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Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics for Rectal Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. AORN J 2025; 121:487-491. [PMID: 40432524 DOI: 10.1002/aorn.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
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Lin CY, Pu TW. Colon perforation with severe peritonitis caused by erotic toy insertion and treated using vacuum-assisted closure: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:3548-3554. [PMID: 38983406 PMCID: PMC11229904 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i18.3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal foreign bodies are commonly encountered during surgery. They are frequently observed in men 20 to 90 years of age and have bimodal age distribution. Surgical management is necessary for cases of rectal perforation. However, surgical site infections are the most common complications after colorectal surgery. CASE SUMMARY We discuss a case of rectal perforation in a patient who presented to our hospital 2 d after its occurrence. The perforation occurred as a result of the patient inserting a sex toy in his rectum. Severe peritonitis was attributable to delayed presentation. CONCLUSION Vacuum-assisted closure was performed to treat the wound, which healed well after therapy. No complications were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-You Lin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Pu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 105, Taiwan
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Koskenvuo L, Lunkka P, Varpe P, Hyöty M, Satokari R, Haapamäki C, Lepistö A, Sallinen V. Morbidity After Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics Prior to Rectal Resection: The MOBILE2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg 2024; 159:606-614. [PMID: 38506889 PMCID: PMC10955353 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Importance Surgical site infections (SSIs)-especially anastomotic dehiscence-are major contributors to morbidity and mortality after rectal resection. The role of mechanical and oral antibiotics bowel preparation (MOABP) in preventing complications of rectal resection is currently disputed. Objective To assess whether MOABP reduces overall complications and SSIs after elective rectal resection compared with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) plus placebo. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at 3 university hospitals in Finland between March 18, 2020, and October 10, 2022. Patients aged 18 years and older undergoing elective resection with primary anastomosis of a rectal tumor 15 cm or less from the anal verge on magnetic resonance imaging were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes were analyzed using a modified intention-to-treat principle, which included all patients who were randomly allocated to and underwent elective rectal resection with an anastomosis. Interventions Patients were stratified according to tumor distance from the anal verge and neoadjuvant treatment given and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive MOABP with an oral regimen of neomycin and metronidazole (n = 277) or MBP plus matching placebo tablets (n = 288). All study medications were taken the day before surgery, and all patients received intravenous antibiotics approximately 30 minutes before surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was overall cumulative postoperative complications measured using the Comprehensive Complication Index. Key secondary outcomes were SSI and anastomotic dehiscence within 30 days after surgery. Results In all, 565 patients were included in the analysis, with 288 in the MBP plus placebo group (median [IQR] age, 69 [62-74] years; 190 males [66.0%]) and 277 in the MOABP group (median [IQR] age, 70 [62-75] years; 158 males [57.0%]). Patients in the MOABP group experienced fewer overall postoperative complications (median [IQR] Comprehensive Complication Index, 0 [0-8.66] vs 8.66 [0-20.92]; Wilcoxon effect size, 0.146; P < .001), fewer SSIs (23 patients [8.3%] vs 48 patients [16.7%]; odds ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.27-0.77]), and fewer anastomotic dehiscences (16 patients [5.8%] vs 39 patients [13.5%]; odds ratio, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.21-0.72]) compared with patients in the MBP plus placebo group. Conclusions and Relevance Findings of this randomized clinical trial indicate that MOABP reduced overall postoperative complications as well as rates of SSIs and anastomotic dehiscences in patients undergoing elective rectal resection compared with MBP plus placebo. Based on these findings, MOABP should be considered as standard treatment in patients undergoing elective rectal resection. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04281667.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Koskenvuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pipsa Lunkka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirita Varpe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marja Hyöty
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Haapamäki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Sallinen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Vierra M, Rouhani Ravari M, Soleymani Sardoo F, Shogan BD. Tailored Pre-Operative Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Post-Operative Surgical Site Infections in General Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:99. [PMID: 38275328 PMCID: PMC10812803 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The average American today undergoes three inpatient and two outpatient surgical procedures during one's life, each of which carries with it a risk of post-operative infection. It has long been known that post-operative infections cause significant morbidity in the immediate peri-operative period, but recent evidence suggests that they can have long-term consequences as well, increasing a patient's risk of infectious complications in unrelated surgeries performed months or even years later. While there are several theories on the origin of this association, including bacterial colonization of a post-operative infectious wound site, antimicrobial resistance from curative courses of antibiotics, subclinical immunosuppression, or the creation of an inflammatory "pathobiome" following an infectious insult, it is ultimately still unclear why patients who experience a single post-operative infection seem to be at a significantly higher risk of experiencing subsequent ones. Regardless, this association has significant implications for the routine use of pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis. Indeed, while the prescription of antibiotics pre-operatively has dramatically reduced the rate of post-operative infections, the chosen prophylaxis regimens are typically standardized according to national guidelines, are facing increasing antimicrobial resistance patterns, and have been unable to reduce the risk of post-operative infection to acceptably low levels for certain surgeries. As a result, some clinicians have speculated that tailoring pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis according to a patient's prior infectious and operative history could improve efficacy and further reduce the rate of post-operative infections. The purpose of this review is to describe the evidence for the link between multiple post-operative infections and explore the efficacy of individualized pre-operative prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Vierra
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Mohsen Rouhani Ravari
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.R.R.); (F.S.S.)
| | - Fatemeh Soleymani Sardoo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.R.R.); (F.S.S.)
| | - Benjamin D. Shogan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.R.R.); (F.S.S.)
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Hatharaliyadda B, Schmitz M, Mork A, Osman F, Heise C, Safdar N, Pop-Vicas A. Surgical Site Infection Prevention Using "Strike Teams": The Experience of an Academic Colorectal Surgical Department. J Healthc Qual 2024; 46:22-30. [PMID: 38166163 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Surgical site infections (SSIs) are healthcare-acquired infections with substantial morbidity. Surgical site infection persist because of low adherence to prevention bundles comprising multiple infection control elements. We propose the "Strike Team" as an implementation strategy to improve adherence and reduce SSI in colorectal surgery. At an academic medical center, a multidisciplinary Strike Team met monthly to review colorectal SSI cases, audit and discuss barriers to adherence to SSI prevention bundle, and propose actionable feedback. The latter was shared with frontline clinicians by the Strike Team's surgical leaders in everyday practice. Colorectal SSI rates and bundle adherence data were disseminated quarterly via the hospital intranet and reviewed with surgeons at departmental meetings. Trends in adherence and SSI rates were analyzed by regression analysis using a time series model. While the Strike Team was active, adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis, maintenance of normoglycemia, and standardized intraoperative skin preparation significantly increased (p < .05). There was a trend toward statistically significant reduction in SSI (p = .07), although it was not maintained once the Strike Team activity was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Colorectal SSI prevention requires a resource-intensive, multidisciplinary approach with numerous strategies to improve adherence to infection control bundles, as illustrated by our SSI Strike Team experience.
