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Samadi Kochaksaraei G, Shaheen AA, Seow CH, Barkema HW, Coffin CS. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy to prevent hepatitis B virus vertical transmission-A review of maternal and infant outcomes. Liver Int 2022; 42:1712-1730. [PMID: 35312156 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem. Vertical transmission of HBV from HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers to their infants is the most common cause of HBV infection worldwide. The use of passive-active immunoprophylaxis is >90% effective in reducing the risk of vertical transmission, but immunoprophylaxis failure can occur in infants born to mothers with high viraemia. Thus, it is recommended that pregnant women with HBV-DNA level >200 000 IU/ml receive nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment [i.e. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), lamivudine or telbivudine] during third trimester to prevent infant immunoprophylaxis failure. TDF is recommended as the first-line therapy based on available data on efficacy, safety and resistance profile. However, maternal immunological reconstitution following parturition can increase immune-mediated flares to viral antigens that is potentially exacerbated following TDF withdrawal. In this article, we review available data on the efficacy and safety of TDF administration to prevent HBV mother-to-child transmission. We also discuss changes in maternal viral markers [i.e. HBV-DNA, HBV e antigen and HBsAg] and alanine aminotransferase during follow-up post-partum in mothers received NA to prevent HBV vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golasa Samadi Kochaksaraei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abdel A Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cynthia H Seow
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla S Coffin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Xu R, Song D, Wang M, Huang J, Liao Q, Shan Z, Rong X, Fu Y. Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors for Acquiring HBV Among Li Ethnic in Baisha County, Hainan Island-Subgenotype D3 Was First Discovered in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:837746. [PMID: 35197959 PMCID: PMC8859303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.837746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The residents of Baisha, a county of Hainan Island, mainly composed of Li ethnic population and relatively closed living environment with its unique geographical location. Our previous study showed that Li ethnic population of Baisha is an endemic center for hepatitis C virus, with significantly higher rates than in other parts of China. However, the epidemiology of HBV in this region remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiological survey of HBV in Baisha County, including 1,682 Li ethnic residents. The total seropositive rate for HBsAg was 10.2% and was higher than other parts of China. HBV-positive status was associated with the 20–40-year-old group (OR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.04–1.39, P < 0.01) and alcohol consumption (OR = 2.17, 95%CI 1.58–2.99, P < 0.01). Phylogenetic analysis showed that HBV subgenotype D3 was predominant in Baisha County which was first discovered in China, followed by C5, C1, B2, and undetermined subgenotypes which were significantly different from other geographical distribution of main genotypes in China. The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the HBV genotype C in the Li ethnic of Baisha County was 1846 (95%CI: 1739–1932), and Baisha-C5 was earlier than Baisha-C1 and Baisha-C2. Most Baisha-D3 sequences were concentrated in one bundle and unrelated to those D3 genome sequences elsewhere in the world. According to the phylogenetic tree, D3 was introduced into Baisha County in 1884 (95%CI: 1816–1993) and became a local endemic virus. In conclusion, HBV infection in the Li ethnic group is characterized by a high prevalence rate in 20–40-year-old individuals and a unique genotype distribution which were significantly different from other geographical distribution of main genotypes in China, and subgenotype D3 was first discovered in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xu
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieting Huang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengang Shan
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Rong
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Rong,
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Yongshui Fu,
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Tao J, Zhang W, Yue H, Zhu G, Wu W, Gong W, Fang H, He G, Hu X, Zhao H, Liu A. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Shenzhen, China, 2015-2018. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13948. [PMID: 31558731 PMCID: PMC6763439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
China has nearly 10% of the general HBV carrier population in the world; this infection is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Understanding HBV epidemiology is essential for future infection control, evaluation, and treatment. This study determined the prevalence of HBV infection in Shenzhen by serological testing and analysis in 282,166 HBV screening cases for the following: HBcAb, indicative of previous HBV infection; HBsAg, indicative of chronic (current) infection; HBsAb, indicative of immunity from vaccination; and 34,368 HBV etiological screening cases for HBV-DNA, indicative of virus carriage, in which 1,204 cases were genotyped and mutation analyzed for drug-resistance evaluation. Shenzhen was a highly endemic area of HBV throughout the study period (prevalence 9.69%). HBV infections were almost entirely in the 20 and older age groups with a male-to-female ratio of 1.16:1 which is approximately the same as the male-to-female ratio of the general population in China. However, only 71.25% of the general population retained HBV immune protection. Genotype B and C were identified as the most common agents; recombinant B/C and B/D also existed; some cases, however, could not be genotyped. NAs resistant mutation occurrence patterns were multitudinous; single mutation patterns of rtM204I/V and rtL180M occurrences accounted for majority, followed by the combinational mutation pattern L180M + M204I/V. Drug-resistance was prevalent, mainly occurring in the cross resistance patterns LAM + LdT and LAM + LdT + ETV, and significantly more critical in males. These results demonstrate that all people free from HBV infection should obtain injections of the vaccine or booster shots, and conventional virologic detection in a clinical laboratory center should incorporate genotype and mutation alongside the serological factors for etiology and develop better classification methods, such as sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Huakui Yue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Guohun Zhu
