gain (≥300 g/year vs. <300 g/year) was associated with a higher risk of colon cancer (multivariable-adjusted relative risk = 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.24) but not rectal cancer (relative risk = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 1.66). This association was accounted for mostly by attained waist circumference (reduction of 61%) and by the biomarkers soluble leptin receptor (reduction of 43%) and glycated hemoglobin (reduction of 28%). These novel data suggest that the observed association between adult weight gain and colon cancer could be primarily explained by attained abdominal fatness and biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction.
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11
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Kim YJ, Lee YH, Lee YJ, Kim KJ, An JH, Kim NH, Kim HY, Choi DS, Kim SG. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related factors among North Korean refugees in South Korea: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010849. [PMID: 27251685 PMCID: PMC4893935 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its related factors among North Korean refugees (NKR) in South Korea. DESIGN Cross-sectional study conducted using a questionnaire and anthropometric and biochemical data on NKR in South Korea. SETTING Seoul, South Korea. PARTICIPANTS A sample of NKR who voluntarily underwent medical examinations in Anam Hospital of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea (N=708, consisting of 161 males and 547 females). To compare the prevalence of MetS, 1416 age- and gender-matched individuals from the South Korean population (SKP, at a ratio of 1:2 to NKR) were randomly selected from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of MetS and its related factors among NKR in South Korea and comparison with its prevalence among the general SKP. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS among male and female NKR in South Korea was 19.7% and 17.2%, respectively. Although obesity is more prevalent in South than in North Korea, we found no difference in the prevalence of MetS between the female NKR and SKP groups (17.2% vs 16.6%, respectively; p=0.830). As regards the males, the small sample size of the NKR group yielded insufficient evidence of any difference in MetS prevalence between the NKR and SKP groups (19.7% vs 26.2%, respectively; p=0.134). We found that excess weight gain (≥5%) in South Korea was significantly associated with MetS among NKR. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MetS among NKR did not differ from that in the SKP group despite the lower prevalence of obesity in NKR than in the general SKP. The fact that excess weight gain in South Korea was associated with the risk of MetS suggests that public health policy makers should focus on preventing excess weight gain in NKR during resettlement in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Han Lee
- Department of Public Healthcare Services, Seoul Bukbu Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Anyang Sam Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun An
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Seop Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Du S, Wang C, Jiang W, Li C, Li Y, Feng R, Sun C. The impact of body weight gain on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome during earlier and later adulthood. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 116:183-91. [PMID: 27321334 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Body weight gain adds risk for metabolic disorders and there are different metabolic changes in earlier and later adulthood. However, its impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was indeterminate. The aim of current study was to evaluate the impact of body weight gain on NAFLD and metabolic syndrome (MetS) during overall, earlier (25-40y) and later (over 40y) adulthood. METHODS 1119 subjects were selected to calculate changes in body weight (ΔBW), body mass index (BMI) (ΔBMI) and bodyweight per year (ΔBW/y) to analysis their impact on NAFLD and MetS in multi-variable regression models, and explored the potential mediators that associated ΔBMI with NAFLD by mediation analysis. RESULTS ΔBMI, ΔBW and ΔBW/y in whole adulthood were all positively associated with NAFLD and MetS. Body weight gain during earlier adulthood was more strongly associated with NAFLD than those during later adulthood. In NAFLD, the ORs of ΔBMI (third trisection), ΔBW and ΔBW/y were 3.86 (2.25, 6.57), 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) and 2.05 (1.29, 3.24) during earlier adulthood, and 1.47 (1.09, 2.02), 1.02 (1.00, 1.06), and 1.04 (.99, 1.13) over 40y. Insulin and HOMA-IR were important intermediates that associated ΔBMI with NAFLD. ΔBMI in earlier adulthood increased higher insulin and insulin resistance (IR) than later adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Body weight gain in adulthood was positively associated with NAFLD and MetS, and the association was stronger in earlier than later adulthood. Insulin and IR were important mediators that contributed to the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Du
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanchuan Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rennan Feng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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13