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Sun H, Jiang H, Jiang ZW, Fang G, Dai ZX, Wang Z, Sun X, Wang W. Analysis of risk factors for surgical site infection after colorectal surgery: a cross-sectional study in the east of China pre-COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1204337. [PMID: 37637824 PMCID: PMC10457116 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1204337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) can prolong the postoperative hospital stay, increase the economic burden of patients, and even endanger their lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and microbiology of SSI after colorectal surgery (CRS) and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of SSI. Methods A single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study of adult patients undergoing CRS was conducted from 2010-2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to collect and analyze demographic information, hospital characteristics, and potential perioperative risk factors of SSI. Results A total of 3,302 eligible patients were included in this study, with 213 cases experiencing SSIs, resulting in an infection rate of 6.45%. Notably, the incidence of SSI decreased from 13.33% in 2010 to 3.56% in 2019 (Ptrend < 0.001). Escherichia coli accounted for the majority of isolated microorganisms (37.09%), with 49 strains exhibiting resistance to one or more antibiotics (35.25%). Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes, anastomosis leakage, wound classification (contaminated/dirty), operation duration, blood loss greater than 200 ml, and NNIS risk index score for 2 or 3 were independent risk factors. Conversely, laparoscopic approach, preoperative bowel preparation and preoperative albumin levels emerged as protective factors against SSI after CRS. Furthermore, compared to non-SSI patients, SSI patients had a significantly higher 30-day mortality rate following surgery (0.23% vs. 2.35%, p < 0.05). Conclusion SSI after CRS was susceptible to many factors, and the pathogen of SSI was mainly Escherichia coli. In clinical practice, measures such as correcting preoperative hypoproteinemia, choosing laparoscopic surgery, preoperative bowel preparation and shortening the duration of surgery should be taken to reduce the incidence of SSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Medical Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Medical Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Jiang
- Medical Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ge Fang
- Medical Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Xiang Dai
- Infection Management Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
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AbdelDayem AM, Nashed GA, Balamoun HA, Mostafa MS. Effectiveness of 3-Day Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Closed Abdominal Incisions in the Prevention of Wound Complications: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 27:1702-1709. [PMID: 37407900 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of negative pressure wound therapy of closed abdominal incisions on wound complications. BACKGROUND Surgical wound complications including surgical site infection complicating open abdominal operations are a burden on the economy. The outcomes of SSI include prolonged hospital stays, adjuvant treatment delay, and incisional hernias leading to a decrease in the quality of life. Prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy has recently been tried with promising results. METHODS A randomized controlled trial involving 140 patients post-laparotomy with primary wound closure was divided into 2 groups (70 patients each). For the first group, NPWT dressings were applied for the first 3 days and then conventional dressings for 4 days after. For the second group, conventional dressings were applied for 7 days. Patients were followed up for SSI, seroma, wound dehiscence, and hospital stay. RESULTS pNPWT was associated with a significantly lower rate of SSI development compared with gauze dressings (3/70 vs. 17/70) (p = 0.001). It also had a significant effect on lowering the incidence of seroma (0/70 vs. 7/70) (p = 0.007) and delayed wound healing (0/70 vs. 8/70) (p = 0.006) and on decreasing days of hospital stay (2.2 ± 0.6 vs. 3.5 ± 1.8) (p <0.00001). No significant difference was observed with regard to hematoma (0/70 vs. 1/70) (p = 0.5) or wound dehiscence (0/70 vs. 2/70) (p = 0.5). No burst abdomens or NPWT complications were recorded in our study. CONCLUSION Three-day NPWT applied to primarily closed incisions is effective in reducing the incidence of SSI, seroma, and delayed wound healing in abdominal operations compared to conventional gauze dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hany Armia Balamoun
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sapci I, Camargo M, Duraes L, Jia X, Hull TL, Ashburn J, Valente MA, Holubar SD, Delaney CP, Gorgun E, Steele SR, Liska D. Effect of Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Surgical Site Infections in High-Risk Reoperative Colorectal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2023; 66:306-313. [PMID: 35358097 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal resections have relatively high rates of surgical site infections causing significant morbidity. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy was introduced to improve wound healing of closed surgical incisions and to prevent surgical site infections. OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of incisional NPWT on superficial surgical site infections in high-risk, open, reoperative colorectal surgery. DESIGN This was a single-center randomized controlled trial conducted between July 2015-October 2020. Patients were randomly assigned to incisional negative pressure wound therapy or standard gauze dressing with a 1:1 ratio. A total of 298 patients were included. SETTINGS This study was conducted at the colorectal surgery department of a tertiary-level hospital. PATIENTS This study included patients older than 18 years who underwent elective reoperative open colorectal resections. Patients were excluded who had open surgery within the past 3 months, who had active surgical site infection, and who underwent laparoscopic procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was superficial surgical site infection within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were deep and organ-space surgical site infections within 7 days and 30 days, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS A total of 149 patients were included in each arm. The mean age was 51 years, and 49.5% were women. Demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and preoperative albumin levels were comparable between the groups. Overall, most surgeries were performed for IBD, and 77% of the patients had an ostomy fashioned during the surgery. No significant difference was found between the groups in 30-day superficial surgical site infection rate (14.1% in control versus 9.4% in incisional negative pressure wound therapy; p = 0.28). Deep and organ-space surgical site infections rates at 7 and 30 days were also comparable between the groups. Postoperative length of stay and complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade) were also comparable between the groups. LIMITATIONS The patient population included in the trial consisted of a selected group of high-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS Incisional negative pressure wound therapy was not associated with reduced superficial surgical site infection or overall complication rates in patients undergoing high-risk reoperative colorectal resections. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B956 . EFECTO DE LA TERAPIA DE HERIDA INSICIONAL CON PRESIN NEGATIVA EN INFECCIONES DEL SITIO QUIRRGICO EN CIRUGA COLORRECTAL REOPERATORIA DE ALTO RIESGO UN ENSAYO CONTROLADO ALEATORIZADO ANTECEDENTES:Las resecciones colorrectales tienen tasas relativamente altas de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico que causan una morbilidad significativa. La terapia de heridas incisionales con presión negativa se introdujo para mejorar la cicatrización de las heridas de incisiones quirúrgicas cerradas y para prevenir infecciones del sitio quirúrgico.OBJETIVO:El objetivo de este ensayo controlado y aleatorizado fue investigar el efecto de la terapia de herida incisional con presión negativa en infecciones superficiales del sitio quirúrgico en cirugía colorrectal re operatoria, abierta y de alto riesgo.DISEÑO:Ensayo controlado y aleatorizado de un solo centro entre julio de 2015 y octubre de 2020. Los pacientes fueron aleatorizados para recibir tratamiento para heridas incisionales con presión negativa o vendaje de gasa estándar en una proporción de 1:1. Se incluyeron un total de 298 pacientes.AJUSTE:Este estudio se realizó en el departamento de cirugía colorrectal de un hospital de tercer nivel.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años que se fueron sometidos a resecciones colorrectales abiertas, re operatorias y electivas. Se excluyeron aquellos pacientes que tuvieron cirugía abierta en los últimos 3 meses, con infección activa del sitio quirúrgico y que fueron sometidos a procedimientos laparoscópicos.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:El resultado primario fue infección superficial del sitio quirúrgico dentro de los 30 días. Los resultados secundarios fueron infecciones del sitio quirúrgico profundas y del espacio orgánico dentro de los 7 y 30 días, las complicaciones posoperatorias y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria.RESULTADOS:Se incluyeron un total de 149 pacientes en cada brazo. La edad media fue de 51 años y el 49,5% fueron mujeres. La demografía, las comorbilidades preoperatorias y los niveles de albúmina preoperatoria fueron comparables entre los grupos. En general, la mayoría de las cirugías fueron realizadas por enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y al 77 % de los pacientes se les confecciono una ostomía durante la cirugía. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en la tasa de infección del sitio quirúrgico superficial a los 30 días (14,1 % en el control frente a 9,4 % en el tratamiento de herida incisional con presión negativa, p = 0,28). Las tasas de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico profundas y del espacio orgánico a los 7 y 30 días también fueron comparables entre los grupos. La duración de la estancia postoperatoria y las tasas de complicaciones (Clavien-Dindo Graduacion) también fueron comparables entre los grupos.LIMITACIONES:La población de pacientes incluida en el ensayo consistió en un grupo seleccionado de pacientes de alto riesgo.CONCLUSIONES:Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B956 . (Traducción-Dr. Osvaldo Gauto ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Sapci
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Semiautomated surveillance of deep surgical site infections after colorectal surgeries: A multicenter external validation of two surveillance algorithms. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022; 44:616-623. [PMID: 35726554 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective:
Automated surveillance methods increasingly replace or support conventional (manual) surveillance; the latter is labor intensive and vulnerable to subjective interpretation. We sought to validate 2 previously developed semiautomated surveillance algorithms to identify deep surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing colorectal surgeries in Dutch hospitals.
Design:
Multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Methods:
From 4 hospitals, we selected colorectal surgery patients between 2018 and 2019 based on procedure codes, and we extracted routine care data from electronic health records. Per hospital, a classification model and a regression model were applied independently to classify patients into low- or high probability of having developed deep SSI. High-probability patients need manual SSI confirmation; low-probability records are classified as no deep SSI. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and workload reduction were calculated compared to conventional surveillance.
Results:
In total, 672 colorectal surgery patients were included, of whom 28 (4.1%) developed deep SSI. Both surveillance models achieved good performance. After adaptation to clinical practice, the classification model had 100% sensitivity and PPV ranged from 11.1% to 45.8% between hospitals. The regression model had 100% sensitivity and 9.0%–14.9% PPV. With both models, <25% of records needed review to confirm SSI. The regression model requires more complex data management skills, partly due to incomplete data.
Conclusions:
In this independent external validation, both surveillance models performed well. The classification model is preferred above the regression model because of source-data availability and less complex data-management requirements. The next step is implementation in infection prevention practices and workflow processes.
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Amanai E, Nakai K, Saito J, Hashiba E, Miura T, Morohashi H, Sakamoto Y, Mikami A, Hakamada K, Hirota K. Usefulness of presepsin for the early detection of infectious complications after elective colorectal surgery, compared with C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3960. [PMID: 35273185 PMCID: PMC8913670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious complications remain a major clinical problem in colorectal surgery. Presepsin has been reported to be a useful marker to diagnose sepsis, similar or superior to procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of presepsin in the early detection of infectious complications after elective colorectal surgery, compared with CRP and PCT. This study was a prospective observational study. Patients of age > 18 who underwent elective colon resections were enrolled. Blood samples were collected just before surgery and on postoperative day (POD) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 to measure plasma levels of biomarkers. We evaluated the association between circulating biomarkers and infections. A total of 114 patients were examined, and 27 patients (23.7%) developed infectious complications. CRP and PCT markedly increased from POD 1 to POD 3 and then gradually decreased toward POD 6 in both groups, but the trends of the decrease in the infected group were blunt, compared with those in the non-infected group. On the other hand, presepsin did not show major changes just after surgery, but it increased on POD 4 and POD 6, when the complications occurred. Monitoring the presepsin trends after colorectal surgeries could be helpful to detect postoperative infectious complications. Trial registration: UMIN000025313. Registered on 17 December 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Amanai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Hospital, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kishiko Nakai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Hospital, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Junichi Saito
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Eiji Hashiba
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Morohashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Akio Mikami
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Oral and Parenteral vs. Parenteral Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection: An Intervention Review with Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010021. [PMID: 35052898 PMCID: PMC8773268 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to systematically assess the efficacy of parenteral and oral antibiotic prophylaxis compared to parenteral-only prophylaxis for the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer resection. Published and unpublished randomized clinical trials comparing the use of oral and parenteral prophylactic antibiotics vs. parenteral-only antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery were collected searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, SCIENCE CITATION INDEX EXPANDED) without limits of date, language, or any other search filter. The outcomes included SSIs and other infectious and noninfectious postoperative complications. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials (RoB 2). A total of six studies involving 2252 patients were finally included, with 1126 cases in the oral and parenteral group and 1126 cases in the parenteral-only group. Meta-analysis results showed a statistically significant reduction of SSIs (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.72; p < 0.0001) and anastomotic leakage (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.91; p = 0.02) in the group of patients receiving oral antibiotics in addition to intravenous (IV) antibiotics compared to IV alone. Our meta-analysis shows that a combination of oral antibiotics and intravenous antibiotics significantly lowers the incidence of SSI compared with intravenous antibiotics alone.