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Wenbo Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Honghui Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Guirong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Hongyue Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Aiqin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmenbei Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
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Tang AS, Lyu J, Wang S, He Q, Pong P, Harris AM. Disparities in Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Immunity Among New York City Asian American Patients, 1997 to 2017. Am J Public Health 2019; 108:S327-S335. [PMID: 30383421 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure disparities in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and immunity among a high-risk patient population at a community health center in New York City. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of 25 565 adults with HBV surface antigen, surface antibody, and total core antibody tests from 1997 to 2017. We categorized HBV test results by infection and immunity status and analyzed by demographic characteristics with χ2 and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of 25 565 adults, 13.4% were currently infected, 52.1% were ever infected, 33.4% were immune from vaccination, and 14.5% were susceptible. Significant factors associated with ever infection were age, male sex, being China-born, limited English proficiency, having Medicaid or no insurance, and family history of HBV (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a high burden of HBV infection among foreign-born Asian Americans seeking care at a community health center. Public Health Implications. It is important to test patients at high risk for HBV infection with all 3 tests to identify those with current infection, risk for reactivation, or need for vaccination, and to assess the effectiveness of public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Tang
- Amy S. Tang, Janice Lyu, Qingqing He, and Perry Pong are with the Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY. Su Wang is with the Center for Asian Health, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Florham Park, NJ. Aaron M. Harris is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Janice Lyu
- Amy S. Tang, Janice Lyu, Qingqing He, and Perry Pong are with the Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY. Su Wang is with the Center for Asian Health, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Florham Park, NJ. Aaron M. Harris is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Su Wang
- Amy S. Tang, Janice Lyu, Qingqing He, and Perry Pong are with the Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY. Su Wang is with the Center for Asian Health, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Florham Park, NJ. Aaron M. Harris is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Qingqing He
- Amy S. Tang, Janice Lyu, Qingqing He, and Perry Pong are with the Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY. Su Wang is with the Center for Asian Health, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Florham Park, NJ. Aaron M. Harris is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Perry Pong
- Amy S. Tang, Janice Lyu, Qingqing He, and Perry Pong are with the Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY. Su Wang is with the Center for Asian Health, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Florham Park, NJ. Aaron M. Harris is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Aaron M Harris
- Amy S. Tang, Janice Lyu, Qingqing He, and Perry Pong are with the Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY. Su Wang is with the Center for Asian Health, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Florham Park, NJ. Aaron M. Harris is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Liu C, Wu W, Shang S, Huang E, Xun Z, Lin J, Chen T, Yang B, Chen J, Ou Q. Application strategies of serum HBV DNA detection in HBV infection patients: A retrospective study of 5611 specimens. J Med Virol 2018; 91:249-257. [PMID: 30011350 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA plays a critical role in determining the level of viral replication in HBV-infected patients. However, how to select appropriate HBV DNA detection method, low-sensitivity (ls) and hypersensitivity (hs) remains unclear. In this study, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and hs HBV DNA titers in serum of 5611 cases with suspected HBV infection were reviewed. Besides, the dynamic changes of HBV DNA and HBsAg in 85 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving peginterferon α (PegIFNα) or entecavir (ETV) were observed. The results showed the positive rate of HBV DNA was 32.8%, of which low viral load (20 to 500 IU/mL) accounted for 51.8%. In the 5611 cases, when the HBsAg was less than 1000 IU/mL, the proportion of low viral load was 76.3%. Moreover, in patients receiving antiviral treatment, when HBsAg was less than 2000 IU/mL (PegIFNα) or HBsAg was less than 3500 IU/mL (ETV), the proportion of patients with low viral load was 79.5% or 78.0%, respectively. We developed a strategy of serum HBV DNA detection in HBV-infected patients. When HBsAg was negative, HBV DNA detection should be unnecessary. When HBsAg was 0.05 to 1000 IU/mL, hs HBV DNA should be detected in patients with abnormal level of ALT, AST, or HBeAg. While HBsAg was greater than or equal to 1000 IU/mL, ls HBV DNA was recommended. Moreover, the cutoff value of HBsAg increased during antiviral therapy of CHB patients. In conclusion, hs HBV DNA is of great value in HBV-infected patients with low viral load. HBV DNA detection methods should be selected reasonably according to the levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT, and AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wennan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shongyan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Er Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinpiao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections represent a major global public health and economic burden, with an estimated 257 million and 71 million people, respectively, having chronic infection worldwide. The natural history of HBV and HCV in children depends on age at time of infection, mode of acquisition, ethnicity, and genotype. Most children infected perinatally or vertically remain asymptomatic but are at uniquely higher risk of developing chronic viral hepatitis, progressing to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hence classifying HBV and HCV as oncoviruses. This article discusses the epidemiology, virology, immunobiology, prevention, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and the advances in treatment of hepatitis B and C in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa R Mysore