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Toga S, Fukkoshi Y, Akamatsu R. Relationship between weight gain and metabolic syndrome in non-obese Japanese adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:63-67. [PMID: 26482963 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effects of weight gain (in kg) on the parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-obese Japanese adults over a period of 1 year. METHOD We analyzed data on 1653 workers in a financial corporation (698 males and 955 females) who may have gained weight during 1 year but nevertheless remained non-obese. Data were collected twice: baseline data were collected between April 2010 and March 2011, and follow-up data were collected the next year. We calculated weight gains over the year and assigned all subjects into one of four groups according to the amount of weight gained: 0-0.99kg weight gain (reference), 1.00-1.99kg, 2.00-2.99kg, and more than 3.00kg. We compared changes in MetS parameters between the reference and other groups using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS Significant between-group differences were evident among males in terms of abdominal circumference (AC), blood pressure, and triglyceride (TG) levels. More weight gain was associated with worse results with regard to these MetS parameters. The AC changes were 0.60, 1.55, 2.86, and 4.42cm in the reference group, those who gained 1.00-1.99kg, those who gained 2.00-2.99kg, and those who gained over 3.00kg, respectively; the differences between the reference group and all other groups were significant (all p values <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Weight gain (in kg) is a useful index of weight change and influences several parameters of MetS even over the course of 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Toga
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, c/o Rie Akamatau, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yuko Fukkoshi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, c/o Rie Akamatau, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Rie Akamatsu
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
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14
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Schlesinger S, Lieb W, Koch M, Fedirko V, Dahm CC, Pischon T, Nöthlings U, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K. Body weight gain and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Obes Rev 2015; 16:607-19. [PMID: 25925734 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the relationship between body mass index as an indicator of excess body weight and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is well established, the association between body weight gain in adulthood and risk of CRC remains unresolved. We quantified this association in a meta-analysis of 12 observational studies published until November 2014 with a total of 16,151 incident CRC cases. Random effect models were used to obtain summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using I(2) statistics. Overall, the summary RR (95% CI) was 1.22 (1.14-1.30) for high body weight gain (midpoint: 15.2 kg) compared with stable weight (P for heterogeneity = 0.182; I(2) = 21.2%). In a dose-response analysis, each 5 kg weight gain was associated with a 4% (95% CI: 2%-5%) higher risk of CRC. The association persisted after adjustment for body weight at younger age and was present for both men and women, as well as for colon and rectal cancer. Differences by sex were detected for colon cancer (P for interaction = 0.003, with higher risk for men than women), but not for rectal cancer (P for interaction = 0.613). In conclusion, these data underscore the importance of body weight management from early adulthood onwards for the prevention of CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schlesinger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - W Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Koch
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - V Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C C Dahm
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - U Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - K Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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15
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Danielsson J, Kangastupa P, Laatikainen T, Aalto M, Niemelä O. Impacts of common factors of life style on serum liver enzymes. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11743-11752. [PMID: 25206278 PMCID: PMC4155364 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the impacts of gender, age and factors of life style (alcohol, overweight, coffee and smoking) on serum liver enzymes.
METHODS: Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured from 6269 apparently healthy individuals (2851 men, 3418 women, mean age 45 ± 12 years, range 25-74 years) in a national cross-sectional health survey. All subjects underwent detailed clinical examinations and interviews including the amount and pattern of alcohol use, coffee consumption and smoking habits.
RESULTS: In this population with a mean ± SD alcohol consumption of 65 ± 105 g/wk and body mass index (BMI) of 26.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2, both ALT and GGT were significantly influenced by alcohol use (P < 0.001) and BMI (P < 0.001), whereas smoking increased only GGT (P < 0.001). A significant effect of age on ALT was seen in men (P < 0.001) whereas not in women. Significant two-factor interactions of alcohol use in men were observed with age (ALT: P < 0.01; GGT: P < 0.001) and BMI (GGT: P < 0.05). For ALT, a significant interaction also occurred between BMI and age (P < 0.005). In contrast, women showed significant interactions of alcohol use with BMI (GGT: P < 0.05), smoking (GGT: P < 0.001), and coffee consumption (GGT: P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Life-style associated changes in liver enzymes may reflect health risks, which should be considered in the definition of normal limits for liver enzymes.