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Caputo D, Coppola A, Farolfi T, La Vaccara V, Angeletti S, Cascone C, Ciccozzi M, Coppola R. The use of an implemented infection prevention bundle reduces the incidence of surgical site infections after colorectal surgery: a retrospective single center analysis. Updates Surg 2021; 73:2113-2124. [PMID: 33400250 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical-site infections (SSIs) represent the most common complications after colorectal surgery (CS). Role of preoperative administration of oral antibiotic prophylaxis (OAP) and mechanical bowel preparation (MBP), alone or in combination, in the prevention of SSIs after CS is debated. Aim of this study was to assess the effect of the introduction of an Implemented Infection Prevention Bundle (IIPB) in preventing SSIs in CS. METHODS A group of 251 patients (Group 1) who underwent CS receiving only preoperative intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) was compared to a Group of 107 patients (Group 2) who also received the IIPB. The IIPB consisted of the combination of oral administrations of three doses of Rifaximin 400 mg and MBP the day before surgery and in the administration of a cleansing enema the day of the surgical procedure. RESULTS At the univariate analysis, Group 2 showed significant lower rates of wound infection (WI) (2.8% vs. 9.9%; p = 0.021) and anastomotic leakage (AL) (2.8% vs. 14.7%; p = 0.001) with shorter hospital stay (5 vs. 6 days; p < 0.0001). The probability of postoperative AL was lower in Group 2; patients in this Group resulted protected from AL; a statistically significant Odds ratio of 0.16 (CI 0.05-0.55 p = 0.0034) was found. In diabetic patients, that were at higher risk of WI (OR 3.53, CI 1.49-8.35 p = 0.002), despite having any impact on anastomotic dehiscence, the use of IIPB significantly reduced the rate of WI (0% vs 28.1%; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The use of an IIPB significantly reduces rates of SSIs and post-operative hospital stay after CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Caputo
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Coppola
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Farolfi
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo La Vaccara
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cascone
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Coppola
- Department of Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Graham LA, Wagner TH, Sambare TD, Hawn MT. Timing and Cost of Wound Complications After Colorectal Resection. Dis Colon Rectum 2021; 64:1551-1558. [PMID: 34747918 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of postoperative wound complications occur after discharge. They are the most common postoperative complication and the most common reason for readmission after a surgical procedure. Little is known about the long-term costs of postdischarge wound complications after surgery. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the differences in costs and characteristics of wound complications identified after hospital discharge for patients undergoing colorectal surgery in comparison with in-hospital complications. DESIGN This is an observational cohort study using Veterans Health Administration Surgical Quality Improvement Program data. SETTING This study was conducted at a Veterans Affairs medical center. SETTING Patients undergoing colorectal resection between October 1, 2007 and September 30, 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes measured were adjusted costs of care at discharge, 30 days, and 90 days after surgery. RESULTS Of 20,146 procedures, 11.9% had a wound complication within 30 days of surgery (49.2% index-hospital, 50.8% postdischarge). In comparison with patients with index-hospital complications, patients with postdischarge complications had fewer superficial infections (65.0% vs 72.2%, p < 0.01), more organ/space surgical site infections (14.3% vs 10.1%, p < 0.01), and higher rates of diabetes (29.1% vs 25.0%, p = 0.02), and they were to have had a laparoscopic approach for their surgery (24.7% vs 18.2%, p < 0.01). The average cost including surgery at 30 days was $37,315 (SD = $29,319). Compared with index-hospital wound complications, postdischarge wound complications were $9500 (22%, p < 0.001) less expensive at 30 days and $9736 (15%, p < 0.001) less expensive at 90 days. Patients with an index-hospital wound complication were 40% less likely to require readmission at 30 days, but their readmissions were $12,518 more expensive than readmissions among patients with a newly identified postdischarge wound complication (p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS This study was limited to patient characteristics and costs accrued only within the Veterans Affairs system. CONCLUSIONS Patients with postdischarge wound complications have lower 30- and 90-day postoperative costs than those with wound complications identified during their index hospitalization and almost half were managed as an outpatient. TIEMPO Y COSTO DE LAS COMPLICACIONES LA HERIDA DESPUS DE LA RESECCIN COLORRECTAL ANTECEDENTES:Más del 50% de complicaciones postoperatorias de la herida ocurren después del alta. Es la complicación postoperatoria más común y el motivo más frecuente de reingreso después del procedimiento quirúrgico. Poco se sabe sobre los costos a largo plazo de las complicaciones de la herida después del alta quirúrgica.OBJETIVO:Intentar en comprender las diferencias en los costos y las características de las complicaciones de la herida, identificadas después del alta hospitalaria, en pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal, en comparación con las complicaciones intrahospitalarias.DISEÑO:Estudio de cohorte observacional utilizando datos del Programa de Mejora de la Calidad Quirúrgica de la Administración de Salud de Veteranos.ENTORNO CLÍNICO:Administración de Veteranos.PACIENTES:Pacientes sometidos a resección colorrectal entre el 1/10/2007 y el 30/9/2014.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE VALORACIÓN:Costos de atención ajustados al alta, 30 días y 90 días después de la cirugía.RESULTADOS:De 20146 procedimientos, el 11,9% tuvo una complicación de la herida dentro de los 30 días de la cirugía. (49,2% índice hospitalario, 50,8% después del alta). En comparación con los pacientes, del índice de complicaciones hospitalarias, los pacientes con complicaciones posteriores al alta, tuvieron menos infecciones superficiales (65,0% frente a 72,2%, p <0,01), más infecciones de órganos/espacios quirúrgicos (14,3% frente a 10,1%, p <0,01), tasas más altas de diabetes (29,1% versus 25,0%, p = 0,02), y deberían de haber tenido un abordaje laparoscópico para su cirugía (24,7% versus 18,2%, p <0,01). El costo promedio, incluida la cirugía a los 30 días, fue de $ 37,315 (desviación estándar = $ 29,319). En comparación con el índice de complicaciones de las herida hospitalaria, las complicaciones de la herida después del alta fueron $ 9,500 (22%, p <0,001) menor costo a los 30 días y $ 9,736 (15%, p<0,001) y menor costo a los 90 días. Los pacientes con índice de complicación de la herida hospitalaria, tenían un 40% menos de probabilidades de requerir reingreso a los 30 días, pero sus reingresos eran $ 12,518 más costosos que los reingresos entre los pacientes presentando complicación de la herida recién identificada después del alta (p <0,001).LIMITACIONES:Limitado a las características del paciente y los costos acumulados solo dentro del sistema VA.CONCLUSIONES:Pacientes con complicaciones de la herida post alta, tienen menores costos postoperatorios a los 30 y 90 días, que aquellos con complicaciones de la herida identificadas durante su índice de hospitalización y aproximadamente la mitad fueron tratados de forma ambulatoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Graham
- Health Economics Resource Center (HERC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Stanford-Surgery Policy Improvement Research and Education Center (S-SPIRE), Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Todd H Wagner
- Health Economics Resource Center (HERC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Stanford-Surgery Policy Improvement Research and Education Center (S-SPIRE), Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tanmaya D Sambare
- Stanford-Surgery Policy Improvement Research and Education Center (S-SPIRE), Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mary T Hawn
- Stanford-Surgery Policy Improvement Research and Education Center (S-SPIRE), Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Yin L, Lau K, Mehra G, Sayasneh A. Closed-Incision Negative Pressure Wound management Following Midline Laparotomy in Gynecological Oncology Operations: A Feasibility Pilot Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e19871. [PMID: 34976493 PMCID: PMC8712190 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality in healthcare. Increasingly, closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) is being studied as a potential method of reducing incidence of SSI with conflicting results in the literature. Few studies however have looked at its use in the field of gynecological oncology. Objectives We aimed to compare the incidence of SSI when using ciNPWT dressings versus conventional dressings in gynecological oncology patients undergoing midline laparotomies. Methods This was a pilot study involving 14 patients receiving the ciNPWT dressing and 26 control patients. All patients were followed up for a period of 30 days. We used the American College of Surgeons (ACS) risk calculator to estimate each patient's risk of SSI in order to risk stratify the groups. Results The incidence of wound infection was 21% (3/14) in the ciNPWT group and 23% (6/26) in the control group (p=0.886). The ciNPWT group was found to be at significantly higher risk for SSI as calculated by the ACS tool (8.8% ciNPWT, 6% control, p=0.004). After stratifying for this difference in risk, still no significant difference in incidence of SSI was found between the two groups (27% (3/11) ciNPWT, 29% (2/7) control p=0.929). Conclusion The incidence of SSI does not appear to decrease by the prophylactic use of the closed-incision negative pressure wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Yin
- Gynecological Oncology, GKT (Guy's Hospital, King's College Hospital and St. Thomas' Hospital) School of Medical Education, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, GBR
| | - Katherine Lau
- Gynecological Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, GBR
| | - Gautam Mehra
- Gynecological Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, GBR
| | - Ahmad Sayasneh
- School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, GBR
- Gynecological Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, GBR