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin, Suite 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel H Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin, Suite 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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7
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Huang SM, Cai WP, Hu FY, Lan Y, Liao BL, Chen YP, Tang XP. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus in HIV-infected patients in Guangdong, China. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 27:890-7. [PMID: 26384940 DOI: 10.1177/0956462415600570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HIV-infected adults at the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in Guangdong province, China. A total of 2793 HIV-infected adults were enrolled between January 2004 and September 2011. Demographic data and laboratory parameters were collected, HBV-DNA levels were measured, and HBV genotypes were identified before ART initiation. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in HIV-infected patients was 13.2%. A total of 266 HIV/HBV co-infected patients and 1469 HIV mono-infected patients were recruited. The median alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels of HIV/HBV co-infected patients were higher than HIV mono-infected patients (32 U/L vs. 22 U/L, p < 0.001 and 35 U/L vs. 24 U/L, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas the median CD4 cell count of HIV/HBV co-infected patients was lower than HIV mono-infected patients (59 cells/mm(3) vs. 141 cells/mm(3), p < 0.001). The level of CD4 cell count was lower in hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive co-infected patients than HBeAg-negative patients (36 cells/mm(3) vs. 69 cells/mm(3), p = 0.014). A similar result was found in high level of HBV-DNA and low level of HBV-DNA groups (33 cells/mm(3) vs. 89 cells/mm(3), p < 0.001). HBV genotypes were classified as genotypes B and C. Patients infected with genotypes B and C differed significantly in terms of proportion of those who were HBeAg-positive (40.5% vs. 62.2%, p = 0.014). This study indicates a high prevalence of HBsAg in HIV-infected adults in Guangdong. The level of CD4 cell count in HIV/HBV co-infected patients was much lower than HIV mono-infected patients, especially in patients who were HBeAg-positive and had a high level of HBV-DNA. The predominant HBV genotype in HIV/HBV co-infected patients is genotype B.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W P Cai
- Number Eight People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Y Hu
- Number Eight People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Lan
- Number Eight People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B L Liao
- Number Eight People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y P Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X P Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Number Eight People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sunbul M. Hepatitis B virus genotypes: Global distribution and clinical importance. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5427-5434. [PMID: 24833873 PMCID: PMC4017058 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At least 600000 individuals worldwide annually die of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many viral factors, such as viral load, genotype, and specific viral mutations, are known to affect disease progression. HBV reverse transcriptase does not have a proofreading function, therefore, many HBV genotypes, sub-genotypes, mutants, and recombinants emerge. Differences between genotypes in response to antiviral treatment have been determined. To date, 10 HBV genotypes, scattered across different geographical regions, have been identified. For example, genotype A has a tendency for chronicity, whereas viral mutations are frequently encountered in genotype C. Both chronicity and mutation frequency are common in genotype D. LC and progression to HCC are more commonly encountered with genotypes C and D than the other genotypes. Pathogenic differences between HBV genotypes explain disease intensity, progression to LC, and HCC. In conclusion, genotype determination in CHB infection is important in estimating disease progression and planning optimal antiviral treatment.
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Liu C, Chen T, Lin J, Chen H, Chen J, Lin S, Yang B, Shang H, Ou Q. Evaluation of the performance of four methods for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen and their application for testing 116,455 specimens. J Virol Methods 2013; 196:174-8. [PMID: 24239632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a crucial serum marker for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is imperative to compare test results from different detection methods based on different principles. Four methods, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and golden immunochromato-graphic assay (GICA) were applied to test the HBsAg level in 250 specimens. According to the EP12-A2 and EP15-A2 documents from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), the concentration at which repeated results are 50% positive (C50) of HBsAg detected by CMIA, ECLIA, ELISA and GICA was 0.05, 0.08, 0.15 and 15.0IU/ml, respectively. When the detection concentration of HBsAg was 0.5IU/ml, the imprecision degree of CMIA, ECLIA and ELISA was 8.1%, 5.9% and 14.9% respectively. When detecting high HBsAg level (≥20.0IU/ml) and HBsAg negative specimens, the consistency of the four methods was high, while for the low level (0.05-20.0IU/ml), the consistency was poor (except for the CMIA and ECLIA, P<0.05). When evaluation of the four methods in qualitative diagnosis of HBsAg level in the 116,455 specimens, there was no significant discrepancy among CMIA, CMIA and ECLIA, however, GICA was significantly different from the other 3 methods. Compared with CMIA, the false negative rate of ECLIA, ELISA and GICA was 0.2%, 1.3% and 12.3% respectively. In conclusion, GICA was only suitable for the preliminary screening of HBsAg positive individuals and ELISA can be applied to the qualitative diagnosis of HBsAg. Both CMIA and ECLIA were suitable for the quantitative determination of HBsAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Jinpiao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Hongyan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, China.
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