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between long-term weight gain and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-obese and obese subjects. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 3342 participants (1614 men, 1728 women) were obtained from a Specific Medical Checkup and a self-reported questionnaire survey conducted by a health insurance society between April 2009 and March 2010. Subjects were divided into four groups based on body mass index (BMI) and experience of weight gain since the age of 20 years using a self-reported questionnaire: non-obese/non-gain, non-obese/gain, obese/non-gain, and obese/gain. Relationships between weight gain and risk of MetS were investigated using logistic regression analysis, with the four groups as a dependent variable. RESULTS There were 2103 (62.9%) subjects in the non-obese/non-gain, 545 (16.3%) in the non-obese/gain, 125 (3.7%) in the obese/non-gain, and 569 (17.0%) in the obese/gain groups. The obese/gain group showed the highest risk of MetS in men (odds ratio [OR]: 37.45, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 25.32-55.40) and women (OR: 163.13, 95% CI: 56.22-473.32). Even the non-obese/gain group had an increased risk of MetS, in men (OR: 4.98, 95% CI: 3.47-7.15) and women (OR: 6.28, 95% CI: 1.53-25.83). CONCLUSION The data show that the obese/gain group had the highest risk of MetS, and that those who gained weight were at risk of MetS, even the non-obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Japan
| | - Rie Akamatsu
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Japan.
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17
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Aleksandrova K, Pischon T, Buijsse B, May AM, Peeters PH, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Jenab M, Fedirko V, Dahm CC, Siersema PD, Freisling H, Ferrari P, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Naska A, Pala V, Mattiello A, Ohlsson B, Jirström K, Key TJ, Khaw KT, Riboli E, Boeing H. Adult weight change and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3526-36. [PMID: 23867126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Weight change during adult life may reflect metabolic changes and influence colorectal cancer (CRC) development, but such role is not well established. We aimed to explore the association between adult weight change (from age 20 to 50) and CRC risk. In particular, we investigated differences according to colon and rectal cancer, sex and measures of attained adiposity. METHODS We included 201,696 participants from six participating countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (1992-2010). During a mean follow-up of 11.2 years 2384 (1194 in men and 1190 in women) incident CRC cases occurred. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for body mass index at age 20 and lifestyle factors at study recruitment were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, each kg of weight gained annually from age 20 to 50 was associated with a 60% higher risk of colon cancer (95% CI 1.20-2.09), but not rectal cancer (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.79-1.62, P(interaction)=0.04). The higher risk of colon cancer was restricted to people with high attained waist circumference at age 50 (HR 1.82, 95%CI 1.14-2.91, P(interaction)=0.02). Results were not different in men and women (P(interaction)=0.81). CONCLUSION(S) Adult weight gain, as reflected by attained abdominal obesity at age 50, increases colon cancer risk in both men and women. These data underline the importance of weight management and metabolic health maintenance in early adult life years for colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
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18
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Individual and joint impacts of ethanol use, BMI, age and gender on serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels in healthy volunteers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11929-41. [PMID: 23736697 PMCID: PMC3709764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption, obesity and increasing age may all lead to increased serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme, which plays a key role in the metabolism of extracellular reduced glutathione. However, as yet, the interactions between the various modulators of GGT activities have remained poorly defined. We analyzed data from 15,617 apparently healthy individuals (7254 men and 8363 women, mean age 46 ± 13 years, range 25–74 years) who participated in a national cross-sectional health survey in Finland between 1997 and 2007. All subjects underwent detailed clinical examinations and interviews, including the amount of ethanol use and smoking habits. GGT levels were measured from all participants, and the individual and joint impacts of the different study variables on GGT levels were assessed. Significant individual effects were noted for ethanol use (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001) and smoking (p < 0.001). In men, significant two-factor interactions occurred between ethanol use and age (p < 0.020). Among those over 40 years of age, ethanol consumption was found to be a stronger determinant of increased GGT levels than in men below 40 years, whereas in the latter age group, BMI was found to predominate. In women, a significant two-factor interaction occurred between ethanol and BMI (p = 0.010), whereas it did not with ethanol use and age. The data underscores the role of ethanol consumption and age as major determinants of increased GGT levels in men, whereas in women, a relatively stronger impact was noted for ethanol intake and BMI. In light of the ability of GGT enzyme to modulate crucial redox-sensitive functions, the present findings also support the use of GGT as a biomarker of oxidative stress.
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