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Almansa-Saura S, Lopez-Lopez V, Eshmuminov D, Schneider M, Castellanos-Escrig G, Rodriguez-Valiente M, Crespo MJ, von der Groeben M, Lehmann K, Robles-Campos R. Prophylactic Use of Negative Pressure Therapy in General Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2021; 22:854-863. [PMID: 33844934 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent an economic burden to healthcare systems. The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for SSI prophylaxis remains uncertain. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science for relevant studies. The primary outcome was the evaluation of the effectiveness of NPWT for prophylaxis of SSI rates in general abdominal surgery. Secondary outcomes were rates of seroma and wound dehiscence, length of hospital stay, and re-admission rates. The statistical analysis was performed with random effect models. Results: A total of 3,193 patients from 20 articles (six randomized controlled trials [RCT], three prospective, eight retrospective, and three ambispective studies) were analyzed. Negative pressure wound therapy was associated with decreased rate of SSIs compared with standard dressing in a pooled analysis of non-randomized studies and RCTs (0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.4 to 0.8; p < 0.001). This result, however, needs to be challenged because of a significant statistical heterogeneity of the included studies (I2 = 71%; p < 0.01). A separate analysis of the six RCTs failed to confirm the superiority of NPWT (0.64; 95% CI, -0.4 to 1.04; p = 0.07), also disclosing significant heterogeneity. The analysis of secondary outcomes was only possible in combination of randomized and non-randomized studies because of incomplete datasets in RCTs. Re-admission rates were lower after NPWT and no difference was observed for the incidence of seroma, wound dehiscence, and length of hospital stay. Conclusions: Based on available evidence, the routine use of NPWT for SSI prophylaxis after laparotomy in general abdominal surgery cannot be generally recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Almansa-Saura
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor Lopez-Lopez
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, Murcia, Spain
| | - Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Schneider
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregorio Castellanos-Escrig
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, Murcia, Spain
| | - Monica Rodriguez-Valiente
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Crespo
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Kuno Lehmann
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Robles-Campos
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, Murcia, Spain
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Lee JH, Ahn BK, Ryu J, Lee KH. Mechanical bowel preparation combined with oral antibiotics in colorectal cancer surgery: a nationwide population-based study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:1929-1935. [PMID: 34089359 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The guidelines for reducing surgical site infection in colorectal surgery recommend mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics; however, this recommendation remains controversial. This study aimed to reveal the effect of oral antibiotics combined with mechanical bowel preparation in colorectal surgery. METHODS This study was a nationwide population-based retrospective study. Data between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database were analyzed. Patients who underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery were included. RESULTS A total of 20,740 patients were finally included, comprising 14,554 (70.2%) who underwent mechanical bowel preparation alone and 6186 (29.8%) who underwent mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics. The mechanical bowel preparation alone group was older than the mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics group (65.7 ± 11.9 vs. 64.7 ± 11.8 years, p < 0.001). Rectal cancer patients and patients who underwent open surgery were more likely to receive mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics. Patients who underwent mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics demonstrated lower surgical-site infection rate (2.9% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (11.7 ± 5.5 vs. 13.5 ± 7.3 days, p < 0.001), and lower medical cost (US$7414 ± 2762 vs. US$7791 ± 3235, p < 0.001) than those who underwent mechanical bowel preparation alone. The 30-day readmission rates and mortality were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The use of mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics reduces surgical site infection, hospital stay, and medical cost in colorectal cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kyu Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Ryu
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hong Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Bath MF, Suresh R, Davies J, Machesney MR. Does pulsed lavage reduce the risk of surgical site infection? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect 2021; 118:32-39. [PMID: 34454976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant and common postoperative complication. Whereas most surgeons use some form of wound irrigation during closure, its impact on SSI rates is debated. Preliminary studies in the use of pressurized irrigation, termed pulsed lavage, may have potential benefit to reduce the risk of SSI. AIM To perform a systematic review to identify studies that reported SSI rates following surgery, comparing the use of pulsed lavage to controls, following PRISMA guidelines. METHODS All study types and those published up to January 1st, 2021 were included. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each included study using a Mantel-Haenszel statistical analysis, via a random effects model. A sub-analysis on abdominal procedures only was also performed. FINDINGS Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, covering either orthopaedic or general surgery procedures; 1875 patients were included, with 816 patients in the pulsed lavage group and 1059 patients in the control group. Overall study quality was low. There was a significant reduction in the SSI rate with the use of pulsed lavage (odds ratio (OR): 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.62; P < 0.0001). Sub-analysis on abdominal operations only showed further improvement to the SSI rate with pulsed lavage (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.21-0.49; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Pulsed lavage significantly reduces the rate of SSIs in surgical procedures, the effect being most pronounced in abdominal operations; however, current study quality is low. Randomized controlled trial data are essential to fully assess the potential clinical and financial benefits pulsed lavage can confer to SSI reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Bath
- Department of Surgery, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - R Suresh
- Department of Surgery, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Davies
- Department of Surgery, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M R Machesney
- Department of Surgery, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Garg A, Jayant S, Gupta AK, Bansal LK, Wani A, Chaudhary P. Comparison of closed incision negative pressure wound therapy with conventional dressing for reducing wound complications in emergency laparotomy. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2021; 93:1-5. [PMID: 34552028 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the post-operative effects of closed incision negative pressure wound therapy with conventional dressing in emergency laparotomy. METHODS This study was conducted from 1st November 2018 to 31st March 2020 in ABVIMS & Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi. The potential candidates for the study were patients of 18 years and above who were admitted in surgical emergency and underwent emergency laparotomy by a midline incision. Fifty random patients were alternatively allotted to group A (25 patients) and group B (25 patients). In the patients of group A, closed incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) was applied on midline closed wound after an exploratory laparotomy procedure. The patients in group B, standard dry gauze dressing was done. RESULTS The mean age of patients in group A and group B were 46.76±12.20 and 41.96±8.33 years, respectively (p-value-0.11). The wound infection was present in 12% of cases in group A and 32% in group B, but when we calculate the p-value, it was found to be statistically non-significant (p-value-0.08). Similarly, seroma formation and wound dehiscence were found less in group A as compared to group B but not reached up to a statistically significant limit (p-value 0.55 and 0.38 respectively). The frequency of dressing change was 1-2 per week in 92% of cases in group A while it was 3-4 per week in 68% of cases in group B. The mean time of the frequency of dressing change was 1.24±0.72 per week and 4.28±1.90 per week in both the groups respectively (p-value <0.001). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the duration of hospital stay between group A (mean hospital stay 8.20±2.34 days) and group B (mean hospital stay 8.21±3.37 days). CONCLUSION Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy has no advantages over conventional dressing in terms of post-operative complications and hospital stay. However, it reduces the frequency of dressing change significantly, which reduces the mental stress of the patient and the burden of changing daily dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Garg
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh Jayant
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Bansal
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Abid Wani
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Poras Chaudhary
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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Arslan K, Hasırcı İ, Şimşek G, İbrahim IA, Şahin A, Eryılmaz MA, Altınkaynak M, Kartal A. Effects of Subcutaneous Jackson-Pratt Drain on Incisional Surgical Site Infection after Open Colorectal Resection for Cancer: a Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Study. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Campos Lobato LFD, Ferreira PCA, Wick EC, Kiran RP, Remzi FH, Kalady MF, Vogel JD. Risk factors for prolonged length of stay after colorectal surgery. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Colorectal surgeons often struggle to explain to administrators/payers reasons for prolonged length of stay (LOS). This study aim was to identify factors associated with increased LOS after colorectal surgery.
Design The study population included patients from the 2007 American-College-of-Sur- geons-National-Surgical-Quality-Improvement-Program (ACS-NSQIP) database undergoing ileocolic resection, segmental colectomy, or anterior resection. The study population was divided into normal (below 75th percentile) and prolonged LOS (above the 75th percentile). A multivariate analysis was performed using prolonged LOS as dependent variable and ACS- NSQIP variables as predictive variables. P-value < 0.01 was considered significant.
Results 12,269 patients with a median LOS of 6 (inter-quartile range 4-9) days were includ- ed. There were 2,617 (21.3%) patients with prolonged LOS (median 15 days, inter-quartile range 13-22). 1,308 (50%) were female, and the median age was 69 (inter-quartile range 57-79) years. Risk factors for prolonged LOS were male gender, congestive heart failure, weight loss, Crohn's disease, preoperative albumin < 3.5 g/dL and hematocrit < 47%, base- line sepsis, ASA class ≥ 3, open surgery, surgical time ≥ 190 min, postoperative pneumonia, failure to wean from mechanical ventilation, deep venous thrombosis, urinary-tract in- fection, systemic sepsis, surgical site infection and reoperation within 30-days from the primary surgery.
Conclusion Multiple factors are associated with increased LOS after colorectal surgery. Our results are useful for surgeons to explain prolonged LOS to administrators/payers who are critical of this metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe de Campos Lobato
- Division of Coloproctology, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Coloproctologia de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth C. Wick
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ravi P. Kiran
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Feza H. Remzi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Matthew F. Kalady
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jon D. Vogel
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Angel García D, Martínez Nicolás I, García Marín JA, Soria Aledo V. Risk-adjustment models for clean and colorectal surgery surgical site infection for the Spanish health system. Int J Qual Health Care 2020; 32:599-608. [PMID: 32901796 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop risk-adjusted models for two quality indicators addressing surgical site infection (SSI) in clean and colorectal surgery, to be used for benchmarking and quality improvement in the Spanish National Health System. STUDY DESIGN A literature review was undertaken to identify candidate adjustment variables. The candidate variables were revised by clinical experts to confirm their clinical relevance to SSI; experts also offered additional candidate variables that were not identified in the literature review. Two risk-adjustment models were developed using multiple logistic regression thus allowing calculation of the adjusted indicator rates. DATA SOURCE The two SSI indicators, with their corresponding risk-adjustment models, were calculated from administrative databases obtained from nine public hospitals. A dataset was obtained from a 10-year period (2006-2015), and it included data from 21 571 clean surgery patients and 6325 colorectal surgery patients. ANALYSIS METHODS Risk-adjustment regression models were constructed using Spanish National Health System data. Models were analysed so as to prevent overfitting, then tested for calibration and discrimination and finally bootstrapped. RESULTS Ten adjustment variables were identified for clean surgery SSI, and 23 for colorectal surgery SSI. The final adjustment models showed fair calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow: clean surgery χ2 = 6.56, P = 0.58; colorectal surgery χ2 = 6.69, P = 0.57) and discrimination (area under receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve: clean surgery 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.77; colorectal surgery 0.62, 95% CI 0.60-0.65). CONCLUSIONS The proposed risk-adjustment models can be used to explain patient-based differences among healthcare providers. They can be used to adjust the two proposed SSI indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Angel García
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia 30009, Spain
| | - Ismael Martínez Nicolás
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia 30009, Spain
| | - José Andrés García Marín
- General and gastrointestinal surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia 30009, Spain
| | - Victoriano Soria Aledo
- Sección de Gestión de Calidad de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos, Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Morales Meseguer de Murcia, Murcia 30009, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30009, Spain
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Abstract
Summary
Background
Wound healing deficits and subsequent surgical site infections are potential complications after surgical procedures, resulting in increased morbidity and treatment costs. Closed-incision negative-pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) systems seem to reduce postoperative wound complications by sealing the wound and reducing tensile forces.
Materials and methods
We conducted a collaborative English literature review in the PubMed database including publications from 2009 to 2020 on ciNPWT use in five surgical subspecialities (orthopaedics and trauma, general surgery, plastic surgery, cardiac surgery and vascular surgery). With literature reviews, case reports and expert opinions excluded, the remaining 59 studies were critically summarized and evaluated with regard to their level of evidence.
Results
Of nine studies analysed in orthopaedics and trauma, positive results of ciNPWT were reported in 55.6%. In 11 of 13 (84.6%), 13 of 15 (86.7%) and 10 of 10 (100%) of studies analysed in plastic, vascular and general surgery, respectively, a positive effect of ciNPWT was observed. On the contrary, only 4 of 12 studies from cardiac surgery discovered positive effects of ciNPWT (33.3%).
Conclusion
ciNPWT is a promising treatment modality to improve postoperative wound healing, notably when facing increased tensile forces. To optimise ciNPWT benefits, indications for its use should be based on patient- and procedure-related risk factors.
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Intraoperative core temperature and infectious complications after colorectal surgery: A registry analysis. J Clin Anesth 2020; 63:109758. [PMID: 32222668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Moderate hypothermia (e.g., 34.5 °C) causes surgical site infections, but it remains unknown whether mild hypothermia (34.6 °C-35.9 °C) causes infection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between intraoperative time-weighted average core temperature and a composite of serious wound and systemic infections in adults having colorectal surgery over a range of near-normal temperatures. DESIGN Retrospective, single center study. SETTING The operating rooms of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation from January 2005 to December 2014. PATIENTS Adult patients having colorectal surgery at least 1 h in length who received both general anesthesia and esophageal core temperature monitoring. INTERVENTION(S) Time weighted average intraoperative core temperature. MEASUREMENTS Our primary outcome was a composite of serious infections obtained from a surgical registry and billing codes. Average intraoperative esophageal temperatures and the composite of serious 30-day complications were assessed with logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounding factors. MAIN RESULTS A total of 7908 patients were included in the analysis. A 0.5 °C decrease in time-weighted average intraoperative core temperature ≤ 35.4 °C was associated with an increased odds of serious infection (OR = 1.38, P = .045); that is, hypothermia below 35.4 °C progressively worsened infection risk. Additionally, at higher core temperatures, the odds of serious infection increased slightly with each 0.5 °C increase in average temperature (OR = 1.10, P = .047). CONCLUSIONS Below 35.5 °C, hypothermia was associated with increased risk of serious infectious complications. Why composite complications increased at higher temperatures remains unclear, but the highest temperatures may reflect febrile patients who had pre-existing infections. Avoiding time-weighted average core temperatures <35.5 °C appears prudent from an infection perspective, but higher temperatures may be needed to prevent other hypothermia-related complications.
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Prospective Creation and Validation of the PREVENTT (Prediction and Enaction of Prevention Treatments Trigger) Scale for Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) in Patients With Diverticulitis. Ann Surg 2020; 270:1124-1130. [PMID: 29916880 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Create and validate diverticulitis surgical site infection prediction scale. BACKGROUND Surgical site infections cause significant morbidity after colorectal surgery. An infection prediction scale could target infection prevention bundles to high-risk patients. METHODS Prospectively collected National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and electronic medical record data obtained on diverticulitis colectomy patients across a Healthcare Network-wide Colorectal Surgery Collaborative (5 hospitals). Patients with and without surgical site infections were compared. Predictive variables were identified using logistic regression model; model estimates obtained through 1000 bootstrap replications for scale validation. RESULTS A total of 1737 colectomies were performed (2010-2016): mean age 59.9 years (SD 12.7), 56.4% female; 93.4% Caucasian; smokers 16.3%, diabetics 7.7%, steroid use 6.0%. Two hundred thirty-one (13.3%) were presented to operating room emergently and 138 (7.9%) with abscess at time of disease admission. Two hundred ninety-six patients underwent Hartman procedures, and 113 (6.5%) received diverted primary anastomosis. Average length of stay was 6.9 days (standard deviation 7.01), 30-day mortality was 1.5%, anastomotic leak rate was 3.1%. Twenty-one percent of patients (n = 366) developed a surgical site infection. Several predictors for infection were identified: obesity (body mass index >30), advanced age (>70 years), diabetes mellitus, preoperative abscess, open surgery, emergent operations, and prolonged operations (>3 h). Creation of protected anastomosis in emergent settings was associated with increased infection rates. Presence of more than 5 risk factors was associated with infection rates of 45.8% (c = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS Patients with diverticulitis have high surgical site infection rates due to nonmodifiable risk factors. Our Prediction and Enaction of Prevention Treatments Trigger scale can risk stratify patients for targeting surgical site infection prevention bundles and outcomes risk adjustments.
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[Oral antibiotic prophylaxis for bowel decontamination before elective colorectal surgery : Current body of evidence and recommendations]. Chirurg 2019; 91:128-133. [PMID: 31828386 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-019-01079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing body of evidence from randomized controlled studies, register data and meta-analyses, there is an ongoing controversy about decontamination of the digestive tract before elective colorectal surgery. Currently, mechanical bowel preparation alone can no longer be recommended as there is a lack of evidence for an advantage in terms of risk reduction for infectious complications, anastomotic leakage, morbidity and mortality. In contrast, the administration of oral antibiotics in addition to the obligatory intravenous single shot antibiotic prophylaxis has shown an additive reduction of the risk of up to 50% for the occurrence of postoperative infectious complications; however, due to a lack of data it is unclear if mechanical bowel preparation could even improve the positive effects of combined intravenous and oral antibiotics. Therefore, further studies are necessary. At the current time the occurrence of anastomotic leakage cannot be prevented, independent of whether preoperative bowel decontamination is performed.
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Fowler AL, Barry MK. Closed incision negative pressure therapy: Results of recent trials and recommendations for clinical practice. Surgeon 2019; 18:241-250. [PMID: 31822387 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open abdominal surgery is associated with high rates of wound complications . Surgical site infection (SSI) is associated with prolonged length of stay, delayed treatment and high rates of readmission (1, 3, 4). Negative pressure wound therapy over closed incisions (ciNPWT) is a novel approach to prevention of SSI. We reviewed the outcomes of studies comparing ciNPWT and standard therapy in open abdominal wounds to assess the efficacy of the current evidence base. AIM To assess the effect of negative pressure wound therapy used over closed incisions in open abdominal surgery. METHODS Search of relevant terms was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane to identify studies published between Jan 2006-Feb 2019. Studies were chosen based on specific inclusion criteria. Articles were screened to assess demographics, study design and outcomes. RESULTS Seven retrospective and six prospective randomised controlled trials were identified for inclusion, totalling 3048 participants. 967 received ciNPWT and 2081 received standard treatment. Studies assessed a mix of surgeries (colorectal n = 6, pancreaticoduodenectomy n = 1, gynaecologic n = 1, acute care surgery n = 1, mixed open n = 2). ciNPWT was statistically significant in reducing SSI in 9 of 13 studies. CONCLUSION ciNPWT in open abdominal surgery has demonstrated promising results for reducing SSI rate in some trials however, patient selection remains unclear. Recent randomized controlled trials have failed to demonstrate benefit overall with use of ciNPWT in open abdominal surgery. Further multicentre prospective trials are needed for cost-benefit analysis and appropriate patient-selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lee Fowler
- Discipline of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 121-122 St Stephen's Green Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Kevin Barry
- Discipline of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 121-122 St Stephen's Green Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Koskenvuo L, Lehtonen T, Koskensalo S, Rasilainen S, Klintrup K, Ehrlich A, Pinta T, Scheinin T, Sallinen V. Mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation versus no bowel preparation for elective colectomy (MOBILE): a multicentre, randomised, parallel, single-blinded trial. Lancet 2019; 394:840-848. [PMID: 31402112 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased surgical site infections (SSIs) and morbidity have been reported with mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation (MOABP) compared with no bowel preparation (NBP) in colonic surgery. Several societies have recommended routine use of MOABP in patients undergoing colon resection on the basis of these data. Our aim was to investigate this recommendation in a prospective randomised context. METHODS In this multicentre, parallel, single-blinded trial, patients undergoing colon resection were randomly assigned (1:1) to either MOABP or NBP in four hospitals in Finland, using a web-based randomisation technique. Randomly varying block sizes (four, six, and eight) were used for randomisation, and stratification was done according to centre. The recruiters, treating physicians, operating surgeons, data collectors, and analysts were masked to the allocated treatment. Key exclusion criteria were need for emergency surgery; bowel obstruction; colonoscopy planned during surgery; allergy to polyethylene glycol, neomycin, or metronidazole; and age younger than 18 years or older than 95 years. Study nurses opened numbered opaque envelopes containing the patient allocated group, and instructed the patients according to the allocation group to either prepare the bowel, or not prepare the bowel. Patients allocated to MOABP prepared their bowel by drinking 2 L of polyethylene glycol and 1 L of clear fluid before 6 pm on the day before surgery and took 2 g of neomycin orally at 7 pm and 2 g of metronidazole orally at 11 pm the day before surgery. The primary outcome was SSI within 30 days after surgery, analysed in the modified intention-to-treat population (all patients who were randomly allocated to and underwent elective colon resection with an anastomosis) along with safety analyses. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02652637, and EudraCT, 2015-004559-38, and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS Between March 17, 2016, and Aug 20, 2018, 738 patients were assessed for eligibility. Of the 417 patients who were randomised (209 to MOABP and 208 to NBP), 13 in the MOABP group and eight in the NBP were excluded before undergoing colonic resection; therefore, the modified intention-to-treat analysis included 396 patients (196 for MOABP and 200 for NBP). SSI was detected in 13 (7%) of 196 patients randomised to MOABP, and in 21 (11%) of 200 patients randomised to NBP (odds ratio 1·65, 95% CI 0·80-3·40; p=0·17). Anastomotic dehiscence was reported in 7 (4%) of 196 patients in the MOABP group and in 8 (4%) of 200 in the NBP group, and reoperations were necessary in 16 (8%) of 196 compared with 13 (7%) of 200 patients. Two patients died in the NBP group and none in the MOABP group within 30 days. INTERPRETATION MOABP does not reduce SSIs or the overall morbidity of colon surgery compared with NBP. We therefore propose that the current recommendations of using MOABP for colectomies to reduce SSIs or morbidity should be reconsidered. FUNDING Vatsatautien Tutkimussäätiö Foundation, Mary and Georg Ehrnrooth's Foundation, and Helsinki University Hospital research funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Koskenvuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Taru Lehtonen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Selja Koskensalo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Rasilainen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Klintrup
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu Ehrlich
- Department of Surgery, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tarja Pinta
- Department of Surgery, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Tom Scheinin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Sallinen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sahebally SM, McKevitt K, Stephens I, Fitzpatrick F, Deasy J, Burke JP, McNamara D. Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Closed Laparotomy Incisions in General and Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Surg 2018; 153:e183467. [PMID: 30267040 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common after laparotomy wounds and are associated with a significant economic burden. The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has recently been broadened to closed surgical incisions. Objective To evaluate the association of prophylactic NPWT with SSI rates in closed laparotomy incisions performed for general and colorectal surgery in elective and emergency settings. Data Sources The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases were searched without language restrictions for relevant articles from inception until December 2017. The latest search was performed on December 31, 2017. The bibliographies of retrieved studies were further screened for potential additional studies. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized studies were included. Unpublished reports were excluded, as were studies that examined NPWT (or standard nonpressure) dressings only without a comparator group. Studies that evaluated the use of NPWT in open abdominal incisions were also excluded. Disagreement was resolved by discussion, and if the question remained unsettled, the opinion of the senior author was sought. A total of 198 citations were identified, and 189 were excluded. Data Extraction and Synthesis This meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Data were independently extracted by 2 authors. A random-effects model was used for statistical analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was SSI, and secondary outcomes included seroma and wound dehiscence rates. These outcomes were chosen before data collection. Results Nine unique studies (3 randomized trials and 2 prospective and 4 retrospective studies) capturing 1266 unique patients were included. Of these, 1187 patients with 1189 incisions were included in the final analysis (52.3% male among 7 studies reporting data on sex; mean [SD] age, 52 [15] years among 8 studies reporting data on age). Significant clinical and methodologic heterogeneity existed among studies. On random-effects analysis, NPWT was associated with a significantly lower rate of SSI compared with standard dressings (pooled odds ratio [OR], 0.25; 95% CI, 0.12-0.52; P < .001). However, no difference in rates of seroma (pooled OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.12-1.23; P = .11) or wound dehiscence (pooled OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 0.61-6.78; P = .25) was found. On sensitivity analysis, focusing solely on colorectal procedures, NPWT significantly reduced SSI rates (pooled OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.07-0.36; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance Application of NPWT on closed laparotomy wounds in general and colorectal surgery is associated with reduced SSI rates but similar rates of seroma and wound dehiscence compared with conventional nonpressure dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin McKevitt
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian Stephens
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fidelma Fitzpatrick
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Deasy
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Patrick Burke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deborah McNamara
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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An observational case study of hospital associated infections in a critical care unit in Astana, Kazakhstan. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:57. [PMID: 29713464 PMCID: PMC5918921 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital Associated infections (HAI) are very common in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and are usually associated with use of invasive devices in the patients. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and etiological agents of HAI in a Surgical ICU in Kazakhstan, and to assess the impact of these infections on ICU stay and mortality. Objective To assess the rate of device-associated infections and causative HAI etiological agents in an ICU at the National Research Center for Oncology and Transplantation (NRCOT) in Astana, Kazakhstan. Methods This retrospective, observational study was conducted in a 12-bed ICU at the NRCOT, Astana, Kazakhstan. We enrolled all patients who were admitted to the ICU from January, 2014 through November 2015, aged 18 to 90 years of age who developed an HAI. Results The most common type of HAI was surgical site infection (SSI), followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-related blood stream infection (BSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (UTI). The most common HAI was SSI with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most common etiological agent. The second most common HAI was VAP also with P. aeruginosa followed by BSI which was also associated with P. aeruginosa (in 2014) and Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (in 2015) as the most common etiological agents causing these infections. Conclusion We found that HAI among our study population were predominantly caused by gram-negative pathogens, including P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli. To our knowledge, this is the only study that describes ICU-related HAI situation from a country within the Central Asian region. Many developing countries such as Kazakhstan lack surveillance systems which could effectively decrease incidence of HAIs and healthcare costs for their treatment. The epidemiological data on HAI in Kazakhstan currently is underrepresented and poorly reported in the literature. Based on this and previous studies, we propose that the most important interventions to prevent HAI at the NRCOT and similar Healthcare Institutions in Kazakhstan are active surveillance, regular infection control audits, rational and effective antibacterial therapy, and general hygiene measures.
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Suh I, Long SA, Coe J, Koehler J, Fry D, Welton ML. The Efficacy of a Novel Surgical Device in Preventing Intraoperative Wound Contamination in an In Vivo Porcine Model. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 28:445-451. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2017.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Insoo Suh
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah A. Long
- Fogarty Institute for Innovation, Mountain View, California
| | - Jonathan Coe
- Prescient Surgical, Inc., San Carlos, California
| | | | - Donald Fry
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark L. Welton
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections are the most common hospital-acquired infection after colorectal surgery, increasing morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of preventive measures on colorectal surgical site infection rates in a high-volume institution that performs inherent high-risk procedures. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study. SETTINGS The study was conducted at a high-volume, specialized colorectal surgery department. PATIENTS The Prospective Surgical Site Infection Prevention Bundle Project included 14 preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative measures to reduce surgical site infection occurrence after colorectal surgery. Surgical site infections within 30 days of the index operation were examined for patients during the 1-year period after the surgical site infection prevention bundle was implemented. The data collection and outcomes for this period were compared with the year immediately before the implementation of bundle elements. All of the patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery by a total of 17 surgeons were included. The following procedures were excluded from the analysis to obtain a homogeneous patient population: ileostomy closure and anorectal and enterocutaneous fistula repair. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Surgical site infection occurring within 30 days of the index operation was measured. Surgical site infection-related outcomes after implementation of the bundle (bundle February 2014 to February 2015) were compared with same period a year before the implementation of bundle elements (prebundle February 2013 to February 2014). RESULTS Between 2013 and 2015, 2250 abdominal colorectal surgical procedures were performed, including 986 (43.8%) during the prebundle period and 1264 (56.2%) after the bundle project. Patient characteristics and comorbidities were similar in both periods. Compliance with preventive measures ranged between 75% and 99% during the bundle period. The overall surgical site infection rate decreased from 11.8% prebundle to 6.6% at the bundle period (P < 0.001). Although a decrease for all types of surgical site infections was observed after the bundle implementation, a significant reduction was achieved in the organ-space subgroup (5.5%-1.7%; P < 0.001). LIMITATION We were unable to predict the specific contributions the constituent bundle interventions made to the surgical site infection reduction. CONCLUSIONS The prospective Surgical Site Infection Prevention Bundle Project resulted in a substantial decline in surgical site infection rates in our department. Collaborative and enduring efforts among multiple providers are critical to achieve a sustained reduction See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A438.
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Cheng H, Chen BPH, Soleas IM, Ferko NC, Cameron CG, Hinoul P. Prolonged Operative Duration Increases Risk of Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2017; 18:722-735. [PMID: 28832271 PMCID: PMC5685201 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2017.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) across surgical procedures, specialties, and conditions is reported to vary from 0.1% to 50%. Operative duration is often cited as an independent and potentially modifiable risk factor for SSI. The objective of this systematic review was to provide an in-depth understanding of the relation between operating time and SSI. Patients and Methods: This review included 81 prospective and retrospective studies. Along with study design, likelihood of SSI, mean operative times, time thresholds, effect measures, confidence intervals, and p values were extracted. Three meta-analyses were conducted, whereby odds ratios were pooled by hourly operative time thresholds, increments of increasing operative time, and surgical specialty. Results: Pooled analyses demonstrated that the association between extended operative time and SSI typically remained statistically significant, with close to twice the likelihood of SSI observed across various time thresholds. The likelihood of SSI increased with increasing time increments; for example, a 13%, 17%, and 37% increased likelihood for every 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min of surgery, respectively. On average, across various procedures, the mean operative time was approximately 30 min longer in patients with SSIs compared with those patients without. Conclusions: Prolonged operative time can increase the risk of SSI. Given the importance of SSIs on patient outcomes and health care economics, hospitals should focus efforts to reduce operative time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicole C Ferko
- 2 Cornerstone Research Group , Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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Silvestri M, Dobrinja C, Scomersi S, Giudici F, Turoldo A, Princic E, Luzzati R, de Manzini N, Bortul M. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for surgical site infection after colorectal surgery: a single-center experience. Surg Today 2017; 48:338-345. [PMID: 28948367 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common complication of colorectal surgery, resulting in significant burden in terms of morbidity and length of hospital stay. The aims of this study were to establish the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing colorectal surgeries and to identify potentially modifiable risk factors to reduce overall SSI rates. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent colorectal resection at our Department. Patients were identified using a prospective SSI database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors. RESULTS A total of 687 patients were enrolled in the study and the overall SSI rate was 19.9% (137 patients). Superficial incisional surgical site infections (SSSIs) developed in 52 (7.6%) patients, deep incisional surgical site infections (DSSIs) developed in 15 (2.2%), and organ/space infections (OSIs) developed in 70 (10.1%). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that age, diabetes, emergency surgery, and a high infection risk index are risk factors for SSI. CONCLUSIONS There are some modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for SSI. IRI and age are non-modifiable, whereas the timing of surgery and diabetes can be modulated by trying to defer some emergency procedures to elective ones and normalizing the glycemia of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Silvestri
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Chiara Dobrinja
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Scomersi
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Angelo Turoldo
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elija Princic
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Division of Infective Diseases, ASUITS and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò de Manzini
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Bortul
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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The need for unique risk adjustment for surgical site infections at a high-volume, tertiary care center with inherent high-risk colorectal procedures. Tech Coloproctol 2017; 21:649-656. [DOI: 10.1007/s10151-017-1671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Total abdominal colectomy vs. restorative total proctocolectomy as the initial approach to medically refractory ulcerative colitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32:1215-1222. [PMID: 28534070 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-017-2836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is scant data assessing the consequences of staging restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. The aim of the study is to compare outcomes of initial vs. staged restorative proctocolectomy. METHODS Patients completing restorative proctocolectomy, including ileostomy reversal, during 2006-2012 were identified from an IRB-approved database. Demographics, treatment variables, and perioperative outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Out of 521 patients, 322 (62%) underwent initial total abdominal colectomy before restorative proctectomy. This group was associated with more common preoperative anemia, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, severe colitis, steroids and biologics use, decreased proximal ileostomy rate at the time of completion restorative proctectomy (92.5 vs 97.5%, p = 0.023), shorter hospital stay (6.6 vs 7.8, p < 0.001), and marginally decreased pelvic sepsis rate (6.2 vs 11.1%, p = 0.05) compared with patients having initial restorative proctocolectomy. However, they also required longer combined postoperative hospital stays (17 vs 12 days, p < 0.001) and treatment span (10.4 vs 5.7 months, p < 0.001) to complete all surgical stages and they were associated with increased overall postoperative surgical site infection, hemorrhage, and small bowel obstruction rates. Pouch function and QOL were comparable between the groups, except for increased nightly bowel movements in the initial abdominal colectomy group (2.5 ± 2.2 vs 2.1 ± 1.8, p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing initial total abdominal colectomy require longer treatment time and experience increased overall morbidity, but ultimately experience comparable ileal pouch outcomes when compared to patients undergoing initial restorative proctocolectomy.
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Cima RR, Bergquist JR, Hanson KT, Thiels CA, Habermann EB. Outcomes are Local: Patient, Disease, and Procedure-Specific Risk Factors for Colorectal Surgical Site Infections from a Single Institution. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:1142-1152. [PMID: 28470562 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal surgical site infections (SSIs) contribute to postoperative morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. Risk factors associated with colorectal SSI are well-documented. However, quality improvement efforts are informed by national data, which may not identify institution-specific risk factors. METHOD Retrospective cohort study of colorectal surgery patients uses institutional ACS-NSQIP data from 2006 through 2014. ACS-NSQIP data were enhanced with additional variables from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with SSI development. RESULTS Of 2376 patients, 213 (9.0%) developed at least one SSI (superficial 4.8%, deep 1.1%, organ space 3.5%). Age < 40, BMI > 30, ASA3+, steroid use, smoking, diabetes, pre-operative sepsis, higher wound class, elevated WBC or serum glutamic-oxalocetic transaminase, low hematocrit or albumin, Crohn's disease, and prolonged incision-to-closure time were associated with increased SSI rate (all P < 0.01). After adjustment, BMI > 30, steroids, diabetes, and wound contamination were associated with SSI. Patients with Crohn's had greater odds of SSI than other indications. CONCLUSION Institutional modeling of SSI suggests that many previously suggested risk factors established on a national level do not contribute to SSIs at our institution. Identification of institution-specific predictors of SSI, rather than relying upon conclusions derived from external data, is a critical endeavor in facilitating quality improvement and maximizing value of quality investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Cima
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Surgical Outcomes Program, Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - John R Bergquist
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Surgical Outcomes Program, Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristine T Hanson
- Surgical Outcomes Program, Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cornelius A Thiels
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Surgical Outcomes Program, Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Habermann
- Surgical Outcomes Program, Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Inaba CS, Pigazzi A. Current Trends in the Use of Bowel Preparation for Colorectal Surgery. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-017-0369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zaidi A, El-Masry S. Closed-incision negative-pressure therapy in high-risk general surgery patients following laparotomy: a retrospective study. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:283-287. [PMID: 27416813 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Surgical site infection (SSI) and wound dehiscence are dreaded complications following laparotomy in general surgical patients, and can potentially occur more often in various comorbid states. Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has a positive effect of on open and complicated wounds and so has been used for at-risk surgical incisions with the aim of redistributing lateral tension and holding incision edges together. The aim of the present study was to compare the rate of wound complications following laparotomy in high-risk general surgical patients with a clean incision treated with closed-incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) with those receiving conventional care. METHOD A retrospective review was performed of the hospital medical records of patients who underwent laparotomy between 1 October 2010 and 31 March 2012. Records of 69 patients who received ciNPT and 112 who were managed by adherent gauze dressings were included in the final analysis. RESULTS Two (2.9%) patients in the ciNPT group and 23 (20.5%) in the non-NPWT group developed a wound complication following laparotomy (P < 0.0009). The relative risk (RR) was 0.14 (0.03-0.58), suggesting that infection is less likely to occur in ciNPT-treated incisions, compared with gauze dressings. CONCLUSION ciNPT was associated with a positive clinical outcome and was a safe and effective method of postsurgical management in our general surgery patients considered to have risk of developing wound complications following laparotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaidi
- Surgery, North Tees and Hartlepool NHSFT, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - S El-Masry
- Surgery, Our Lady Of Lourdes, Drogheda, Louth, Ireland
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Applying the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk calculator to patients undergoing colorectal surgery: theory vs reality. Am J Surg 2017; 213:30-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Association Between Intraoperative Low Blood Pressure and Development of Surgical Site Infection After Colorectal Surgery. Ann Surg 2016; 264:1058-1064. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Charlotte Adelaide Murray
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, Floor: 8, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ravi P Kiran
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, Floor: 8, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Murray ACA, Kiran RP. Benefit of mechanical bowel preparation prior to elective colorectal surgery: current insights. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2016; 401:573-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-016-1461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Benlice C, Gorgun E. Using NSQIP Data for Quality Improvement: The Cleveland Clinic SSI Experience. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.scrs.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Risk of Surgical Site Infection Varies Based on Location of Disease and Segment of Colorectal Resection for Cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2016; 59:493-500. [PMID: 27145305 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current quality-monitoring initiatives do not accurately evaluate surgical site infections based on type of surgical procedure. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize the effect of the anatomical site resected (right, left, rectal) on wound complications, including superficial, deep, and organ space surgical site infections, in patients who have cancer. SETTINGS Data were retrieved from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. DESIGN This study was designed to determine the independent risk associated with the anatomical location of cancer resection for all subtypes of surgical site infection. Statistical methods included the Fisher exact test, the χ test, and univariable and multivariable analyses for each outcome of interest. PATIENTS All colon and rectal resections for colorectal cancer between 2006 and 2012 were selected. Included were 45,956 patients: 17,993 (39.2%) underwent right colectomy, 11,538 (25.1%) underwent left colectomy, and 16,425 (35.7%) underwent rectal resections. RESULTS The overall surgical site infection rate was 12.3%: 3.7% organ space, 1.4% deep, and 7.2% superficial. On multivariable analysis, rectal resection was associated with the greatest odds of overall surgical site infections in comparison with left- or right-sided resections (rectal OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.35-1.69 vs left OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.97-1.23 vs right OR, 1). Rectal resections were also associated with greater odds of developing a deep surgical site infection than either right (rectal OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06-1.99) or left (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.62-1.27). The likelihood of organ space surgical site infection followed a similar pattern (rectal OR, 1.83; 95% CI 1.49-2.25; left colon, OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.75-1.19). Rectal and left resections had increased odds of superficial surgical site infections compared with right resections (rectal OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14-1.51; left OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.37). LIMITATIONS This is a retrospective observational study. CONCLUSIONS Rectal resections for cancer are independently associated with an increased likelihood of superficial, deep, and organ space infections. The policy on surgical site infections as a quality measure currently in place requires modification to adjust for the location of pathology and, hence, the anatomical segment resected when assessing the risk for type of surgical site infection.
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Prediction of surgical site infection after colorectal surgery. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:450-4. [PMID: 27038393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) after colorectal surgery is a frequent complication associated with substantial morbidity. Our objective was to identify surgical predictors of SSI in patients undergoing colorectal surgery using a retrospective case-control design. MATERIAL AND METHODS Randomly selected patients from all those undergoing colorectal surgery (2007-2013). Cases were patients who developed SSI within 30 days. Controls were patients who did not develop SSI within 30 days. Patients undergoing multiple procedures during a single surgical intervention were excluded. SSI was diagnosed according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions. The main outcome measures were SSI, surgical variables, and cumulative survival (Kaplan-Meier method). Variables considered predictors were compared using log-rank test. RESULTS Of 911 patients undergoing colorectal surgery, 221 developed SSI (24.3%; 95% confidence interval, 24.0-24.6). On univariate analysis, significant risk factors for SSI were: female sex (P = .02), >72 hours preoperative stay (P = .04), open surgery (P = .08), incision class: contaminated and dirty (P = .001), and emergency procedures (P = .006). On multivariate analysis, significant independent predictors of SSI and survival were dirty surgery (hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; P = .015), contaminated surgery (HR, 1.74; P = .009), female sex (HR, 1.58; P = .003), open surgery, (HR, 1.51; P = .015) and >72 hours preoperative stay (HR, 1.48; P = .024). CONCLUSIONS Dirty or contaminated surgery, female sex, open surgery, and >72 hours preoperative stay were significant predictors of SSI.
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Bergquist JR, Thiels CA, Etzioni DA, Habermann EB, Cima RR. Failure of Colorectal Surgical Site Infection Predictive Models Applied to an Independent Dataset: Do They Add Value or Just Confusion? J Am Coll Surg 2016; 222:431-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kannan U, Reddy VSK, Mukerji AN, Parithivel VS, Shah AK, Gilchrist BF, Farkas DT. Laparoscopic vs open partial colectomy in elderly patients: Insights from the American College of Surgeons - National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12843-12850. [PMID: 26668508 PMCID: PMC4671039 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i45.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the outcomes between the laparoscopic and open approaches for partial colectomy in elderly patients aged 65 years and over using the American College of Surgeons - National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database. METHODS The ACS NSQIP database for the years 2005-2011 was queried for all patients 65 years and above who underwent partial colectomy. 1:1 propensity score matching using the nearest- neighbor method was performed to ensure both groups had similar pre-operative comorbidities. Outcomes including post-operative complications, length of stay and mortality were compared between the laparoscopic and open groups. χ(2) and Fisher's exact test were used for discrete variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. P < 0.05 was considered significant and odds ratios with 95%CI were reported when applicable. RESULTS The total number of patients in the ACS NSQIP database of the years 2005-2011 was 1777035. We identified 27604 elderly patients who underwent partial colectomy with complete data sets. 12009 (43%) of the cases were done laparoscopically and 15595 (57%) were done with open. After propensity score matching, there were 11008 patients each in the laparoscopic (LC) and open colectomy (OC) cohorts. The laparoscopic approach had lower post-operative complications (LC 15.2%, OC 23.8%, P < 0.001), shorter length of stay (LC 6.61 d, OC 9.62 d, P < 0.001) and lower mortality (LC 1.6%, OC 2.9%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Even after propensity score matching, elderly patients in the ACS NSQIP database having a laparoscopic partial colectomy had better outcomes than those having open colectomies. In the absence of specific contraindications, elderly patients requiring a partial colectomy should be offered the laparoscopic approach.
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Pellino G, Sciaudone G, Selvaggi F, Canonico S. Prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy in colorectal surgery. Effects on surgical site events: current status and call to action. Updates Surg 2015; 67:235-245. [PMID: 25921360 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-015-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surgical site events, including surgical site infections (SSI), represent a major problem in general surgery. SSI are responsible of nuisance for patients, and can lead to important complications and disability, often needing prolonged postoperative stay with specific treatment and recovery in Intensive Care Units. These justify the higher costs due to SSI. Despite the growing body of evidence concerning SSI in general surgery, literature dealing with SSI after colorectal surgery is scarce, reflecting in suboptimal perception of such a relevant issue by colorectal surgeons and health authorities in Italy, though colorectal surgery is associated with higher rates of SSI. The best strategy for reducing the impact of SSI on costs of care and patients quality of life would be the development of a preventive bundle, similar to that adopted in the US through the colorectal section of the National Surgery Quality Improvement Project of the American College of Surgeons (ACS-NSQIP). This policy has been showed to significantly reduce the rates of SSI. In this scenario, incisional negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is likely to play a pivotal role. We herein reviewed the literature to report on the current status of preventive NPWT on surgical wounds of patients undergoing colorectal procedures with primary wound closure, suggesting evidence-based measures to reduce the impact of SSI, and to contain the costs associated with conventional NPWT devices by means of newer available technologies. Some explicative real life cases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pellino
- Unit of General Surgery, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy,
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Kwaan MR, Melton GB, Madoff RD, Chipman JG. Abdominoperineal Resection, Pelvic Exenteration, and Additional Organ Resection Increase the Risk of Surgical Site Infection after Elective Colorectal Surgery: An American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2015; 16:675-83. [PMID: 26237302 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2014.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining predictors of surgical site infection (SSI) in a large cohort is important for the design of accurate SSI surveillance programs. We hypothesized that additional organ resection and pelvic exenterative procedures are associated independently with a higher risk of SSI. METHODS Patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program® (ACS NSQIP®; American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL) database (2005-2012) were identified (n=112,282). Surgical site infection (superficial or deep SSI) at 30 d was the primary outcome. Using primary and secondary CPT® codes (American Medical Association, Chicago, IL) pelvic exenteration was defined and additional organ resection was defined as: bladder resection/repair, hysterectomy, partial vaginectomy, additional segmental colectomy, small bowel, gastric, or diaphragm resection. Univariable analysis of patient and procedure factors identified significant (p<0.05) predictors, which were modeled using stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS The rate of SSI was 9.2%. After adjusting for operative duration, predictors of SSI were body mass index (BMI) 25-29.9 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.3), BMI 30-34.9 (OR: 1.59), BMI 35-39.9 (OR: 2.11), BMI>40 (OR: 2.51), pulmonary comorbidities (OR: 1.22), smoking (OR: 1.24), bowel obstruction (OR: 1.40), wound classification 3 or 4 (OR: 1.18), and abdominoperineal resection (OR: 1.58). Laparoscopic or laparoscopically assisted procedures offered a protective effect against incision infection (OR: 0.55). Additional organ resection (OR: 1.08) was also associated independently with SSI, but the magnitude of the effect was decreased after accounting for operative duration. In the analysis that excludes operative duration, pelvic exenteration is associated with SSI (OR: 1.38), but incorporating operative duration into the model results in this variable becoming non-significant. CONCLUSIONS In addition to other factors, obesity, surgery for bowel obstruction, abdominoperineal resection, and additional organ resection are independently associated with a higher risk of SSI. Surgical site infection risk in pelvic exenteration and multiple organ resection cases appears to be mediated by prolonged operative duration. In these established high-risk sub-groups of patients, aggressive interventions to prevent SSI should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Kwaan
- 1 Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Genevieve B Melton
- 1 Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert D Madoff
- 1 Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey G Chipman
- 2 Division of Surgery and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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